INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
DATA SHEET
PCA3351C; 52C; 53C;
PCD3351A; 52A; 53A
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF generator and 128 bytes EEPROM
Product specification |
1999 Oct 28 |
Supersedes data of 1996 Dec 18
File under Integrated Circuits, IC03
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF generator |
PCA3351C; 52C; 53C; |
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and 128 bytes EEPROM |
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PCD3351A; 52A; 53A |
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CONTENTS |
9 |
TIMING |
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1 |
FEATURES |
10 |
RESET |
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11 |
IDLE MODE |
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2 |
GENERAL DESCRIPTION |
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12 |
STOP MODE |
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3 |
ORDERING INFORMATION |
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13 |
INSTRUCTION SET RESTRICTIONS |
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4 |
BLOCK DIAGRAM |
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14 |
OVERVIEW OF PORT AND |
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5 |
PINNING INFORMATION |
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POWER-ON-RESET CONFIGURATIONS |
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5.1 |
Pinning |
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15 |
SUMMARY OF DERIVATIVE REGISTERS |
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5.2 |
Pin description |
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16 |
HANDLING |
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6 |
FREQUENCY GENERATOR |
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17 |
LIMITING VALUES |
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6.1 |
Frequency generator derivative registers |
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18 |
DC CHARACTERISTICS |
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6.2 |
Melody output (P1.7/MDY) |
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6.3 |
Frequency registers |
19 |
AC CHARACTERISTICS |
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6.4 |
DTMF frequencies |
20 |
PACKAGE OUTLINES |
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6.5Modem frequencies
6.6 |
Musical scale frequencies |
21 |
SOLDERING |
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7 |
EEPROM AND TIMER 2 ORGANIZATION |
21.1 |
Reflow soldering |
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21.2 |
Wave soldering |
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7.1 |
EEPROM registers |
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21.3 |
DIP |
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7.2 |
EEPROM latches |
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21.4 |
Repairing soldered joints |
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7.3EEPROM flags
7.4 |
EEPROM macros |
22 |
DEFINITIONS |
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7.5 |
EEPROM access |
23 |
LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS |
7.6Timer 2
8 |
DERIVATIVE INTERRUPTS |
1999 Oct 28 |
2 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
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8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF generator |
PCA3351C; 52C; 53C; |
and 128 bytes EEPROM |
PCD3351A; 52A; 53A |
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1 FEATURES
∙8-bit CPU, ROM, RAM, EEPROM and I/O; all in one (28-lead or 32-lead) package
∙ROM:
–2 kbytes (PCA3351C and PCD3351A)
–4 kbytes (PCA3352C and PCD3352A)
–6 kbytes (PCA3353C and PCD3353A)
∙RAM:
–64 bytes (PCA3351C and PCD3351A)
–128 bytes (PCA3352C, PCD3352A, PCA3353C and PCD3353A)
∙128 bytes Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
∙Over 100 instructions (based on MAB8048) all of 1 or 2 cycles
∙20 quasi-bidirectional I/O port lines
∙8-bit programmable Timer/event counter 1
∙8-bit reloadable Timer 2
∙Three single-level vectored interrupts:
–external
–8-bit programmable Timer/event counter 1
–derivative; triggered by reloadable Timer 2
∙Two test inputs, one of which also serves as the external interrupt input
∙DTMF, modem, musical tone generator
∙Reference for supply and temperature-independent tone output
∙Filtering for low output distortion (CEPT compatible)
∙Melody output for ringer application
∙Power-on-reset
∙Stop and Idle modes
∙Supply voltage: 1.8 to 6 V (DTMF tone output and EEPROM erase/write from 2.5 V)
∙Clock frequency: 1 to 16 MHz (3.58 MHz for DTMF suggested)
∙Operating ambient temperature: −25 to +70 °C or 0 to 50 °C
∙Manufactured in silicon gate CMOS process.
2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This data sheet details the specific properties of the devices referred to. The shared properties of the PCD33xxA family of microcontrollers are described in the “PCD33xxA family” data sheet, which should be read in conjunction with this publication.
