Texas Instruments TPS60400DBV, TPS60401DBV, TPS60402DBV, TPS60403DBV Schematic [ru]

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60 mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

		SLVS324A − JULY 2001 REVISED NOVEMBER 2004
features	applications
D Inverts Input Supply Voltage	D LCD Bias
D Up to 60-mA Output Current	D GaAs Bias for RF Power Amps
D Only Three Small 1- F Ceramic Capacitors	D Sensor Supply in Portable Instruments
Needed	D	Bipolar Amplifier Supply
D Input Voltage Range From 1.6 V to 5.5 V	D	Medical Instruments
D PowerSave-Mode for Improved Efficiency	D	Battery-Operated Equipment

at Low Output Currents (TPS60400)

DDevice Quiescent Current Typical 65 A

DIntegrated Active Schottky-Diode for Start-Up Into Load

DSmall 5-Pin SOT23 Package

DEvaluation Module Available TPS60400EVM−178

description

DBV PACKAGE (TOP VIEW)

OUT		1	5		CFLY+
IN		2
CFLY−		3	4		GND

The TPS6040x is a family of devices that generate an unregulated negative output voltage from an input voltage ranging from 1.6 V to 5.5 V. The devices are typically supplied by a preregulated supply rail of 5 V or 3.3 V. Due to its wide input voltage range, two or three NiCd, NiMH, or alkaline battery cells, as well as one Li-Ion cell can also power them.

Only three external 1- F capacitors are required to build a complete dc/dc charge pump inverter. Assembled in a 5-pin SOT23 package, the complete converter can be built on a 50 mm2 board area. Additional board area and component count reduction is achieved by replacing the Schottky diode that is typically needed for start-up into load by integrated circuitry.

The TPS6040x can deliver a maximum output current of 60 mA with a typical conversion efficiency of greater than 90% over a wide output current range. Three device options with 20-kHz, 50-kHz, and 250-kHz fixed frequency operation are available. One device comes with a variable switching frequency to reduce operating current in applications with a wide load range and enables the design with low-value capacitors.

typical application circuit

TPS60400

OUTPUT VOLTAGE

vs

C(fly)

1 F

0

INPUT VOLTAGE

3

5

IO = 60 mA

CFLY−

CFLY+

−1

IO = 30 mA

TPS60400

Output

V

I

O

= 1 mA

Input

2

1

−

CI

IN

OUT

Max 60 mA

Voltage

−2

CO

1.6 V to 5.5 V

−1.6 V to −5.5 V,

1 F

GND

1

F

Output−

4

−3

O

V

−4

TA = 25°C

−5

0

1

2

3

4

5

VI − Input Voltage − V

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.	Copyright 2001−2004, T exas Instruments Incorporated
Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments
standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include
testing of all parameters.

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1

TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60 mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324A − JULY 2001 REVISED NOVEMBER 2004

			AVAILABLE OPTIONS
	PART NUMBER†	MARKING DBV	TYPICAL FLYING CAPACITOR	FEATURE
		PACKAGE	[ F]
	TPS60400DBV	PFKI	1	Variable switching frequency
				50 kHz−250 kHz
	TPS60401DBV	PFLI	10	Fixed frequency 20 kHz
	TPS60402DBV	PFMI	3.3	Fixed frequency 50 kHz
	TPS60403DBV	PFNI	1	Fixed frequency 250 kHz

†The DBV package is available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g. TPS60400DBVR) to order quantities of 3000 devices per reel. Add T suffix to device type (e.g. TPS60400DBVT) to order quantities of 250 devices per reel.

