heidenhain TNC 426 User Manual

TNC 426

NC-Software 280 462 xx 280 463 xx

User’s Manual

Conversational

Programming

4/97

Controls on the TNC

Controls on the visual display unit

GRAPHICS TEXT SPLIT SCREEN

Toggle display between machining and programming modes

Split screen layout

Soft keys for selecting functions in screen

Shift soft-key rows for the soft keys

Brightness, contrast

Typewriter keyboard for entering letters and symbols

File name Q W E R T Y Comments

G	F S T M	ISO programs

Machine operating modes

MANUAL OPERATION

ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL

POSITIONING WITH MDI

PROGRAM RUN, SINGLE BLOCK

PROGRAM RUN, FULL SEQUENCE

Programming modes

PROGRAMMING AND EDITING

TEST RUN

Program/file management, TNC functions

PGM	Select or delete programs and files
MGT	External data transfer
PGM	Enter program call in a program
CALL
MOD	MOD functions
HELP	HELP functions
CALC	Pocket calculator

Moving the cursor, going directly to blocks, cycles and parameter functions

Move highlight

GOTO Go directly to blocks, cycles and parameter functions

Override control knobs for feed rate/spindle speed

	100		100
50	150	50	150
	F %		S %
	0		0

Programming path movements

APPR	Approach/depart contour
DEP
L	Straight line
CC	Circle center/pole for polar coordinates
C	Circle with center
CR	Circle with radius
CT	Tangential circle
CHF	Chamfer
RND	Corner rounding
Tool functions
TOOL	TOOL Enter or call tool length and radius
DEF	CALL

Cycles, subprograms and program section repeats

CYCL	CYCL	Define and call cycles
DEF	CALL
LBL	LBL	Enter and call labels for
SET	CALL	subprogramming and program
		section repeats
STOP	Program stop in a program
TOUCH	Enter touch probe functions in a program
PROBE

Coordinate axes and numbers, editing

X V Select coordinate axes or enter

...

them in a program

0	... 9 Numbers
	Decimal point
+/	Change arithmetic sign
P Polar coordinates
	Incremental dimensions
Q	Q parameters
	Capture actual position
NO	Skip dialog questions, delete words
ENT

Confirm entry and resume

ENT

dialog

END

End block

CE Clearsage numerical entry or TNC error mes-

DEL

Abort dialog, delete program section

TNC Models, Software and Features

This manual describes functions and features provided by the TNCs with the following NC software numbers.

TNC Model	NC Software No.
TNC 426 CA, TNC 426 PA	280 462 xx
TNC 426 CE, TNC 426 PE	280 463 xx

The suffix E indicates the export versions of the TNC, which have the following limitations:

■Input and machining accuracy are limited to 1 µm.

■Linear movement is possible in no more than 4 axes simultaneously

The machine tool builder adapts the useable features of the TNC to his machine by setting machine parameters. Therefore, some of the functions described in this manual may not be among the features provided by your machine tool.

TNC functions that may not be available on your machine include:

■Probing function for the 3-D touch probe

■Digitizing option

■Tool measurement with the TT 120

■Rigid tapping

■Returning to the contour after an interruption

Please contact your machine tool builder to become familiar with the individual implementation of the control on your machine.

Many machine manufacturers, as well as HEIDENHAIN, offer programming courses for the TNCs. We recommend these courses as an effective way of improving your programming skill and sharing information and ideas with other TNC users.

Location of use

The TNC complies with the limits for a Class A device in accordance with the specifications in EN 55022, and is intended for use primarily in industrially-zoned areas.