∙‘PCA3351C; 52C; 53C’ denotes the types PCA3351C, PCA3352C and PCA3353C. Unless specified, these types will hereafter be referred to collectively as ‘PCA335xC’.
∙‘PCD3351A; 52A; 53A’ denotes the types PCD3351A, PCD3352A, PCD3353A. Unless specified, these types will hereafter be referred to collectively as ‘PCD335xA’.
The PCA335xC and PCD335xA are microcontrollers designed primarily for telephony applications. They include an on-chip generator for dual tone multifrequency (DTMF), modem and musical tones. In addition to dialling, generated frequencies can be made available as square waves for melody generation, providing ringer operation.
The PCA335xC and PCD335xA also incorporate
128 bytes of EEPROM, permitting data storage without battery backup. The EEPROM can be used for storing telephone numbers, particularly for implementing redial functions.
The PCA335xC and PCD335xA can be emulated with the OTP microcontrollers PCD3755A and PCD3755E.
See Chapter 14, Table 25.
The instruction set is similar to that of the MAB8048 and is a sub-set of that listed in the “PCD33xxA family” data sheet.
The differences between PCA335xC and PCD335xA are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Differences: PCA335xC and PCD335xA
TYPE |
VPOR |
AMBIENT |
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TEMP. RANGE |
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PCA335xC |
fixed at 2.0 V ±0.3 V |
0 to 50 °C |
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PCD335xA |
(1.2 to 3.6 V) ±0.5 V(1) |
−25 to +70 °C |
Note
1. See Chapter 14, Table 26.
1999 Oct 28 |
3 |
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF generator |
PCA3351C; 52C; 53C; |
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and 128 bytes EEPROM |
PCD3351A; 52A; 53A |
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3 ORDERING INFORMATION |
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TYPE |
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PACKAGE |
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NUMBER(1) |
NAME |
DESCRIPTION |
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VERSION |
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PCA335xCP |
DIP28 |
plastic dual in-line package; 28 leads (600 mil) |
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SOT117-1 |
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PCD335xAP |
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PCA335xCT |
SO28 |
plastic small outline package; 28 leads; body width 7.5 mm |
SOT136-1 |
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PCD335xAT |
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PCA335xCH |
LQFP32 |
plastic low profile quad flat package; 32 leads; body 7 × 7 × 1.4 mm |
SOT358-1 |
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PCD335xAH |
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Note |
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1.The types:
a)PCA335xC denotes: PCA3351C, PCA3352C or PCA3353C.
b)PCD335xA denotes: PCD3351A, PCD3352A or PCD3353A.
1999 Oct 28 |
4 |
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28 Oct 1999 |
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RESIDENT ROM |
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P2.0 to P2.3 |
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TONE |
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P1.7/MDY |
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P1.0 to P1.6 |
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2 kbytes |
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P0.0 to P0.7 |
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4 |
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7 |
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(PCD3351C; 51A) |
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8 |
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4 kbytes |
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(PCD3352C; 52A) |
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PORT 2 |
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PORT 1 |
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6 kbytes |
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PORT 0 |
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BUFFER |
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FILTER |
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BUFFER |
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(PCD3353C; 53A) |
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BUFFER |
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PORT 2 |
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PORT 1 |
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PORT 0 |
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FLIP-FLOP |
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INTERNAL |
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FLIP-FLOP |
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DECODE |
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FLIP-FLOP |
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SINE WAVE |
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CLOCK |
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MEMORY |
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BANK |
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GENERATOR |
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FREQ. |
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FLIP-FLOPS |
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HGF |
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LGF |
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MELODY |
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32 |
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TIMER/ |
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PCA3351C |
PCD3351A |
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HIGHER |
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LOWER |
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PROGRAM |
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CONTROL |
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EVENT |
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PROGRAM |
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PROGRAM |
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STATUS |
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REGISTER |
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REGISTER |
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REGISTER |
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T1 |
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COUNTER |
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PCA3352C |
PCD3352A |
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COUNTER |
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COUNTER |
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WORD |
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PCA3353C |
PCD3353A |
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8 |
8 |
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8 |
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8 |
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5 |
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TIMER 2 |
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TIMER 2 |
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EEPROM |
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EEPROM |
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EEPROM |
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INTERRUPT |
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TEMPORARY |
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MULTIPLEXER |
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RELOAD |
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CONTROL |
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ADDRESS |
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DATA |
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ACCUMULATOR |
