Philips TEA1102TS-N3, TEA1102T-N3, TEA1102T-N2, TEA1102T-N1, TEA1102-N3 Datasheet

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

DATA SHEET

TEA1102; TEA1102T; TEA1102TS

Fast charge ICs for NiCd, NiMH, SLA and LiIon

Preliminary specification

1999 Jan 27

Supersedes data of 1997 Oct 09

File under Integrated Circuits, IC03

Philips Semiconductors	Preliminary specification
Fast charge ICs for NiCd, NiMH, SLA and	TEA1102; TEA1102T;
LiIon	TEA1102TS

FEATURES

·Safe and fast charging of Nickel Cadmium (NiCd), Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH), Lithium Ion (LiIon), and Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) batteries

·Three charge states for NiCd or NiMH; fast, top-off and trickle or voltage regulation (optional)

·Two charge states for LiIon or SLA; current and voltage limited

·Adjustable fast charge current [0.5CA to 5CA nominal (CA = Capacity Amperes)]

·DC top-off and pulsating trickle charge current (NiCd and NiMH)

·Temperature dependent DT/Dt battery full detection

·Automatic switch-over to accurate peak voltage detection (-1¤4%) if no NTC is applied

·Possibility to use both DT/Dt and peak voltage detection as main fast charge termination

·Support of inhibit during all charging states

·Manual refresh with regulated adjustable discharge current (NiCd and NiMH)

·Voltage regulation in the event of no battery

·Support of battery voltage based charge indication and buzzer signalling at battery insertion, end of refresh and at full detection

·Single, dual and separate LED outputs for indication of charge status state

·Minimum and maximum temperature protection

·Time-out protection

·Short-circuit battery voltage protection

·Can be applied with few low-cost external components.

ORDERING INFORMATION

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The TEA1102x are fast charge ICs which are able fast charge NiCd and NiMH, SLA and Lilon batteries.

The main fast charge termination for NiCd and NiMH batteries are DT/Dt and peak voltage detection, both of which are well proven techniques. The TEA1102x automatically switches over from DT/Dt to peak voltage detection if the thermistor fails or is not present. The DT/Dt detection sensitivity is temperature dependent, thus avoiding false charge termination. Three charge states can be distinguished; fast, top-off and trickle.

Charging Lilon and SLA batteries is completely different. When the batteries reach their maximum voltage (adjustable), the TEA1102x switches over from current regulation to voltage regulation. After a defined time period, which is dependent on battery capacity and charge current, charge is terminated. Due to small self discharge rates of Lilon and SLA batteries, trickle charge can be omitted.

Several LEDs, as well as a buzzer, can be connected to the TEA1102x for indicating battery insertion, charge states, battery full condition and protection mode.

The TEA1102x are contained in a 20-pin package and are manufactured in a BiCMOS process, essentially for integrating the complex mix of requirements in a single chip solution. Only a few external low cost components are required in order to build a state of the art charger.

TYPE		PACKAGE
NUMBER	NAME	DESCRIPTION	VERSION
TEA1102	DIP20	plastic dual in-line package; 20 leads (300 mil)	SOT 146-1
TEA1102T	SO20	plastic small outline package; 20 leads; body width 7.5 mm	SOT163-1
TEA1102TS	SSOP20	plastic shrink small outline package; 20 leads; body width 5.3 mm	SOT339-1

1999 Jan 27

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Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

Fast charge ICs for NiCd, NiMH, SLA and				TEA1102; TEA1102T;
LiIon						TEA1102TS
QUICK REFERENCE DATA
SYMBOL	PARAMETER	CONDITIONS	MIN.		TYP.	MAX.	UNIT
VP	supply voltage		5.5		−	11.5	V
IP	supply current	outputs off	−		4	−	mA
VNTC/VNTC	temperature rate dependent	VNTC = 2 V;	−		−0.25	−	%
	( T/ t) detection level	Tj = 0 to 50 °C
Vbat/Vbat	voltage peak detection level with	Vbat = 2 V;	−		−0.25	−	%
	respect to top value	Tj = 0 to 50 °C
IVbat	input current battery monitor	Vbat = 0.3 to 1.9 V	−		1	−	nA
Vbat(l)	voltage at pin 19 for detecting low		−		0.30	−	V
	battery voltage
IIB	battery charge current	fast charge	10		−	100	μA
		top-off mode	−		3	−	μA
IIB(max)	maximum battery charge current	voltage regulation full	−		10	−	μA
		NiCd and NiMH battery
IIB(Lmax)	maximum load current	no battery	−		40	−	μA
fosc	oscillator frequency		10		−	200	kHz
Vreg	regulating voltage	LiIon	−		1.37	−	V
		SLA	−		1.63	−	V
		NiCd and NiMH	−		1.325 or	−	V
		(pin Vstb open-circuit)			Vstb
		open battery	−		1.9	−	V

