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Page 1

NWA1121-NI

802.11b/g/n PoE Access Point
Default Login Details
IP Address http://192.168.1.2 User Name admin Password 1234
Version 1.00 Edition 1, 03/2012
www.zyxel.com
www.zyxel.com
IMPORTANT! READ CAREFULL Y
BEFORE USE. KEEP THIS GUIDE
Copyright © 2012 ZyXEL Communications Corporation
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IMPORTANT! READ CAREFULLY BEFORE USE. KEEP THIS GUIDE FOR FUTURE REFERENCE.
Graphics in this book may differ slightly from the product due to differences in operating systems, operating system versions, or if you installed updated firmware/software for your device. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate.
Related Documentation
•Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guid is designed to help you get up and running right away.
NWA1121-NI User’s Guide2
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Contents Overview

Contents Overview
User’s Guide .........................................................................................................................................9
Introducing the NWA1121-NI ...................................................................................................................1 1
Introducing the Web Configurator ...........................................................................................................19
Dashboard ....................................... ... .... ... ... ... ........................................................................................25
Tutorial ....................................................................................................................................................29
Technical Reference ..........................................................................................................................47
Monitor ....................................................................................................................................................49
Wireless LAN .................. ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ............................................. ... ... ... .... ... ... .................................55
LAN .........................................................................................................................................................94
VLAN ..................................... ................................. ................................ .................................................98
System ..................................................................................................................................................101
Log Settings ..........................................................................................................................................115
Maintenance .................................... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ... ...... ............................119
Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................................127
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Contents Overview
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Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Contents Overview ..............................................................................................................................3
Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................5
Part I: User’s Guide ...........................................................................................9
Chapter 1
Introducing the NWA1121-NI..............................................................................................................11
1.1 Introducing the NWA1121-NI .............................................................................................................11
1.2 Wireless Modes ................................... ... ... ... .... ... ..............................................................................11
1.2.1 MBSSID ................. .... ... ... ... .... ............................................. ... ... ... .... .......................................11
1.2.2 Wireless Client ..................................................... ... ... ... .... ... ....................................................13
1.2.3 Root AP ........................... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ............................................. ... ... .... ..........................14
1.2.4 Repeater ....................... ... ... .... ... ............................................. ... ... .... .......................................14
1.3 Ways to Manage the NWA1121-NI ........ ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ................................................. ... .......15
1.4 Configuring Your NWA1121-NI’s Security Features ......... ... ... .................................................... .......16
1.4.1 Control Access to Your Device ................................................................................................16
1.4.2 Wireless Security ....................... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ........................................................................16
1.5 Good Habits for Managing the NWA1121-NI ....................................................................................16
1.6 Hardware Connections ......................................................................................................................17
1.7 LED .............................................. .... ... ... ... ... .............................................. ... ... ... ..............................17
Chapter 2
Introducing the Web Configurator ....................................................................................................19
2.1 Accessing the Web Configurator .......................................................................................................19
2.2 Resetting the NWA1121-NI .................................... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ..............................................20
2.2.1 Methods of Restoring Factory-Defaults ...................................................................................21
2.3 Navigating the Web Configurator .............. ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... .......................................22
2.3.1 Title Bar ........................ ... ... .... ............................................. ... ... ... .... .......................................22
2.3.2 Navigation Panel ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ..............................................................................................23
2.3.3 Main Window ............................................................. ... ...........................................................24
Chapter 3
Dashboard...........................................................................................................................................25
3.1 The Dashboard Screen .....................................................................................................................25
Chapter 4
Tutorial.................................................................................................................................................29
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4.1 How to Configure the Wireless LAN .......... ... .... ... ... ... .............................................. ... ... ... .................29
4.1.1 Choosing the Wireless Mode ........................... ....................... ....................... ..........................29
4.1.2 Further Reading .......................................................................................................................29
4.2 How to Configure Multiple Wireless Networks ..................................................................................29
4.2.1 Configure the SSID Profiles .....................................................................................................31
4.2.2 Configure the Standard Network .............................................................................................33
4.2.3 Configure the VoIP Network ....................................................................................................34
4.2.4 Configure the Guest Network ..................................................................................................36
4.2.5 Testing the Wireless Networks ................................................................................................38
4.3 NWA1121-NI Setup in AP and Wireless Client Modes .................................. ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .38
4.3.1 Scenario .......................................... ... .... ... ... ............................................. .... ... ... ....................38
4.3.2 Configuring the NWA1121-NI in MBSSID or Root AP Mode ...................................................39
4.3.3 Configuring the NWA1121-NI in Wireless Client Mode ............................................................42
4.3.4 MAC Filter Setup .......................... ............................................. ... .... ... ... ... .... ..........................44
4.3.5 Testing the Connection and Troubleshooting ................... ... ... ... ... .... .......................................45
Part II: Technical Reference............................................................................47
Chapter 5
Monitor.................................................................................................................................................49
5.1 Overview ................................................ ............................................. ... .... ... ... ... .... ..........................49
5.2 What You Can Do ..................................... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ..............................................................49
5.3 View Logs .........................................................................................................................................49
5.4 Statistics .............................................................................. ... .... ... ....................................................50
5.5 Association List ................................................ ............................................. ... ... .... ..........................51
5.6 Channel Usage ................... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... .................................................................................52
Chapter 6
Wireless LAN.......................................................................................................................................55
6.1 Overview ................................................ ............................................. ... .... ... ... ... .... ..........................55
6.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter .....................................................................................................55
