heidenhain TNC 124 User Manual

User's Manual

July 2004

TNC Guideline:

From workpiece drawing to program-controlled machining

Step	Task	TNC operating		Starting
		mode		on page
	Preparation
1	Select tools	——		——
2	Set workpiece datum for
	coordinate system	——		——
3	Determine spindle speeds
	and feed rates	as desired		107, 116
4	Switch on TNC and machine	——		17
5	Cross over reference marks			17
6	Clamp workpiece	——		——

7Set datum /

Reset position display ...

7a

... with the probing functions

33

7b

... without the probing functions

31

Entering and testing part programs

8Enter part program or

download over external
data interface	59

9Test run: Run part program

	block by block without tool	103
10	If necessary: Optimize
	part program	59
	Machining the workpiece
12	Insert tool and
	run part program	105

Screen

MOD	INFO HELP		Operating	Plain language
4	5	6	mode or
7	8	9
1	2	3	function	dialog line
0		–
CE		ENT

GOTO

Z–´ Y+

X+´ X–´

Y– Z´+

	I	NC
100		I
	0	NC
		0
50	150
	F %

HEIDENHAIN

Input line

Tool number and tool axis

Spindle speed

Feed rate

Spindle brake

Operating mode symbols (current mode is highlighted)

Soft-key row (with 5 soft keys)

Soft keys

Selected

datum Miscellaneous

function M

Screen in the operating modes

PROGRAMMING AND

EDITING and

PROGRAM RUN

Current

block

Current positions

Status line	Symbol for
	soft-key row

Controlling machine functions

MOD INFO HELP

7 8 9

4 5 6

1 2 3

0 –

Spindle brake

Counterclockwise	Clockwise
spindle rotation	spindle rotation

		CE	ENT
			GOTO	´	+	Machine axis
X+´	Z–´	X–´
		Y+
Y–	Z´+	I	NC	Z–	Y	direction keys;
100	150		I			Rapid traverse
50		0	NC
			0	X+´	X–´	key
	F %		HEIDENHAIN

–	´
Y	Z+
Power supply
100

EMERGENCYSTOP
	50	150	Feed rate
		F %	override
Coolant	Release tool

Selecting functions and programming

Z–´ Y+

X+´ X–´

Y– Z´+

100

50	150
	F %

MOD INFO HELP

7 8 9

4 5 6

1 2 3

0 –

CE ENT

GOTO

NC

II

NC

00

HEIDENHAIN

5 soft keys (functions vary according to associated fields on screen)