1999 Jan 27

3

_

27 Jan 1999

Vbat

Vstb

Rref

OSC

DIAGRAM BLOCK

LiIon

ICs charge Fast

Semiconductors Philips

19

1

20

14

fast

top

standby

load

charge

off

current

current

LS

for

PROTECTION

1.25/Rref 3 μA

10 μA

40 μA

OSC

CHARGE CONTROL

4.25 V

PWM

NiCd,

AND

SET

OUTPUT DRIVERS

NTC

R Q

15

3.3 V

present

A2

PWM

battery

Vbat

S

NiMH,

0.3 V

low

17

LS

Vreg

Tmin

2.8 V

4.25 V

end

18

A1

A3

AO

SLA

156

1 V

refresh

4×

kΩ

Tmax

4

1 V

9

no-

and

MTV

1.325 V/Vstb

1.37 V 1.63 V

1.9 V

A4

10

RFSH

12

1.9 V

battery

NiCd

Llion

SLA

no-

refresh

kΩ

battery

Tcut-off

NIMH

100 mV

0.75 V

36

2

kΩ

TEA1102

IB

4

PSD

CONTROL LOGIC

TIMER

5

LED

8

AND

CHARGE

NTC

Vbat

TEA1102T; TEA1102;

STATUS

INDICATION

6

POD

DA/AD

SUPPLY

7

CONVERTER

BLOCK

PTD

12

13

16

3

11

specification Preliminary

VP

Vsl

VS

GND

FCT

MGC818

TEA1102TS

Fig.1

Block diagram.

Philips Semiconductors Preliminary specification

Fast charge ICs for NiCd, NiMH, SLA and							TEA1102; TEA1102T;
LiIon									TEA1102TS
PINNING
SYMBOL	PIN	DESCRIPTION
Vstb	1	standby regulation voltage input
		(NiCd and NiMH)
IB	2	charge current setting
GND	3	ground
PSD	4	program pin sample divider		handbook, halfpage	Vstb	1		20	Rref
LED	5	LED output			IB	2		19	Vbat
POD	6	program pin oscillator divider			GND	3		18	AO
PTD	7	program pin time-out divider
					PSD	4		17	LS
NTC	8	temperature sensing input
									VS
					LED	5		16
MTV	9	maximum temperature voltage					TEA1102
					POD	6		15	PWM
RFSH	10	refresh input/output
FCT	11	fast charge termination and			PTD	7		14	OSC
		battery chemistry identification			NTC	8		13	Vsl
VP	12	positive supply voltage
					MTV	9		12	VP
Vsl	13	switched reference voltage output
					RFSH	10		11	FCT
OSC	14	oscillator input
PWM	15	pulse width modulator output					MBH067
VS	16	stabilized reference voltage
LS	17	loop stability pin
AO	18	analog output
Vbat	19	single-cell battery voltage input			Fig.2		Pin configuration.
Rref	20	reference resistor pin

1999 Jan 27

5

Philips Semiconductors	Preliminary specification
Fast charge ICs for NiCd, NiMH, SLA and	TEA1102; TEA1102T;
LiIon	TEA1102TS

INTRODUCTION

All battery types are initially fast charged with an adjustable high current. Fast charge termination depends upon the battery type. With NiCd and NiMH batteries the main fast charge termination will be the T/ t (temperature detection) and/or peak voltage detection and with SLA and LiIon batteries when the battery voltage reaches

2.45 or 4.1 V respectively.

The fast charge period is followed by a top-off period for NiCd and NiMH batteries and by a fill-up period for SLA and LiIon batteries. During the top-off period the NiCd and NiMH batteries are charged to maximum capacity by reduced adjustable charge current.

During the fill-up period the SLA and LiIon batteries are charged to maximum capacity by a constant voltage and a gradually decreasing current. The fill-up and top-off period ends after time-out or one hour respectively.