Contents

I

Contents

II

Contents

Contents

Introduction

Manual Operation and Setup

Positioning with Manual Data Input

Programming: Fundamentals of NC,

File Management, Programming Aids

Programming: Tools

Programming: Programming Contours

Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

Programming: Cycles

Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats

Programming: Q Parameters

Test Run and Program Run

3-D Touch Probes

Digitizing

MOD Functions

Tables and Overviews

Contents1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

HEIDENHAIN TNC 426

III

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1The TNC 426 2

1.2Visual Display Unit and Keyboard 3

1.3Modes of Operation 4

1.4Status Displays 6

1.5Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels 10

2 MANUAL OPERATION AND SETUP 11

2.1Switch-On 12

2.2Moving the Machine Axes 13

2.3Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M 15

2.4Setting the Datum (Without a 3-D Touch Probe) 16

2.5Tilting the Working Plane 17

3 POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT (MDI) 21

3.1Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations 22

4 PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS OF NC, FILE MANAGEMENT, PROGRAMMING AIDS 25

4.1Fundamentals of NC 26

4.2File Management 31

4.3Creating and Writing Programs 40

4.4Interactive Programming Graphics 44

4.5Structuring Programs 45

4.6Adding Comments 46

4.7Creating Text Files 47

4.8Integrated Pocket Calculator 50

4.9Creating Pallet Tables 51

5 PROGRAMMING: TOOLS 53

5.1Entering Tool-Related Data 54

5.2Tool Data 55

5.3Tool Compensation 62

5.4Three-Dimensional Tool

5.5Measuring Tools with the TT 120 Touch Probe 68

6 PROGRAMMING: PROGRAMMING CONTOURS 75

6.1Overview of Tool Movements 76

6.2Fundamentals of Path Functions 77

IV

Contents

6.3Contour Approach and Departure 80

Overview: Types of paths for contour approach and departure 80

Important positions for approach and departure 80

Approaching on a straight line

with tangential connection: APPR LT 81

Approaching on a straight line perpendicular to the first contour point: APPR LN 82 Approaching on a circular arc with tangential connection: APPR CT 82

Approaching on circular arc with tangential connection from straight line to the contour: APPR LCT 83 Departing tangentially on a straight line: DEP LT 84

Departing on a straight line perpendicular to the last contour point: DEP LN 84

Departing tangentially on a circular arc: DEP CT 85

Departing on a circular arc tangentially connecting the contour and a straight line: DEP LCT 85

6.4Path Contours — Cartesian Coordinates 86 Overview of path functions 86

Straight line L 87

Inserting a chamfer CHF between two straight lines 87 Circle center CC 88

Circular path C around circle center CC 89 Circular path CR with defined radius 90 Circular path CT with tangential connection 91 Corner Rounding RND 92

Example: Linear movements and chamfers with Cartesian coordinates 93 Example: Circular movements with Cartesian coordinates 95

Example: Full circle with Cartesian coordinates 95

6.5Path Contours — Polar Coordinates 96

Polar coordinate origin: Pole CC 96

Straight line LP 97

Circular path CP around pole CC 97

Circular path CTP with tangential connection 98

Helical interpolation 98

Example: Linear movement with polar coordinates 101

Example: Helix 101

Contents

HEIDENHAIN TNC 426

V

Contents

6.6 Path Contours — FK Free Contour Programming 102

Fundamentals 102

Graphics during FK programming 102

Initiating the FK dialog 103

Free programming of straight lines 104

Free programming of circular arcs 104

Auxiliary points 106

Relative data 107

Closed contours 109

Converting FK programs 109

Example: FK programming 1 111

Example: FK programming 2 111

Example: FK programming 3 112

7 PROGRAMMING: MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS		115
7.1	Entering Miscellaneous Functions M and STOP	116
7.2	Miscellaneous Functions for Program Run Control, Spindle and Coolant 117

7.3Miscellaneous Functions for Coordinate Data 117

7.4Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior 119 Smoothing corners: M90 119

Insert rounding arc between straight lines: M112 120

Ignore points for calculating the rounding arc with M112: M124 121 Jolt reduction when changing the direction of traverse: M132 121 Machining small contour steps: M97 122

Machining open contours: M98 123

Feed rate factor for plunging movements: M103 123 Feed rate at circular arcs: M109/M110/M111 124

Calculating the radius-compensated path in advance (LOOK AHEAD): M120 124 Superimposing handwheel positioning during program run: M118 125

7.5Miscellaneous Functions for Rotary Axes 125

Feed rate in mm/min on rotary axes A, B, C: M116 125

Shorter-path traverse of rotary axes: M126 126

Reducing display of a rotary axis to a value less than 360°: M94 126

Automatic compensation of machine geometry when working with tilted axes: M114 127 7.6 Miscellaneous Functions for Laser Cutting Machines 128

