Texas Instruments TMS320LC203PZA, TMS320LC203PZ, TMS320C203PZA57, TMS320C203PZA, TMS320C203PZ80 Datasheet

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Based Upon the T320C2xLP Core CPU

16-Bit Fixed-Point DSP Architecture – Six Internal Buses for Increased

Parallelism and Performance

– 32-Bit ALU/Accumulator – 16 × 16-Bit Single-Cycle Multiplier With a

32-Bit Product

– Block Moves for Data, Program,

I/O Space

– Hardware Repeat Instruction

Instruction Cycle Time ’C203 ’LC203 ’C209 50 ns @ 5 V 50 ns @ 3.3 V 50 ns @ 5 V 35 ns @ 5 V 35 ns @ 5 V 25 ns @ 5 V

Source Code Compatible With TMS320C25

Upwardly Code-Compatible With TMS320C5x Devices

Four External Interrupts

Boot-Loader Option (’C203 Only)

TMS320C2xx Integrated Memory: – 544 × 16 Words of On-Chip Dual-Access

Data RAM

– 4K × 16 Words of On-Chip Single-Access

Program/Data RAM (’C209 only)

– 4K × 16 Words of On-Chip Program ROM

(’C209 Only)

224K × 16-Bit Total Addressable External Memory Space – 64K Program – 64K Data – 64K I/O

description

– 32K Global

TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

TMS320C2xx Peripherals: – PLL With Various Clock Options

– ×1, ×2, ×4, 2 (’C203) – ×2, 2 (’C209)

– On-Chip Oscillator – One Wait State Software-Programmable

to Each Space (’C209 Only)

– 0 – 7 Wait States Software-Programmable

to Each Space (’C203 Only) – Six General-Purpose I/O Pins – On-Chip 20-Bit Timer – Full-Duplex Asynchronous Serial Port

(UART) (’C203 Only) – One Synchronous Serial Port With

Four-Level-Deep FIFOs (’C203 Only)

Supports Hardware Wait States

Designed for Low-Power Consumption – Fully Static CMOS Technology – Power-Down IDLE Mode

1.1 mA/MIPS at 3.3 V

’C203 is Pin-Compatible With TMS320F206 Flash DSP

Up to 40-MIPS Performance at 5 V (’C203)

20-MIPS Performance at 3.3 V

HOLD Mode for Multiprocessor Applications

IEEE-1 149.1†-Compatible Scan-Based Emulation

80- and 100-pin Small Thin Quad Flat Packages (TQFPs), (PN and PZ Suffixes)

The TMS320C2xx generation of digital signal processors (DSPs) combines strong performance and great flexibility to meet the needs of signal processing and control applications. The T320C2xLP core CPU that is the basis of all ’C2xx devices has been optimized for high speed, small size, and low-power, making it ideal for demanding applications in many markets. The CPU has an advanced, modified Harvard architecture with six internal buses that permits tremendous parallelism and data throughput. The powerful ’C2xx instruction set makes software development easy . And because the ’C2xx is code-compatible with the TMS320C2x and ’C5x generations, your code investment is preserved. Around this core, ’C2xx-generation devices feature various combinations of on-chip memory and peripherals. The serial ports provide easy communication with external devices such as codecs, A/D converters, and other processors. Other peripherals that facilitate the control of external devices include general-purpose I/O pins, a 20-bit timer, and a wait-state generator.

Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.

†

IEEE Standard 1149.1-1990, IEEE Standard Test-Access Port.

PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.

POST OFFICE BOX 1443 • HOUSTON, TEXAS 77251–1443

TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

I/O PORTS

SUPPLY

TIME

TYPE WITH

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

description (continued)

Because of their strong performance, low cost, and easy-to-use development environment, ’C2xx-generation DSPs are an ideal choice for applications such as smart phones, digital cameras, modems, remote metering, and security systems.

PZ PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

PN PACKAGE

(TOP VIEW)

EMU0

EMU1/OFF

TCK

TRST

TDI

TMS

TDO

CLKR

FSR

CLKX

V FSX

TOUT

RX IO0 IO1

BIO

A14

A13

A12VA11

DIV1VDIV2

HOLDA

A10A9A8VA7VA6A5A4VA3A2A1A0VPSIS

IO2

IO3

PLL5V

CLKIN/X2

A15

76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83

84 85 86 87 88

89 90 91

93 94

95 96 97

98 99

TEST

BOOT

CLKOUT1

NMI

HOLD /INT1

INT2

INT3

D0D1D2

51525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475

READY

R/W

STRB

D15

D14

D13

D12

D11

D10

D7 V

26100

25242322212019181716151413121110987654321

EMU0

EMU1/OFF

TDI

READY

TCK

BIO

MP/MC

D15 V D14 D13 V D12 D11 D10

D9 D8

TRST

IACKRDV

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

D7D6D5D4D3SSD1

CLKOUT1

TOUT

CLKMOD

TDO

CLKIN/X2

TMS

INT1

STRB

INT2

R/W

INT3

PSISDSWEV

NMI

PLL5V

RAMEN

Table 2 provides a comparison of the devices in the ’C2xx generation. It shows the capacity of on-chip RAM and ROM, the number of serial and parallel I/O ports, the execution time of one machine cycle, and the type of package with total pin count.

A15

A14

A13

A12

A11

A10

RES1

Table 1. Low Power Dissipation

†

POWER TMS320C203 TMS320C209

3.3 V 1.1 mA/MIPS N/A 5 V 1.9 mA/MIPS 1.9 mA/MIPS

†

Core power dissipation. For complete details, see

Calculation of TMS320C2xx Power Dissipation

(literature

number SPRA088).

Table 2. Characteristics of the TMS320C2xx Processors

ON-CHIP MEMORY

TMS320C2xx

DEVICES

RAM ROM

DATA

DATA/ PROG

PROG SERIAL PARALLEL

TMS320C203 288 256 – 2 64K 5 50/35/25 100-pin TQFP TMS320C209 288 4K + 256 4K – 64K 5 50/35 80-pin TQFP TM320LC203 288 256 – 2 64K 3.3 50 100-pin TQFP

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POWER

(V)

CYCLE

(ns)

PACKAGE

PIN COUNT

TYPE

†

DESCRIPTION

TMS320C203 and TMS320LC203 Terminal Functions

TERMINAL

NAME NO.

DATA AND ADDRESS BUSES

D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

PS 53 O/Z

DS 51 O/Z

IS 52 O/Z

READY 49 I

R/W 47 O/Z

RD 45 O/Z

WE 44 O/Z

†

I = input, O = output, Z = high impedance, PWR = power, GND = ground

41 40 39 38 36 34 33 32 31 29 28 27 26 24 23 22

74 73 72 71 69 68 67 66 64 62 61 60 58 57 56 55

I/O/Z

O/Z

Parallel data bus D15 [most significant bit (MSB)] through D0 [least significant bit (LSB)]. D15–D0 are multiplexed to transfer data between the TMS320C2xx and external data/program memory or I/O devices. Placed in the high-impedance state when not outputting (R/W go into the high-impedance state when OFF

Parallel address bus A15 (MSB) through A0 (LSB). A15–A0 are multiplexed to address external data/program memory or I/O devices. These signals go into the high-impedance state when OFF low.

MEMORY CONTROL SIGNALS

Program-select signal. PS is always high unless low-level asserted for communicating to off-chip program space. PS

Data-select signal. DS is always high unless low-level asserted for communicating to off-chip program space. DS

I/O space-select signal. IS is always high unless low-level asserted for communicating to I/O ports. IS goes into the high-impedance state when OFF is active low.

Data-ready input. READY indicates that an external device is prepared for the bus transaction to be completed. If the external device is not ready (READY low), the TMS320C203 waits one cycle and checks READY again. If READY is not used, it should be pulled high.

Read/write signal. R/W indicates transfer direction when communicating to an external device. R/W is normally in read mode (high), unless low level is asserted for performing a write operation. R/W the high-impedance state when OFF

Read-select indicates an active, external read cycle and can connect directly to the output enable (OE) of external devices. RD high-impedance state when OFF

Write enable. The falling edge of WE indicates that the device is driving the external data bus (D15–D0). Data can be latched by an external device on the rising edge of WE data, and I/O writes. WE

goes into the high-impedance state when OFF is active low.

is active on all external program, data, and I/O reads. RD goes into the

goes into the high-impedance state when OFF is active low.

TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

high) or RS when asserted. They

is active low.

is active

goes into

is active low.

. WE is active on all external program,

POST OFFICE BOX 1443 • HOUSTON, TEXAS 77251–1443

TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

TYPE

†

DESCRIPTION

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

TMS320C203 and TMS320LC203 Terminal Functions (Continued)

TERMINAL

NAME NO.

