Texas Instruments TLVH431, TLVH431A, TLVH431B, TLVH432, TLVH432A Datasheet

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TLVH431, TLVH431A, TLVH431B

TLVH432, TLVH432A, TLVH432B

SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020

TLVH431, TLVH432 Low-Voltage Adjustable Precision Shunt Regulators

1 Features

•Low-voltage operation: down to 1.24 V

•Reference voltage tolerances at 25°C

–0.5% for B grade

–1% for A grade

–1.5% for standard grade

•Adjustable output voltage, VO = VREF to 18 V

•Wide operating cathode current range: 100 μA to 70 mA

•0.25-Ω typical output impedance

•–40°C to +125°C specifications

•TLVH432 provides alternative pinouts for SOT-23-3 and SOT-89 packages

•Ultra-small SC-70 package offers 40% smaller footprint than SOT-23-3

2 Applications

•Adjustable voltage reference for data Converters

•Secondary side regulation in flyback SMPSs

•Zener replacement with low leakage current

•Voltage monitoring for power rails

•Comparator with integrated reference

3 Description

The TLVH431 and TLVH432 devices are low-voltage 3-terminal adjustable voltage references, with specified thermal stability over applicable industrial and commercial temperature ranges. Output voltage

can be set to any value between VREF (1.24 V) and 18 V with two external resistors (see Figure 19).

These devices operate from a lower voltage (1.24 V) than the widely used TL431 and TL1431 shuntregulator references.

When used with an optocoupler, the TLVH431 and TLVH432 devices are ideal voltage references in isolated feedback circuits for 3-V to 3.3-V switchingmode power supplies. They have a typical output impedance of 0.25 Ω. Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making the TLVH431 and TLVH432 devices excellent replacements for low-voltage Zener diodes in many applications, including on-board regulation and adjustable power supplies.

The TLVH432 device is identical to the TLVH431 device, but is offered with different pinouts for the 3-pin SOT-23 and SOT-89 packages.

Device Information(1)

PART NUMBER	PACKAGE	BODY SIZE (NOM)
TLVH43xxDBZ	SOT-23 (5)	2.90 mm × 1.60 mm
TLVH43xxDBZ	SOT-23 (3)	2.92 mm × 1.30 mm
TLVH43xxDCK	SC70 (6)	2.00 mm × 1.25 mm
TLVH43xxLP	TO-92 (3)	4.30 mm × 4.30 mm
TLVH43xxPK	SOT-89 (3)	4.50 mm × 2.50 mm

(1)For all available packages, see the orderable addendum at the end of the data sheet.

Simplified Schematic

Input

VO

IK

VREF

An IMPORTANT NOTICE at the end of this data sheet addresses availability, warranty, changes, use in safety-critical applications, intellectual property matters and other important disclaimers. PRODUCTION DATA.

TLVH431, TLVH431A, TLVH431B

TLVH432, TLVH432A, TLVH432B

SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020 www.ti.com

Table of Contents

	1	Features ..................................................................		1		8.3	Feature Description.................................................	17
	2	Applications ...........................................................		1		8.4	Device Functional Modes........................................	18
	3	Description .............................................................		1	9	Applications and Implementation ......................		19
	4	Revision History.....................................................		2		9.1	Application Information............................................	19
	5	Pin Configuration and Functions		3		9.2	Typical Applications ................................................	20
					10	Power Supply Recommendations		24
	6	Specifications		4
					11	Layout		24
		6.1	Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................	4
		6.2	ESD Ratings	4		11.1	Layout Guidelines .................................................	24
						11.2	Layout Example	24
		6.3	Recommended Operating Conditions	4
					12	Device and Documentation Support		25
		6.4	Thermal Information ..................................................	4
		6.5	TLVH43x Electrical Characteristics...........................	5		12.1	Documentation Support ........................................	25
		6.6	TLVH43xA Electrical Characteristics ........................	6		12.2	Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates 25
		6.7	TLVH43xB Electrical Characteristics ........................	7		12.3	Community Resources..........................................	25
		6.8	Typical Characteristics ..............................................	8		12.4	Related Links ........................................................	25
	7	Parameter Measurement Information ................		15		12.5	Trademarks ...........................................................	25
	8	Detailed Description		16		12.6	Electrostatic Discharge Caution............................	25
						12.7	Glossary	25
		8.1	Overview	16
					13	Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable
		8.2	Functional Block Diagram .......................................	16				25
						Information ...........................................................

