HEIDENHAIN TNC 407 User Manual

Controls on the TNC 407, TNC 415 B and TNC 425

Controls on the visual display unit

Toggle display between machining and
programming modes

GRAPHICS
TEXT
SPLIT
SCREEN

Switch-over key for displaying graphics only,
program blocks only, or both program blocks
and graphics

Soft keys for selecting function in screen

Shift keys for soft keys

Brightness, Contrast

Typewriter keyboard for entering letters and symbols

Q

R

G F S T M

File names/

YW E T

comments

ISO programs

Machine operating modes

MANUAL OPERATION

EL. HANDWHEEL

POSITIONING WITH MDI

Programming path movements

APPR

DEP

L

CR

CT

CHF

RND

CC

C

Approach/depart contour

Straight line

Circle center/pole for polar coordinates

Circle with center point

Circle with radius

Tangential circle

Chamfer

Corner rounding

Tool functions

TOOL

R

DEF

TOOL
CALL

R

R

+

Enter or call tool length and radius

L

Activate tool radius compensation

-

Cycles, subprograms and program section repeats

CYCL

CYCL

DEF

LBL
SET

CALL

LBL

CALL

Define and call cycles

Enter and call labels for subprogramming and
program section repeats

PROGRAM RUN/SINGLE BLOCK

PROGRAM RUN/FULL SEQUENCE

Programming modes

PROGRAMMING AND EDITING

TEST RUN

Program/file management

PGM

NAME

CL

PGM

PGM

CALL

EXT

MOD

Select programs and files

Delete programs and files

Enter program call in a program

Activate external data transfer

Select miscellaneous functions

Moving the cursor and for going directly
to blocks, cycles and parameter functions

Move cursor (highlight)

GOTO

Go directly to blocks, cycles and
parameter functions

Override control knobs
Feed rate Spindle speed

100

100

STOP

TOUCH
PROBE

Enter program stop in a program

Enter touch probe functions in a program

Coordinate axes and numbers, editing

Select coordinate axes or

X

P

V

...

0

...

.

/

+

enter them into program

Numbers

9

Decimal point

Arithmetic sign

Polar coordinates

Incremental dimensions

Q

Q parameters for part families or
in mathematical functions

Capture actual position

NO

ENT

END

ENT

Skip dialog questions, delete words

Confirm entry and resume dialog

End block

50

CE

1

S %

50

DEL

1

50

0

F %

50

0

Clear numerical entry or TNC message

Abort dialog; delete program sections

TNC Guideline:

From workpiece drawing to
program-controlled machining

Step Task TNC Section in

operating mode manual

Preparation

1 Select tools —— ——

2 Set workpiece datum for

coordinate system —— ——

3 Determine spindle speeds

and feed rates —— 12.4

4 Switch on machine —— 1.3

5 Cross over reference marks

6 Clamp workpiece —— ——

7 Set datum /

Reset position display...

7a ... with

7b ... without

8 Enter part program or download 5 to 8

9 Test part program for errors 3.1

10 Test run: Run program block by

11 If necessary: Optimize part

3D Touch Probe or 9.2

3D Touch Probe or 2.3

Entering and testing part programs

over external data interface

block without tool 3.2

program 5 to 8

or 1.3, 2.1

EXT

or or 10

Machining the workpiece

12 Insert tool and run

part program 3.2

1 Introduction

1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407

The TNCs are shop-floor programmable contouring controls for boring
machines, milling machines and machining centers with up to 5 axes. It
also features oriented spindle stop.

In the TNC, one operating mode for machine movement (machining
modes) and one for programming or program testing (programming
modes) are always simultaneously active.

The TNC 425

This control features digital control of machine axis speed. The TNC 425
provides high geometrical accuracy, even with complex workpiece
surfaces and at high speeds.

The TNC 415 B

The TNC 415 B uses an analog method of speed control in the drive
amplifier. All the programming and machining functions of the TNC 425
are also available on the TNC 415 B.