After the fill-up or top-off period, the TEA1102x switches over to the standby mode. For NiCd and NiMH batteries either the voltage regulation or trickle charge mode can be selected. The voltage regulation mode is selected when the battery includes a fixed load. Trickle charge prevents a discharge of the battery over a long period of time.

For SLA and LiIon batteries the charge current is disabled during standby. The fast charge mode is entered again when the battery voltage reaches 1.5 V (SLA) or 3 V (LiIon).

Charging principles

CHARGING NiCd/NiMH BATTERIES

Fast charging of the battery begins when the power supply voltage is applied and at battery insertion.

During fast charge of NiCd and NiMH batteries, the battery temperature and voltage are monitored. Outside the initialized temperature and voltage window, the system switches over to the top-off charge current.

The TEA1102x supports detection of fully charged NiCd and NiMH batteries by either of the following criteria:

∙T/ t

∙Voltage peak detection.

If the system is programmed with T/ t and Vpeak or, T/ t or Vpeak as the main fast charge termination, it automatically switches to voltage peak detection if the

battery pack is not provided with a temperature sensing input (NTC). In this way both packages, with and without temperature sensor, can be used randomly independent of the applied full detection method. Besides T/ t and/or

voltage peak detection, fast charging is also protected by temperature cut-off and time-out.

To avoid false fast charge termination by peak voltage detection or T/ t, full detection is disabled during a short hold-off period at the start of a fast charge session. After fast charge termination, the battery is extra charged by a top-off period. During this period of approximately one hour, the charge current is lowered thus allowing the battery to be charged to nearly 100% before the system switches over to standby.

After the battery has been charged to nearly 100% by the top-off period, discharge of the battery (caused by a load or by the self-discharge) can be avoided by voltage regulation or by trickle charge.

If batteries are charged in combination with a load, the TEA1102x can be programmed to apply voltage regulation during the standby mode. In this way, discharge of the battery caused by self-discharge or by an eventual load is avoided. The regulating voltage is adjustable to the voltage characteristic of the battery. For battery safety the charge current is limited and the temperature is monitored during voltage regulation. If a trickle charge is applied, the self-discharge of the battery will be compensated by a pulsating charge current.

To avoid the so called ‘memory effect’ in NiCd batteries, a refresh can be manually activated.The discharge current is regulated by the IC in combination with an external power transistor. After discharging the battery to 1 V per cell, the system automatically switches over to fast charge.

CHARGING LiION/SLA BATTERIES

Charging these types of batteries differs considerably from charging NiCd and NiMH batteries. The batteries will be charged with a charge current of 0.15 CA if their cell voltage is below the minimum voltage of 0.9 V for Lilon or 0.45 V for SLA. With batteries in good condition the battery voltage will rise above 0.9 V in a short period of time. When the batteries are short-circuited the voltage will not rise above 0.9 V within one hour and the system will change over to cut-off, which means that the output drivers AO and PWM are fixed to zero and that battery charge can only be started again after a power-on reset. If the battery voltage of a good condition battery is above the minimum level of 0.9 V the battery will be charged with the programmed fast charge current.

If Lilon or SLA batteries are used, ‘full’ is detected when the battery voltage reaches 4.1 and 2.45 V respectively. At this point the TEA1102x switches from current regulation to voltage regulation (fill-up mode).

1999 Jan 27

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Philips Semiconductors	Preliminary specification
Fast charge ICs for NiCd, NiMH, SLA and	TEA1102; TEA1102T;
LiIon	TEA1102TS

After the ‘fill-up’ period the charge current is not regulated, which means that the output drivers AO and PWM are fixed to zero. When the battery voltage becomes less than 3 V for Lilon and 1.5 V for SLA, the IC enters the fast charge mode again.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

Control logic

The main function of the control logic is to support the communication between several blocks. It also controls the charge method, initialization and battery full detection. The block diagram of the TEA1102x is illustrated in Fig.1.

Conditioning charge method and initializations

At system switch-on, or at battery insertion, the control logic sets the initialization mode in the timer block. After the initialization time the timer program pins can be used to indicate the charging state using several LEDs.

The charge method is defined at the same time by the following methods:

∙If the FCT pin is 0 or 1.25 V, indicating that SLA or LiIon batteries have to be charged, the battery will be charged by limit current and limit voltage regulation. Without identification (FCT pin floating), the system will charge the battery according to the charge characteristic of NiCd and NiMH batteries.