4	Revision History
NOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.
Changes from Revision K (September 2016) to Revision L		Page
• Added links to applications on TI.com ...................................................................................................................................		1
•	Changed Thermal Information................................................................................................................................................	4
• Changed load capacitance value to better reflect the device behavior................................................................................		22
Changes from Revision J (January 2015) to Revision K		Page
• Changed data sheet title.........................................................................................................................................................		1
• Updated pinout images and Pin Functions table....................................................................................................................		3
• Deleted D package from Pin Functions table .........................................................................................................................		3
• Added Receiving Notification of Documentation Updates section and Community Resources section ..............................		25
Changes from Revision I (September 2009) to Revision J		Page

•Added Applications, Device Information table, Pin Functions table, ESD Ratings table, Thermal Information table, Typical Characteristics, Feature Description section, Device Functional Modes, Application and Implementation section, Power Supply Recommendations section, Layout section, Device and Documentation Support section, and

Mechanical, Packaging, and Orderable Information section. .................................................................................................	1
• Deleted Ordering Information table. .......................................................................................................................................	1

2

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www.ti.com	SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020

5 Pin Configuration and Functions

TLVH431 DBV Package

	5-Pin SOT-23			TLVH431 DBZ Package
					3-Pin SOT-23
	Top View
					Top View
NC	1	5	ANODE	REF	1
*	2				3	ANODE
CATHODE	3	4	REF	CATHODE	2

NOT TO SCALE

NOT TO SCALE

NC – No internal connection

* Pin 2 is attached to Substrate and must be connected to ANODE or left open.

TLVH431 DCK Package

6-Pin SC70

Top View

TLVH432 DBZ Package

3-Pin SOT-23

Top View

CATHODE 1

3 ANODE

REF 2

CATHODE	1	6	ANODE
			NOT TO SCALE
NC	2	5	NC
REF	3	4	NC

	TLVH431 PK Package
	3-Pin SOT-89
NOT TO SCALE	Top View
TLVH431 LP Package	3	CATHODE
3-Pin TO-92
Top View	2	ANODE

		1	REF
1	CATHODE
		NOT TO SCALE
2	ANODE
3	REF	TLVH432 PK Package
NOT TO SCALE		3-Pin SOT-89
		Top View
		3	REF
		2	ANODE
		1	CATHODE
		NOT TO SCALE

Pin Functions

					PIN
NAME				TLVH431					TLVH432			TYPE	DESCRIPTION
	DBZ	DBV		LP		DCK		PK	DBZ		PK
CATHODE	2	3		1		1		3	1		1	I/O	Shunt Current/Voltage input
REF	1	4		3		3		1	2		3	I	Threshold relative to common anode
ANODE	3	5		2		6		2	3		2	O	Common pin, normally connected to ground
NC	—	1		—		2, 4, 5		—	—		—	I	No Internal Connection
*	—	2		—		—		—	—		—	I	Substrate Connection
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SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020

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6 Specifications

6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)(1)

		MIN	MAX	UNIT
V	Cathode voltage(2)		20	V
KA
IK	Cathode current	–25	80	mA
Iref	Reference current	–0.05	3	mA
TJ	Operating virtual junction temperature		150	°C
Tstg	Storage temperature	–65	150	°C

(1)Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, which do not imply functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

(2)Voltage values are with respect to the anode terminal, unless otherwise noted.

6.2 ESD Ratings

				VALUE	UNIT
	V(ESD)	Electrostatic	Human body model (HBM), per ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001(1)	±2000	V
		discharge	Charged device model (CDM), per JEDEC specification JESD22-C101(2)	±1000

(1)JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500-V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.