Clear entries or error messages

Page through individual soft-key rows

Access program blocks to make changes, or switch operating parameters

Change parameters			Select or deselect
and settings			INFO functions

MOD INFO HELP

7 8 9

4 5 6

1 2 3

0 –

CE

ENT

GOTO

Select or deselect HELP screens

Numeric input keys

Change sign

Confirm entry

Incremental dimensions

Return to previous soft-key level

Go to program block or operating parameter

Select programs and program blocks

Selecting operating modes; Start or stop NC and spindle

MOD INFO HELP

7 8 9

4 5 6

1 2 3

0 –

CE ENT

GOTO

Z–´ Y+

X+´ X–´

Y– Z´+

	I	NC
100		I
	0	NC
		0
50	150
	F %

HEIDENHAIN

POSITIONING WITH	PROGRAM RUN
MDI
MANUAL	PROGRAMMING AND
OPERATION	EDITING

Spindle ON	NC	Start NC
I	I	(NC-I key)
Spindle OFF	NC	Stop NC
0	0

	Contents
	SoftwareVersion .................................................................................................	7
	TNC 124..............................................................................................................	7
	About This Manual ..............................................................................................	8
	Special Notes in this Manual ..............................................................................	9
	TNC Accessories ..............................................................................................	10
1	Fundamentals of Positioning ...................................................	11
	Coordinate system and coordinate axes ...........................................................	11
	Datums and positions .......................................................................................	12
	Machine axis movements and position feedback ...............................................	14
	Angular positions ..............................................................................................	15
2	Working with the TNC 124 – First Steps ..................................	17
	Before you start ................................................................................................	17
	Switch-on ..........................................................................................................	17
	Operatingmodes ..............................................................................................	18
	HELP, MOD and INFO functions .......................................................................	18
	Selecting soft-key functions ..............................................................................	19
	Symbols on the TNC screen .............................................................................	19
	On-screen operating instructions .......................................................................	20
	Error messages ................................................................................................	21
	Selecting the unit of measurement ....................................................................	21
	Selecting position display types ........................................................................	22
	Traverse limits ...................................................................................................	22
3	Manual Operation and Setup ....................................................	23
	Feed rate F, spindle speed S and miscellaneous function M .............................	23
	Moving the machine axes ..................................................................................	25
	Entering tool length and radius ..........................................................................	28
	Calling the tool data ..........................................................................................	29
	Selecting datum points .....................................................................................	30
	Datum setting: Approaching positions and entering actual values ......................	31
	Functions for datum setting ...............................................................................	33
	Measuring diameters and distances ..................................................................	33
4	Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI) ................................	38
	Before you machine the workpiece ....................................................................	38
	Taking the tool radius into account ....................................................................	38
	Feed rate F, spindle speed S and miscellaneous function M .............................	39
	Entering and moving to positions .......................................................................	41
	Pecking and tapping .........................................................................................	43
	Hole patterns ....................................................................................................	48
	Bolt hole circle patterns ....................................................................................	49
	Linear hole patterns ..........................................................................................	53
	Rectangular pocket milling ................................................................................	57
5	Programming .............................................................................	59
	Operating mode PROGRAMMING AND EDITING .............................................	59
	Entering a program number ...............................................................................	60
	Deleting programs.............................................................................................	60
	Editing programs ...............................................................................................	61

Contents

	Editing program blocks .....................................................................................	62
	Editing existing programs..................................................................................	63
	Deleting program blocks ...................................................................................	64
	Feed rate F, spindle speed S and miscellaneous function M ............................	65
	Enteringprogram interruptions ..........................................................................	67
	Calling the tool data in a program ......................................................................	68
	Calling datum points .........................................................................................	69
	Entering dwell time ...........................................................................................	70
6	Programming Workpiece Positions .........................................	71
	Entering workpiece positions ............................................................................	71
	Transferring positions: Teach-In mode ...............................................................	73
7	Drilling, Milling Cycles and Hole Patterns in Programs ..........	77
	Entering a cycle call .........................................................................................	78
	Drilling cycles in programs ................................................................................	78
	Hole patterns in programs .................................................................................	85
	Rectangular pockets in programs ......................................................................	91
8	Subprograms and Program Section Repeats .........................	94
	Subprograms ....................................................................................................	95
	Program section repeats ...................................................................................	97
9	Transferring Files Over the Data Interface .............................	100
	Transferring a program into the TNC ................................................................	100
	Reading a program out of the TNC ..................................................................	101
	Transferring tool tables and datum tables ........................................................	102
10	Executing programs ................................................................	103
	Single block ....................................................................................................	104
	Full sequence .................................................................................................	105
	Interruptingprogramrun ..................................................................................	105
11	Positioning Non-Controlled Axes...........................................	106
12 Cutting Data Calculator, Stopwatch and
	Pocket Calculator: The INFO Functions ................................	107
	Cutting data: Calculate spindle speed S and feed rate F .................................	108
	Stopwatch .......................................................................................................	109
	Pocket calculator functions .............................................................................	109
13 User Parameters: The MOD Function ....................................		111
	Entering user parameters ................................................................................	111
	TNC 124 user parameters ...............................................................................	112
14 Tables, Overviews and Diagrams ...........................................		113
	Miscellaneous functions (M functions) .............................................................	113
	Pin layout and connecting cable for the data interface .....................................	115
	Diagram for machining ....................................................................................	116
	Technicalinformation ......................................................................................	117
	Accessories ....................................................................................................	118

Subject Index ...........................................................................

119

Software Version

This User's Manual is for TNC 124 models with the following software version:

Progr. 246 xxx-16.

The x's can be any numbers.

For detailed technical information refer to the Technical

Manual for the TNC 124.

NC and PLC software numbers

The NC and PLC software numbers of your unit are displayed on the TNC screen after switch-on.

Location of use

The TNC complies with the limits for a Class A device in accordance with the specifications in EN 55022, and is intended for use primarily in industrially-zoned areas.

TNC 124

TNC family

What is NC? NC stands for “NumericalControl,” that is, control of a machine tool by means of numbers. Modern controls such as the TNC have a built-in computer for this purpose and are therefore called CNC (Computerized Numerical Control).

From the very beginning, the TNCs from HEIDENHAIN were developed specifically for shop-floor programming by the machinist. This is why they are called TNC, or“TouchNumericalControls.”

The TNC 124 is a straight cut control for boring machines and milling machines with up to three axes. It also features position display of a fourth axis.