MEMORY CONTROL SIGNALS (CONTINUED)

STRB 46 O/Z

BR 43 O/Z

HOLDA 6 O/Z

XF 98 O/Z

BIO 99 I IO0

IO1 IO2 IO3

RS 100 I

TEST 1 I Reserved input pin. TEST is connected to VSS for normal operation. BOOT 2 I

NMI 17 I

HOLD/INT1 18 I

INT2 INT3

TOUT 92 O

CLKOUT1 15 O/Z

CLKIN/X2 X1

DIV1 DIV2

†

I = input, O = output, Z = high impedance, PWR = power, GND = ground

96 97

19 20

12 13

I/O/Z

8 9

3 5

Strobe signal. STRB is always high unless asserted low to indicate an external bus cycle. STRB goes into the high-impedance state when OFF

MULTI-PROCESSING SIGNALS

Bus-request signal. BR is asserted when a global data-memory access is initiated. BR goes into the high-impedance state when OFF

Hold-acknowledge signal. HOLDA indicates to the external circuitry that the processor is in a hold state and that the address, data, and memory control lines are in the high-impedance state so that they are available to the external circuitry for access of local memory. HOLDA active low.

External flag output (latched software-programmable signal). XF is used for signalling other processors in multiprocessing configurations or as a general-purpose output pin. XF goes into the high-impedance state when OFF

Branch control input. When polled by the BIOZ instruction, if BIO is low, the TMS320C203 executes a branch. If BIO

Software-controlled input/output pins by way of the asynchronous serial-port control register (ASPCR). At reset, IO0–IO3 are configured as inputs. These pins can be used as general-purpose input/output pins or as handshake control for the UART. IO0–IO3 go into the high-impedance state when OFF

Reset input. RS causes the TMS320C203 to terminate execution and forces the program counter to zero. When RS various registers and status bits.

Microprocessor-mode-select pin. When BOOT is high, the device accesses off-chip memory. If BOOT is low , the on-chip boot-loader transfers data from external global data space to external RAM program space.

Nonmaskable interrupt. NMI is an external interrupt that cannot be masked by way of the interrupt-mode bit (INTM) or the interrupt mask register (IMR). When NMI vector location. If NMI

HOLD and INT1 share the same pin. Both are treated as interrupt signals. If the MODE bit is 0 in the interrupt-control register (ICR), hold logic can be implemented in combination with the IDLE instruction in software. At reset, the MODE bit in ICR is zero, enabling the HOLD mode for the pin.

External user interrupts. INT2 and INT3 are prioritized and maskable by the IMR and the INTM. INT2 and INT3 can be polled and reset by way of the interrupt flag register (IFR). If these signals are not used, they should

be pulled high.

Timer output. TOUT signals a pulse when the on-chip timer counts down past zero. The pulse is one CLKOUT1-cycle wide. TOUT goes into the high-impedance state when OFF

Master clock ouput signal. The CLKOUT1 high pulse signifies the logic phase while the low pulse signifies the latch phase.

Input clock. CLKIN/X2 is the input clock to the device. As CLKIN, the pin operates as the external oscillator

clock input, and as X2, the pin operates as the internal oscillator input with X1 being the internal oscillator

output. DIV1 and DIV2 provide clock-mode inputs.

DIV1–DIV2 should not be changed unless the RS

is active low.

is not used, it should be pulled high.

INITIALIZATION, INTERRUPTS, AND RESET OPERATIONS

is brought high, execution begins at location 0 of program memory after 16 cycles. RS affects

is not used, it should be pulled high.

OSCILLATOR, PLL, AND TIMER SIGNALS

is active low.

goes into the high-impedance state when OFF is

is activated, the processor traps to the appropriate

signal is active.

is active low.

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TYPE

†

DESCRIPTION

TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

TMS320C203 and TMS320LC203 Terminal Functions (Continued)

TERMINAL

NAME NO.

OSCILLATOR, PLL, AND TIMER SIGNALS (CONTINUED)

PLL5V 10 I

CLKX 87 I/O

CLKR 84 I/O

FSR 85 I/O

FSX 89 I/O

DR 86 I Serial-data receive input. Serial data is received in the receive shift register (RSR) through the DR pin. DX 90 O TX 93 O Asynchronous transmit pin

RX 95 I Asynchronous receive pin

TRST 79 I

TCK 78 I

TMS 81 I JTAG test-mode select. TMS is clocked into the TAP controller on the rising edge of TCK. TDI 80 I JTAG test-data input. TDI is clocked into the selected register (instruction or data) on a rising edge of TCK.

TDO 82 O/Z

EMU0 76 I/O/Z

EMU1/OFF 77 I/O/Z

†

I = input, O = output, Z = high impedance, PWR = power, GND = ground

PLL operating at 5 V. When the device is operating at 5 V, PLL5V should be tied high. When the device is operating at 3.3 V, PLL5V should be tied low.

SERIAL PORT AND UART SIGNALS

Transmit clock. CLKX is a clock signal for clocking data from the transmit shift register (XSR) to the DX data-transmit pin. The CLKX can be an input if the MCM bit in the synchronous serial-port control register (SSPCR) is set to 0. CLKX can also be driven by the device at one-half of the CLKOUT1 frequency when MCM = 1. If the serial port is not being used, CLKX goes into the high-impedance state when OFF low. Value at reset is as an input.

Receive-clock input. External clock signal for clocking data from the DR (data-receive) pin into the serial-port receive shift register (RSR). CLKR must be present during serial-port transfers. If the serial port is not being used, CLKR can be sampled as an input by the IN0 bit of the SSPCR.

Frame synchronization pulse for receive input. The falling edge of the FSR pulse initiates the data-receive process, beginning the clocking of the RSR. FSR goes into the high-impedance state when OFF

Frame synchronization pulse for transmit input/ouput. The falling edge of the FSX pulse initiates the data-transmit process, beginning the clocking of the serial-port transmit shift register (XSR). Following reset, FSX is an input. FSX can be selected by software to be an output when the TXM bit in the SSPCR is set to

1. FSX goes into the high-impedance state when OFF

Serial-port transmit output. Serial data is transmitted from the transmit shift register (XSR) through the DX pin. DX is in the high-impedance state when OFF

TEST SIGNALS

IEEE Standard 1149.1 (JTAG) test reset. TRST, when active high, gives the scan system control of the operations of the device. If TRST and the test signals are ignored.

If the TRST

JTAG test clock. TCK is normally a free-running clock signal with a 50% duty cycle. The changes on the test-access port (TAP) input signals (TMS and TDI) are clocked into the TAP controller , instruction register , or selected test-data register on the rising edge of TCK. Changes at the TAP output signal (TDO) occur on the falling edge of TCK.

JTAG test-data output. The contents of the selected register (instruction or data) are shifted out of TDO on the falling edge of TCK. TDO is in the high-impedance state except when the scanning of data is in progress.

Emulator pin 0. When TRST is driven low, EMU0 must be high for activation of the OFF condition. When TRST is driven high, EMU0 is used as an interrupt to or from the emulator system and is defined as an input/output through the JTAG scan.

Emulator pin 1. Emulator pin 1 disables all outputs. When TRST is driven high, EMU1/OFF is used as an interrupt to or from the emulator system and is defined as an input/output through the JT AG scan. When TRST is driven low, this pin is configured as OFF. EMU1/OFF, when active low, puts all output drivers in the high-impedance state. Note that OFF multiprocessing applications). Therefore, for the OFF TRST EMU0 = 1 EMU/OFF

pin is not driven, an external pulldown resistor must be used.

= 0

is not connected or driven low, the device operates in its functional mode,

is active low.

is used exclusively for testing and emulation purposes (not for

is active low.

condition, the following apply:

is active

is active low.

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TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

TYPE

†

DESCRIPTION

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

TMS320C203 and TMS320LC203 Terminal Functions (Continued)

TERMINAL

NAME NO.

SUPPLY PINS

7 11 16

†

I = input, O = output, Z = high impedance, PWR = power, GND = ground

35 50 63 75 91

14 21 25 30 37 42 48 54 59 65 70 83 88 94

PWR Power

GND Ground

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TYPE

†

DESCRIPTION

TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

TMS320C209 Terminal Functions

TERMINAL

NAME NO.

ADDRESS AND DATA BUSES

D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

PS 65 O/Z

DS 63 O/Z

‡

READY 7 I

‡

R/W

STRB 67 O/Z

RD 78 O/Z

†

I = input, O = output, Z = high impedance, PWR = power, GND = ground

‡

, R/W, and the data bus are visible at the pins, while accessing internal I/O-mapped registers (for ’C209 devices only).

11 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 31

60 59 58 57 55 54 53 52 49 48 46 45 44 43 42 39

64 O/Z

66 O/Z

I/O/Z

O/Z

Parallel data bus D15 (MSB) through D0 (LSB). D15–D0 are multiplexed to transfer data between the core CPU and external data/program memory or I/O devices. D15–D0 are placed in the high-impedance state when not outputting or when RS is active low.

Parallel address bus A15 (MSB) through A0 (LSB). A15–A0 are multiplexed to address external data/program memory or I/O devices. These signals go into the high-impedance state when OFF active low.