(2)JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250-V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process.

6.3	Recommended Operating Conditions
See(1)
				MIN	MAX	UNIT
VKA	Cathode voltage			VREF	18	V
IK	Cathode current (continuous)			0.1	70	mA
			TLVH43x_C	0	70
TA	Operating free-air temperature		TLVH43x_I	–40	85	°C
			TLVH43x_Q	–40	125

(1)Maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any allowable ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) – TA) / θJA. Operating at the absolute maximum TJ of 150°C can affect reliability.

6.4 Thermal Information

				TLVH43xx
	THERMAL METRIC(1)	DCK	PK	DBV	DBZ	LP	UNIT
		(SC70)	(SOT-89)	(SOT-23)	(SOT-23)	(TO-92)
		6 PINS	3 PINS	5 PINS	3 PINS	3 PINS
RθJA	Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance	259	52	206	206	140	°C/W
RθJC(top)	Junction-to-case (top) thermal resistance	87	9	131	76	55	°C/W

(1)For more information about traditional and new thermal metrics, see the Semiconductor and IC Package Thermal Metrics application report.

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SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020

6.5 TLVH43x Electrical Characteristics

at 25°C free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)

TLVH431

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

TLVH432

UNIT

MIN

TYP

MAX

TA = 25°C

1.222

1.24

1.258

VREF

Reference voltage

VKA = VREF,

TA = full range,

TLVH431C

1.21

1.27

V

IK = 10 mA

TLVH431I

1.202

1.278

See Figure 18(1)

TLVH431Q

1.194

1.286

VREF deviation over full

TLVH431C

4

12

V

V = V

, I

= 10 mA, See Figure 18(1)

TLVH431I

6

20

mV

REF(dev)

temperature range(2)

KA

REF

K

TLVH431Q

11

31

DVREF

Ratio of VREF change to

IK = 10 mA, VK = VREF to 18 V, See Figure 19

–1.5

–2.7

mV/V

DVKA

cathode voltage change

Iref

Reference terminal current

IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open, See Figure 19

0.1

0.5

μA

Iref deviation over full

IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open,

TLVH431C

0.05

0.3

Iref(dev)

TLVH431I

0.1

0.4

μA

temperature range(2)

See Figure 19(1)

TLVH431Q

0.15

0.5

IK(min)

Minimum cathode current

VKA = VREF, See Figure 18

60

100

μA

for regulation

IK(off)

Off-state cathode current

VREF = 0, VKA = 18 V, See Figure 20

0.02

0.1

μA

|z |

Dynamic impedance(3)

VKA = VREF, f ≤ 1 kHz, IK = 0.1 mA to 70 mA,

0.25

0.4

Ω

KA

See Figure 18

(1) Full temperature ranges are –40°C to +125°C for TLVH431Q, –40°C to +85°C for TLVH431I, and 0°C to 70°C for TLVH431C.

(2) The deviation parameters VREF(dev) and Iref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over

the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, αVREF, is defined as:

æ

VREF( dev )

ö

´ 10

6

ç

÷

aVREF

æ ppm ö

=

è

VREF (TA = 25°C ) ø

ç

÷

è

°C ø

DTA

where

TA is the rated operating free-air temperature range of the device.

αVREF can be positive or negative, depending on whether minimum VREF or maximum VREF, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature.

(3)The dynamic impedance is defined as:

ZKA = DVKA

DIK

When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 19), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is defined as:

		DV			æ		R1	ö
ZKA	¢ =		»	ZKA	´ ç 1	+		÷
		DI			è		R2	ø

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6.6 TLVH43xA Electrical Characteristics

at 25°C free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)

TLVH431A

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

TLVH432A

UNIT

MIN

TYP

MAX

TA = 25°C

1.228

1.24

1.252

VREF

Reference voltage

VKA = VREF,

TA = full range,

TLVH431AC

1.221

1.259

V

IK = 10 mA

TLVH431AI

1.215

1.265

See Figure 18(1)