Conversational programming

Workpiece machining is defined in a part program. It contains a complete list of instructions for machining a part, for example, the target position coordinates, the feed rate and the spindle speed.

You begin programming each machining step by simply pressing a key or soft key. The TNC then asks for all the information that it needs to execute the step.

TNC 124	7

About This Manual

If you're new to TNC, you can use the operating instructions as a step-by-step workbook. This part begins with a short introduction to the basics of coordinate systems and position feedback, and provides an overview of the available features. Each feature is explained in detail, using an example — so you won't get “lost” too deeply in the theory. As a beginner you should work through all the examples presented.

The examples are intentionally brief; it generally won't take you longer than 10 minutes to enter the example data.

If you're already proficient with TNC, you can use the operating instructions as a comprehensive review and reference guide. The clear layout and the subject index make it easy to find the desired topics.

Dialog flowcharts

Dialog flowcharts are used for each example in this manual.

They are laid out as follows:

The operating mode is indicated above the first dialog flowchart.

This area shows the	This area shows the key function or work step.
keys to press.	If necessary, supplementary information will also be included.

Prompt

This area shows the keys to press.

This area shows the key functionor work step.

If necessary, supplementary information will also be included.

If there is an arrow at the end of the flowchart, this means that it continues on the next page.

A prompt appears with some actions (not always) at the top of the screen.

If two flowcharts are divided by abroken line, and words by “or,” this means that you can follow either of the instructions.

Some flowcharts also show the screen that will appear after you press the correct keys.

Abbreviated flowcharts

Abbreviated flowcharts supplement the examples and explanations. An arrow ( ) indicates a new input or a work step.

8

TNC 124

Special Notes in this Manual

Particularly important information is presented separately in shaded boxes. Be sure to carefully pay attention to these notes. If you ignore these notes your TNC may not function as required, or damage the workpiece or tool.

Symbols used in the notes

Each note is identified by a symbol to the left. Your manual uses three different symbols which have the following meanings:

General note,

e.g., indicating the behavior of the control.

Note with reference to themachine manufacturer, e.g., indicating that a specific function must be enabled for your machine tool.

Important note,

e.g., indicating that a special tool is required for the function.

TNC 124	9

TNC Accessories

Electronic handwheel

Electronic handwheels facilitate precise manual control of the axis slides. Like a conventional machine tool, the machine slide moves in direct relation to the rotation of the handwheel. A wide range of traverses per handwheel revolution is available.

The HR 410 Electronic Handwheel

10

TNC 124

1Fundamentals of Positioning

1

Fundamentals of Positioning

Coordinate system and coordinate axes

Reference system

In order to define positions on a surface, a reference system is required. For example, positions on the earth's surface can be defined “absolutely” by their geographic coordinates of longitude and latitude. The termcoordinate comes from the Latin word for “that which is arranged.” In contrast to the relative definition of a position that is referenced to a known location, the network of horizontal and vertical lines on the globe constitutes an absolute reference system.

The Greenwich observatory illustrated in Fig. 1.1 is located at 0° longitude, and the equator at 0° latitude.

Cartesian coordinate system

On a TNC-controlled milling or drilling machine tool, workpieces are normally machined according to a workpiece-based Cartesian coordinate system (a rectangular coordinate system named after the French mathematician and philosopher Renatus Cartesius, who lived from 1596 to 1650). The Cartesian coordinate system is based on three coordinate axes designated X, Y and Z which are parallel to the machine guideways.

The figure to the right illustrates the “right-hand rule” for remembering the three axis directions: the middle finger is pointing in the positive direction of the tool axis from the workpiece toward the tool (the Z axis), the thumb is pointing in the positive X direction, and the index finger in the positive Y direction.

Axis designations

X, Y and Z are the main axes of the Cartesian coordinate system. The additional axes U, V and W are secondary linear axes parallel to the main axes. Rotary axes are designated as A, B and C (see Fig. 1.3).

60°

Greenwich

30°

0°

30°

60°

90° 0° 90°

Fig. 1.1: The geographic coordinate system is an absolute reference system

+Y	+Z
	+X
	+Z
	+X
	+Y

Fig. 1.2: Designations and directions of the axes on a milling machine

	Z	Y
W+	C+	B+
		V+
		A+
		X
		U+

Fig. 1.3: Main, additional and rotary axes in the Cartesian coordinate system

TNC 124

11

1Fundamentals of Positioning

Datums and positions

Setting the datum

The workpiece drawing identifies a certain point on the workpiece (usually a corner) as the “absolute datum” and perhaps one or more other points as relative datums. The datum setting procedure establishes these points as the origin of the absolute or relative coordinate systems: The workpiece, which is aligned with the machine axes, is moved to a certain position relative to the tool and the display is set either to zero or to another appropriate value (e.g., to compensate the tool radius).