∙The standby charge method (NiCd and NiMH), trickle charge or voltage regulation, is defined by the input pin

Vstb. By biasing this voltage with a set voltage, the output voltage will be regulated to the Vstb set voltage. If this pin is connected to VS, or no NTC is connected the system applies trickle charge.

If pin RFSH is connected to ground by depressing the switch, the TEA1102x discharges the battery via an external transistor connected to pin RFSH. The discharge current is regulated with respect to the external (charge)

sense resistor (Rsense). End-of-discharge is reached when the battery is discharged to 1 V per cell. Refreshing the

battery can only be activated during charging of NiCd and NiMH batteries. When charging LiIon and SLA batteries, discharge before charge is disabled.

The inhibit mode has the main priority. This mode is activated when the Vstb input pin is connected to ground. Inhibit can be activated at any charge/discharge state, whereby the output control signals will be zero, all LEDs will be disabled and the charger timings will be set on hold. Table 1 gives an operational summary.

Table 1 Functionality of program pins

	FUNCTION	FCT	NTC	RFSH	Vstb
Inhibit		X(1)	X(1)	X(1)	low
LiIon and SLA detection		low	X(1)	X(1)	X(1)
Refresh (NiCd and NiMH)		not low(2)	X(1)	low	not low
T/	t detection	floating	note 3	not low	not low
T/	t and voltage peak detection	high	note 3	not low	not low
Voltage peak detection		not low	note 4	not low	not low
Trickle charge at standby		not low	X(1)	not low	high
		not low	note 4	not low	not low
Voltage regulation at standby		not low	note 3	not low	floating(5)

Notes

1.Where X = don’t care.

2.Not low means floating or high.

3.The NTC voltage has been to be less than 3.3 V, which indicates the presence of an NTC.

4.The NTC voltage is outside the window for NTC detection.

5.Vstb has to be floating or set to a battery regulating voltage in accordance with the specification.

1999 Jan 27

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Philips Semiconductors	Preliminary specification
Fast charge ICs for NiCd, NiMH, SLA and	TEA1102; TEA1102T;
LiIon	TEA1102TS

Supply block

The supply block delivers the following outputs:

∙A power-on reset pulse to reset all digital circuitry at battery insertion or supply switch-on. After a general reset the system will start fast charging the battery.

∙A 4.25 V stabilized voltage source (VS) is externally available. This source can be used to set the thermistor biasing, to initialize the programs, to supply the external circuitry for battery voltage based charge indication and to supply other external circuitry.

∙A 4.25 V bias voltage (Vsl) is available for use for more indication LEDs. This output pin will be zero during the initialization period at start-up, thus avoiding any interference of the extra LEDs when initializing.

Charge control

The charge current is sensed via a low-ohmic resistor (Rsense), see Fig.4. A positive voltage is created across resistor Rb by means of a current source Iref which is set by Rref in the event of fast charge and by an internal bias current source in the event of top-off and trickle charge (IIB), see Fig.1. The positive node of Rb will be regulated to zero via error amplifier A1, which means that the voltage

across Rb and Rsense will be the same. The fast charge current is defined by the following equation:

Ifast × Rsense = Rb × Iref

(1)

The output of amplifier A1 is available at the loop stability pin LS, consequently the time constant of the current loop

can be set. When Vpeak (NiCD and NiMH) is applied, the current sensing for the battery voltage will be reduced,

implying that the charge current will be regulated to zero during:

t	sense	= 210	× POD × t	osc	(2)

Actually battery voltage sensing takes place in the last oscillator cycle of this period.

To avoid modulation on the output voltage, the top-off charge current is DC regulated, defined by the following equation:

I	top –off	× R	sense	= R	b	× 3 × 10–6		(3)
where:
t	top –off	= 227 × TOD × t					osc	(4)

The top-off charge current will be approximately 0.15 CA, which maximizes the charge in the battery under safe and slow charging conditions. The top-off charge period will be approximately one hour, so the battery will be extra

charged with approximately 0.15 Q. In this way the battery is fully charged before the system switches over to standby.

When pin 1 (Vstb) is connected to VS, or no NTC is connected the system compensates the (self) discharge of

the battery by trickle charge. The trickle charge current will be pulsating, defined by the following equation:

I		× R		= R		15	× 10	–6	(5)
	trickle		sense		b	× ------
						16

During the non current periods at trickle charge the charge current is regulated to zero, so that the current for a load connected in series across the battery with the sense resistor will be supplied by the power supply and not by the battery.