The TNC 407

The TNC 407 uses an analog method of speed control in the drive
amplifier. Most programming and machining functions of the TNC 425 are
also available on the TNC 407, with the following exceptions:

• Graphics during program run

• Tilting the machining plane

• Three-dimensional radius compensation

• Linear movement in more than three axes

Technical differences between TNCs

TNC 425 TNC 415 B TNC 407

Speed control Digital Analog Analog
Block processing time 4 ms 4 ms 24 ms
Control loop cycle time:

Position controller 3 ms 2 ms 6 ms
Control loop cycle time:

Speed controller 0,6 ms 0.6 ms --­Program memory 256 K byte 256 K byte 128 K byte
Input resolution 0.1 µm 0.1 µm 1 µm

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-2

1 Introduction

1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407

Visual display unit and keyboard

The 14-inch color screen displays all the information necessary for effec­tive use of the TNCs’ capabilities. Immediately below the screen are soft
keys (keys whose functions are identified on screen) to simplify and
improve flexibility of programming.

The keys are arranged on the keyboard in groups according to function:
This makes it easier to create programs and to use the TNC’s functions.

Programming

The TNCs are programmed right at the machine with interactive, conver­sational guidance. If a production drawing is not specially dimensioned for
NC, the HEIDENHAIN FK free contour programming makes the necessary
calculations automatically. The TNCs can also be programmed in ISO
format or in DNC mode.

The TNC function for sectioning programs provides a clearer view of long
programs. You can use this function to subdivide a specific program into
structural points. The individual structural points are then displayed in the
right window of the screen and enable you to recognize the structure of
the program at a glance.

Graphics

Interactive graphics show you the contour that you are programming.
Workpiece machining can be graphically simulated both during (only
TNC 415 B and TNC 425) or before actual machining. Various display
modes are available.

Compatibility

The TNCs can execute all part programs that were written on
HEIDENHAIN controls TNC 150 B and later.

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-3

1 Introduction

1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407

Keyboard

The keys on the TNC keyboard are marked with symbols and abbrevia­tions that make them easy to remember. They are grouped according to
the following functions:

Typewriter-style keyboard for entering
file names, comments and other texts,
as well as programming in ISO format

Numerical input and axis selection

Program and file
management

Machine
operating
modes

The functions of the individual keys are described in the fold-out of the
front cover.

Machine panel buttons, e.g.

for your machine tool. In this manual they are shown in gray.

(NC start), are describe in the manual

I

Programming
modes

Dialog initiation

Arrow keys and
GOTO jump
command

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-4

1 Introduction

1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407

Visual display unit

Soft keys with context-specific
functions, and two shift keys
for additional soft-key rows

Brightness control

Contrast control

Switchover between
the active program­ming and machining
modes

GRAPHICS
TEXT
SPLIT
SCREEN

SPLIT SCREEN key for
switching screen
layout (see page 1-6)

Headline

The two selected TNC modes are written in the screen headline:
the machining mode to the left and the programming mode to the right.
The currently active mode is displayed in the larger box, where the dialog
prompts and TNC messages also appear.

Soft keys

The soft keys select functions which are described in the fields immedi­ately above them. The shift keys to the right and left call additional soft­key functions. Colored lines above the soft-key row indicate the number of
available rows. The line representing the active row is highlighted.

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-5

1 Introduction

1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407

Screen layout

You can select the type of display on the TNC screen by pressing the
SPLIT SCREEN key and one of the soft keys listed below. Depending on
the active mode of operation, you can select:

Mode of operation Screen layout Soft key

MANUAL Display positions only
ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL

POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT Display program blocks only

PROGRAM RUN / FULL SEQUENCE, Display program blocks only
PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK,
TEST RUN

Display positions in the left and
STATUS in the right screen window

Display program blocks in the left and
STATUS in the right screens window

Display program blocks in the left and
program structure in the right screen window

Display program blocks in the left and
STATUS in the right screen window

Display program blocks in the left and
graphics in the right screen window

Display graphics only

PROGRAMMING AND EDITING Display program blocks only

Display program blocks in the left and
program structure in the right screen window

Display program blocks in the left and
programming graphics in the right screen window