TLVH431AQ

1.209

1.271

VREF deviation over full

TLVH431AC

4

12

V

V = V

, I

= 10 mA, See Figure 18(1)

TLVH431AI

6

20

mV

REF(dev)

temperature range(2)

KA

REF

K

TLVH431AQ

11

31

DVREF

Ratio of VREF change to

VK = VREF to 18 V, IK = 10 mA, See Figure 19

–1.5

–2.7

mV/V

DVKA

cathode voltage change

Iref

Reference terminal current

IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open, See Figure 19

0.1

0.5

μA

Iref deviation over full

IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open,

TLVH431AC

0.05

0.3

Iref(dev)

TLVH431AI

0.1

0.4

μA

temperature range(2)

See Figure 19(1)

TLVH431AQ

0.15

0.5

IK(min)

Minimum cathode current

VKA = VREF, See Figure 18

60

100

μA

for regulation

IK(off)

Off-state cathode current

VREF = 0, VKA = 18 V, See Figure 20

0.02

0.1

μA

|z |

Dynamic impedance(3)

VKA = VREF, f ≤ 1 kHz, IK = 0.1 mA to 70 mA,

0.25

0.4

Ω

KA

See Figure 18

(1) Full temperature ranges are –40°C to +125°C for TLVH431Q, –40°C to +85°C for TLVH431I, and 0°C to 70°C for TLVH431C.

(2) The deviation parameters VREF(dev) and Iref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over

the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, αVREF, is defined as:

æ

VREF( dev )

ö

´ 10

6

ç

÷

aVREF

æ ppm ö

=

è

VREF (TA = 25°C ) ø

ç

÷

è

°C ø

DTA

where

TA is the rated operating free-air temperature range of the device.

αVREF can be positive or negative, depending on whether minimum VREF or maximum VREF, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature.

(3)The dynamic impedance is defined as:

ZKA = DVKA

DIK

When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 19), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is defined as:

		DV			æ		R1	ö
ZKA	¢ =		»	ZKA	´ ç 1	+		÷
		DI			è		R2	ø

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SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020

6.7 TLVH43xB Electrical Characteristics

at 25°C free-air temperature (unless otherwise noted)

TLVH431B

PARAMETER

TEST CONDITIONS

TLVH432B

UNIT

MIN

TYP

MAX

TA = 25°C

1.234

1.24

1.246

VREF

Reference voltage

VKA = VREF,

TA = full range,

TLVH431BC

1.227

1.253

V

IK = 10 mA

TLVH431BI

1.224

1.259

See Figure 18(1)

TLVH431BQ

1.221

1.265

VREF deviation over full

TLVH431BC

4

12

V

V

= V

, I

= 10 mA, See Figure 18(1)

TLVH431BI

6

20

mV

REF(dev)

temperature range(2)

KA

REF

K

TLVH431BQ

11

31

DVREF

Ratio of VREF change to

IK = 10 mA, VK = VREF to 18 V, See Figure 19

–1.5

–2.7

mV/V

DVKA

cathode voltage change

Iref

Reference terminal current

IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open, See Figure 19

0.1

0.5

μA

Iref deviation over full

IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open,

TLVH431BC

0.05

0.3

Iref(dev)

TLVH431BI

0.1

0.4

μA

temperature range(2)

See Figure 19(1)

TLVH431BQ

0.15

0.5

IK(min)

Minimum cathode current

VKA = VREF, See Figure 18

60

100

μA

for regulation

IK(off)

Off-state cathode current

VREF = 0, VKA = 18 V, See Figure 20

0.02

0.1

μA

|z |

Dynamic impedance(3)

V

KA

= V

REF

, f ≤ 1 kHz, I = 0.1 mA to 70 mA, See Figure 18

0.25

0.4

Ω

KA

K

(1) Full temperature ranges are –40°C to +125°C for TLVH431Q, –40°C to +85°C for TLVH431I, and 0°C to 70°C for TLVH431C.