VI

Contents

8 PROGRAMMING: CYCLES 129

8.1General Overview of Cycles 130

8.2Drilling Cycles 132

PECKING (Cycle 1) 132
DRILLING (Cycle 200)	134
REAMING (Cycle 201)	135
BORING (Cycle 202)	136
UNIVERSAL DRILLING (Cycle 203) 137
TAPPING with a floating tap holder (Cycle 2)					139
RIGID TAPPING (Cycle 17) 140
THREAD CUTTING (Cycle 18)			141
Example: Drilling cycles		143
Example: Drilling cycles		143
8.3 Cycle for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots				144
POCKET MILLING (Cycle 4)			145
POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 212) 146
STUD FINISHING (Cycle 213)			148
CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING (Cycle 5) 149
CIRCULAR POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 214)					151
CIRCULAR STUD FINISHING (Cycle 215)				152
SLOT MILLING (Cycle 3)		154
SLOT with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 210) 155
CIRCULAR SLOT with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 211) 157
Example: Milling pockets, studs and slots				159

8.4Cycles for Machining Hole Patterns 161 CIRCULAR PATTERN (Cycle 220) 162 LINEAR PATTERN (Cycle 221) 163 Example: Circular hole patterns 165

8.5SL Cycles 167

CONTOUR GEOMETRY (Cycle 14) 169

Overlapping contours 169

CONTOUR DATA (Cycle 20) 171

PILOT DRILLING (Cycle 21) 172

ROUGH-OUT (Cycle 22) 172

FLOOR FINISHING (Cycle 23) 173

SIDE FINISHING (Cycle 24) 174

Contents

HEIDENHAIN TNC 426

VII

Contents

	CONTOUR TRAIN (Cycle 25)		174
	CYLINDER SURFACE (Cycle 27)			175
	Example: Roughing-out and fine-roughing a pocket 176
	Example: Pilot drilling, roughing-out and finishing overlapping contours 178
	Example: Contour train 180
	Example: Cylinder surface 182
8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling			185
	RUN DIGITIZED DATA (Cycle 30)			185
	MULTIPASS MILLING (Cycle 230)			187
	RULED SURFACE (Cycle 231) 189
	Example: Multipass milling		190
8.7	Coordinate Transformation Cycles			192
	DATUM SHIFT (Cycle 7) 193
	DATUM SHIFT with datum tables (Cycle 7)					194
	MIRROR IMAGE (Cycle 8) 196
	ROTATION (Cycle 10)	197
	SCALING FACTOR (Cycle 11)		198
	AXIS-SPECIFIC SCALING (Cycle 26)				199
	WORKING PLANE (Cycle 19)		200
	Example: Coordinate transformation cycles					202
8.8	Special Cycles 205
	DWELL TIME (Cycle 9)	205
	PROGRAM CALL (Cycle 12)		205
	ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP (Cycle 13)				206

9 PROGRAMMING: SUBPROGRAMS AND PROGRAM SECTION REPEATS 207

9.1Marking Subprograms and Program Section Repeats 208

9.2Subprograms 208

9.3Program Section Repeats 209

9.4Program as Subprogram 210

9.5Nesting 211

Subprogram within a subprogram 211

Repeating program section repeats 212

Repeating a subprogram 213

Example: Milling a contour in several infeeds 214

Example: Groups of holes 214

Example: Groups of holes with several tools 216

VIII

Contents

10 PROGRAMMING: Q PARAMETERS 219

10.1Principle and Overview 220

10.2Part Families — Q Parameters in Place of Numerical Values 221

10.3Describing Contours Through Mathematical Functions 222

10.4Trigonometric Functions 224

10.5 If-Then Decisions with Q Parameters 225

10.6Checking and Changing Q Parameters 226

10.7Additional Functions 227

10.8Entering Formulas Directly 232

10.9Preassigned Q Parameters 235

10.10Programming Examples 237

Example: Ellipse 236

Example: Concave cylinder machined with spherical cutter 238

Example: Convex sphere machined with end mill 240

11TEST RUN AND PROGRAM RUN 243

11.1Graphics 244

11.2Functions for Program Display in PROGRAM RUN and TEST RUN 249

11.3Test Run 249

11.4Program Run 251

11.5Optional Block Skip 256

123-D TOUCH PROBES 257

12.1Touch Probe Cycles in the MANUAL and ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL Operating Modes 258