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-6

1 Introduction

1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407

Screen layout of modesScreen layout of modes

Screen layout of modes

Screen layout of modesScreen layout of modes

PROGRAMMING AND EDITING

Machining
mode

Programming mode is active

Text of the
selected
program

TEST RUN:

Machining
mode

Display of
structural
points

Soft-key row

Programming mode is active

Text of the
selected
program

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-7

Graphics
(or additional
status display,
or program
structure)

Soft-key row

1 Introduction

1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407

MANUAL OPERATION and ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL modes:

• Coordinates

• Selected axis

• ❊, if TNC is in

operation

• Status display,
e.g. feed rate F,
miscellaneous
function M,
Symbols for basic
rotation and/or tilted
working plane

A machining mode is
selected

Programming
mode

Additional
status display

Soft-key row

PROGRAM RUN / FULL SEQUENCE, PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK

A machining mode is
selected

Text of the
selected
program

Status display

Programming
mode

Graphics
(or additional
status display,
or program
structure)

Soft-key row

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-8

1 Introduction

1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407

TNC Accessories

3D touch probes

The TNC provides the following features when
used in conjunction with a 3D touch probe (see
Chapter 9):

• Electronic workpiece locating (compensation
of workpiece misalignment)

• Datum setting

• Workpiece measurement during program run

• Digitizing 3D surfaces (option)

• Tool measurement with the TT 110 touch probe

Fig. 1.6: HEIDENHAIN 3D touch probes TS 511 and TS 120

Floppy disk unit

With the HEIDENHAIN FE 401 floppy disk unit you
can store programs and tables on diskette.
It is also a means of transferring programs which
were created on a personal computer.

With the FE 401 you can transfer programs that
were written on a PC to the TNC. Very large
programs that exceed the storage capacity of the
TNC can be “drip fed” block-by-block: The machine
executes the transferred blocks and erases them
immediately, freeing memory for more blocks from
the FE.

Electronic handwheel

Electronic handwheels give you manual control of
the axis slides. Similar to a conventional machine
tool, the machine slide moves in direct relation to
the rotation of the handwheel. A wide range of
traverses per handwheel revolution is available.

Portable handwheels such as the HR 330 are
connected via cable to the TNC. Integral hand­wheels such as the HR 130 are built into the
machine control panel. An adapter permits connec­tion of up to three handwheels.

Your machine manufacturer can tell you more about
the handwheel configuration of your machine.

Fig. 1.7: HEIDENHAIN FE 401 floppy disk unit

Fig. 1.8: The HR 330 electronic handwheel

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-9

1 Introduction

1.2 Fundamentals of Numerical Control (NC)

Introduction

This chapter covers the following points:

• What is NC?

• The part program

• Conversational programming

• Reference system

• Cartesian coordinate system

• Additional axes

• Polar coordinates

• Setting a pole at a circle center (CC)

• Datum setting

• Absolute workpiece positions

• Incremental workpiece positions

• Programming tool movements

• Position encoders

• Reference marks

What is NC?

NC stands for “Numerical Control,” that is, control of a machine tool by
means of numbers. Modern controls such as the TNC have a built-in
computer for this purpose and are therefore called CNC (Computerized
Numerical Control).

The part program

The part program is a complete list of instructions for machining a part.
It contains, for example, the target position of a tool movement, the path
function—how the tool should move toward the target position— and the
feed rate. Information on the radius and length of the tool, spindle speed
and tool axis must also be given in the program.

Conversational programming

Conversational programming is an especially easy method of writing
and editing part programs. From the very beginning, the TNCs from
HEIDENHAIN were developed specifically for shop-floor programming
by the machinist. This is why they are called TNC, or “Touch Numerical
Controls.”

You begin programming each machining step by simply pressing a key.
The control then asks for all the information that it needs to execute the
step. It points out programming errors that it recognizes.

In addition to conversational programming, you can also program the TNC
in ISO format or transfer programs from a central host computer for DNC
operation.