MEMORY CONTROL SIGNALS

Program-select signal. PS is always high unless low-level asserted for communicating to off-chip program space. PS

Data-select signal. DS is always high unless low-level asserted for communicating to off-chip program space. DS

I/O-space-select signal. IS is always high unless low-level asserted for communicating to I/O ports. IS goes into the high-impedance state when OFF is active low.

Data-ready input. READY indicates that an external device is prepared for the bus transaction to be completed. If READY is low, the TMS320C209 waits one cycle and checks READY again. If READY is not used, it should be pulled high.

Strobe signal. STRB is always high unless asserted low to indicate an external bus cycle. STRB goes into the high-impedance state when OFF

Read-select. RD indicates an active, external read cycle and can connect directly to the output enable (OE high-impedance state when OFF

goes into the high-impedance state when OFF is active low.

) of external devices. RD is active on all external program, data, and I/O reads. RD goes into the

goes into the high-impedance state when OFF is active low.

is asserted. They also go into the high-impedance state when OFF

is active low.

goes

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TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

TYPE

†

DESCRIPTION

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

TMS320C209 Terminal Functions (Continued)

TERMINAL

NAME NO.

MEMORY CONTROL SIGNALS (CONTINUED)

Write enable. The falling edge of WE indicates that the device is driving the external data bus (D15–D0).

WE 62 O/Z

RAMEN 37 I RAM enable. RAMEN enables the 4K × 16 words of on-chip RAM.

BR 68 O/Z

BIO 9 I

XF 75 O/Z

IACK 79 O/Z

INT1 INT2 INT3

NMI 36 I

RS RS

MP/MC 10 I

CLKOUT1 77 O/Z

CLKMOD 74 I

CLKIN/X2 X1

TOUT 72 O PLL5V 38 I PLL operating at 5 V. When PLL5V is operating at 5 V, PLL5V should be strapped high.

RES1 40 I Reserved input pin. Do not connect to RES1.

†

I = input, O = output, Z = high impedance, PWR = power, GND = ground

33 34 35

69 70

4 6

Data can be latched by an external device on the rising edge of WE data, and I/O writes. WE

MULTIPROCESSING SIGNALS

Bus-request signal. BR is asserted during access of external global data-memory space. BR can be used to extend the data memory address space by up to 32K words. BR state when OFF

Branch control input. BIO is polled by BIOZ instruction. If BIO is low, the TMS320C209 executes a branch. If BIO

External flag output (latched software-programmable signal). XF is used for signaling other processors in multiprocessing configurations or as a general-purpose output pin.

Interrupt-acknowledge signal. IACK indicates receipt of an interrupt and that the program counter is fetching the interrupt vector location designated by A15–A0. IACK state when OFF

INITIALIZATION, INTERRUPT, AND RESET OPERATIONS

External-user interrupts. INT1–INT3 are prioritized and maskable by the interrupt-mask register and the

interrupt-mode bit. If INT1 Nonmaskable interrupt. NMI is an external interrupt that cannot be masked through the INTM or the IMR.

When NMI be pulled high.

Reset input. RS and RS cause the TMS320C209 to terminate execution and force the program counter to 0. When RS

affects various registers and status bits. Microprocessor/microcontroller-mode-select pin. If MP/MC is low, the on-chip ROM is mapped into

program space. When MP/MC

Master clock output signal. CLKOUT1 cycles at the machine-cycle rate of the CPU. The internal machine cycle is bounded by the rising edges of CLKOUT1. CLKOUT1 goes into the high-impedance state when OFF

is active low.

Clock-input mode. CLKMOD (when high) enables the clock doubler and phase-locked loop (PLL) on the clock input signal. If the internal oscillator is not used, X1 should be left unconnected.

Input clock. CLKIN/X2 is the input clock to the device. As CLKIN, the pin operates as the external

oscillator clock input, and as X2, the pin operates as the internal oscillator input with X1 being the internal oscillator output.

Timer output. TOUT signals a pulse when the on-chip timer counts down past zero. The pulse is one CLKOUT1-cycle wide.

is not used, it should be pulled high.

is activated, the processor traps to the appropriate vector location. If NMI is not used, it should

is brought high, execution begins at location 0 of program memory after 16 cycles. RS

OSCILLATOR/TIMER SIGNALS CLKIN1/2

goes into the high-impedance state when OFF is active low.

is active low.

–INT3 are not used, they should be pulled high.

is high, the device accesses off-chip memory.

. WE is active on all external program,

goes into the high-impedance

also goes into the high-impedance

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TYPE

†

DESCRIPTION

TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

TMS320C209 Terminal Functions (Continued)

TERMINAL

NAME NO.

TEST SIGNALS

JTAG test clock. TCK is normally a free-running clock signal with a 50% duty cycle. The changes on

TCK 8 I

TDI 5 I

TDO 71 O/Z

TMS 32 I JTAG test mode-select. TMS is clocked into the TAP controller on the rising edge of TCK.

TRST 80 I

EMU0 EMU1/OFF

†

I = input, O = output, Z = high impedance, PWR = power, GND = ground

15 50 51 76

12 21 22 29 41 47 56 61 73

2 3

I/O/Z

PWR Power

GND Ground

test-access port (TAP) input signals (TMS and TDI) are clocked into the TAP controller, instruction register, or selected test-data register on the rising edge of TCK. Changes at the T AP output signal (TDO) occur on the falling edge of TCK.

JTAG test data input. TDI is clocked into the selected register (instruction or data) on a rising edge of TCK.

JTAG test data output. The contents of the selected register (instruction or data) are shifted out of TDO on the falling edge of TCK. TDO is in the high-impedance state except when scanning of data is in progress. TDO goes into the high-impedance state when OFF

JTAG test reset. TRST, when active high, gives the JTAG scan system control of the operations of the device. If TRST signals are ignored.

Emulator pin 0. When TRST is driven low, EMU0 must be high for activation of the OFF condition. When TRST

is driven high, EMU0 is used as an interrupt to or from the emulator system and is defined as an

input/output through the JTAG scan.

Emulator pin 1. EMU1 disables all outputs. When TRST to or from the emulator system and is defined as input/output by way of JTAG scan. When TRST low, this pin is configured as OFF ance state.

is not connected or driven low, the device operates in its functional mode, and the JT AG

. EMU1/OFF , when active low, puts all output drivers in the high-imped-

SUPPLY PINS

is active low.

is driven high, EMU1/OFF is used as an interrupt

is driven

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TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

functional block diagram of the ’C2xx internal hardware

DIV1 DIV2

IS DS PS

R/W

STRB

READY

†

HOLD

†

HOLDA

BOOT/MP/MC

INT[3:1]

A15–A0

D15–D0

Timer

TOUT

I/O PINS

CLKX

FSX

FSR

CLKR

†

Not available on all devices (see Table 2).

TCR

PRD

TIM

ASP

ADTR

IOSR

BRD

SSP

SSPCR

SDTR

Reserved

I/O-Mapped Registers

†

Data Bus

Memory Map

GREG (16)

IFR (16)

NOTES: A. Symbol descriptions appear in Table 3.

B. For clarity, the data and program buses are shown as single buses although they include address and data bits.

Control

MUXMUX

ARP(3)

ARB(3)

MUX

Data/Prog SARAM

MUX

X1 CLKOUT1 CLKIN/X2

RD WE NMI

†

MUX

Data/Prog

DARAM

B0 (256x16)

MUX

Instruction

ROM/FLASH

Address

AR0(16) AR1(16) AR2(16) AR3(16) AR4(16) AR5(16) AR6(16) AR7(16)

ARAU(16)

†

MUX

NPAR

PAR MSTACK

DP(9)

MUX

Data

DARAM

B2 (32x16)

B1 (256x16)

Program Bus

MUX

Stack 8 x16

7 LSB from IR

MUX

ISCALE (0–16)

Program Control

(PCTRL)

PSCALE (–6,0,1,4)

CALU(32)

ACCL(16)ACCH(16)C

OSCALE (0–7)

Data Bus

TREG0(16)

Multiplier

PREG(32)

MUX

3232

MUX

Data Bus

1616

Program Bus

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Table 3. Legend for the ’C2xx Internal Hardware Functional Block Diagram

SYMBOL NAME DESCRIPTION

ACC Accumulator

ARAU

AUX REGS

BR Bus Register Signal

C Carry

CALU

CNF

GREG

IMR

IFR

INTM Interrupt-Mode Bit INT# Interrupt Traps A total of 32 interrupts by way of hardware and/or software are available. ISCALE

MPY Multiplier

MSTACK Micro Stack MUX Multiplexer Multiplexes buses to a common input NPAR

OSCALE

PAR Program Address

PC Program Counter PCTRL Program Controller PCTRL decodes instruction, manages the pipeline, stores status, and decodes conditional operations. PM

PRDB

Auxiliary Register Arithmetic Unit

Auxiliary Registers 0–7

Central Arithmetic Logic Unit

On-Chip RAM Configuration Control Bit

Global Memory Allocation Register

Interrupt Mask Register

Interrupt Flag Register

Input Data-Scaling Shifter

Next Program Address

Output Data-Scaling Shifter

Product Shift-Mode Register Bits

Program-Read Data Bus

32-bit register that stores the results and provides input for subsequent CALU operations. Also includes shift and rotate capabilities

An unsigned, 16-bit arithmetic unit used to calculate indirect addresses using the auxiliary registers as inputs and outputs

These 16-bit registers are used as pointers to anywhere within the data space address range. They are operated upon by the ARAU and are selected by the auxiliary register pointer (ARP). AR0 can also be used as an index value for AR updates of more than one and as a compare value to AR.