TPS60400 functional block diagram

VI

VI − VCFLY+ < 0.5 V

VI

R

Q

Start

MEAS

VI < 1 V

DC_ Startup

VI

FF

VO > Vbe

S

VO

Q1

		OSC	Q		+	VO
	VO	CHG	Phase		Q4
					C(fly)
		OSC
MEAS			Generator		B
		50 kHz	Q	Q2	Q3	Q5
		VO > −1 V				GND
VI	VO

DC_ Startup

VCO_CONT

VI / VO

MEAS

VO < −V I − V be

Terminal Functions

	TERMINAL		I/O	DESCRIPTION
	NAME	NO.
	CFLY+	5		Positive terminal of the flying capacitor C(fly)
	CFLY−	3		Negative terminal of the flying capacitor C(fly)
	GND	4		Ground
	IN	2	I	Supply input. Connect to an input supply in the 1.6-V to 5.5-V range. Bypass IN to GND with a capacitor that has the
				same value as the flying capacitor.
	OUT	1	O	Power output with VO = −V I
				Bypass OUT to GND with the output filter capacitor CO.

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TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60 mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324A − JULY 2001 REVISED NOVEMBER 2004

detailed description

operating principle

The TPS60400, TPS60401 charge pumps invert the voltage applied to their input. For the highest performance, use low equivalent series resistance (ESR) capacitors (e.g., ceramic). During the first half-cycle, switches S2

and S4 open, switches S1 and S3 close, and capacitor (C(fly)) charges to the voltage at VI. During the second half-cycle, S1 and S3 open, S2 and S4 close. This connects the positive terminal of C(fly) to GND and the negative to VO. By connecting C(fly) in parallel, CO is charged negative. The actual voltage at the output is more

positive than −V I, since switches S1–S4 have resistance and the load drains charge from CO.

VI
S1
	C(fly)		S4
				VO (−V I)
	1 F		CO
S2		S3
			1	F
GND				GND

Figure 1. Operating Principle

charge-pump output resistance

The TPS6040x devices are not voltage regulators. The charge pumps output source resistance is approximately 15 Ω at room temperature (with VI = 5 V), and VO approaches –5 V when lightly loaded. VO will droop toward GND as load current increases.

VO = −(V I – RO × IO)

1		(1)
RO [			) 4 2RSWITCH ) ESRCFLY ) ESRCO
	ƒosc C
		(fly)
RO = output resistance of the converter

efficiency considerations

The power efficiency of a switched-capacitor voltage converter is affected by three factors: the internal losses in the converter IC, the resistive losses of the capacitors, and the conversion losses during charge transfer between the capacitors. The internal losses are associated with the IC’s internal functions, such as driving the switches, oscillator, etc. These losses are affected by operating conditions such as input voltage, temperature, and frequency. The next two losses are associated with the voltage converter circuit’s output resistance. Switch losses occur because of the on-resistance of the MOSFET switches in the IC. Charge-pump capacitor losses occur because of their ESR. The relationship between these losses and the output resistance is as follows:

PCAPACITOR LOSSES + PCONVERSION LOSSES = IO2 × RO

RSWITCH = resistance of a single MOSFET-switch inside the converter fOSC = oscillator frequency

The first term is the effective resistance from an ideal switched-capacitor circuit. Conversion losses occur during the charge transfer between C(fly) and CO when there is a voltage difference between them. The power loss is:

1	2	2	)	1	2	* 2VOVRIPPLE	(2)
PCONV.LOSS + 2	C(fly) VI	* VO		2 CO VRIPPLE			ƒosc

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TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60 mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324A − JULY 2001 REVISED NOVEMBER 2004

efficiency considerations (continued)

The efficiency of the TPS6040x devices is dominated by their quiescent supply current at low output current and by their output impedance at higher current.