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-10

1 Introduction

0° 90°90°

0°

30°

30°

60°

60°

Greenwich

+X

+Y

+Z

+X

+Z

+Y

1.2 Fundamentals of NC

Reference system

In order to define positions one needs a reference system. For example,
positions on the earth's surface can be defined absolutely by their geo­graphic coordinates of longitude and latitude. The word
from the Latin word for "that which is arranged." The network of longitude
and latitude lines around the globe constitutes an absolute reference
system—in contrast to the relative definition of a position that is refer­enced to a known location.

coordinate

comes

Cartesian coordinate system

On a TNC-controlled milling machine, workpieces are normally machined
according to a workpiece-based Cartesian coordinate system (a rectangu­lar coordinate system named after the French mathematician and
philosopher Renatus Cartesius, who lived from 1596 to 1650). The
Cartesian coordinate system is based on three coordinate axes X, Y and Z
which are parallel to the machine guideways.

The figure to the right illustrates the "right-hand rule" for remembering the
three axis directions: the middle finger is pointing in the positive direction
of the tool axis from the workpiece toward the tool (the Z axis), the thumb
is pointing in the positive X direction, and the index finger in the positive Y
direction.

Fig. 1.9: The geographic coordinate system

is an absolute reference system

Fig. 1.10: Designations and directions of the

axes on a milling machine

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-11

1 Introduction

1.2 Fundamentals of NC

Additional axes

The TNCs (except TNC 407) can control the machine in more than three
axis. The axes U, V and W are secondary linear axes parallel to the main
axes X, Y and Z, respectively (see illustration). Rotary axes
possible. They are designated as A, B and C.

are also

W+

Z

Y

C+

B+

V+

A+

Polar coordinates

The Cartesian coordinate system is especially
useful for parts whose dimensions are mutually
perpendicular. For parts containing circular arcs or
angles it is often simpler to give the dimensions in
polar coordinates. While Cartesian coordinates are
three-dimensional and can describe points in space,
polar coordinates are two dimensional and describe
points in a plane. Polar coordinates have their
datum at a circle center (CC), or pole, from which a
position is measured in terms of its distance from
that pole and the angle of its position in relation to
the pole.

You could think of polar coordinates as the result of
a measurement using a scale whose zero point is
fixed at the datum and which you can rotate to
different angles in the plane around the pole.

The positions in this plane are defined by

U+

Fig. 1.11: Direction and designation of

additional axes

Y

X

PR

PA

3

PR

10

30

Fig. 1.12: Identifying positions on a circular arc with polar coordinates

PA

CC

PR

2

PA

1

0°

X

• the Polar Radius (PR) which is the distance

from the circle center CC to the position,
and the

• Polar Angle (PA) which is the size of the

angle between the reference axis and the scale.

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-12

1 Introduction

Y

X

Z

1.2 Fundamentals of NC

Setting a pole at a circle center (CC)

The pole is set by entering two Cartesian coordinates. These coordinates
also set the reference axis for the polar angle (PA).

Coordinates of the pole Reference axis of the angle

X Y +X
Y Z +Y
Z X +Z

Z

Z

Y

CC

+

CC

0°

X

Fig. 1.13: Polar coordinates and their associated reference axes

Setting the datum

The workpiece drawing identifies a certain prominent point on the work­piece (usually a corner) as the absolute datum and perhaps one or more
other points as relative datums. The process of datum setting establishes
these points as the origin of the absolute or relative coordinate systems:
The workpiece, which is aligned with the machine axes, is moved to a
certain position relative to the tool and the display is set either to zero or
to another appropriate position value (e.g. to compensate the tool radius).

+

Z

Y

Y

0°

0°

+

CC

X

X

Fig. 1.14: The workpiece datum serves as

the origin of the Cartesian
coordinate system

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-13

1 Introduction

1.2 Fundamentals of NC

Example:

Drawings with several relative datums
(according to ISO 129 or DIN 406, Part 11; Figure 171)

1225

750

320

125

250

216,5

216,5

250

-250

-125

-216,5

0

125
0

-125

-216,5

-250

150
0

-150

300±0,1

0

0

0

325

450

700

900

950

Example:

Coordinates of the point ➀ :

X = 10 mm
Y = 5 mm
Z = 0 mm

The datum of the Cartesian coordinate system is located 10 mm away
from point ➀ on the X axis and 5 mm on the Y axis.