BR is asserted during access of the external global data memory space. READY is asserted to the device when the global data memory is available for the bus transaction. BR memory address space by up to 32K words.

Register carry output from CALU. C is fed back into the CALU for extended arithmetic operation. The C bit resides in status register 1 (ST1), and can be tested in conditional instructions. C is also used in accumulator shifts and rotates.

32-bit-wide main arithmetic logic unit for the TMS320C2xx core. The CALU executes 32-bit operations in a single machine cycle. CALU operates on data coming from ISCALE or PSCALE with data from ACC, and provides status results to PCTRL.

If set to 0, the reconfigurable data dual-access RAM (DARAM) blocks are mapped to data space; otherwise, they are mapped to program space.

GREG specifies the size of the global data memory space.

IMR individually masks or enables the seven interrupts. The 7-bit IFR indicates that the TMS320C2xx has latched an interrupt from one of the seven maskable

interrupts. When INTM is set to 0, all unmasked interrupts are enabled. When INTM is set to 1, all maskable interrupts

are disabled.

16 to 32-bit barrel left-shifter. ISCALE shifts incoming 16-bit data 0 to16 positions left, relative to the 32-bit output within the fetch cycle; therefore, no cycle overhead is required for input scaling operations.

16 × 16-bit multiplier to a 32-bit product. MPY executes multiplication in a single cycle. MPY operates either signed or unsigned 2s-complement arithmetic multiply.

MSTACK provides temporary storage for the address of the next instruction to be fetched when program address-generation logic is used to generate sequential addresses in data space.

NPAR holds the program address to be driven out on the PAB on the next cycle. 16-bit to 32-bit barrel left shifter. OSCALE shifts the 32-bit accumulator output 0 to 7 bits left for quantization

management and outputs either the 16-bit high- or low-half of the shifted 32-bit data to DWEB. PAR holds the address currently being driven on P AB for as many cycles as it takes to complete all memory

operations scheduled for the current machine cycle. PC increments the value from NPAR to provide sequential addresses for instruction-fetching and sequential

data-transfer operations.

These two bits identify which of the four product-shift modes (–6, 0, 1, 4) are used by PSCALE. PM resides in ST1. See Table 7.

16-bit bus for program space read data. PRDB is driven by the memories or the logic interface.

can be used to extend the data

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Table 3. Legend for the ’C2xx Internal Hardware Functional Block Diagram (Continued)

SYMBOL NAME DESCRIPTION

PREG Product Register 32-bit register holds results of 16 × 16 multiply.

0-, 1- or 4-bit left shift, or 6-bit right shift of multiplier product. The left-shift options are used to manage the

PSCALE

TREG

SSPCR

SDTR

TCR

PRD

TIM

UART

ASPCR

ADTR

IOSR BRD Baud-Rate Divisor Used to set the baud rate of the UART

ST0 ST1

STACK Stack

Product-Scaling Shifter

Temporary Register

Synchronous Serial-Port Control Register

Synchronous Serial-Port Transmit and Receive Register

Timer-Control Register

Timer-Period Register

Timer-Counter Register

Universal Asynchronous Receive/Transmit

Asynchronous Serial-Port Control Register

Asynchronous Data Register

I/O Status Register

Status Register

additional sign bits resulting from the 2s-complement multiply. The right-shift option is used to scale down the number to manage overflow of product accumulation in the CALU. PSCALE resides in the path from the 32-bit product shifter and from either the CALU or the Data-Write Address Bus (DWEB), and requires no cycle overhead.

16-bit register holds one of the operands for the multiply operations. TREG holds the dynamic shift count for the LACT, ADDT, and SUBT instructions. TREG holds the dynamic bit position for the BITT instruction.

SSPCR is the control register for selecting the serial port’s mode of operation.

SDTR is the data-transmit and data-receive register.

TCR contains the control bits that define the divide-down ratio, start/stop the timer, and reload the period. Also contained in TCR is the current count in the prescaler. Reset initializes the timer-divide-down ratio to 0 and starts the timer.

PRD contains the 16-bit period that is loaded into the timer counter when the counter borrows or when the reload bit is activated. Reset initializes the PRD to 0xFFFF.

TIM contains the current 16-bit count of the timer. Reset initializes the TIM to 0xFFFF.

UART is the asynchronous serial port.

ASPCR controls the asynchronous serial-port operation.

Asynchronous data-transmit and data-receive register

IOSR detects current levels (and changes with inputs) on pins IO0–IO3 and the status of UART.

ST0 and ST1 contain the status of various conditions and modes. These registers can be stored in and loaded from data memory , thereby allowing the status of the machine to be saved and restored.

STACK is a block of memory used for storing return addresses for subroutines and interrupt-service routines, or for storing data. The ’C2xx stack is 16-bit wide and eight-level deep.

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architectural overview

The ’C2xx advanced Harvard-type architecture maximizes the processing power by maintaining two separate memory bus structures—program and data—for full-speed execution. This multiple bus structure allows both data and instructions to be read simultaneously . Instructions to be read support data transfers between the two spaces. This architecture permits coefficients that are stored in program memory to be read in RAM, thereby, eliminating the need for a separate coefficient ROM. This, coupled with a four-deep pipeline, allows the TMS320C2xx to execute most instructions in a single cycle.

status and control registers

Two status registers, ST0 and ST1, contain the status of various conditions and modes. These registers can be stored in data memory and loaded from data memory , thereby, allowing the status of the machine to be saved and restored for subroutines.

The load-status-register instruction (LST) is used to write to ST0 and ST1. The store-status-register instruction (SST) is used to read from ST0 and ST1, except for the INTM bit, which is not affected by the LST instruction. The individual bits of these registers can be set or cleared when using the SETC and CLRC instructions. T able 4 and T able 5 show the organization of status registers ST0 and ST1, indicating all status bits contained in each. Several bits in the status registers are reserved and read as logic 1s. Refer to T able 6 for the status register field definitions.

Table 4. Status and Control Register Zero

15 131211109876543210

ST0

ARP

OV OVM 1 INTM DP

Table 5. Status and Control Register One

15 131211109876543210

ST1

ARB

CNF TC SXM C 1 1 1 1 XF 1 1 PM

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status and control registers (continued)

Table 6. Status Register Field Definitions

FIELD FUNCTION

ARB

ARP

CNF

INTM

OVM

SXM

†

See Table 3 for definitions of acronyms and Table 20 for descriptions of opcode instructions.

Auxiliary register pointer buffer . Whenever the ARP is loaded, the old ARP value is copied to the ARB, except during an LST instruction. When the ARB is loaded by way of an LST #1 instruction, the same value is also copied to the ARP.

Auxiliary register pointer. ARP selects the AR to be used in indirect addressing. When the ARP is loaded, the old ARP value is copied to the ARB register. ARP can be modified by memory-reference instructions when using indirect addressing, and by the LARP, MAR, and LST instructions. The ARP is also loaded with the same value as ARB when an LST #1 instruction is executed.

Carry bit. C is set to 1 if the result of an addition generates a carry; it is reset to 0 if the result of a subtraction generates a borrow. Otherwise, C is reset after an addition or set after a subtraction, except when the instruction is ADD or SUB with a 16-bit shift. In these cases, the ADD can only set and the SUB can only reset the carry bit, but cannot affect it otherwise. The single-bit shift and rotate instructions also affect C, as well as the SETC, CLRC, and LST #1 instructions. Branch instructions have been provided to branch on the status of C. C is set to 1 on a reset.

On-chip RAM configuration control bit. If CNF is set to 0, the reconfigurable data DARAM blocks are mapped to data space; otherwise, they are mapped to program space. The CNF can be modified by the SETC CNF, CLRC CNF, and LST #1 instructions. RS

Data-memory page pointer. The 9-bit DP register is concatenated with the seven LSBs of an instruction word to form a direct memory address of 16 bits. DP can be modified by the LST and LDP instructions.

Interrupt-mode bit. When INTM is set to 0, all unmasked interrupts are enabled. When INTM is set to 1, all maskable interrupts are disabled. INTM is set and reset by the SETC INTM and CLRC INTM instructions. RS no effect on the unmaskable RS by reset. It is also set to 1 when a maskable interrupt trap is taken.