	I	1 *	I	O	R	O
h ^	O
	IO ) IQ			VI

Where, IQ = quiescent current.

capacitor selection

To maintain the lowest output resistance, use capacitors with low ESR (see Table 1). The charge-pump output

resistance is a function of C(fly)’s and CO’s ESR. Therefore, minimizing the charge-pump capacitor’s ESR minimizes the total output resistance. The capacitor values are closely linked to the required output current and

the output noise and ripple requirements. It is possible to only use 1- F capacitors of the same type.

input capacitor (CI)

Bypass the incoming supply to reduce its ac impedance and the impact of the TPS6040x switching noise. The recommended bypassing depends on the circuit configuration and where the load is connected. When the inverter is loaded from OUT to GND, current from the supply switches between 2 x IO and zero. Therefore, use a large bypass capacitor (e.g., equal to the value of C(fly)) if the supply has high ac impedance.

flying capacitor (C(fly))

Increasing the flying capacitor’s size reduces the output resistance. Small values increases the output resistance. Above a certain point, increasing C(fly)’s capacitance has a negligible effect, because the output resistance becomes dominated by the internal switch resistance and capacitor ESR.

output capacitor (CO)

Increasing the output capacitor’s size reduces the output ripple voltage. Decreasing its ESR reduces both output resistance and ripple. Smaller capacitance values can be used with light loads if higher output ripple can be tolerated. Use the following equation to calculate the peak-to-peak ripple.

VO(ripple) +	IO
		) 2		IO	ESRCO
	fosc Co
	Table 1. Recommended Capacitor Values
	DEVICE			VI		IO	CI	C(fly)		CO
				[V]		[mA]	[ F]	[ F]		[ F]
	TPS60400			1.8…5.5		60	1	1		1
	TPS60401			1.8…5.5		60	10	10		10
	TPS60402			1.8…5.5		60	3.3	3.3		3.3
	TPS60403			1.8…5.5		60	1	1		1

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TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60 mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324A − JULY 2001 REVISED NOVEMBER 2004

detailed description (continued)

Table 2. Recommended Capacitors

MANUFACTURER	PART NUMBER	SIZE	CAPACITANCE		TYPE
Taiyo Yuden	EMK212BJ474MG	0805	0.47	F	Ceramic
	LMK212BJ105KG	0805	1	F	Ceramic
	LMK212BJ225MG	0805	2.2	F	Ceramic
	EMK316BJ225KL	1206	2.2	F	Ceramic
	LMK316BJ475KL	1206	4.7	F	Ceramic
	JMK316BJ106KL	1206	10	F	Ceramic
TDK	C2012X5R1C105M	0805	1	F	Ceramic
	C2012X5R1A225M	0805	2.2	F	Ceramic
	C2012X5R1A335M	0805	3.3	F	Ceramic

Table 3 contains a list of manufacturers of the recommended capacitors. Ceramic capacitors will provide the lowest output voltage ripple because they typically have the lowest ESR-rating.

Table 3. Recommended Capacitor Manufacturers

MANUFACTURER	CAPACITOR TYPE	INTERNET
Taiyo Yuden	X7R/X5R ceramic	www.t-yuden.com
TDK	X7R/X5R ceramic	www.component.tdk.com
Vishay	X7R/X5R ceramic	www.vishay.com
Kemet	X7R/X5R ceramic	www.kemet.com

absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)†

Voltage range: IN to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . −0.3 V to 5.5	V
OUT to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . −5.5 V to 0.3	V
CFLY− to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . . . . 0.3 V to (VO − 0.3 V)
CFLY+ to GND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . . . −0.3 V to (V I + 0.3	V)
Continuous power dissipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	See Dissipation Rating Table
Continuous output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 mA
Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . −55 °C to 150°C
Maximum junction temperature, TJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150°C

†Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

DISSIPATION RATING TABLE

	PACKAGE	TA < 25°C	DERATING FACTOR	TA = 70°C	TA = 85°C
		POWER RATING	ABOVE TA = 25°C	POWER RATING	POWER RATING
	DBV	437 mW	3.5 mW/°C	280 mW	227 mW