6.3 What You Need To Know ................. ... ............................................. ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .................56
6.4 Wireless Settings Screen .......... ... .... ... ... ... ... .....................................................................................60
6.4.1 Root AP Mode ................................. ............................................. .... ... ... ... .... ..........................61
6.4.2 Repeater Mode .......................... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ..............................................................64
6.4.3 Wireless Client Mode ...............................................................................................................67
6.4.4 MBSSID Mode ................. ... .... ... ... ... ............................................. .... ... ... ... ..............................69
6.5 SSID Screen ....................... ... ...........................................................................................................72
6.5.1 Configuring SSID ....................... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... .................................................................73
6.6 Wireless Security Screen ..................................................................................................................74
6.6.1 Security: WEP .................................... .... ... ... ... .............................................. ... ... ... .................76
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6.6.2 Security: 802.1x Only ..............................................................................................................77
6.6.3 Security: 802.1x Static WEP ....................................................................................................79
6.6.4 Security: WPA, WPA2, WPA2-MIX ............ ................................................ .... ... .......................83
6.6.5 Security: WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA2-PSK-MIX .................................................................86
6.7 RADIUS Screen ............................................... ............................................. ... ... .... ... ... ....................87
6.8 MAC Filter Screen .. ... ... ... .... ... ............................................. ... .... ... ... ... ... ...........................................89
6.9 Technical Reference ............................... ................................................ .... ... ... .................................91
6.9.1 Additional Wireless Terms .......................................................................................................91
6.9.2 WMM QoS ........................................................... ... ............................................. ... .................92
6.9.3 Security Mode Guideline ..................................... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ....................................93
Chapter 7
LAN ......................................................................................................................................................94
7.1 Overview ................................................ ............................................. ... .... ... ... ... .... ..........................94
7.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter .....................................................................................................94
7.3 What You Need to Know .................................................. ... ..............................................................94
7.4 LAN IP Screen ................ .... ... ... ... .... ............................................. ... ... ... .... ... ... .................................96
Chapter 8
VLAN....................................................................................................................................................98
8.1 Overview ................................................ ............................................. ... .... ... ... ... .... ..........................98
8.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter ...........................................................................................98
8.2 What You Need to Know .................................................. ... ..............................................................98
8.3 VLAN Screen .................. .... ... ............................................. ... .... ... ... ... ... ...........................................99
Chapter 9
System...............................................................................................................................................101
9.1 Overview ................................................ ............................................. ... .... ... ... ... .... ........................101
9.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter ...................................................................................................101
9.3 What You Need To Know ................. ... ............................................. ... ... .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ...............102
9.4 WWW Screen ..................................................................................................................................104
9.5 Certificates Screen . .........................................................................................................................105
9.6 Telnet Screen ...................................................................................... ... .... ... ... ... .... ........................106
9.7 SNMP Screen ................. .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ............................................. .... ... ... ... .... ... .....................107
9.8 FTP Screen ............... ... ... .... ... ... ............................................. .... ... ... ... ... .... ... ..................................110
9.9 Technical Reference ............................... ................................................ .... ... ... ............................... 111
9.9.1 MIB ........................ .... ... ... ... .... ... ... ............................................. ... .... ... .................................. 111
9.9.2 Supported MIBs ...................... ... ... ... ... .... ............................................. ... ... .... ... ... ..................112
9.9.3 Private-Public Certificates ............................ ... .... ... ... ... .........................................................112
9.9.4 Certification Authorities ....... .... ... ... ... ... ................................................. ... ... ............................112
9.9.5 Checking the Fingerprint of a Certificate on Your Computer .................................................112
Chapter 10
Log Settings......................................................................................................................................115
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10.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................115
10.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter ..................... ... ... .... ... ... ................................................ .... ........115
10.3 What You Need To Know ..............................................................................................................116
10.4 Log Settings Screen ......................................................................................................................116
Chapter 11
Maintenance......................................................................................................................................119
11.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................119
11.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter ...................................................... ... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...............119
11.3 What You Need To Know ...............................................................................................................120
11.4 General Screen .............................................................................................................................120
11.5 Password Screen ..........................................................................................................................121
11.6 Time Screen ..................................................................................................................................122
11.7 Firmware Upgrade Screen ............................................................................................................123
11.8 Configuration File Screen ..............................................................................................................124
11.8.1 Backup Configuration ..... ... .... ... ............................................. ... ... .... .....................................124
11.8.2 Restore Configuration ..........................................................................................................124
11.8.3 Back to Factory Defaults ....................... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... .... .....................................................125
11.9 Restart Screen ..............................................................................................................................125
Chapter 12
Troubleshooting................................................................................................................................127
12.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs ........................ ... .... ... ... ... ............................................127
12.2 NWA1121-NI Access and Login ....................................................................................................128
12.3 Internet Access .............................................................................................................................129
Appendix A Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address ......................................................................131
Appendix B Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions...................................................159
Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting.......................................................................................171
Appendix D Wireless LANs..............................................................................................................179
Appendix E Legal Information..........................................................................................................193
Index ..................................................................................................................................................201
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PART I