12.2Setting the Datum with a 3-D Touch Probe 263

12.3Measuring Workpieces with a 3-D Touch Probe 266

13DIGITIZING 271

13.1Digitizing with a Triggering or Measuring Touch Probe (Optional) 272

13.2Programming Digitizing Cycles 273

13.3Meander Digitizing 277

13.4Contour Line Digitizing 279

13.5Unidirectional Line Digitizing 281

13.6Digitizing with a Rotary Axis 283

13.7Using Digitized Data in a Part Program 285

Contents

HEIDENHAIN TNC 426

IX

Contents

MOD FUNCTIONS 287

14.1Selecting, Changing and Exiting the MOD Functions 288

14.2Software Numbers and Option Numbers 289

14.3Code Number 289

14.4Setting the Data Interfaces 290

14.5Machine-Specific User Parameters 292

14.6Showing the Workpiece in the Working Space 292

14.7Position Display Types 294

14.8Unit of Measurement 294

14.9Programming Language for $MDI 295

14.10Selecting the Axes for Generating L Blocks 295

14.11Axis Traverse Limits, Datum Display 295

14.12HELP Files 296

14.13Operating Time 297

TABLES AND OVERVIEWS 299

15.1General User Parameters 300

15.2Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for the Data Interfaces 313

15.3Technical Information 316

15.4TNC Error Messages 318

X

Contents

1

Introduction

HEIDENHAIN TNC 426

1

1.1 The TNC 426

1.1 The TNC 426

HEIDENHAIN TNC controls are shop-floor programmable contouring controls for milling, drilling and boring machines, and machine centers with up to five axes.

You can program conventional milling, drilling and boring operations right at the machine with the easily understandable interactive conversational guidance. You can also change the angular position of the spindle under program control.

An integrated hard disk provides storage for as many programs as you like, even if they were created off-line or by digitizing. For quick calculations you can call up the on-screen pocket calculator at any time.

Keyboard and screen layout are clearly arranged in a such way that the functions are fast and easy to use.

Programming: HEIDENHAIN conversational and ISO formats

HEIDENHAIN conversational programming is an especially easy method of writing programs. Interactive graphics illustrate the individual machining steps for programming the contour. If a production drawing is not dimensioned for NC, the HEIDENHAIN FK free contour programming carries out the necessary calculations automatically. Workpiece machining can be graphically simulated either during or before actual machining. It is also possible to program in ISO format or DNC mode.

You can also enter and test one program while the TNC is running another.

Compatibility

The TNC can execute all part programs that were written on HEIDENHAIN controls TNC 150 B and later.

2	1 Introduction

1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard

Visual display unit

The figure at right shows the keys and controls on the VDU:

Setting control for brightness and contrast

Shift key for switchover between machining and programming modes

Setting the screen layout

Soft key selector keys

Switching the soft-key rows

Header

When the TNC is on, the selected operating modes are written in the screen header: the machining mode to the left and the programming mode at right. The currently active mode is displayed in the larger box, where the dialog prompts and TNC messages also appear.

Soft keys

In the bottom line, the TNC indicates additional functions in a softkey row. You can select these functions with the keys located below. The lines immediately above the soft-key row indicate the number of soft-key rows that can be called with the black arrow keys to the right and left. The line representing the active soft-key row is highlighted.

Screen layout

You select the screen layout yourself: In the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING mode of operation, for example, you can have the TNC show program blocks in the left screen window while the right window displays programming graphics. You could also display the program structure in the right window instead, or only display program blocks in one large window. The available screen windows depend on the selected operating mode.

To change the screen layout:

Press the SPLIT SCREEN key: The soft-key row shows the available layout options.

<

Select the desired screen layout.

6

7

5

4

1

2

3

5

1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard

HEIDENHAIN TNC 426

3

1.3 Modes of Operation

Keyboard
The figure at right shows the keys of the keyboard grouped accord-	1
ing to their functions:

Alphanumeric keyboard

for entering texts and file names, as well as for programming in ISO format

File management, pocket calculator, MOD functions, HELP functions

Programming modes

Machine operating modes

Initiation of programming dialog

Arrow keys and GOTO jump command

Numerical input and axis selection

The functions of the individual keys are described in the foldout of the front cover. Machine panel buttons, e.g. NC START, are described in the manual for your machine tool.

1.3 Modes of Operation

The TNC offers the following modes of operation for the various functions and working steps that you need to machine a workpiece:

MANUAL OPERATION and ELECTRONIC

HANDWHEEL

The MANUAL OPERATION mode is required for setting up the machine tool. In this operating mode, you can position the machine axes manually or by increments, set the datums, and tilt the working plane.

The ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL mode of operation allows you to move the machine axes manually with the HR electronic handwheel.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

(select as described previously)

Soft key

Screen windows

Positions

Left: positions, right: status display

7

2

3

6

4

5

4	1 Introduction

POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT (MDI)

This mode of operation is used for programming simple traversing movements, such as for face milling or pre-positioning. You can also define point tables for setting the digitizing range in this mode.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Soft key	Screen windows
	Program blocks
	Left: program blocks, right: status display

PROGRAMMING AND EDITING

In this mode of operation you can write your part programs. The FK free programming feature, the various cycles and the Q parameter functions help you with programming and add necessary information. If desired, you can have the programming graphics show the individual steps, or you can use a separate screen window to prepare your program structure.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Soft key	Screen windows
	Program blocks
	Left: program blocks, right: program structure
	Left: program blocks, right: programming
	graphics

TEST RUN

In the TEST RUN mode of operation, the TNC checks programs and program sections for errors, such as geometrical incompatibilities, missing or incorrect data within the program or violations of the work space. This simulation is supported graphically in different display modes.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Same as in the PROGRAM RUN operating modes on the next page.

1.3 Modes of Operation

HEIDENHAIN TNC 426

5

1.4 Status Displays

PROGRAM RUN, FULL SEQUENCE and

PROGRAM RUN, SINGLE BLOCK

In the PROGRAM RUN, FULL SEQUENCE mode of operation the TNC executes a part program continuously to its end or to a manual or programmed stop. You can resume program run after an interruption.

In the PROGRAM RUN, SINGLE BLOCK mode of operation you execute each block separately by pressing the machine START button.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Soft key	Screen windows
	Program blocks
	Left: program blocks, right: program structure
	Left: program blocks, right: STATUS
	Left: program blocks, right: graphics
	Graphics

1.4 Status Displays

“General” status displays

The status display informs you of the current state of the machine tool. It is displayed automatically in the following modes of operation:

■PROGRAM RUN, SINGLE BLOCK and PROGRAM RUN, FULL SEQUENCE, except if the screen layout is set to display graphics only, and

■POSITIONING WITH MDI

In the operating modes MANUAL OPERATION and ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL the status display appears in the large window.

6	1 Introduction

Information in the status display

Symbol Meaning

Actual or nominal coordinates of the current position

Machine axes

Spindle speed S, feed rate F and active M functions

Program run started

Axis locked

Axis can be moved with the handwheel

Axes are moving in a tilted working plane

Axes are moving under a basic rotation

Additional status displays

The additional status displays contain detailed information on the program run. They can be called in all operating modes, except in the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING mode of operation.

To switch on the additional status display:

Call the soft-key row for screen layout.

<

Select the layout option for the additional status display.

1.4 Status Displays

HEIDENHAIN TNC 426

7

1.4 Status Displays

You can choose between several additional status displays with the following soft keys:

Shift the soft-key rows until the STATUS soft keys appear.

<

Select the desired additional status display, e.g. general program information.

General program information

Name of main program

Active programs

Active machining cycle

Circle center CC (pole)

Operating time

Dwell time counter

Positions and coordinates

Position display

Type of position display, e.g. actual positions

Tilt angle of the working plane Angle of a basic rotation

1

2

3

4

6

5

1

2

3

4

8	1 Introduction

Information on tools

T: Tool number and name

RT: Number and name of a replacement tool

Tool axis

Tool length and radii

Oversizes (delta values) from TOOL CALL (PGM) and the tool table (TAB)

Tool life, maximum tool life (TIME 1) and maximum tool life for TOOL CALL (TIME 2)

Display of the active tool and the (next) replacement tool

Coordinate transformations

Name of main program

Active datum shift (Cycle 7)

Active rotation angle (Cycle 10)

Mirrored axes (Cycle 8)

Active scaling factor(s) (Cycles 11 / 26)

Scaling datum

See also section 8.7 “Coordinate Transformation Cycles.”

Tool measurement

Number of the tool to be measured

Display whether the tool radius or the tool length is being measured

MIN and MAX values of the single cutting edges and the result of measuring the rotating tool (DYN)

Cutting edge number with the corresponding measured value. If the measured value is followed by an asterisk, the allowable tolerance in the tool table was exceeded.