The 3D Touch Probe System from HEIDENHAIN is an especially conven­ient and efficient way to find and set datums.

Z

Y

X

1

5

10

Fig. 1.16: Point ➀ defines the coordinate

system.

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-14

1 Introduction

Y

X

Z

1

20

10

Z=15mm

X=20mm

Y=10mm

15

I

Z=–15mm

Y

X

Z

2

10

5

5

15

20

10

10

I

X=10mm

I

Y=10mm

3

0

0

1.2 Fundamentals of NC

Absolute workpiece positions

Each position on the workpiece is clearly defined by its absolute coordi­nates.

Example:Example:

Example: Absolute coordinates of the position ➀:

Example:Example:

X = 20 mm
Y = 10 mm
Z = 15 mm

If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a workpiece drawing
with absolute coordinates, you are moving the tool to the coordinates.

Incremental workpiece positions

A position can be referenced to the previous nominal position: i.e. the
relative datum is always the last programmed position. Such coordinates
are referred to as incremental coordinates (increment = “growth”), or
also incremental or chain dimensions (since the positions are defined as a
chain of dimensions). Incremental coordinates are designated with the
prefix I.

Example: Incremental coordinates of the position ➂

referenced to position ➁

Absolute coordinates of the position ➁:

X = 10 mm
Y = 5 mm
Z = 20 mm

Incremental coordinates of the position ➂:

IX = 10 mm
IY = 10 mm
IZ = –15 mm

If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a workpiece drawing
with incremental coordinates, you are moving the tool by the coordinates.

An incremental position definition is therefore a specifically relative
definition. This is also the case when a position is defined by the
distance-to-go to the target position (here the relative datum is located at
the target position). The distance-to-go has a negative sign if the target
position lies in the negative axis direction from the actual position.

The polar coordinate system can also express both
types of dimensions:

• Absolute polar coordinates

always refer to the

Y

pole (CC) and the reference axis.

• Incremental polar coordinates always refer to
the last programmed nominal position of the
tool.

PR

10

Fig. 1.17: Definition of position ➀ through

Fig. 1.18: Definition of positions ➁ and ➂

+IPR

+IPA +IPA

absolute coordinates

through incremental coordinates

PR

PR

PA

CC

0°

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-15

Fig. 1.19: Incremental dimensions in polar coordinates (designated

with an "I")

30

X

1 Introduction

1.2 Fundamentals of NC

Example:
Workpiece drawing with coordinate dimensioning

(according to ISO 129 or DIN 406, Part 11; Figure 179)

2.1

2.2

2.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

r

3.7
3

3.8

3.9

3.10
Y2

2 1.3

X2

3.3

3.11

3.2

3.1

3.12

ϕ

1.21.1

Y1

1

X1

Dimensions in mm

Coordinate
Origin Pos. X1 X2 Y1 Y2 r

1100 –
1 1,1 325 320 Ø 120 H7
1 1,2 900 320 Ø 120 H7
1 1,3 950 750 Ø 200 H7
1 2 450 750 Ø 200 H7
1 3 700 1225 Ø 400 H8
2 2,1 –300 150 Ø 50 H11
2 2,2 –300 0 Ø 50 H11
2 2,3 –300 –150 Ø 50 H11
3 3,1 250 0° Ø 26
3 3,2 250 30° Ø 26
3 3,3 250 60° Ø 26
3 3,4 250 90° Ø 26
3 3,5 250 120° Ø 26
3 3,6 250 150° Ø 26
3 3,7 250 180° Ø 26
3 3,8 250 210° Ø 26
3 3,9 250 240° Ø 26
3 3,10 250 270° Ø 26
3 3,11 250 300° Ø 26
3 3,12 250 330° Ø 26

Coordinates

ϕϕ

ϕ d

ϕϕ

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-16

1 Introduction

Y

X

Z

1.2 Fundamentals of NC

Programming tool movements

During workpiece machining, an axis position is changed either by moving
the tool or by moving the machine table on which the workpiece is fixed.