Example: Coordinates of hole 1 :

X =	10	mm
Y =	5	mm
Z =	0	mm (hole depth: Z = – 5 mm)

The datum of the Cartesian coordinate system is located 10 mm from hole 1 on the X axis and 5 mm from it in the Y axis (in negative direction).

The TNC's probing functions facilitate finding and setting datums.

Z

Y

X

Fig. 1.4: The workpiece datum represents the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system

Z

Y

X

1

5

10

Fig. 1.5: Hole 1 defines the coordinate system

12

TNC 124

1Fundamentals of Positioning Datums and Positions

Absolute workpiece positions

Each position on the workpiece is uniquely identified by its absolute coordinates.

Example: Absolute coordinates of the position 1 :

X= 20 mm

Y= 10 mm

Z= 15 mm

If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a workpiece drawing with absolute coordinates, you are moving the tooltothe value of the coordinates.

	Z
			1
Y
15		Z=15mm
			Y=10mm	X
	X=20mm
10
				20

Fig. 1.6: Position definition through absolute

coordinates

Incremental workpiece positions

A position can also be referenced to the preceding nominal position. In this case the relative datum is always the last programmed position. Such coordinates are referred to as incremental coordinates (increment = increase). They are also called incremental or chain dimensions (since the positions are defined as a chain of dimensions). Incremental coordinates are designated with the prefixI.

Example: Incrementalcoordinatesofposition 3 referencedto position 2

Absolute coordinates of position 2 :

X= 10 mm

Y = 5 mm

Z= 20 mm

Incremental coordinates of position 3 :

IX = 10 mm

IY = 10 mm

IZ = –15 mm

		3
Y			I
		15mm–Z=I	Y
	2		=
			1
			0
			m
			m
	20		IX=10mm
10	15		X
5	5		10
	0		10
	0

Fig. 1.7: Position definition through incremental coordinates

If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a drawing with incremental coordinates, you are moving the toolbythe value of the coordinates.

TNC 124

13

1Fundamentals of Positioning

Machine axis movements and position feedback

Programming tool movements

During workpiece machining, an axis position is changed either by moving the tool or by moving the machine table on which the workpiece is fixed.

When entering tool movements in a part program you always program as if the tool is moving and the workpiece is stationary.

+Y

+Z

+X

Position feedback

The position feedback encoders — linear encoders for linear axes, angle encoders for rotary axes — convert the movement of the machine axes into electrical signals. The control evaluates these signals and constantly calculates the actual position of the machine axes.

If there is an interruption in power, the calculated position will no longer correspond to the actual position. When power is restored, the TNC can re-establish this relationship.

Reference marks

The scales of the position encoders contain one or more reference marks. When a reference mark is passed over, it generates a signal which identifies that position as the reference point (scale reference point = machine reference point). With the aid of this reference mark the TNC can re-establish the assignment of displayed values to machine axis positions.

If the position encoders featuredistance-coded reference marks, each axis need only move a maximum of 20 mm (0.8 in.) for linear encoders, and 20° for angle encoders.

Fig. 1.8: On this machine the tool moves in the Y and Z axes; the workpiece moves in the X axis.

Z

Y

X

Fig. 1.9: Linear position encoder, here for the X axis

Fig. 1.10: Linear scales: above with distancecoded reference marks, below with one reference mark

14

TNC 124

1Fundamentals of Positioning

	Angular positions
	For angular positions, the following reference axes are defined:
	Plane	Angle reference axis	Y
	X / Y	+ X	–270°
	Y / Z	+ Y
			+45°
	Z / X	+ Z
			+180°
			X
	Algebraic sign for direction of rotation		–180°
	Positive direction of rotation is counterclockwise if the working plane
	is viewed in negative tool axis direction (see Fig. 1.11).
	Example: Angle in the working plane X / Y

			Fig. 1.11: Angle and the angle reference
	Angle	Corresponds to the ...
			axis, here in the X / Y plane
	+ 45°	... bisecting line between +X and +Y
	± 180°	... negative X axis
	– 270°	... positive Y axis

TNC 124

15

1Fundamentals of Positioning

NOTES

16

TNC 124

2Working with the TNC 124 – First Steps

2

Working with the TNC 124 – First Steps

Before you start

You must cross over the reference marks after every switch-on. From the positions of the reference marks, the TNC automatically reestablishes the relationship between axis slide positions and display values that you last defined by setting the datum.