(2) The deviation parameters VREF(dev) and Iref(dev) are defined as the differences between the maximum and minimum values obtained over

the rated temperature range. The average full-range temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, αVREF, is defined as:

æ

VREF( dev )

ö

´ 10

6

ç

÷

aVREF

æ ppm ö

=

è

VREF (TA = 25°C ) ø

ç

÷

è

°C ø

DTA

where

TA is the rated operating free-air temperature range of the device.

αVREF can be positive or negative, depending on whether minimum VREF or maximum VREF, respectively, occurs at the lower temperature.

(3)The dynamic impedance is defined as:

ZKA = DVKA

DIK

When the device is operating with two external resistors (see Figure 19), the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is defined as:

		DV			æ		R1	ö
ZKA	¢ =		»	ZKA	´ ç 1	+		÷
		DI			è		R2	ø

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SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020

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6.8 Typical Characteristics

Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions table are not implied.

	1.254										250
		IK = 10 mA									230	IK = 10 mA
	1.252
												R1 = 10 kΩ
										<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>nA
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>V											210	R2 = Open
	1.250									<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Reference Voltage −										<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Input Current
											190
	1.248										170
	1.246										150
	1.244										130
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−										<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Reference	110
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>ref
	1.242
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>V										<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−	90
										<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>ref
	1.240									<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>I
											70
	1.238										50
	− 50	− 25	0	25	50	75	100	125	150		−50	−25	0	25	50	75	100	125	150
			TJ − Junction Temperature − °C										TJ − Junction Temperature − °C

Figure 1. Reference Voltage

vs Junction Temperature

Figure 2. Reference Input Current

vs Junction Temperature

70

250

VKA = VREF

V

KA

= V

~ T

REF

TA = 25°C

= 25°C

200

A

10

150

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>mA

~

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>µA

100

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−

5

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Current

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Current

50

0

0

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Cathode

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Cathode

− 50

− 5

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−

− 100

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>K

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>I

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>K

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>I

− 10

− 150

− 200

− 15

− 250

− 1

− 0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

− 1

− 0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

VKA − Cathode Voltage − V

VKA − Cathode Voltage − V

Figure 3. Cathode Current	Figure 4. Cathode Current
vs Cathode Voltage	vs Cathode Voltage

	120
	115									<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>nA
	110
										<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−
	105									<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Current
	100
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Ik(min)	95									<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>State-Off− Cathode
	70
	90
	85
	80
	75
	65									<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>K(off)
	60									<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>I
	55
	-40	-20	0	20	40	60	80	100	120	140
					Temperature (qC)

Figure 5. Minimum Cathode Current vs. Temperature

4000
3500	VKA = 5 V
	VREF	= 0
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
−50	−25	0	25	50	75	100	125	150

TJ − Junction Temperature − °C

Figure 6. Off-State Cathode Current

vs Junction Temperature

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SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020

Typical Characteristics (continued)

Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions table are not implied.

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>VoltageReference

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>mV/V−

0.00

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>V

0.025

−0.1

IK = 10 mA

IK = 1 mA

VKA = VREF to 18 V

0

−0.2

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>%

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−

−0.3

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>ref

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>ref

% Change (avg)

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>V

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>VoltageCathodeDeltato

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>VinChangePercentage

− 0.025

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Delta

−0.4

% Change (3δ)

−0.5

− 0.05

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>of

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Ratio

−0.6

−0.7

− 0.075

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>KA

−0.8

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>ref/

− 0.1

−0.9

% Change (−3δ)

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>V

−1−.10

− 0.125

−50

−25

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

TJ − Junction Temperature − °C

Operating Life at 55°C − kh(1)

(1) Extrapolated from life-test data taken at 125°C; the activation energy

Figure 7. Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage to Delta Cathode	assumed is 0.7 eV.
	Figure 8. Percentage Change in VREF
Voltage	vs
vs Junction Temperature	Operating Life at 55°C

EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE vs

FREQUENCY

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Hz)	350
		VKA = VREF
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>(nV/		IK = 1 mA
		TA = 25°C
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−	300
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Voltage
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>InputNoise	250
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−Equivalent	200
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>n
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>V
	150
	10	100	1 k	10 k	100 k
			f – Frequency – (Hz)

	3 V
	1 kW
+	750 W
470 mF	2200 mF	TLE2027
	+	+
		_	TP
TLVH431	820 W
TLVH432
		160 kW
	160 W

TEST CIRCUIT FOR EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE

Figure 9. Equivalent Input Noise Voltage

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Typical Characteristics (continued)

Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions table are not implied.

EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE

OVER A 10-S PERIOD

	10
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>(mV)	8	f = 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz
		IK = 1 mA
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−		TA = 25°C
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Voltage	6
	4
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Noise	2
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Input	0
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Equivalent	− 2
	− 4
	− 6
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>n
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>V	− 8
	− 10
	0	2	4	6	8	10
			t − Time − (s)

		3 V
		1 kW
	+	750 W				0.47 mF
470 mF
		2200 mF
			TLE2027
		+				TLE2027	TP
			+	10 kW	10 kW
							2.2 mF
						+
			_				+
		820 W				_
			160 kW		1 mF
TLVH431								1 MW
							CRO
TLVH432
						33 kW
		16 W	0.1 mF		33 kW

TEST CIRCUIT FOR 0.1-Hz TO 10-Hz EQUIVALENT NOISE VOLTAGE

Figure 10. Equivalent Input Noise Voltage

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SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020

Typical Characteristics (continued)

Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions table are not implied.

SMALL-SIGNAL VOLTAGE GAIN

/PHASE MARGIN vs FREQUENCY

<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>(dB)	80				0°
				IK = 10 mA
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−	70			TA = 25°C	36°
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Gain/PhaseMargin						<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>PhaseShift
	60				72°
	50				108°
	40				144°
					180°
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Voltage	30
	20
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Small-Signal	10
	0
	− 10
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>V	− 20
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>A
	100	1 k	10 k	100 k	1 M
			f − Frequency − (Hz)

	Output
6.8 kW	IK
	180 W
10 mF
	5 V
4.3 kW
	GND

TEST CIRCUIT FOR VOLTAGE GAIN

AND PHASE MARGIN

				Figure 11. Voltage Gain and Phase Margin
		PULSE RESPONSE 1
	3.5						R = 18 kΩ
	3		Input				TA = 25°C
										18 kΩ
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−V	2.5										Output
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Voltage	2								Pulse		Ik
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Output
									Generator	50	Ω
	1.5
			Output						f = 100 kHz
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>and	1
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Input	0.5										GND
	0								TEST CIRCUIT FOR PULSE RESPONSE 1
	− 0.5
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
			t − Time − µs

Figure 12. Pulse Response 1

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Typical Characteristics (continued)

Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions table are not implied.

		PULSE RESPONSE 2
	3.5						R = 1.8 kΩ
	3		Input				TA = 25°C
										1.8 kΩ
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>−V	2.5										Output
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Voltage	2								Pulse		IK
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Output
									Generator	50	Ω
	1.5
			Output						f = 100 kHz
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>and
	1
<![if ! IE]> <![endif]>Input
	0.5										GND
	0								TEST CIRCUIT FOR PULSE RESPONSE 2
	− 0.5
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
			t − Time − µs

Figure 13. Pulse Response 2

		30 kΩ
		IK
50	Ω	100 µF
		I2	CL
		I1

Figure 14. Phase Margin Test Circuit

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Typical Characteristics (continued)

Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions table are not implied.

IK

Figure 15. Phase Margin vs Capacitive Load

VKA = VREF (1.25 V), TA= 25°C

IK

Figure 16. Phase Margin vs Capacitive Load

VKA = 2.50 V, TA= 25°C

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Typical Characteristics (continued)

Operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions table are not implied.