You always program as if the tool is moving and the workpiece is
stationary.

If the machine table moves, the axis is designated on the machine
operating panel with a prime mark (e.g. X’, Y’). Whether an axis designa­tion has a prime mark or not, the programmed direction of axis movement
is always the direction of tool movement relative to the workpiece.

+Y

+Z

+X

Position encoders

The position encoders – linear encoders for linear axes, angle encoders for
rotary axes – convert the movement of the machine axes into electrical
signals. The control evaluates these signals and constantly calculates the
actual position of the machine axes.

If there is an interruption in power, the calculated position will no longer
correspond to the actual position. When power is returned, the TNC can
re-establish this relationship.

Reference marks

The scales of the position encoders contain one or more reference marks.
When a reference mark is passed over, it generates a signal which
identifies that position as the machine axis reference point.
With the aid of this reference mark the TNC can re-establish the assign­ment of displayed positions to machine axis positions.

If the position encoders feature distance-coded reference marks, each
axis need only move a maximum of 20 mm (0.8 in.) for linear encoders,
and 20° for angle encoders.

Fig. 1.21: On this machine the tool moves in

the Y and Z axes; the workpiece
moves in the positive X' axis.

Fig. 1.22: Linear position encoder, here for

the X axis

Fig. 1.23: Linear scales: above with

distance-coded-reference marks,
below with one reference mark

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-17

1 Introduction

1.3 Switch-on

The switching on and traversing of reference marks are machine tool dependent functions. See your machine tool
manual.

Switch on the TNC and machine tool. The TNC automatically initiates the
following dialog:

MEMORY TEST

The TNC memory is automatically checked.

POWER INTERRUPTED

CE

TRANSLATE PLC PROGRAM

The PLC program of the TNC is automatically translated.

RELAY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING

I

MANUAL OPERATION

TRAVERSE REFERENCE POINTS

I

X

The TNC is now ready for operation in the
MANUAL OPERATION mode.

Y

TNC message indicating that the power was interrupted.
Clear the message.

Switch on the control voltage.
The TNC checks the function of the EMERGENCY OFF button.

Move the axes in the displayed sequence across the reference marks:
For each axis press the START key. Or

Cross the reference points in any direction:
Press and hold the machine axis direction button for each axis
until the reference point has been traversed.

The reference marks need only be traversed if the machine axes are to be moved. If you
intend only to write, edit or test programs, you can select the PROGRAMMING AND
EDITING or TEST RUN modes of operation immediately after switching on the control
voltage. The reference marks can then be traversed later by pressing the PASS OVER
REFERENCE soft key in the MANUAL OPERATION mode.

The reference point of a tilted coordinate system can be traversed by
pressing the machine axis direction buttons. The "tilting the working plane"
function (see page 2-11) must be active in the manual operating mode.
The TNC then interpolates the corresponding axes. The NC START key
has no function and if it is pressed the TNC will respond with an ERROR
message. Make sure that the angular values entered in the menu
correspond with the actual angle of the tilted axis.

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-18

1 Introduction

1.4 Graphics and Status Displays

In the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING mode of operation the pro­grammed macro is displayed as a two-dimensional graphic. During free
contour programming (FK) the programming graphic is interactive.

In the program run (except on TNC 407) and test run operating modes, the
TNC provides the following three display modes:

• Plan view

• Projection in three planes

• 3D view

The display mode is selectable via soft key.

On the TNC 415 B and TNC 425, workpiece machining can also be
graphically simulated in real time.

The TNC graphic depicts the workpiece as if it is being machined by a
cylindrical end mill. If tool tables are used, a spherical cutter can also be
depicted (see page 4-10).

The graphics window does not show the workpiece if

• the current program has no valid blank form definition

• no program is selected

With the machine parameters MP7315 to MP7317 a graphic is generated
even if no tool axis is defined or moved.

The graphics cannot show rotary axis movements (error message).