User’s Guide

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CHAPTER 1

Introducing the NWA1121-NI

This chapter introduces the main applications and features of the NWA1121-NI. It also discusses the ways you can manage your NWA1121-NI.

1.1 Introducing the NWA1121-NI

Your NWA1121-NI is an IPv6 wireless AP (Access Point) that can function in several wireless modes. It extends the range of your existing wired network without additional wiring, providing easy network access to mobile users.
The NWA1121-NI controls network access with MAC address filtering and RADIUS server authentication. It also provides a high level of network traffic security, supporting IEEE 802.1x, Wi­Fi Protected Access (WPA), WPA2 and WEP data encryption. Its Quality of Service (QoS) features allow you to prioritize time-sensitive or highly important applications such as VoIP.
Your NWA1121-NI is easy to install, configure and use. The embedded Web-based configurator enables simple, straightforward management and maintenance.
See the Quick Start Guide for instructions on how to make hardware connections.

1.2 Wireless Modes

The NWA1121-NI can be configured to use the following WLAN operating modes:
OPERATING MODE
MBSSID 8 No Yes Client 1 No No Root AP 5 Yes Yes Repeater 1 Yes Yes
Applications for each operating mode are shown below.
1.2.1 MBSSID
NUMBER OF SUPPORTED SSID
UNIVERSAL REPEATER FUNCTION
AP FUNCTION
A Basic Service Set (BSS) is the set of devices forming a single wireless network (usually an access point and one or more wireless clients). The Service Set IDentifier (SSID) is the name of a BSS. In
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Multiple BSS (MBSSID) mode, the NWA1121-NI provides multiple virtual APs, each forming its own BSS and using its own individual SSID profile.
You can configure multiple SSID profiles, and have all of them active at any one time.
You can assign different wireless and security settings to each SSID profile. This allows you to compartmentalize groups of users, set varying access privileges, and prioritize network traffic to and from certain BSSs.
To the wireless clients in the network, each SSID appears to be a different access point. As in any wireless network, clients can associate only with the SSIDs for which they have the correct security settings.
For example, you might want to set up a wireless network in your office where Internet telephony (VoIP) users have priority. You also want a regular wireless network for standard users, as well as a ‘guest’ wireless network for visitors. In the following figure, VoIP_SSID users have QoS priority, SSID01 is the wireless network for standard users, and Guest_SSID is the wireless network for guest users. In this example, the guest user is forbidden access to the wired Land Area Network (LAN) behind the AP and can access only the Internet.
Figure 1 Multiple BSSs
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1.2.2 Wireless Client
The NWA1121-NI can be used as a wireless client to communicate with an existing network. In the figure below, the printer can receive requests from the wired computer clients A and B via the NWA1121-NI in Client mode (Z).
Figure 2 Wireless Client Application
Chapter 1 Introducing the NWA1121-NI
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1.2.3 Root AP
In Root AP mode, the NWA1121-NI (Z) can act as the root AP in a wireless network and also allow repeaters (X and Y) to extend the range of its wireless network at the same time. In the figure below, both clients A, B and C can access the wired network through the root AP.
Figure 3 Root AP Application
On the NWA1121-NI in Root AP mode, you can have multiple SSIDs active for reqular wireless connections and one SSID for the connection with a repeater (universal repeater SSID). Wireless clients can use either SSID to associate with the NWA1121-NI in Root AP mode. A repeater must use the universal repeater SSID to connect to the NWA1121-NI in Root AP mode.
When the NWA1121-NI is in Root AP mode, universal repeater security between the NWA1121-NI and other repeater is independent of the security between the wireless clients and the AP or repeater. If you do not enable universal repeater security, traffic between APs is not encrypted. When universal repeater security is enabled, both APs and repeaters must use the same pre-shared key. See Section 6.6 on page 74 for more details.
Unless specified, the term “security settings” refers to the traffic between the wireless clients and the AP. At the time of writing, universal repeater security is compatible with the NWA1121-NI only.
1.2.4 Repeater
The NWA can act as a wireless network repeater to extend a root AP’s wireless network range, and also establish wireless connections with wireless clients.
Using Repeater mode, your NWA1121-NI can extend the range of the WLAN. In the figure below, the NWA1121-NI in Repeater mode (Z) has a wireless connection to the NWA1121-NI in Root AP mode (X) which is connected to a wired network and also has a wireless connection to another NWA1121-NI in Repeater mode (Y) at the same time. Z and Y act as repeaters that forward traffic
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between associated wireless clients and the wired LAN. Clients A, B and C access the AP and the wired network behind the AP throught repeaters Z and Y.
Figure 4 Repeater Application
When the NWA1121-NI is in Repeater mode, universal repeater security between the NWA1121-NI and other repeater is independent of the security between the wireless clients and the AP or repeater. If you do not enable universal repeater security, traffic between APs is not encrypted. When universal repeater security is enabled, both APs and repeaters must use the same pre-shared key. See Section 6.6 on page 74 for more details.
Once the security settings of peer sides match one another, the connection between devices is made.
At the time of writing, universal repeater security is compatible with the NWA1121-NI only.