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REGISTER |
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REGISTER |
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REGISTER |
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TRANSFER |
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LOGIC |
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REGISTER 1 |
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REGISTER 0 |
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RAM |
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REGISTER 1 |
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ADDRESS |
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REGISTER 2 |
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derivative |
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timer interrupt |
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REGISTER |
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REGISTER 3 |
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interrupt |
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ARITHMETIC |
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INSTRUCTION |
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REGISTER 4 |
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REGISTER |
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REGISTER 5 |
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TEMPORARY |
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AND |
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D |
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REGISTER 6 |
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DECODER |
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REGISTER 2 |
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E |
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REGISTER 7 |
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external interrupt |
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C |
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8 LEVEL STACK |
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O |
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(VARIABLE LENGTH) |
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EEPROM |
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D |
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LOGIC UNIT |
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T1 |
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E |
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OPTIONAL SECOND |
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POWER-ON-RESET |
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VPOR |
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REGISTER BANK |
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CE/T0 |
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DECIMAL |
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CONDITIONAL |
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TIMER |
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ADJUST |
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DATA STORE |
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RESET |
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BRANCH |
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FLAG |
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STOP |
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LOGIC |
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CARRY |
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CONTROL AND TIMING |
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ACC |
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RESIDENT RAM ARRAY |
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IDLE |
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ACC BIT |
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64 bytes |
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CE/T0 |
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RESET |
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XTAL1 |
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XTAL2 |
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TEST |
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(PCD3351C; 51A) |
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128 bytes |
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INTERRUPT |
INITIALIZE |
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OSCILLATOR |
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(PCD3352C; 52A; 53C; 53A) |
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MLA537 |
|
Fig.1 Block diagram.
DIAGRAM BLOCK 4
and |
bit-8 |
EEPROM bytes 128 |
with microcontrollers |
|
generator DTMF |
53C; 52C; PCA3351C; 53A 52A; PCD3351A;
Semiconductors Philips
specification Product
Philips Semiconductors Product specification
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF generator |
PCA3351C; 52C; 53C; |
|||||||
and 128 bytes EEPROM |
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PCD3351A; 52A; 53A |
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5 |
PINNING INFORMATION |
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5.1 |
Pinning |
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P0.1 |
1 |
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P0.0 |
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28 |
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P0.2 |
2 |
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27 |
P2.3 |
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P0.3 |
3 |
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P2.2 |
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26 |
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P0.4 |
4 |
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P2.1 |
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25 |
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VDD |
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P0.5 |
5 |
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24 |
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P0.6 |
6 |
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23 |
TONE |
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PCA335xC |
|
VSS |
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P0.7 |
7 |
22 |
||||
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8 |
PCD335xA |
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P2.0 |
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T1 |
(1) |
21 |
||||
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XTAL1 |
9 |
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P1.7/MDY |
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20 |
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10 |
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XTAL2 |
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19 |
P1.6 |
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11 |
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RESET |
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18 |
P1.5 |
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12 |
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(1) PCA335xC denotes: |
CE/T0 |
|
17 |
P1.4 |
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PCA3351C, PCA3352C or |
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13 |
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P1.0 |
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16 |
P1.3 |
||||
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PCA3353C. |
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PCD335xA denotes: |
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P1.1 |
14 |
|
15 |
P1.2 |
|||
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PCD3351A, PCD3352A or |
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PCD3353A. |
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MLA538 |
|
|
Fig.2 Pin configuration for DIP28 (SOT117-1) and SO28 (SOT136-1).
(1)PCA335xCH denotes: PCA3351CH, PCA3352CH or PCA3353CH.