Setting up a new datum point automatically stores the new relationship between axis positions and display values.

Switch-on

0 1	Switch on the TNC and the machine tool.

M E M O R Y		T E S T
Please wait...		The internal memory of the TNC is checked automatically.
P O W E R I N T E R R U P T E D
		Clear the TNC message indicating that the power was interrupted.
CE

R E L A Y E X T. D C V O L T A G E M I S S I N G

Switch on the control voltage.

The TNC automatically checks the function of the EMERGENCY STOP button.

C R O S S O V E R R E F E R E N C E M A R K S

For each axis: NC

or

Press and hold successively:

X+´

Y+

Z´+

Movetheaxesinthedisplayedsequenceacrossthereferencemarks.

or

Cross the reference marks in any sequence:

Press the machine axis direction button until the moving axis disappears from the screen.

Sequence in this example: X AXIS, Y AXIS, Z AXIS

The TNC 124 is now ready for operation in the

MANUAL OPERATION mode.

TNC 124

17

2Working with the TNC 124 – First Steps

Operating modes

Selecting the operating mode determines which functions are available to you.

Available functions	Mode	Key
Move the machine axes	MANUAL
• with the direction keys,	OPERATION

•with the electronic handwheel,

•by incremental jog positioning; Datum setting —

also with probing functions (e.g. circle center as datum);

Enter and change spindle speed and miscellaneous functions

Enter positioning blocks and		POSITIONING
execute them block by block;		WITH
Enter hole patterns and		MDI
execute them block by block;
Change spindle speed, feed
rate, miscellaneous functions;
Enter tool data;
Store work steps for small-lot		PROGRAMMING
production by		AND EDITING
•	Keyboard entry
•	Teach-in;
Transferring programs
through the data interface
Executing programs		PROGRAM
•	continuously	RUN
•	blockwise

You can switch to another operating mode at any time by pressing the key for the desired mode.

HELP, MOD and INFO functions

You can call the HELP, MOD and INFO functions at any time.

To call a function:

Press the function key for that function.

To leave a function:

Press the same function key again.

Functions	Designation	Key
On-screen operating	HELP
instructions:
graphics and text explaining		HELP
the current screen contents

User parameters:	MOD
To redefine the TNC's basic
operating characteristics

MOD

Cutting data calculator,	INFO
stopwatch, pocket calculator

INFO

18

TNC 124

2Working with the TNC 124 – First Steps

Selecting soft-key functions

The soft-key functions are grouped into one or more rows. The TNC indicates the number of rows by a symbol at the bottom right of the screen.

If no symbol is visible, that means that all pertinent functions are already shown. The highlighted rectangle in the symbol indicates the currentrow.

Overview of functions

Function Key

Page through the soft-key rows: forwards

Page through the soft-key rows: backwards

Go back one soft-key level

Fig. 2.1: The symbol for soft-key rows at the bottom right of the screen. Here, the first row is being displayed.

The TNC displays the soft keys with the main functions of an operating mode whenever you press the key for that mode.

Symbols on the TNC screen

The TNC continuously informs you of the current operating status. The symbols are displayed on the screen

•next to the designations of the coordinate axes or

•in the status line at the bottom of the screen.

Symbol

T ...

S ... *)

F ... *)

M ...

...

ACTL.

NOML.

REF

LAG

	*	®
	®
	®	®

Function/Meaning

Tool, for example T 1

Spindle speed, e.g. S 1000 [rpm] Feed rate, e.g. F 200 [mm/min] Miscellaneous function, e.g. M 3

Datum, e.g.: 1

TNC displays actual values TNC displays nominal values

TNC displays the reference position TNC displays the servo lag

Control active

Spindle brake active

Spindle brake inactive

Axis can be moved with the electronic handwheel

*) A highlighted F or S symbol means that the feed rate or spindle has not been enabled by the PLC.

TNC 124

19

2Working with the TNC 124 – First Steps

On-screen operating instructions

The integrated operating instructions provide information and assistance in any situation.

To call the operating instructions:

Press the HELP key.

Use the paging keys if the explanation extends over more than one screen page.

To leave the operating instructions:Press the HELP key again.

Example: On-screen operating instructions for datum setting

(PROBE CENTERLINE)

The PROBE CENTERLINE function is described in this manual on page 34.

Select the MANUAL OPERATIONmode.