Graphics during program run

A graphical representation of a running program is not possible if the
microprocessor of the TNC is already occupied with complicated machin­ing tasks or if large areas are being machined.

Example:

Stepover milling of the entire blank form with a large tool.

The TNC interrupts the graphics and displays the text “ERROR” in the
graphics window. The machining process is continued, however.

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-19

1 Introduction

1.4 Graphics and Status Displays

Plan view

The depth of the workpiece surface is displayed
according to the principle “the deeper, the
darker.”

Use the soft keys to select the number of depth
levels that can be displayed.

• TEST RUN mode: 16 or 32 levels

• PROGRAM RUN modes: 16 or 32 levels

Plan view is the fastest of the three graphic
display modes.

Fig. 1.24: TNC graphics, plan view

or

Switch over soft keys.

Show 16 or 32 shades of depth.

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-20

1 Introduction

1.4 Graphics and Status Displays

Projection in 3 planes

Similar to a workpiece drawing, the part is dis­played with a plan view and two sectional
planes. A symbol to the lower left indicates wheth­er the display is in first angle or third angle
projection according to ISO 6433 (selectable via MP

7310).

Details can be isolated in this display mode for
magnification (see page 1–24).

Shifting planes

The sectional planes can be shifted as desired.
The positions of the sectional planes are visible
during shifting.

Fig. 1.25: TNC graphics, projection in three planes

Fig. 1.26: Shifting sectional planes

or

Shift the soft-key row.

Shift the vertical sectional plane to the right or left.

or

Shift the horizontal sectional plane upwards or downwards.

or

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-21

1 Introduction

1.4 Graphics and Status Displays

Cursor position during projection in 3 planes

The TNC shows the coordinates of the cursor
position at the bottom of the graphics window.
Only the coordinates of the working plane are
shown.

This function is activated with machine parameter
MP7310.

Cursor position during detail magnification

During detail magnification, the TNC displays the
coordinates of the axis that is currently being
moved.

The coordinates describe the area determined for
magnification. To the left of the slash is the small­est coordinate of the detail in the current axis, to
the right is the largest.

Fig. 1.27: The coordinates of the cursor position are

displayed to the lower left of the graphic

3D view

The workpiece is displayed in three dimensions,
and can be rotated around the vertical axis.

The shape of the workpiece blank can be depicted
by a frame overlay at the beginning of the graphic
simulation.

In the TEST RUN mode of operation you can isolate
details for magnification.

Fig. 1.28: TNC graphics, 3D view

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-22

1 Introduction

1.4 Graphics and Status Displays

To rotate the 3D view:

or

Shift the soft-key row.

Rotate the workpiece in 27° steps around the vertical axis.

or

The current angular attitude of the display is
indicated at the lower left of the graphic.

To switch the frame overlay display on/off:

Show or omit the frame overlay of the workpiece blank form.

or

Fig. 1.29: Rotated 3D view

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-23

1 Introduction

1.4 Graphics and Status Displays

Magnifying details

You can magnify details in the TEST RUN mode of
operation in the

• projection in three planes, and

• 3D view

display modes, provided that the graphical simula­tion is stopped. A detail magnification is always
effective in all three display modes.

To select detail magnification:

Fig. 1.30: Magnifying a detail of a projection in three planes

or

Shift the soft-key row.

Select the left/right workpiece surface.

Select the front/back workpiece surface.

Select the top/bottom workpiece surface.

Shift sectional plane to reduce/magnify the blank form.

or

If desired

Select the isolated detail.

Restart the test run or program run.

If a graphic display is magnified, this is indicated with MAGN at the lower
right of the graphics window. If the detail in not magnified with TRANSFER
DETAIL, you can make a test run of the shifted sectional planes.

If the workpiece blank cannot be further enlarged or reduced, the TNC displays an error message in the graphics
window. The error message disappears when the workpiece blank is enlarged or reduced.

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-24

1 Introduction

1.4 Graphics and Status Displays

Repeating graphic simulation

A part program can be graphically simulated as often as desired, either
with the complete workpiece blank or with a detail of it.