PCD335xAH denotes: PCD3351AH, PCD3352AH or PCD3353AH.
|
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P0.4 |
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P0.3 |
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P0.2 |
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P0.1 |
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n.c. |
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P0.0 |
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P2.3 |
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P2.2 |
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|||||||||
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32 |
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31 |
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30 |
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29 |
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28 |
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27 |
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26 |
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25 |
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n.c. |
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P2.1 |
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1 |
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24 |
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VDD |
P0.5 |
2 |
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23 |
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P0.6 |
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TONE |
3 |
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22 |
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PCA335xCH |
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VSS |
|||||||
P0.7 |
4 |
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21 |
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T1 |
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(1) |
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20 |
P2.0 |
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XTAL1 |
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6 |
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XTAL2 |
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P1.6 |
7 |
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18 |
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8 |
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17 |
n.c. |
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MGB795 |
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CE/T0 |
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P1.0 |
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P1.1 |
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n.c. |
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P1.5 |
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Fig.3 Pin configuration for LQFP32 (SOT358-1).
1999 Oct 28 |
6 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF generator |
PCA3351C; 52C; 53C; |
and 128 bytes EEPROM |
PCD3351A; 52A; 53A |
|
|
5.2Pin description
Table 2 SOT117-1 and SOT136-1 packages (for information on parallel I/O ports, see Chapter 14)
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SYMBOL |
PIN |
TYPE |
DESCRIPTION |
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P0.1 to P0.7 |
1 to |
7 |
I/O |
7 bits of Port 0: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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T1 |
8 |
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I |
Test 1 or count input of 8-bit Timer/event counter 1 |
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XTAL1 |
9 |
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I |
crystal oscillator or external clock input |
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XTAL2 |
10 |
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O |
crystal oscillator output |
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RESET |
11 |
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I |
reset input |
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12 |
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I |
Chip Enable or Test 0 |
CE/T0 |
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P1.0 to P1.6 |
13 to |
19 |
I/O |
7 bits of Port 1: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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P1.7/MDY |
20 |
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I/O |
1 bit of Port 1: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port; or melody output |
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P2.0 |
21 |
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I/O |
1 bit of Port 2: 4-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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VSS |
22 |
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P |
ground |
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TONE |
23 |
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O |
DTMF output |
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VDD |
24 |
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P |
positive supply voltage |
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P2.1 to P2.3 |
25 to |
27 |
I/O |
3 bits of Port 2: 4-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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P0.0 |
28 |
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I/O |
1 bit of Port 0: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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Table 3 SOT358-1 package (for information on parallel I/O ports, see Chapter 14) |
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SYMBOL |
PIN |
TYPE |
DESCRIPTION |
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n.c. |
1 |
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− |
not connected |
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P0.5 to P0.7 |
2 to |
4 |
I/O |
3 bits of Port 0: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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T1 |
5 |
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I |
Test 1 or count input of 8-bit Timer/event counter 1 |
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XTAL1 |
6 |
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I |
crystal oscillator or external clock input |
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XTAL2 |
7 |
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O |
crystal oscillator output |
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RESET |
8 |
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I |
reset input |
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9 |
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I |
Chip Enable or Test 0 |
CE/T0 |
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P1.0 to P1.2 |
10 to |
12 |
I/O |
3 bits of Port 1: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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n.c. |
13 |
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− |
not connected |
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P1.3 to P1.5 |
14 to |
16 |
I/O |
3 bits of Port 1: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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n.c. |
17 |
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− |
not connected |
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P1.6 |
18 |
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I/O |
1 bit of Port 1: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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P1.7/MDY |
19 |
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I/O |
1 bit of Port 1: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port; or melody output |
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P2.0 |
20 |
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I/O |
1 bit of Port 2: 4-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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VSS |
21 |
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P |
ground |
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TONE |
22 |
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O |
DTMF output |
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VDD |
23 |
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P |
positive supply voltage |
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P2.1 to P2.3 |
24 to |
26 |
I/O |
3 bits of Port 2: 4-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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P0.0 |
27 |
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I/O |
1 bit of Port 0: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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n.c. |
28 |
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− |
not connected |
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P0.1 to P0.4 |
29 to |
32 |
I/O |
4 bits of Port 0: 8-bit quasi-bidirectional I/O port |
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1999 Oct 28 |
7 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF generator |
PCA3351C; 52C; 53C; |
and 128 bytes EEPROM |
PCD3351A; 52A; 53A |
|
|
6 FREQUENCY GENERATOR
A versatile frequency generator section is provided (see Fig.4). For normal operation, use a 3.58 MHz quartz crystal or PXE resonator. The frequency generator includes precision circuitry for dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) signals, which is typically used for tone dialling telephone sets.