Press the paging key to display the second screen page.

Press the HELP key.

The first page of the operating instructions for the probing functions appears.

Page reference at the lower right of the screen:

the number in front of the slash is the current page, the number behind the slash is the total number of pages.

The on-screen operating instructions now contain the following information on PROBING FUNCTIONS (on three pages):

•Overview of the probing functions (page 1)

•Graphic illustration of all probing functions (pages 2 and 3)

To leave the operating instructions: Press HELP again.

The screen returns to the menu for the probing functions.

Press (for example) the soft key Centerline.

Press HELP.

The screen now displays operating instructions — spread over three pages — on the function PROBE CENTERLINE including:

•Overview of all work steps (page 1)

•Graphic illustration of the probing sequence (page 2)

•Information on how the TNC reacts and on datum setting (page 3)

To leave the on-screen operating instructions: Press HELP again.

Fig. 2.2: On-screen operating instructions for PROBE, page 1

Fig. 2.3: On-screen operating instructions

for PROBE CENTERLINE, page 1

Fig. 2.4: On-screen operating instructions

for PROBE CENTERLINE, page 2

20

TNC 124

2Working with the TNC 124 – First Steps

Error messages

If an error occurs while you are working with the TNC, a message will come up on the screen.

To call an explanation of the error:

Press the HELP key.

To clear the error message:Press the CE key.

Blinking error messages

W A R N I N G !

Blinking error messages mean that the operational reliability of the TNC has been impaired.

If a blinking error message occurs:

Note down the error message displayed on the screen.

Switch off the TNC and machine tool.

Attempt to correct the problem with the power off.

If the error cannot be corrected or if the blinking error message recurs, notify your customer service agency.

Selecting the unit of measurement

Positions can be displayed in millimeters or inches. If you choose inches, inch will be displayed at the top of the screen.

To change the unit of measurement:

Press MOD.

Page to the soft-key row containing the user parameter mm or inch.

Choose the soft key mm or inch to change to the other unit.

Press MOD again.

For more information on user parameters, see Chapter 13.

Fig. 2.5: The inch indicator

TNC 124

21

2Working with the TNC 124 – First Steps

Selecting position display types

The TNC can display various position values for a specific tool position.

The positions indicated in Fig. 2.6 are:

•Starting position of the tool A

•Target position of the tool Z

•Workpiecedatum W

•Scalereferencepoint M

The TNC position display can be set to show the following types of information:

•Nominal position NOML. 1

The value presently commanded by the TNC.

•Actual position ACTL. 2

The position at which the tool is presently located as referenced to the workpiece datum.

•Servo lag LAG 3

The difference between nominal and actual positions (NOML. – ACTL.)

•Actual position as referenced to the scale reference point REF 4

	1
2	3
A	Z
W	4
M

Fig. 2.6: Tool and workpiece positions

To change the position display

Press MOD.

Page to the soft-key row containing the user parameter

Posit.

Press the soft key for selecting the position display type and change to the other display type.

Select the desired display type.

Press MOD again.

For more information on user parameters, see Chapter 13.

Traverse limits

The maximum range of traverse of the machine axes is set by the machine manufacturer.

Z
Zmax
Zmin			Y
X		Y
min	X		max
		max
		Y
		min
		X

Fig. 2.7: Traverse limits define the machine's actual working envelope

22

TNC 124

3Manual Operation and Setup

3

Manual Operation and Setup

The machine manufacturer may define a method of moving the axes that varies from what is described in this manual.

On the TNC 124 you can move the machine axes with:

•the direction keys,

•the electronic handwheel,

•incremental jog positioning, or

•positioning with manual data input MDI (see Chapter 4).

In the MANUAL OPERATION and POSITIONING WITH MDI modes of operation (see Chapter 4) you can also enter and change:

•Feed rate F (the feed rate can only be entered in

POSITIONING WITH MDI)

•Spindle speed S

•Miscellaneous function M

Feed rate F, spindle speed S and miscellaneous function M

To change the feed rate F:

You can vary the feed rate F infinitely by turning the knob for feed rate override on the TNC control panel.

Feed rate override

You can vary the feed rate F from	100
0% to 150% of the set value
50	150
	F %
	0

Z–´ Y+

X+´

X–´

Y– Z´+

100

50

150

F %

Fig. 3.1: Feed rate override on the TNC control panel

TNC 124

23

3Manual Operation and Setup

Feed Rate F, Spindle Speed S and Miscellaneous Function M

Entering and changing the spindle speed S

The machine manufacturer determines which spindle speeds are allowed on your TNC.