1

2

3

4

5

6

1

2

6

5

1

2

3

4

1.4 Status Displays

3

4

HEIDENHAIN TNC 426

9

1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels

1.5Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels

3-D Touch Probes

With the various HEIDENHAIN 3-D touch probe systems you can:

■Automatically align workpieces

■Quickly and precisely set datums

■Measure the workpiece during program run

■Digitize 3-D surfaces (option), and

■Measure and inspect tools

TS 220 and TS 630 triggering touch probes

These touch probes are particularly effective for automatic workpiece alignment, datum setting and workpiece measurement. The TS 220 transmits the triggering signals to the TNC via cable and is a cost-effective alternative for applications where digitizing is not frequently required.

The TS 630 features infrared transmission of the triggering signal to the TNC. This makes it highly convenient for use on machines with automatic tool changers.

Principle of operation: HEIDENHAIN triggering touch probes feature a wear resisting optical switch that generates an electrical signal as soon as the stylus is deflected. This signal is transmitted to the TNC, which stores the current position of the stylus as an actual value.

During digitizing the TNC generates a program containing straight line blocks in HEIDENHAIN format from a series of measured position data. You can then output the program to a PC for further processing with the SUSA evaluation software. This evaluation software enables you to calculate male/female transformations or correct the program to account for special tool shapes and radii that differ from the shape of the stylus tip. If the tool has the same radius as the stylus tip you can run these programs immediately.

TT 120 tool touch probe for tool measurement

The TT 120 is a triggering 3-D touch probe for tool measurement and inspection. Your TNC provides three cycles for this touch probe with which you can measure the tool length and radius automatically — either with the spindle rotating or stopped.

The TT 120 features a particularly rugged design and a high degree of protection, which make it insensitive to coolants and swarf. The triggering signal is generated by a wear-resistant and highly reliable optical switch.

HR electronic handwheels

Electronic handwheels facilitate moving the axis slides precisely by hand. A wide range of traverses per handwheel revolution is available. Apart from the HR 130 and HR 150 integral handwheels, HEIDENHAIN also offers the HR 410 portable handwheel.

10	1 Introduction

2

Manual Operation and Setup

HEIDENHAIN TNC 426

11

2.1 Switch-On

2.1 Switch-On

Switch-on and traversing the reference points can vary depending on the individual machine tool. Your machine manual provides more detailed information.

Switch on the power supply for control and machine.

The TNC automatically initiates the following dialog:

<

The TNC memory is automatically checked.

<

TNC message that the power was interrupted — clear the message.

<

The PLC program of the TNC is automatically translated.

<

Switch on the control voltage.

The TNC checks the functioning of the

EMERGENCY STOP circuit.

<

Cross the reference points manually in the displayed sequence: For each axis press the machine START button, or

Cross the reference points in any sequence: Press and hold the machine axis direction button for each axis until the reference point has been traversed.

The TNC is now ready for operation in the

MANUAL OPERATION mode.

The reference points need only be traversed if the machine axes are to be moved. If you intend only to write, edit or test programs, you can select the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING or TEST RUN modes of operation immediately after switching on the control voltage.

You can then traverse the reference points later by pressing the PASS OVER REFERENCE soft key in the MANUAL OPERATION mode.

Traversing the reference point in a tilted working plane

The reference point of a tilted coordinate system can be traversed by pressing the machine axis direction buttons. The “tilting the working plane” function (see section 2.5 “Tilting the Working Plane”) must be active in the MANUAL OPERATION mode. The TNC then interpolates the corresponding axes.

The NC START button is not effective. Pressing this button may result in an error message.

Make sure that the angle values entered in the menu for tilting the working plane match the actual angle of the tilted axis.

12	2 Manual Operation and Setup

2.2 Moving the Machine Axes

Traversing with the machine axis direction buttons is a machine-dependent function. Your machine manual provides more detailed information.

To traverse with the machine axis direction buttons:

Select the MANUAL OPERATION mode.

<

Press the machine axis direction button and hold it as long as you wish the axis to move.

...or move the axis continuously:

	and	Press and hold the machine axis direction button,
		then press the machine START button: The axis
		continues to move after you release the keys.
		To stop the axis, press the machine STOP
		button.

You can move several axes at a time with these two methods.

2.2 Moving the Machine Axes

HEIDENHAIN TNC 426

13

2.2 Moving the Machine Axes

Traversing with the HR 410 electronic handwheel

The portable HR 410 handwheel is equipped with two permissive buttons. The permissive buttons are located below the star grip. You can only move the machine axes when an permissive button is depressed (machine-dependent function).