Their frequencies are provided in purely sinusoidal form on the TONE output or as square waves on the port line P1.7/MDY.
6.1Frequency generator derivative registers
6.1.1HIGH AND LOW GROUP FREQUENCY REGISTERS
The TONE output can alternatively issue twelve modem frequencies for data rates between 300 and 1200 bits/s.
In addition to DTMF and modem frequencies, two octaves of musical scale in steps of semitones are available.
When no tones are generated the TONE output is in 3-state mode.
Table 4 gives the addresses, symbols and access types of the High Group Frequency (HGF) and Low Group Frequency (LGF) registers.
Table 4 Hexadecimal addresses, symbols, access types and bit symbols of the frequency registers
REGISTER |
REGISTER |
ACCESS |
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BIT SYMBOLS |
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ADDRESS |
SYMBOL |
TYPE |
7 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
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11H |
HGF |
W |
H7 |
H6 |
H5 |
H4 |
H3 |
H2 |
H1 |
H0 |
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12H |
LGF |
W |
L7 |
L6 |
L5 |
L4 |
L3 |
L2 |
L1 |
L0 |
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6.1.2MELODY CONTROL REGISTER (MDYCON)
Table 5 Melody Control Register, MDYCON (address 13H; access type R/W)
7 |
6 |
5 |
4 |
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3 |
2 |
1 |
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0 |
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0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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0 |
0 |
0 |
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EMO |
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Table 6 Description of MDYCON bits |
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BIT |
SYMBOL |
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DESCRIPTION |
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7 to 1 |
− |
These bits are set to a logic 0. |
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0 |
EMO |
Enable Melody Output. If bit EMO = 0, then P1.7/MDY is a standard port line. |
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If bit EMO = 1, then P1.7/MDY is the melody output. EMO = 1 does not inhibit the port |
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instructions for P1.7/MDY. Therefore the state of both port line and flip-flop may be read |
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in and the port flip-flop may be written by port instructions. However, the port flip-flop of |
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P1.7/MDY must remain set to avoid conflicts between melody and port outputs. |
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When the HGF contents are zero while EMO = 1, P1.7/MDY is in the HIGH state. |
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1999 Oct 28 |
8 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF generator |
PCA3351C; 52C; 53C; |
and 128 bytes EEPROM |
PCD3351A; 52A; 53A |
|
|
|
8 |
MELODY CONTROL |
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REGISTER |
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8 |
HGF REGISTER |
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8 |
INTERNAL BUS |
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8 |
LGF REGISTER |
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PORT/MELODY |
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P1.7/ |
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OUTPUT LOGIC |
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MDY |
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square wave |
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DIGITAL |
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SINE WAVE |
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SYNTHESIZER |
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DAC |
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SWITCHED |
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SWITCHED |
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CAPACITOR |
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CAPACITOR |
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RC LOW-PASS |
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TONE |
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BANDGAP |
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LOW-PASS |
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FILTER |
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VOLTAGE |
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FILTER |
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REFERENCE |
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MLC416 |
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DAC |
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DIGITAL |
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SINE WAVE |
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SYNTHESIZER |
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Fig.4 Block diagram of the frequency generator and melody output (P1.7/MDY) section.
1999 Oct 28 |
9 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF generator |
PCA3351C; 52C; 53C; |
and 128 bytes EEPROM |
PCD3351A; 52A; 53A |
|
|
6.2Melody output (P1.7/MDY)
The melody output (P1.7/MDY) is very useful for generating musical notes when a purely sinusoidal signal is not required, such as for ringer applications.