Overflow-flag bit. As a latched overflow signal, OV is set to 1 when overflow occurs in the ALU. Once an overflow occurs, the OV remains set until a reset, BCND/D on OV/NOV, or LST instruction clears OV.

Overflow-mode bit. When OVM is set to 0, overflowed results overflow normally in the accumulator. When OVM is set to 1, the accumulator is set to either its most positive or negative value upon encountering an overflow. The SETC and CLRC instructions set and reset this bit, respectively. LST can also be used to modify the OVM.

Product-shift-mode bits. If these two bits are 00, the multiplier’s 32-bit product is loaded into the ALU with no shift. If PM = 01, the product register (PREG) output is left-shifted one place and loaded into the ALU, with the LSB zero-filled. If PM = 10, the PREG output is left-shifted by 4 bits and loaded into the ALU, with the LSBs zero-filled. PM = 11 produces a right shift of 6 bits, sign-extended. Note that the PREG contents remain unchanged. The shift takes place when transferring the contents of the PREG to the ALU. PM is loaded by the SPM and LST #1 instructions. PM is cleared by RS

Sign-extension mode bit. SXM = 1 produces sign-extension on data as it is passed into the accumulator through the scaling shifter. SXM = 0 suppresses sign-extension. SXM does not af fect the definitions of certain instructions; for example, the ADDS instruction suppresses sign-extension regardless of SXM. SXM is set by the SETC SXM instruction, reset by the CLRC SXM instruction, and can be loaded by the LST #1 instruction. SXM is set to 1 by reset.

T est/control flag bit. TC is affected by the BIT, BITT , CMPR, LST #1, and NORM instructions. TC is set to a 1 if a bit tested by BIT or BITT is a 1, if a compare condition tested by CMPR exists between AR (ARP) and AR0, or if the exclusive-OR function of the two MSBs of the accumulator is true when tested by a NORM instruction. The conditional branch, call, and return instructions can execute based on the condition of TC.

XF pin status bit. XF indicates the state of the XF pin, a general-purpose output pin. XF is set by the SETC XF and reset by the CLRC XF instructions. XF is set to 1 by reset.

sets the CNF to 0.

and NMI interrupts. Note that INTM is unaffected by the LST instruction. This bit is set to 1

†

and IACK also set INTM. INTM has

central processing unit

The TMS320C2xx central processing unit (CPU) contains a 16-bit scaling shifter, a 16 × 16-bit parallel multiplier , a 32-bit central arithmetic logic unit (CALU), a 32-bit accumulator, and additional shifters at the outputs of both the accumulator and the multiplier. This section describes the CPU components and their functions. The functional block diagram shows the components of the CPU.

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input scaling shifter

The TMS320C2xx provides a scaling shifter with a 16-bit input connected to the data bus and a 32-bit output connected to the CALU. This shifter operates as part of the path of data coming from program or data space to the CALU and requires no cycle overhead. It is used to align the 16-bit data coming from memory to the 32-bit CALU. This is necessary for scaling arithmetic as well as aligning masks for logical operations.

The scaling shifter produces a left shift of 0 to 16 on the input data. The LSBs of the output are filled with zeros; the MSBs can be either filled with zeros or sign-extended, depending upon the value of the SXM bit (sign-extension mode) of status register ST1. The shift count is specified by a constant embedded in the instruction word or by a value in the temporary register (TREG). The shift count in the instruction allows for specific scaling or alignment operations specific to that point in the code. The TREG base shift allows the scaling factor to be adaptable to the system’s performance.

multiplier

The TMS320C2xx uses a 16 × 16-bit hardware multiplier that is capable of computing a signed or an unsigned 32-bit product in a single machine cycle. All multiply instructions, except the MPYU (multiply unsigned) instruction, perform a signed multiply operation. That is, two numbers being multiplied are treated as 2s-complement numbers, and the result is a 32-bit 2s-complement number. There are two registers associated with the multiplier: a 16-bit temporary register (TREG) that holds one of the operands for the multiplier, and a 32-bit product register (PREG) that holds the product.

Four product-shift modes (PM) are available at the PREG’s output (PSCALE). These shift modes are useful for performing multiply/accumulate operations, performing fractional arithmetic, or justifying fractional products. The PM field of status register ST1 specifies the PM shift mode, as shown in Table 7.

Table 7. PSCALE Product-Shift Modes

PM SHIFT DESCRIPTION

00 no shift Product feed to CALU or data bus with no shift 01 left 1 Removes the extra sign bit generated in a 2s-complement multiply to produce a Q31 product 10 left 4 Removes the extra four sign bits generated in a 16 × 13 2s-complement multiply to a produce a Q31

11 right 6 Scales the product to allow up to 128 product accumulations without the possibility of accumulator overflow

product when using the multiply by a 13-bit constant

The product can be shifted one bit to compensate for the extra sign bit gained in multiplying two 16-bit 2s-complement numbers (MPY). A 4-bit shift is used in conjunction with the MPY instruction with a short immediate value (13 bits or less) to eliminate the four extra sign bits gained in multiplying a 16-bit number by a 13-bit number. Finally, the output of PREG can be right-shifted 6 bits to enable the execution of up to 128 consecutive multiply/accumulates without the possibility of overflow.

The L T (load TREG) instruction normally loads TREG to provide one operand (from the data bus), and the MPY (multiply) instruction provides the section operand (also from the data bus). A multiplication can also be performed with a 13-bit immediate operand when using the MPY instruction. A product is then obtained every two cycles. When the code is executing multiple multiplies and product sums, the CPU supports the pipelining of the TREG load operations with CALU operations using the previous product. These pipeline operations that run in parallel with loading the TREG include: load ACC with PREG (L TP); add PREG to ACC (L TA); add PREG to ACC and shift TREG input data (DMOV) to next address in data memory (L TD); and subtract PREG from ACC (L TS).

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multiplier (continued)

Two multiply/accumulate instructions (MAC and MACD) fully utilize the computational bandwidth of the multiplier, allowing both operands to be processed simultaneously. The data for these operations can be transferred to the multiplier each cycle by way of the program and data buses. This facilitates single-cycle multiply/accumulates when used with the repeat (RPT) instruction. In these instructions, the coefficient addresses are generated by program address generation (PAGEN), while the data addresses are generated by data-address generation (DAGEN). This allows the repeated instruction to sequentially access the values from the coefficient table and step through the data in any of the indirect addressing modes.

The MACD instruction, when repeated, supports filter constructs (weighted running averages) so that as the sum-of-products is executed, the sample data is shifted in memory to make room for the next sample and to throw away the oldest sample.

The MPYU instruction performs an unsigned multiplication, which greatly facilitates extended-precision arithmetic operations. The unsigned contents of TREG are multiplied by the unsigned contents of the addressed data memory location, with the result placed in PREG. This allows the operands of greater than 16 bits to be broken down into 16-bit words and processed separately to generate products of greater than 32 bits. The SQRA (square/add) and SQRS (square/subtract) instructions pass the same value to both inputs of the multiplier for squaring a data-memory value.

After the multiplication of two 16-bit numbers, the 32-bit product is loaded into the 32-bit product register (PREG). The product from PREG can be transferred to the CALU or to data memory by way of the SPH (store product-high register) and the SPL (store product-low register) instructions. Note: the transfer of PREG to either the CALU or data memory passes through the product-scaling shifter (PSCALE) and is therefore affected by the product-shift mode defined by PM bits in the ST1 register. This is important when saving PREG in an interrupt-service-routine-context save as the PSCALE shift effects cannot be modeled in the restore operation. PREG can be cleared by executing the MPY #0 instruction. The product register can be restored by loading the saved low half into TREG and executing the MPY #1 instruction. The high half is then loaded using the LPH instruction.

central arithmetic logic unit

The TMS320C2xx central arithmetic logic unit (CALU) implements a wide range of arithmetic and logical functions, the majority of which execute in a single clock cycle. This arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is referred to as “central” to differentiate it from a second ALU used for indirect-address-generation (called the ARAU). Once an operation is performed in the CALU, the result is transferred to the accumulator (ACC), where additional operations, such as shifting, can occur. Data that is input to the CALU can be scaled by the input data-scaling shifter (ISCALE) when coming from one of the data buses (DRDB or PRDB) or scaled by PSCALE when coming from the multiplier.

The CALU is a general-purpose arithmetic/logic unit that operates on 16-bit words taken from data memory or derived from immediate instructions. In addition to the usual arithmetic instructions, the CALU can perform Boolean operations, facilitating the bit manipulation ability required for a high-speed controller. One input to the CALU is always provided from the accumulator, and the other input can be provided from the product register (PREG) of the multiplier or the output of the scaling shifter (that has been read from data memory or from the ACC). After the CALU has performed the arithmetic or logical operation, the result is stored in the accumulator.