The HR 410 handwheel features the following operating elements:

EMERGENCY STOP

Handwheel

Permissive buttons

Axis address keys

Actual-position-capture key

Keys for defining the feed rate (slow, medium, fast; the feed rates are set by the machine tool builder)

Direction in which the TNC moves the selected axis

Machine function

(set by the machine tool builder)

The red indicators show the axis and feed rate you have selected.

It is also possible to move the machine axes with the handwheel during a program run.

To move an axis:

Select the operating mode ELECTRONIC

HANDWHEEL.

Press the permissive button.

<

Select the axis.

<

Select the feed rate.

<
or	Move the active axis in the positive or negative
	direction.

14	2 Manual Operation and Setup

Incremental jog positioning

With incremental jog positioning you can move a machine axis by a preset distance each time you press the corresponding machine axis direction button.

Select the operating mode ELECTRONIC

HANDWHEEL.

<

Select incremental jog positioning (the valid key is determined by the machine tool builder).

<

Enter the jog increment in millimeters (here, 8 mm).

<

Press the machine axis direction button as often as desired.

Incremental jog positioning is a machine-dependent function. Your machine manual provides more detailed information.

The machine tool builder determines whether the interpolation factor for each axis is set at the keyboard or with a step switch.

2.3Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M

In the operating modes MANUAL OPERATION and ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL, you can enter the spindle speed S and the miscellaneous functions M with soft keys. The miscellaneous functions are described in Chapter 7 “Programming: Miscellaneous Functions.” The feed rate is defined in a machine parameter and can be changed only with the override knobs (see next page).

	M
Z	Functions
8	MiscellaneousandFRateFeedS,SpeedSpindle2.3
	8
8	X
	16

HEIDENHAIN TNC 426

15

2.4 Setting the Datum

Entering values

Example: Enter the spindle speed S

To select the spindle speed, press the S soft key.

<

1000	Enter the desired spindle speed,

and confirm your entry with the machine START button.

The spindle speed S with the entered rpm is started with a miscellaneous function.

Proceed in the same way to enter the miscellaneous functions M.

Changing the spindle speed S and feed rate F

With the override knobs you can vary the spindle speed S and feed rate F from 0% to 150% of the set value.

The knob for spindle speed override is effective only on machines with a stepless spindle drive.

The machine tool builder determines which miscellaneous functions M are available on your TNC and what effects they have.

2.4Setting the Datum

(Without a 3-D Touch Probe)

You fix a datum by setting the TNC position display to the coordinates of a known position on the workpiece.

To prepare the TNC:

Clamp and align the workpiece.

Insert the zero tool with known radius into the spindle.

Ensure that the TNC is showing the actual position values.

Setting the datum

Fragile workpiece? If the workpiece surface must not be scratched, you can lay a metal shim of know thickness d on it. Then enter a tool axis datum value that is larger than the desired datum by the value d.

16	2 Manual Operation and Setup

Select the MANUAL OPERATION mode.			Y			Plane
<						Working
Move the tool slowly until it touches the		Z
workpiece surface.	Y				X
<						the
Select the axis.				X
						Tilting
<
Zero tool: Set the display to a known workpiece
position (here, 0) or enter the thickness d of the						2.5
shim.

Repeat the process for the remaining axes.

If you are using a preset tool, set the display of the tool axis to the length L of the tool or enter the sum Z=L+d.

2.5 Tilting the Working Plane

The functions for tilting the working plane are interfaced to the TNC and the machine tool by the machine tool builder. With specific swivel heads and tilting tables, the machine tool builder determines whether the entered angles are interpreted as coordinates of the tilt axes or as solid angles. Your machine manual provides more detailed information on this subject.

The TNC supports the tilting functions on machine tools with swivel heads and/or tilting tables. Typical applications are, for example, oblique holes or contours in an oblique plane. The working plane is always tilted around the active datum. The program is written as usual in a main plane, such as the X/Y plane, but is executed in a plane that is tilted relative to the main plane.

There are two ways to tilt the working plane:

■3D ROT soft key in the MANUAL OPERATION and ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL operating modes (described below)

■Cycle 19 WORKING PLANE in the part program (see page 200).

Z	Y
	B
	10°
	X

HEIDENHAIN TNC 426

17