The square wave (duty cycle = 12¤23 or 52%) will include the attenuated harmonics of the base frequency, which is defined by the contents of the HGF register (Table 4). However, even higher frequency notes may be produced since the low-pass filtering on the TONE output is not applied to the P1.7/MDY output. This results in the minimum decimal value x in the HGF register (see equation in Section 6.3) being 2 for the P1.7/MDY output, rather than 60 for the TONE output. A sinusoidal TONE output is produced at the same time as the melody square wave, but due to the filtering, the higher frequency sine waves with x < 60 will not appear at the TONE output.
Since the melody output is shared with P1.7, the port flip-flop of P1.7 has to be set HIGH before using the melody output. This to avoid conflicts between melody and port outputs. The melody output drive depends on the configuration of port P1.7/MDY, see Chapter 14, Table 26.
6.3Frequency registers
The two frequency registers HGF and LGF define two frequencies. From these, the digital sine synthesizers together with the Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) construct two sine waves. Their amplitudes are precisely scaled according to the bandgap voltage reference. This ensures tone output levels independent of supply voltage and temperature.
The amplitude of the Low Group Frequency sine wave is attenuated by 2 dB compared to the amplitude of the High Group Frequency sine wave.
The two sine waves are summed and then filtered by an on-chip switched capacitor and RC low-pass filters. These guarantee that all DTMF tones generated fulfil the CEPT recommendations with respect to amplitude, frequency deviation, total harmonic distortion and suppression of unwanted frequency components.
The value 00H in a frequency register stops the corresponding digital sine synthesizer. If both frequency registers contain 00H, the whole frequency generator is shut off, resulting in lower power consumption.
The frequency of the sine wave generated from either HGF or LGF is a function of the decimal value ‘x’ held in the register. The variables are related by the equation:
fxtal |
|
£ x £ 255 for TONE output. |
f = [-----------------------------23(x + 2)] |
; where 60 |
6.4DTMF frequencies
Assuming an oscillator frequency fxtal = 3.58 MHz, the DTMF standard frequencies can be implemented as
shown in Table 7.
The relationships between telephone keyboard symbols, DTMF frequency pairs and the frequency register contents are given in Table 8.
Table 7 DTMF standard frequencies and their implementation; value = LGF, HGF contents
VALUE |
FREQUENCY (Hz) |
DEVIATION |
||
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|
(HEX) |
STANDARD |
GENERATED |
(%) |
(Hz) |
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DD |
697 |
697.90 |
0.13 |
0.90 |
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C8 |
770 |
770.46 |
0.06 |
0.46 |
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B5 |
852 |
850.45 |
-0.18 |
-1.55 |
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A3 |
941 |
943.23 |
0.24 |
2.23 |
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7F |
1209 |
1206.45 |
-0.21 |
-2.55 |
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72 |
1336 |
1341.66 |
0.42 |
5.66 |
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67 |
1477 |
1482.21 |
0.35 |
5.21 |
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5D |
1633 |
1638.24 |
0.32 |
5.24 |
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Table 8 Dialling symbols, corresponding DTMF frequency pairs and frequency register contents
TELEPHONE |
DTMF FREQ. |
LGF |
HGF |
KEYBOARD |
PAIRS |
VALUE |
VALUE |
SYMBOLS |
(Hz) |
(HEX) |
(HEX) |
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0 |
(941, 1336) |
A3 |
72 |
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1 |
(697, 1209) |
DD |
7F |
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2 |
(697, 1336) |
DD |
72 |
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3 |
(697, 1477) |
DD |
67 |
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4 |
(770, 1209) |
C8 |
7F |
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5 |
(770, 1336) |
C8 |
72 |
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6 |
(770, 1477) |
C8 |
67 |
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7 |
(852, 1209) |
B5 |
7F |
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8 |
(852, 1336) |
B5 |
72 |
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9 |
(852, 1477) |
B5 |
67 |
|
|
|
|
A |
(697, 1633) |
DD |
5D |
|
|
|
|
B |
(770, 1633) |
C8 |
5D |
|
|
|
|
C |
(852, 1633) |
B5 |
5D |
|
|
|
|
D |
(941, 1633) |
A3 |
5D |
|
|
|
|
· |
(941, 1209) |
A3 |
7F |
|
|
|
|
# |
(941, 1477) |
A3 |
67 |
|
|
|
|
1999 Oct 28 |
10 |
Philips Semiconductors |
Product specification |
|
|
8-bit microcontrollers with DTMF generator |
PCA3351C; 52C; 53C; |
and 128 bytes EEPROM |
PCD3351A; 52A; 53A |
|
|
6.5Modem frequencies
Again assuming an oscillator frequency fxtal = 3.58 MHz, the standard modem frequencies can be implemented as in Table 9. It is suggested to define the frequency by the HGF register while the LGF register contains 00H, disabling Low Group Frequency generation.