The TMS320C2xx supports floating-point operations for applications requiring a large dynamic range. The NORM (normalization) instruction is used to normalize fixed-point numbers contained in the accumulator by performing left shifts. The four bits of the TREG define a variable shift through the scaling shifter for the LACT/ADDT/SUBT (load/add to/subtract from accumulator with shift specified by TREG) instructions. These instructions are useful in floating-point arithmetic where a number needs to be denormalized—that is, floating-point to fixed-point conversion. They are also useful in the execution of an automatic gain control (AGC) going into a filter. The BITT (bit-test) instruction provides testing of a single bit of a word in data memory based on the value contained in the four LSBs of TREG.

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central arithmetic logic unit (continued)

The CALU overflow-saturation mode can be enabled/disabled by setting/resetting the overflow mode (OVM) bit of ST0. When the CALU is in the overflow-saturation mode and an overflow occurs, the overflow flag is set and the accumulator is loaded with either the most positive or the most negative value representable in the accumulator, depending upon the direction of the overflow. The value of the accumulator upon saturation is 07FFFFFFFh (positive) or 080000000h (negative). If the OVM status register bit is reset and an overflow occurs, the overflowed results are loaded into the accumulator with modification. (Note that logical operations cannot result in overflow.)

The CALU can execute a variety of branch instructions that depend on the status of the CALU and the accumulator. These instructions can be executed conditionally, based on any meaningful combination of these status bits. For overflow management, these conditions include the OV (branch on overflow) and EQ (branch on accumulator equal to zero). In addition, the BACC (branch to address in accumulator) instruction provides the ability to branch to an address specified by the accumulator (computed goto). Bit-test instructions (BIT and BITT), which do not affect the accumulator, allow the testing of a specified bit of a word in data memory.

The CALU also has a carry bit that is set or reset depending on various operations within the device. The carry bit allows more efficient computation of extended-precision products and additions or subtractions. It is also useful in overflow management. The carry bit is affected by most arithmetic instructions as well as the single-bit shift and rotate instructions. It is not affected by accumulator loads, logical operations, or other such non-arithmetic or control instructions.

Additions to and subtractions from the accumulator: C = 0: When the result of a subtraction generates a borrow.

When the result of an addition does not generate a carry . (Exception: When the ADD instruction is used with a shift of 16 and no carry is generated, the ADD instruction has no effect on C.)

C = 1: When the result of an addition generates a carry.

When the result of a subtraction does not generate a borrow. (Exception: When the SUB instruction is used with a shift of 16 and no borrow is generated, the SUB instruction has no effect on C.)

Single-bit shifts and rotations of the accumulator value. During a left shift or rotation, the most significant

bit of the accumulator is passed to C; during a right shift or rotation, the least significant bit is passed to C. Note: the carry bit is set to “1” on a hardware reset. The ADDC (add to accumulator with carry) and SUBB (subtract from accumulator with borrow) instructions

provide the use of the previous value of carry in their addition/subtraction operation. The one exception to the operation of the carry bit is in the use of ADD with a shift count of 16 (add to high

accumulator) and SUB with a shift count of 16 (subtract from high accumulator) instructions. This case of the ADD instruction can set the carry bit only if a carry is generated, and this case of the SUB instruction can reset the carry bit only if a borrow is generated; otherwise, neither instruction affects it.

Two conditional operands, C and NC, are provided for branching, calling, returning, and conditionally executing based upon the status of the carry bit. The SETC, CLRC, and LST #1 instructions also can be used to load the carry bit. The carry bit is set to one on a hardware reset.

accumulator

The 32-bit accumulator is the registered output of the CALU. It can be split into two 16-bit segments for storage in data memory. Shifters at the output of the accumulator provide a left shift of 0 to 7 places. This shift is performed while the data is being transferred to the data bus for storage. The contents of the accumulator remain unchanged. When the post-scaling shifter is used on the high word of the accumulator (bits 16–31), the MSBs are lost and the LSBs are filled with bits shifted in from the low word (bits 0–15). When the post-scaling shifter is used on the low word, the LSBs are zero-filled.

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accumulator (continued)

The SFL and SFR (in-place one-bit shift to the left/right) instructions and the ROL and ROR (rotate to the left/right) instructions implement shifting or rotating of the accumulator contents through the carry bit. The SXM status register bit affects the definition of the SFR (shift accumulator right) instruction. When SXM = 1, SFR performs an arithmetic right shift, maintaining the sign of the accumulator data. When SXM = 0, SFR performs a logical shift, shifting out the LSBs and shifting in a zero for the MSB. The SFL (shift accumulator left) instruction is not affected by the SXM bit and behaves the same in both cases, shifting out the MSB and shifting in a zero. RPT (repeat) instructions can be used with the shift and rotate instructions for multiple-bit shifts.

auxiliary registers and auxiliary-register arithmetic unit (ARAU)

The ’C2xx provides a register file containing eight auxiliary registers (AR0–AR7). The auxiliary registers are used for indirect addressing of the data memory or for temporary data storage. Indirect auxiliary-register addressing allows placement of the data memory address of an instruction operand into one of the auxiliary registers. These registers are referenced with a 3-bit auxiliary register pointer (ARP) that is loaded with a value from 0 through 7, designated AR0 through AR7, respectively . The auxiliary registers and the ARP can be loaded from data memory, the ACC, the product register, or by an immediate operand defined in the instruction. The contents of these registers can also be stored in data memory or used as inputs to the CALU.

The auxiliary register file is connected to the ARAU. The ARAU can autoindex the current auxiliary register while the data memory location is being addressed. Indexing either by ±1 or by the contents of AR0 can be performed. As a result, accessing tables of information does not require the CALU for address manipulation; therefore, the CALU is free for other operations in parallel.

memory

The ’C2xx implements three separate address spaces for program memory , data memory, and I/O. Each space accommodates a total of 64K 16-bit words. Within the 64K words of data space, the 256 to 32K words at the top of the address range can be defined to be external global memory in increments of powers of two, as specified by the contents of the global memory allocation register. Access to global memory is arbitrated using the global memory bus request (BR

On the ’C2xx, the first 96 (0–5Fh) data memory locations are allocated for memory-mapped registers or are reserved. This memory-mapped register space contains various control and status registers including those for the CPU.

When using on-chip RAM, or high-speed external memory , the ’C2xx runs at full speed with no wait states. The ability of the DARAM to allow two accesses to be performed in one cycle, coupled with the parallel nature of the ’C2xx architecture, enables the device to perform three concurrent memory accesses in any given machine cycle. Externally , the READY line can be used to interface the ’C2xx to slower, less expensive external memory . Downloading programs from slow off-chip memory to on-chip RAM can speed processing while cutting system costs.

The ’C2xx DARAM allows writes to and reads from the RAM in the same cycle without the address restrictions of the SARAM. The DARAM is configured in three blocks: block 0 (B0), block 1 (B1), and block 2 (B2). Block 1 consists of 256 words in data memory and block 2 consists of 32 words in data memory. Block 0 is a 256-word block that can be configured as data or program memory . The SETC CNF (configure B0 as program memory) and CLRC CNF (configure B0 as data memory) instructions allow dynamic configuration of the memory maps through software. When using Block 0 as program memory , instructions can be downloaded from external program memory into on-chip RAM and then executed.

) signal.

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memory (continued)

TMS320C209 (only)

The mask-programmable ROM is located in program memory space. Customers can arrange to have this ROM programmed with contents unique to any particular application. The ROM is enabled or disabled by the state of the MP/MC when enabled. When disabled, these addresses are located in the device’s external program memory space.

The ’C209 devices provide two types of RAM: single-access RAM (SARAM) and dual-access RAM (DARAM). The SARAM requires a full machine cycle to perform a read or a write. However, this is not one large RAM block in which only one access per cycle is allowed. It is made up of 2K-word size-independent RAM blocks and each one allows one CPU access per cycle. The CPU can read or write one block while accessing another block at the same time. The ’C209 processor supports multiple accesses to its SARAM in one cycle as long as they go to different RAM blocks. With an understanding of this structure, code and data can be appropriately arranged to improve code performance.

The TMS320C203 includes three registers mapped to internal data space and peripheral registers mapped to internal I/O space. Figure 1, T able 6, and T able 7 describe these registers and show their respective addresses. They also show the effects of the memory-control pin BOOT respective memory spaces to on-chip or off-chip memory.

control input upon resetting the device. The ROM occupies the lowest block of program memory

and control bit CNF on the mapping of the

Both of the TMS320C2xx devices include 544 × 16 words of dual-access RAM. The ’C209 device includes 4K × 16 words of single-access RAM and 4K × 16 words of ROM integrated with CPU. Figure 1, Table 6, and Table 7 show the mapping of the memory blocks and the appropriate control bits and pins for the ’C203. For the ’C209 devices, Figure 2, Table 8, and Table 9, show the effects of the memory-control pins MP/MC

and

RAMEN, and control bit CNF on the mapping of the respective memory spaces to on-chip or off-chip memory.