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TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60 mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324A − JULY 2001 REVISED NOVEMBER 2004

recommended operating conditions

	MIN	NOM	MAX	UNIT
Input voltage range, VI	1.8		5.25	V
Output current range at OUT, IO			60	mA
Input capacitor, CI	0	C(fly)		µF
Flying capacitor, C(fly)		1		µF
Output capacitor, CO		1	100	µF
Operating junction temperature, TJ	−40		125	°C

electrical characteristics at CI = C(fly) = CO (according to Table 1), TC = −40 °C to 85°C, VI = 5 V over recommended operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)

	PARAMETER		TEST CONDITIONS			MIN	TYP	MAX	UNIT
VI	Supply voltage range		At TC = −40 °C to 85°C,		RL = 5 kΩ	1.8		5.25	V
			At TC ≥ 0°C,		RL = 5 kΩ	1.6
IO	Maximum output current at VO					60			mA
VO	Output voltage						−V I		V
		TPS60400		C(fly) = 1 µF, CO = 2.2 µF			35
VP−P	Output voltage ripple	TPS60401	IO = 5 mA	C(fly) = CO = 10 µF			20		mVP−P
		TPS60402		C(fly) = CO = 3.3 µF			20
		TPS60403		C(fly) = CO = 1 µF			15
		TPS60400					125	270
		TPS60401	At VI = 5 V				65	190	µA
		TPS60402					120	270
IQ	Quiescent current (no-load input	TPS60403					425	700
	current)	TPS60400						210
		TPS60401	At T ≤ 60°C,	VI = 5 V				135	µA
		TPS60402						210
		TPS60403						640
		TPS60400	VCO version			30	50−250	350
fOSC	Internal switching frequency	TPS60401				13	20	28	kHz
		TPS60402				30	50	70
		TPS60403				150	250	300
		TPS60400	CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF				12	15
	Impedance at 25°C, VI = 5 V	TPS60401	CI = C(fly) = CO = 10 µF				12	15	Ω
		TPS60402	CI = C(fly) = CO = 3.3 µF				12	15
		TPS60403	CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF				12	15

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TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60 mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

		SLVS324A − JULY 2001 REVISED NOVEMBER 2004
		TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
		Table of Graphs
			FIGURE
η	Efficiency	vs Output current at 3.3 V, 5 V	2,	3
		TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403
II	Input current	vs Output current	4,	5
		TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403
IS	Supply current	vs Input voltage	6,	7
		TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403
	Output resistance	vs Input voltage at −40 °C, 0°C, 25°C, 85°C	8, 9, 10,
		TPS60400, CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF	11
		TPS60401, CI = C(fly) = CO = 10 µF
		TPS60402 , CI = C(fly) = CO = 3.3 µF
		TPS60403, CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF
VO	Output voltage	vs Output current at 25°C, VIN=1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 5 V	12, 13,
		TPS60400, CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF	14,	15
		TPS60401, CI = C(fly) = CO = 10 µF
		TPS60402 , CI = C(fly) = CO = 3.3 µF
		TPS60403, CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF
fOSC	Oscillator frequency	vs Temperature at VI = 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, 5 V	16, 17,
		TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403	18,	19
fOSC	Oscillator frequency	vs Output current TPS60400 at 2 V, 3.3 V, 5.0 V	20
	Output ripple and noise	VI = 5 V, IO = 30 mA, CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF (TPS60400)	21,	22
		VI = 5 V, IO = 30 mA, CI = C(fly) = CO = 10 µF (TPS60401)
		VI = 5 V, IO = 30 mA, CI = C(fly) = CO = 3.3 µF (TPS60402)
		VI = 5 V, IO = 30 mA, CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 µF (TPS60403)

TPS60400, TPS60401	TPS60402, TPS60403
EFFICIENCY	EFFICIENCY
vs	vs
OUTPUT CURRENT	OUTPUT CURRENT

	100											100
						TPS60400
	95					VI = 5 V			TPS60401			95
	90								VI = 5 V			90
− %	85		TPS60401								− %	85
Efficiency	80		VI = 3.3 V								Efficiency	80
	75											75
	70						TPS60400					70
							VI = 3.3 V
	65											65
								TA = 25°C
	60	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	60
	0
				IO − Output Current − mA