If at pin 1 (Vstb) a reference voltage is set in accordance with the specification, and no NTC is connected the charge

mode will switch over from current to voltage regulation after top-off. The reference regulating voltage can be adjusted to the battery characteristic by external resistors connected to pin Vstb.

This reference voltage has to be selected in such a way that it equals the rest voltage of the battery. By using voltage regulation, the battery will not be discharged at a load occurrence. If the Vstb input pin is floating, the TEA1102x will apply voltage regulation at 1.325 V during the standby mode (NiCd and NiMH). The current during voltage regulation is limited to 0.5 CA. If the battery charge current is maximized to 0.5 CA for more than 2 hours charging will be stopped. Moreover, if the temperature exceeds Tmax, charging will be stopped completely.

As voltage regulation is referred to one cell, the voltage on

the Vbat pin must be the battery voltage divided by the number of cells (NiCd and NiMH).

For LiIon or SLA batteries, the battery is extra charged after full detection by constant voltage regulation during a certain fill-up period. LiIon and SLA batteries have to identify themselves by an extra pin on the battery pack to ground, which is connected via a resistor to pin 11 (FCT). As the battery voltage sense (Vbat) has to be normalized to a one cell voltage of NiCd and NiMH packages, the Vbat input pin will be regulated to 1.367 and 1.633 V during fill-up for LiIon and SLA respectively. In this way this system can accept a mixture of one LiIon, two SLA and three NiCd or NiMH packages.

After fill-up, charging of LiIon or SLA batteries is disabled. The battery charge is then fixed to zero, ensuring maximum life-cycle of the battery.

Because of a fixed zero charge current, the battery will be discharged if a load is applied.

1999 Jan 27

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Philips Semiconductors	Preliminary specification
Fast charge ICs for NiCd, NiMH, SLA and	TEA1102; TEA1102T;
LiIon	TEA1102TS

To ensure an eventual load during all charging states, the fast charge mode will be entered again if the battery voltage drops below 15 V for SLA or 3 V for Lilon.

When charging, the standby mode (LiIon and SLA) can only be entered after a certain period of time depending on time-out. The same applies for charging NiCd or NiMH batteries. To support full test of the TEA1102x at application, the standby mode is also entered when

Vbat < Vbat(l) at fill-up or top-off respectively.

Timer

The timing of the circuit is controlled by the oscillator frequency.

The timer block defines the maximum charging time by ‘time-out’. At a fixed oscillator frequency, the time-out time can be adapted by the Programmable Time-out Divider (PTD) using the following equation.

t	time –out	= 226	× POD × PTD × t	osc	(6)

The time-out timer is put on hold by low voltage, temperature protection and during the inhibit mode.

The Programmable Oscillator Divider (POD) enables the oscillator frequency to be increased without affecting the sampling time and time-out. Raising the oscillator

frequency will reduce the size of the inductive components that are used.

At fast charging, after battery insertion, after refresh or supply interruption, the full detector will be disabled for a period of time to allow a proper start with flat or inverse polarized batteries. This hold-off period is disabled at fast charging by raising pin Vstb to above ±5 V (once).

So for test options it is possible to slip the hold-off period. The hold-off time is defined by the following equation:

t	hold –off	= 2–5	× t	time –out	(7)

Table 2 gives an overview of the settings of timing and discharge/charge currents.

Table 2 Timing and current formulae

SYMBOL	DESCRIPTION					FORMULAE
tosc	timing	see Fig.3
Tsampling ( T/ t)	NTC voltage sampling frequency	217	× POD × PSD × tosc
Tsampling (Vpeak)	battery voltage sampling frequency	216	× POD × tosc
ttop-off		227	× POD × tosc
ttime-out		226	× POD × PTD × tosc
thold-off		2−5 × ttime-out
tLED	inhibit or protection	214	× POD × tosc
tsense		210	× POD × tosc
tswitch		221	× POD × PTD × tosc
Ifast	charge/discharge currents	Rb		×	Vref
		-----------------			---------
		Rsense			Rref
Itop-off		Rb		×	3 × 10		–6
		-----------------
		Rsense
Itrickle		Rb		×	15	× 10		–6
		-----------------			------
		Rsense			16
Iload-max		Rb		×	40 × 10			–6
		-----------------
		Rsense
IRFSH		100 mV
		--------------------
		Rsense

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