Program

Hex

0000

003F

0040

FDFF

FE00

FEFF

FF00

FFFF

Interrupts (External)

External

Reserved (CNF = 1)

External (CNF = 0)

On-Chip DARAM

B0 (CNF = 1)

External (CNF = 0)

BOOT

Microprocessor Mode

= 1

Hex

0000 003F

0040

FDFF

FE00

FEFF

FF00

FFFF

Program

Interrupts (External)

External

Reserved (CNF = 1)

External (CNF = 0)

On-Chip DARAM

B0 (CNF = 1)

External (CNF = 0)

= 0

BOOT

Microprocessor Mode

(Boot-Loader Enabled)

Hex

0000

005F 0060

007F 0080

01FF

0200

02FF

0300

03FF

0400

Memory-Mapped

Registers and

On-Chip DARAM

Reserved (CNF = 1)

Data

Reserved

On-Chip

DARAM B2

Reserved

B0 (CNF = 0)

On-Chip

DARAM B1

Reserved

07FF

FFFF

Figure 1. TMS320C203/LC203 Memory Map

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0800

External

TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

BOOT

CNF

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

memory (continued)

Table 8. TMS320C203/LC203 Memory Map Configurations

ON-CHIP MEMORY OFF-CHIP MEMORY

PROGRAM DATA I/O PROGRAM DATA I/O

0 0 — 0–7FF FF00–FFFF 0000–FFFF 800–FFFF 0–FEFF 0 1 FE00–FFFF 1 0 — 0–7FF FF00–FFFF 0000–FFFF 800–FFFF 0–FEFF 1 1 FE00–FFFF 0–7FF FF00–FFFF 0000–FDFF 800–FFFF 0–FEFF

†

Internal I/O locations 0FFE0h–0FFFFh are dedicated to the timer, serial-port control, wait-state generator registers, and reserved space.

‡

FF00–FF0F are reserved for test purposes and should not be used.

When BOOT

= 0, the on-chip boot-loader at 0xFF00h is enabled. During boot time, memory address FE00–FFFF is reserved.

0–7FF FF00–FFFF 0000–FDFF 800–FFFF 0–FEFF

†

Table 9. TMS320C203/LC203 On-Chip Memory Map

DESCRIPTION OF MEMORY BLOCK

On-chip bootloader FF00–FFFFh low 256 × 16 word dual-access RAM (DARAM) (B0)

256 × 16 word DARAM (B0)

256 × 16 word DARAM (B1) 32 × 16 word DARAM (B2) 0x60–0x7Fh

Each of these address pairs point to the same block of memory.

DATA

ADDRESS

0x100–0x1FFh 0x200–0x2FFh

0x300–0x3FFh 0x400–0x4FFh

¶ ¶

PROG

ADDRESS

0xFE00–0xFEFF

0xFF00–0xFFFF

BOOT

CNF

BIT

‡

bootloader

The bootloader is used to transfer user code from an external global data memory source to program memory automatically at reset. This function is useful for initializing external RAM using external ROM. If the BOOT is sampled low during a hardware reset, a reset vector is internally generated forcing a branch to the on-chip boot ROM at address location FF00h. The code is read in parallel from an 8-bit-wide EPROM and transferred to the 16-bit-wide destination. The maximum size for the EPROM, is 32K words × 8-bits. transferred define the destination address and program length. After the bootload is complete, the ’C203 removes the boot ROM from the memory map. For a detailed description of bootloader functionality, refer to the

TMS320C2xx User’s Guide

The address range 8000h – FEFFh equals 32 512 words.

(literature number SPRU127).

The first four bytes

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memory (continued)

TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

Program

Hex

0000

003F

0040

0FFF

1000

1FFF

2000

FDFF

FE00

FEFF

FF00

FFFF

Interrupts (External)

External

On-Chip SARAM

(RAMEN = 1)

External

(RAMEN = 0)

External

Reserved (CNF = 1)

External (CNF = 0)

On-Chip DARAM

B0 (CNF = 1)

External (CNF = 0)

MP/MC = 1

Microprocessor Mode

Hex

0000

003F 0040

0FFF

1000

1FFF

2000

FDFF

FE00

FEFF

FF00

FFFF

Interrupts (On-Chip)

On-Chip ROM

On-Chip SARAM

(RAMEN = 1)

(RAMEN = 0)

Reserved (CNF = 1)

External (CNF = 0)

On-Chip DARAM

B0 (CNF = 1)

External (CNF = 0)

MP/MC = 0

Microcomputer Mode

Program

External

Hex

0000

005F 0060

007F 0080

01FF

0200

02FF

0300

03FF

0400

07FF

0800

0FFF

1000

1FFF

2000

FFFF

Memory-Mapped

Registers and

On-Chip DARAM

Reserved (CNF = 1)

On-Chip SARAM

Data

Reserved

On-Chip

DARAM B2

Reserved

B0 (CNF = 0)

On-Chip

DARAM B1

Reserved

External

(RAMEN = 0)

Reserved

(RAMEN = 1)

External

(RAMEN = 0)

External

Figure 2. TMS320C209 Memory Map

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TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

MP/MC

RAMEN

CNF

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

memory (continued)

Table 10. TMS320C209 Memory Map Configurations

ON-CHIP OFF-CHIP

PROGRAM DATA I/O PROGRAM DATA I/O

0 1 0 0–1FFF 0–1FFF FFF0–FFFF 2000–FFFF 2000–FFFF 0–FFEF 0 1 1 0 0 0 0–0FFF 0–07FF FFF0–FFFF 1000–FFFF 0800–FFFF 0–FFEF 0 0 1

1 1 0 1000–1FFF 0–1FFF FFF0–FFFF

1 1 1 1 0 0 0–07FF FFF0–FFFF 0–FFFF 0800–FFFF 0–FFEF

1 0 1 FE00–FFFF 0–07FF FFF0–FFFF 0–FDFF 0800–FFFF 0–FFEF

†

Internal I/O locations 0FFF0h–0FFFFh are dedicated to the timer, wait-state generator registers, and reserved space.

‡

FF00–FF0F are reserved for test purposes and should not be used.

0–1FFF

FE00–FFFF

0–0FFF

FE00–FFFF

1000–1FFF FE00–FFFF

0–1FFF FFF0–FFFF 2000–FDFF 2000–FFFF 0–FFEF

0–07FF FFF0–FFFF 1000–FDFF 0800–FFFF 0–FFEF

0–1FFF FFF0–FFFF

†

0–FFF

2000–FFFF

0–FFF

2000–FDFF

‡

2000–FFFF 0–FFEF

Table 11. TMS320C209 On-Chip Memory Map

DESCRIPTION OF MEMORY BLOCK

4K × 16 words of factory-masked ROM 0000–0FFFh low 256 × 16 words DARAM (B0)

256 × 16 words DARAM (B0)

256 × 16 words DARAM (B1) 32 × 16 words DARAM (B2) 0x60–0x7Fh

4096 × 16 words single access RAM (SARAM) 0x1000–0x1FFFh 0x1000–0x1FFFh high

Both of the addresses in each of these address pairs point to the same block of memory.

DATA

ADDRESS

0x100–0x1FFh 0x200–0x2FFh

0x300–0x3FFh 0x400–0x4FFh

PROG

ADDRESS

0xFE00–0xFEFF

0xFF00–0xFFFF

MP/MC

CNF

BIT

RAMEN

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TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

memory (continued)

Table 12 shows the names, addresses, and functional descriptions of the TMS320C203 memory and I/O internally mapped registers.

Table 12. TMS320C203 Memory and I/O Internally Mapped Registers

NAME ADDRESS DESCRIPTION

Interrupt-mask register. IMR individually masks or enables the seven interrupts. Bit 0 shares the external interrupt pins INT1

IMR DS@0004

GREG DS@0005

IFR DS@0006

CLK IS@FFE8

ICR IS@FFEC

SDTR IS@FFF0 Synchronous serial-port (SSP) transmit and receive register SSPCR IS@FFF1 Synchronous serial-port control register ADTR IS@FFF4 Asynchronous serial-port (ASP) transmit and receive register ASPCR IS@FFF5 Asynchronous serial-port control register. ASPCR controls the asynchronous serial port operation. IOSR IS@FFF6 I/O status register. IOSR detects current levels (and changes with inputs) on pins IO0–IO3 and status of UAR T. BRD IS@FFF7 Baud-rate divisor . Used to set baud rate of UART

TCR IS@FFF8

PRD IS@FFF9 TIM IS@FFFA Timer-counter register . TIM contains the current 16-bit count of the timer. Reset initializes the TIM to 0xFFFF. WSGR IS@FFFC

†

During on-chip I/O access, IS

XINT interrupts for the asynchronous serial port, ASP. Bit 6 is reserved for monitor mode emulation operations and should always be set to 0 except in conjunction with emulation monitor operations. Bits 7–15 are not used in the TMS320C203. IMR is set to 0 at reset.