Table 9 Standard modem frequencies and their implementation
HGF |
FREQUENCY (Hz) |
DEVIATION |
|||
VALUE |
|
|
|
|
|
MODEM |
GENERATED |
(%) |
(Hz) |
||
(HEX) |
|||||
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
9D |
980(1) |
978.82 |
−0.12 |
−1.18 |
|
82 |
1180(1) |
1179.03 |
−0.08 |
−0.97 |
|
8F |
1070(2) |
1073.33 |
0.31 |
3.33 |
|
79 |
1270(2) |
1265.30 |
−0.37 |
−4.70 |
|
80 |
1200(3) |
1197.17 |
−0.24 |
−2.83 |
|
45 |
2200(3) |
2192.01 |
−0.36 |
−7.99 |
|
76 |
1300(4) |
1296.94 |
−0.24 |
−3.06 |
|
48 |
2100(4) |
2103.14 |
0.15 |
3.14 |
|
5C |
1650(1) |
1655.66 |
0.34 |
5.66 |
|
52 |
1850(1) |
1852.77 |
0.15 |
2.77 |
|
4B |
2025(2) |
2021.20 |
−0.19 |
−3.80 |
|
44 |
2225(2) |
2223.32 |
−0.08 |
−1.68 |
Notes
1.Standard is V.21.
2.Standard is Bell 103.
3.Standard is Bell 202.
4.Standard is V.23.
6.6Musical scale frequencies
Finally, two octaves of musical scale in steps of semitones can be realized, again assuming an oscillator frequency
fxtal = 3.58 MHz (Table 10). It is suggested to define the frequency by the HGF register while the LGF contains
00H, disabling Low Group Frequency generation
Table 10 Musical scale frequencies and their implementation
|
HGF |
FREQUENCY (Hz) |
||
NOTE |
VALUE |
|
|
|
STANDARD(1) |
GENERATED |
|||
|
(HEX) |
|||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
D#5 |
F8 |
622.3 |
622.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
E5 |
EA |
659.3 |
659.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
F5 |
DD |
698.5 |
697.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
F#5 |
D0 |
740.0 |
741.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
G5 |
C5 |
784.0 |
782.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
G#5 |
B9 |
830.6 |
832.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A5 |
AF |
880.0 |
879.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A#5 |
A5 |
923.3 |
931.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
B5 |
9C |
987.8 |
985.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C6 |
93 |
1046.5 |
1044.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C#6 |
8A |
1108.7 |
1111.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
D6 |
82 |
1174.7 |
1179.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
D#6 |
7B |
1244.5 |
1245.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
E6 |
74 |
1318.5 |
1318.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
F6 |
6D |
1396.9 |
1402.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
F#6 |
67 |
1480.0 |
1482.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
G6 |
61 |
1568.0 |
1572.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
G#6 |
5C |
1661.2 |
1655.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A6 |
56 |
1760.0 |
1768.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
A#6 |
51 |
1864.7 |
1875.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
B6 |
4D |
1975.5 |
1970.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C7 |
48 |
2093.0 |
2103.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
C#7 |
44 |
2217.5 |
2223.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
D7 |
40 |
2349.3 |
2358.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
D#7 |
3D |
2489.0 |
2470.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Note
1. Standard scale based on A4 @ 440 Hz.
1999 Oct 28 |
11 |