					TPS60403
					VI = 5 V
								TPS60402
								VI = 5 V
				TPS60403
				VI = 3.3 V
						TPS60402
						VI = 3.3 V
							TA = 25°C
0	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
			IO − Output Current − mA

Figure 2	Figure 3

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TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60 mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

SLVS324A − JULY 2001 REVISED NOVEMBER 2004

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS

TPS60400, TPS60401	TPS60402, TPS60403
INPUT CURRENT	INPUT CURRENT
vs	vs
OUTPUT CURRENT	OUTPUT CURRENT

	100	TA = 25°C			100	TA = 25°C
			TPS60400
mA−			VI = 5 V	mA−		VI	= 5 V
	10				10	TPS60403
Current		TPS60401		Current		TPS60403
Input−	1	VI = 5 V	VI = 2 V	Input−	1	VI = 2 V
			TPS60401
I				I			TPS60402
I				I
							VI = 5 V
		TPS60400				TPS60402
	0.1	VI = 2 V				VI = 2 V
					0.1
	0.1	1	10	100	0.1	1	10	100
		IO − Output Current − mA				IO − Output Current − mA

Figure 4	Figure 5
TPS60400, TPS60401	TPS60402, TPS60403
SUPPLY CURRENT	SUPPLY CURRENT
vs	vs
INPUT VOLTAGE	INPUT VOLTAGE

	0.6						0.6
					IO = 0 mA						IO = 0 mA
					TA = 25°C						TA = 25°C
−mA	0.4						−mA
CurrentSupply−							0.4
	0.2						CurrentSupply−			TPS60403
DD							0.2
							DD
I				TPS60400			I
					TPS60401						TPS60402
	0						0
	0	1	2	3	4	5	0	1	2	3	4	5
			VI − Input Voltage − V						VI − Input Voltage − V

Figure 6	Figure 7

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TPS60400, TPS60401, TPS60402, TPS60403

UNREGULATED 60 mA CHARGE PUMP VOLTAGE INVERTER

	SLVS324A − JULY 2001 REVISED NOVEMBER 2004
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
TPS60400	TPS60401
OUTPUT RESISTANCE	OUTPUT RESISTANCE
vs	vs
INPUT VOLTAGE	INPUT VOLTAGE

	40							40
									IO = 30 mA
				IO = 30 mA
	35			CI = C(fly) = CO = 1 F				35	CI = C(fly) = CO = 10 F
Ω	30							30
							Resistance− Ω
ResistanceOutput−
	25							25
	20		TA = 85°C					20		TA = 25°C
			TA = 25°C					15			TA = 85°C
r	15						Output
−
o	10							10
							−
							o
							r
	5							5
			TA = −40 °C						TA = −40 °C
								0
	0
	1	2	3	4	5	6		1	2	3	4	5	6
			VI − Input Voltage − V							VI − Input Voltage − V

Figure 8

Figure 9

			TPS60402						TPS60403
			OUTPUT RESISTANCE						OUTPUT RESISTANCE
				vs					vs
			INPUT VOLTAGE						INPUT VOLTAGE
	40						40
				IO = 30 mA					I	O	= 30 mA
	35			CI = C(fly) = CO = 3.3 F			35		CI = C(fly) = CO = 1				F
Ω
−	30					Ω	30
ResistanceOutput	25					Resistance−	25
	20	TA = 25°C					20		TA = 25°C
			TA = 85°C			Output
o	15						15		TA = 85°C
−
r	10					−	10
						r
						o
	5	TA = −40 °C					5	TA = −40	°C
	0						0
	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	2	3		4	5	6
			VI − Input Voltage − V						VI − Input Voltage − V
			Figure 10						Figure 11
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