Example: Entering the spindle speed S

	SelectS for the spindle speed function.
S p i n d l e s p e e d ?
9 5 0	Enter the spindle speed, for example 950 rpm.
NC	Change the spindle speed.

To change the spindle speed S:

You can vary the spindle speed S infinitely by turning the knob for spindle speed override—if provided—on the TNC control panel.

Spindle speed override

You can vary the spindle speed S from 0% to 150% of the set value

100

50

150

S %

0

Entering a miscellaneous function M

The machine manufacturer determines which miscellaneous functions are available on your TNC and which effects they have.

Example: Entering a miscellaneous function

					Select M for miscellaneous function.
			M i s c e l l a n e o u s f u n c t i o n M ?
3					Enter the miscellaneous function, for example M 3: spindle ON, clockwise.
NC					Execute the miscellaneous function.

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TNC 124

3Manual Operation and Setup

Moving the machine axes

The TNC control panel includes six direction keys. The keys for the X and Y axes are identified with a prime mark (X', Y'). This means that the traversing directions indicated on these keys correspond to movement of the machine table.

Traversing with the direction keys

The direction key defines at the same time

•the coordinate axis, for example X

•the traversing direction, for example negative: X–

On machine tools with central drives you can only move one axis at a time.

If you are moving a machine axis with the direction key, the TNC automatically stops moving the axis as soon as you release the key.

For continuous movement:

You can also move the machine axes continuously: The axis continues to move after you release the key.

To stop the axis press the key indicated below in example 2.

Rapid traverse

To move an axis at rapid traverse:

Press the rapid traverse key and the direction key together.

Example: Moving the machine axis in the Z+ direction with the direction key (retract tool):

Example 1: Moving the machine axes

Operating mode: MANUAL OPERATION

Z–´ Y+

´	´
X+	X–

Y– Z´+

Fig. 3.2: The direction keys on the TNC control panel, with the key for rapid traverse in the center

Z

Y

X

	´			Press the direction key, here for the positive Z direction (Z'+) and hold it
Press and hold:	Z+			as long as you wish the axis to move.

Example 2: For continuous movement of the machine axes

Operating mode: MANUAL OPERATION

	´		NC		Start movement of the axis: Press the direction key, here for the positive
Together:	Z+				Z direction (Z'+) together with the NC-I key.
	NC
					Stop the axis.
	0

TNC 124

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3Manual Operation and Setup Moving the Machine Axes

Traversing with the electronic handwheel

Electronic handwheels can be connected only to machines with preloaded drives. The machine manufacturer can tell you whether electronic handwheels can be connected on your machine.

You can connect the following HEIDENHAIN electronic handwheels to your TNC 124:

•HR 410 portable handwheel

•HR 130 integral handwheel

Direction of traverse

The machine manufacturer determines in which direction the handwheel must be turned to move an axis in a specific direction.

If you are working with the HR 410 portable handwheel

The HR 410 portable handwheel is equipped with two permissive buttons . You can move the machine axes with the handwheel only if a permissive button is depressed.

Other features of the HR 410:

•Axis selection keys X, Y and Z .

•The axes can be moved continuously with the + and – direction keys .

•Three keys for slow, medium and fast traverse .

•Actual-position-capture key for transferring positions or tool data in teach-in mode directly from the position display into the program or tool table (without having to type the numbers).

•Three keys for machine functions defined by the machine tool builder.

•EMERGENCY STOP button for immediate machine shutdown in case of danger. This safety feature is additional to the permissivebuttons.

•Magnetic holding pads on the back of the handwheel enable you to place it within easy reach on a flat metal surface.

Example: Moving a machine axis with the HR 410 electronic handwheel, for example the Y axis

1

2

3

4

XIV

Y

V

5

Z

6

7

–+

8

FCT	FCT	FCT
A	B	C

Fig. 3.3: The HR 410 portable electronic handwheel

Operating mode:

Y

MANUAL MODE

Select the Electronic handwheel function.

The handwheel symbol is displayed next to the “X” for the X coordinate.

Select the coordinate axis at the handwheel.

The handwheel symbol is shifted to the selected coordinate axis.

Select the traverse per revolution: large, medium, or small, as preset by the machine tool builder.

Press the permissive button! Turn the handwheel to move the machine axis.

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TNC 124

3Manual Operation and Setup Moving the Machine Axes

Incremental jog positioning

Incremental jog positioning enables you to move a machine axis by the increment you have preset each time you press the corresponding direction key.