Function Soft key

• Restore workpiece blank as it was last shown

• Show the complete BLK FORM as it appeared
before a detail was magnified via TRANSFER
DETAIL

The WINDOW BLK FORM soft key will return the blank form to its original shape and size, even if a detail has
been isolated and not yet magnified with TRANSFER DETAIL.

Measuring the machining time

At the lower right of the graphics window the TNC
shows the calculated machining time in

hours: minutes: seconds

(maximum 99 : 59 : 59)

• Program run:
The clock counts and displays the time from
program start to program end. The timer stops
whenever machining is interrupted.

• Test run:
The clock shows the time which the TNC
calculates for the duration of tool movements.

To activate the stopwatch function:

or

Fig. 1.31: The calculated machining time is shown at the

lower right of the workpiece graphic

Press the shift keys until the soft-key row with the stopwatch func­tions appears.

The soft keys available to the left of the stopwatch functions depend on the selected display mode.

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-25

1 Introduction

1.4 Graphics and Status Displays

Stopwatch functions Soft key

Store displayed time

Show the sum of the stored time and
the displayed time

Clear displayed time

Status displays

During a program run mode of operation the status
display contains the current coordinates and the
following information:

• Type of position display (ACTL, NOML, ...)

• Number of the current tool T

• Tool axis

• Spindle speed S

• Feed rate F

• Active M functions

• “Control in operation” symbol: ❊

• “Axis is locked” symbol:

• Axis can be moved with the handwheel:

• Axes are moving in a tilted working plane:

• Axes are moving under a basic rotation:

Additional status displays

The additional status displays contain further information on the program
run.

To select additional status displays:

Fig. 1.32: Status display in a program run mode of operation

Set the STATUS soft key to ON.

or

Shift the soft-key row.

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-26

1 Introduction

1.4 Graphics and Status Displays

Additional status display Soft key

General program information

Positions and coordinates

Tool information

Coordinate transformations

Tool measurement

General program information

Positions and coordinates

Name of main program

Active programs

Cycle definition

Dwell time counter

Machining time

Circle center CC (pole)

Type of position display

Coordinates of the axes

Tilt angle of the working plane

Display of a basic rotation

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-27

1 Introduction

1.4 Graphics and Status Displays

Tool information

T: Tool name and number
RT: Name and number of a replacement tool

Tool axis

Tool length and radii

Oversizes (delta values)

Tool life, maximum tool life and maximum tool life
for TOOL CALL

Display of the programmed tool and the (next)
replacement tool

Coordinate transformations

Tool measurement

Main program name

Coordinates of the datum shift

Angle of basic rotation

Mirrored axis

Scaling factor(s)

Scaling datum

Number of the tool to be measured

Measured MIN and MAX values of the
single cutting edges and the result of
measuring the rotating tool

Display whether the tool radius or the tool length is
being measured

When working with the TT 110: Cutting edge
number with the corresponding measured value. If
the measured value is followed by an asterisk, the
allowable tolerance defined in the tool table was
exceeded.

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-28

1 Introduction

1.5 Interactive Programming Graphics

The TNC’s two-dimensional interactive graphics
generates the part contour as it is being pro­grammed.

The TNC provides the following features with the
interactive graphics for the PROGRAMMING AND
EDITING operating mode:

• Detail magnification

• Detail reduction

• Block number display ON/OFF

• Restoring incomplete lines

• Clearing the graphic

• Interrupting graphics

The graphic functions are selected exclusively with
soft keys.

To work with interactive graphics you must switch the screen layout to PGM + GRAPHICS (see page 1-6).

To generate graphics during programming:

Fig. 1.37: Interactive graphics

or

AUTO DRAW ON does not simulate program section repeats.

Shift the soft-key row.

Select/deselect graphic generation during programming.
The default setting is OFF.

Generating a graphic for an existing program

To generate a graphic up to a certain block:

or

GOTO

e.g.

4 7

TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-29

Select the desired block with the vertical cursor keys.

Enter the desired block number, e.g. 47.

Generate a graphic from block 1 to the entered block.
The AUTO DRAW soft key must be set to ON.