Global memory allocation register. GREG specifies the size of the global memory space. GREG is set to 0 at reset.

Interrupt-flag register. IFR indicates that the TMS320C203 has latched an interrupt from one of the seven maskable interrupts. Bit 0 shares the external interrupt INT1 the timer interrupt, TINT Bit 5, TXRXINT reserved for monitor mode emulation operations and should always be set to 0 except in conjunction with emulation monitor operations. Writing a 1 to the respective interrupt bit clears an active flag and the respective pending interrupt. Writing a 1 to an inactive flag has no effect. Bits 7–15 are not used in the TMS320C203. IMR is set to 0 at reset.

CLKOUT1 on or off. At reset, CLKOUT1 is configured as a zero for the pin to be active (on). If CLKOUT1 is a 1, the CLKOUT1 pin is turned off.

Interrupt-control register . ICR is used to determine which interrupt is active since INT1 and HOLD share an interrupt vector as do INT1 is for pending interrupts (similar to IFR). At reset, all bits are zeroed, enabling HOLD mode. The MODE bit is used by the hold-generating circuit to determine if a HOLD

Timer-control register. TCR contains the control bits that define the divide-down ratio, start/stop the timer, and reload the period. Also contained in TCR is the current count in the prescaler. Reset initializes the timer divide-down ratio to 0 and starts the timer.

Timer-period register. PRD contains the 16-bit period that is loaded into the timer counter when the counter borrows or when the reload bit is activated. Reset initializes the PRD to 0xFFFF.

Wait-state-generator register . WSGR contains 12 control bits to enable 0, . . . ,7 wait states to program, data, and I/O space. Reset initializes the WSGR to 0x0FFFh.

, RD, and WR are not visible at the pins (’C203 only).

and HOLD. INT2 and INT3 share bit 1. Bit 2 ties to the timer interrupt, TINT. Bits 3 and 4, RINT and

, respectively, are for the synchronous serial port, SSP. Bit 5, TXRXINT, shares the transmit and receive

and HOLD. INT2 and INT3 share bit 1. Bit 2 ties to

. Bits 3 and 4, RINT and XINT, respectively, are for the synchronous serial port, SSP.

, shares the transmit- and receive-interrupts for the asynchronous serial port, ASP. Bit 6 is

and INT3. A portion of this register is for mask/unmask (similar to IMR) and another portion

or INT1 is active.

†

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TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

memory (continued)

Table 13 shows the names, addresses, and functional descriptions of the TMS320C209 memory-mapped registers.

Table 13. TMS320C209 Memory-Mapped Registers

NAME ADDRESS DESCRIPTION

Interrupt-mask register. IMR individually masks or enables the seven interrupts. The lower three bits align to the three external interrupt pins (bit 0 ties to INT1

IMR DS@0004

GREG DS@0005

IFR DS@0006

TCR IS@FFFC

PRD IS@FFFD

TIM IS@FFFE Timer-counter register. TIM contains the current 16-bit count of the timer. Reset initializes the TIM to 0xFFFF.

WSGR IS@FFFF

Bits 4 and 5 are not used in the TMS320C209. Bit 6 is reserved for monitor mode emulation operations and should always be set to 0 except in conjunction with emulation monitor operations. Bits 7–15 are not used in the TMS320C209. IMR is set to 0 at reset.

Global memory allocation register. GREG specifies the size of the global memory space. GREG is set to 0 at reset.

Interrupt-flag register . IFR indicates that the ’C2xx core has latched an interrupt pulse from one of the maskable interrupts. The lower three bits align to the three external interrupt pins (bit 0 ties to INT1 bit 2 to INT3 should always be set to 0 except in conjunction with emulation monitor operations. A 1 indicates an active interrupt in the respective interrupt location. Writing a 1 to the respective interrupt bit clears an active flag and the respective pending interrupt. Writing a 1 to an inactive flag has no affect. IFR is set to 0 at reset.

Timer-period register. PRD contains the 16-bit period that is loaded into the timer counter when the counter borrows or when the reload bit is activated. Reset initializes the PRD to 0xFFFF.

Wait-state generator register . WSGR contains the three control bits to enable a single wait state each of program, data, and I/O space as well as the address-visibility-enable bit. Reset initializes WSGR to 0xF.

). Bit 3 ties to the timer interrupt. Bits 4–15 are reserved for monitor mode emulation operations and

, bit 1 to INT2, and bit 2 to INT3). Bit 3 ties to the timer interrupt.

, bit 1 to INT2, and

external interface

The TMS320C2xx can address up to 64K × 16 words of memory or registers in each of the program, data, and I/O spaces. On-chip memory, when enabled, removes some of this off-chip range. In data space, the high 32K words can be dynamically mapped either locally or globally using the GREG register as described in the

TMS320C2xx User’s Guide

low (with timing similar to the address bus) (see Table 11).

The CPU of the TMS320C2xx schedules a program-fetch, data-read, and data-write on the same machine cycle. This is because from on-chip memory, the CPU can execute all three of these operations in the same cycle. However, the external interface multiplexes the internal buses to one address bus and one data bus. The external interface sequences these operations to complete first the data-write, then the data-read, and finally the program-read.

The ’C2xx supports a wide range of system-interfacing requirements. Program, data, and I/O address spaces provide interface to memory and I/O, thereby maximizing system throughput. The full 16-bit address and data bus, along with the PS three spaces.

I/O design is simplified by having I/O treated the same way as memory. I/O devices are mapped into the I/O address space using the processor’s external address and data buses in the same manner as memory-mapped devices.

(literature number SPRU127). A data-memory access mapped as global asserts

, DS, and IS space-select signals, allow addressing of 64K 16-bit words in each of the

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TMS320C203, TMS320C209, TMS320LC203

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS

SPRS025B – JUNE 1995 – REVISED AUGUST 1998

external interface (continued)

The ’C2xx external parallel interface provides various control signals to facilitate interfacing to the device. The R/W

output signal is provided to indicate whether the current cycle is a read or a write. The STRB output signal provides a timing reference for all external cycles. For convenience, the device also provides the RD WE

output signals, which indicate a read and a write cycle, respectively , along with timing information for those cycles. The availability of these signals minimizes external gating necessary for interfacing external devices to the ’C2xx.

Interface to memory and I/O devices of varying speeds is accomplished by using the READY line. When transactions are made with slower devices, the ’C2xx processor waits until the other device completes its function and signals the processor by way of the READY line. Once a ready indication is provided back to the ’C2xx from the external device, execution continues. On the ’C209 device, the READY line is required (active

high) to complete reads or writes to internal I/O-mapped registers. On the ’C203 devices, the READY line is required to be active high during boot time.

and the

The bus-request (BR global-memory accesses. Global memory is external data-memory space in which the BR at the beginning of the access. When an external global-memory device receives the bus request, it responds by asserting the READY signal after the global memory access is arbitrated and the global access is completed.

The TMS320C2xx supports zero-wait-state reads on the external interface. However, to avoid bus conflicts, writes take two cycles. This allows the TMS320C2xx to buffer the transition of the data bus from input to output (or output to input) by a half cycle. In most systems, TMS320C2xx ratio of reads to writes is significantly large to minimize the overhead of the extra cycle on writes.

Wait states can be generated when accessing slower external resources. The wait states operate on machine-cycle boundaries and are initiated either by using READY or by using the software wait-state generator. READY can be used to generate any number of wait states.

) signal is used in conjunction with the other ’C2xx interface signals to arbitrate external

signal is asserted

interrupts and subroutines

The ’C2xx implements three general-purpose interrupts, INT3–INT1, along with reset (RS) and the nonmaskable interrupt (NMI Internal interrupts are generated by the synchronous serial port (RINT and XINT) (’C203 only), the asynchronous serial port (TXRXINT) (’C203 only), the timer (TINT), the UART, and the software-interrupt (TRAP, INTR and NMI) instructions. Interrupts are prioritized with RS NMI

, and timer (TINT) (for ’C209) or UART (for ’C203) having the lowest priority. Additionally, any interrupt, except RS can be cleared, set, or tested using its own dedicated bit in the interrupt flag register (IFR). The reset and NMI functions are not maskable.

and NMI, can be individually masked with a dedicated bit in the interrupt mask register (IMR) and

), which are available for external devices to request the attention of the processor.

having the highest priority, followed by

All interrupt vector locations are on two-word boundaries so that branch instructions can be accommodated in those locations if desired.

A built-in mechanism protects multicycle instructions from interrupts. If an interrupt occurs during a multicycle instruction, the interrupt is not processed until the instruction completes execution. This mechanism applies to instructions that are repeated (using the RPT instruction) and to instructions that become multicycle because of wait states.

Each time an interrupt is serviced or a subroutine is entered, the program counter (PC) is pushed onto an internal hardware stack, providing a mechanism for returning to the previous context. The stack contains eight locations, allowing interrupts or subroutines to be nested up to eight-levels deep.

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