Current jog increment

If you enter a jog increment, the TNC stores the entered value and displays it right of the highlighted input line for Infeed.

The programmed jog increment is effective until a new value is entered by keyboard or soft key.

Maximum input value

0.001 mm£ jog increment£ 99.999 mm

Changing the feed rate F

You can increase or decrease the feed rate F by turning the knob for feedrateoverride.

Fig. 3.4: TNC screen for incremental jog positioning

Example: Moving the machine axis in the X+ direction by incremental
jog positioning	Z
	5	5
	5	10	X
Operating mode: MANUAL OPERATION
Select the	Jog Increm. function.

I n f e e d :

0 . 0 0 0

Enter the infeed (5 mm)—by soft key.

or

or

Enter the infeed (5 mm)—with the keyboard and confirm your entry with ENT.

5 ENT

I n f e e d 0 . 0

X+´

:
0 0	5 . 0 0 0

Move the machine axis by the entered infeed, for example in the X+direction.

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3Manual Operation and Setup

MOD

Entering tool length and radius

Enter the lengths and radii of your tools in the TNC's tool table. The TNC will then take the entered data into account for datum setting and all other machining processes.

You can enter up to 99 tools.

The tool length is the difference in lengthDL between the tool and the zero tool.

To enter the tool length directly move the tool until it touches the workpiece and transfer the tool position coordinate by using the “actual position capture” function.

Sign for the length difference DL

If the tool is longer than the zero tool: DL > 0 If the tool is shorter than the zero tool: DL < 0

Z
T1	T2	T3
R1	R2	R3
		∆L3<0
∆L1=0		X
		∆L2>0

Fig. 3.5: Tool length and radius

Example: Entering the tool length and radius
into the tool table	Z
Tool number:	e.g. 7
Tool length:	T0	T7
	L = 12 mm
Tool radius:	R = 8 mm	R7

X

L0=0

L7>0

MOD	Select the user parameters.
/	Go to the soft-key row containing Tool Table.
	Open the tool table.

T o o l

7ENT

T o o l

1 2 ENT

or

or

n u m b e r ?

Enter the tool number (such as 7) and confirm your entry with ENT.

l e n g t h ?

Enter the tool length (12 mm) and confirm your entry with ENT.

or

Capture the actual position in the tool axis by pressing the soft key.

or

Capture the actual position in the tool axis by pressing key on the handwheel.

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TNC 124

3Manual Operation and Setup

MOD

T o o l r a d i u s ?

8 ENT

Enter the tool radius (8 mm) and confirm your entry with ENT.

MOD

Depart the user parameters.

Calling the tool data

The lengths and radii of your tools must first be entered into the TNC's tool table (see previous page).

Before you start workpiece machining, select the tool you are using from the tool table. To call the desired tool, move the highlight to the tool, select the axis with the corresponding soft key and press the soft key Tool Table.

The TNC then takes into account the stored tool data when you work with tool compensation (e.g., with hole patterns).

You can also call the tool data with the command

TOOL CALL in a program.

Fig. 3.6: The tool table on the TNC screen

Example: Calling the tool data
MOD	Select the user parameters.
/	Go to the first soft-key row containing Tool Table.
	Select the tool table.

T o o l n u m b e r ?

5	ENT	Enter the tool number (here: 5) and confirm your entry with ENT.

Select the Tool axis (Z).

“Activate” the tool and depart the user parameters.

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3 Manual Operation and Setup

MOD

Selecting datum points

The TNC 124 can store up to 99 datum points in a datum table. In most cases this will free you from having to calculate the axis travel when working with complicated workpiece drawings containing several datums, or when several workpieces are clamped to the machine table at the same time.

For each datum point, the datum table contains the positions that the TNC 124 assigned to the reference point on the scale of each axis (REF values) during datum setting. Note that if you change the REF values in the table, this will move the datum point.

The TNC 124 displays the number of the current datum at the lower right of the screen.

To select the datum:

In all operating modes:

Press MOD and go to the soft key row containing

Datum Table.

Choose the soft key Datum Table.

Select the datum you are using from the datum table.

Leave the datum table: Press MOD again.

In the MANUAL OPERATION and POSITIONING WITH MDI modes of operation:

Press the vertical arrow keys.

The machine manufacturer determines whether “quick datum selection” via arrow keys is enabled on your TNC.

In the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING / PROGRAM RUN modes of operation:

You can also select a datum point by entering the command “DATUM”inaprogram.

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TNC 124