IK

Figure 17. Phase Margin vs Capacitive Load

VKA = 5.00 V, TA= 25°C

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SLVS555L –NOVEMBER 2004–REVISED APRIL 2020

7 Parameter Measurement Information

Input	VO
	IK
	VREF

Figure 18. Test Circuit for VKA = VREF, VO = VKA = VREF

Input	VO
	IK
R1	Iref
R2	VREF

Figure 19. Test Circuit for VKA > VREF, VO = VKA = VREF × (1 + R1/R2) + Iref × R1

Input VO

IK(off)

Figure 20. Test Circuit for IK(off)

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8 Detailed Description

8.1 Overview

TLVH431 is a low power counterpart to TL431, having lower reference voltage (1.24 V versus 2.5 V) for lower

voltage adjustability and lower minimum cathode current (Ik(min)= 100 µA versus 1 mA). Like TL431, TLVH431 is used in conjunction with its key components to behave as a single voltage reference, error amplifier, voltage

clamp or comparator with integrated reference.

TLVH431 is also a higher voltage counterpart to TLV431, with cathode voltage adjustability from 1.24 V to 18 V, making this part optimum for a wide range of end equipments in industrial, auto, telecom and computing. In order for this device to behave as a shunt regulator or error amplifier, >100 µA (Imin(max)) must be supplied in to the cathode pin. Under this condition, feedback can be applied from the Cathode and Ref pins to create a replica of the internal reference voltage.

Various reference voltage options can be purchased with initial tolerances (at 25°C) of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. These reference options are denoted by B (0.5%), A (1.0%) and blank (1.5%) after the TLVH431.

The TLVH431xC devices are characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C, the TLVH431xI devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to +85°C, and the TLVH431xQ devices are characterized for operation from –40°C to +125°C.

8.2 Functional Block Diagram

	CATHODE
REF	+
	−
VREF = 1.24 V

ANODE

Figure 21. Equivalent Schematic

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Functional Block Diagram (continued)

CATHODE

REF

ANODE

Figure 22. Detailed Schematic

8.3 Feature Description

TLVH431 consists of an internal reference and amplifier that outputs a sink current base on the difference between the reference pin and the virtual internal pin. The sink current is produced by an internal Darlington pair.

When operated with enough voltage headroom (≥ 1.24 V) and cathode current (Ika), TLVH431 forces the reference pin to 1.24 V. However, the reference pin can not be left floating, as it needs Iref ≥ 0.5 µA (see Specifications). This is because the reference pin is driven into an NPN, which needs base current in order operate properly.

When feedback is applied from the Cathode and Reference pins, TLVH431 behaves as a Zener diode, regulating to a constant voltage dependent on current being supplied into the cathode. This is due to the internal amplifier and reference entering the proper operating regions. The same amount of current needed in the above feedback situation must be applied to this device in open loop, servo or error amplifying implementations in order for it to be in the proper linear region giving TLVH431 enough gain.

Unlike many linear regulators, TLVH431 is internally compensated to be stable without an output capacitor between the cathode and anode. However, if it is desired to use an output capacitor Figure 15, Figure 16, and Figure 17 can be used as a guide to assist in choosing the correct capacitor to maintain stability.

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8.4 Device Functional Modes

8.4.1 Open Loop (Comparator)

When the cathode/output voltage or current of TLVH431 is not being fed back to the reference/input pin in any form, this device is operating in open loop. With proper cathode current (Ika) applied to this device, TLVH431 has the characteristics shown in Figure 4. With such high gain in this configuration, the TLVH431 device is typically used as a comparator. With the reference integrated makes TLVH431 the preferred choice when users are trying to monitor a certain level of a single signal.

8.4.2 Closed Loop

When the cathode/output voltage or current of TLVH431 is being fed back to the reference/input pin in any form, this device is operating in closed loop. The majority of applications involving TLVH431 use it in this manner to regulate a fixed voltage or current. The feedback enables this device to behave as an error amplifier, computing a portion of the output voltage and adjusting it to maintain the desired regulation. This is done by relating the output voltage back to the reference pin in a manner to make it equal to the internal reference voltage, which can be accomplished through resistive or direct feedback.

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