1.3 Ways to Manage the NWA1121-NI

Use any of the following methods to manage the NWA1121-NI.
• Web Configurator. This is recommended for everyday management of the NWA1121-NI using a (supported) web browser.
• FTP (File Transfer Protocol) for firmware upgrades and configuration backup and restore.
• SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). The device can be monitored by an SNMP manager.
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Chapter 1 Introducing the NWA1121-NI

1.4 Configuring Your NWA1121-NI’s Security Features

Your NWA1121-NI comes with a variety of security features. This section summarizes these features and provides links to sections in the User’s Guide to configure security settings on your NWA1121-NI. Follow the suggestions below to improve security on your NWA1121-NI and network.
1.4.1 Control Access to Your Device
Ensure only people with permission can access your NWA1121-NI.
• Control physical access by locating devices in secure areas, such as locked rooms. Most NWA1121-NIs have a reset button. If an unauthorized person has access to the reset button, they can then reset the device’s password to its default password, log in and reconfigure its settings.
• Change any default passwords on the NWA1121-NI, such as the password used for accessing the NWA1121-NI’s web configurator (if it has a web configurator). Use a password with a combination of letters and numbers and change your password regularly. Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
•See Section 11.5 on page 121 for instructions on changing your password.
• Configure remote management to control who can manage your NWA1121-NI. See Chapter 9 on
page 101 for more information. If you enable remote management, ensure you have enabled
remote management only on the IP addresses, services or interfaces you intended and that other remote management settings are disabled.
1.4.2 Wireless Security
Wireless devices are especially vulnerable to attack. Take the following measures to improve wireless security.
• Enable wireless security on your NWA1121-NI. Choose the most secure encryption method that all devices on your network support. See Section 6.6 on page 74 for directions on configuring encryption. If you have a RADIUS server, enable IEEE 802.1x or WPA(2) user identification on your network so users must log in. This method is more common in business environments.
• Hide your wireless network name (SSID). The SSID can be regularly broadcast and unauthorized users may use this information to access your network. See Section 6.5 on page 72 for directions on using the web configurator to hide the SSID.
• Enable the MAC filter to allow only trusted users to access your wireless network or deny unwanted users access based on their MAC address. See Section 6.8 on page 89 for directions on configuring the MAC filter.

1.5 Good Habits for Managing the NWA1121-NI

Do the following things regularly to make the NWA1121-NI more secure and to manage it more effectively.
• Change the password. Use a password that’s not easy to guess and that consists of different types of characters, such as numbers and letters.
• Write down the password and put it in a safe place.
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• Back up the configuration (and make sure you know how to restore it). Restoring an earlier working configuration may be useful if the device becomes unstable or even crashes. If you forget your password, you will have to reset the NWA1121-NI to its factory default settings. If you backed up an earlier configuration file, you would not have to totally re-configure the NWA1121-NI. You could simply restore your last configuration.

1.6 Hardware Connections

See your Quick Start Guide for information on making hardware connections.

1.7 LED

Figure 5 LED
Chapter 1 Introducing the NWA1121-NI
Table 1 LED
COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION
Amber On There is system error and the NWA1121-NI cannot boot up, or the
Green On The WLAN is active.
NWA1121-NI User’s Guide
NWA1121-NI doesn’t have an Ethernet connection with the LAN. Flashing The NWA1121-NI is starting up. Off The NWA1121-NI is receiving power and ready for use.
Blinking The WLAN is active, and transmitting or receiving data. Off The WLAN is not active.
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CHAPTER 2

Introducing the Web Configurator

This chapter describes how to access the NWA1121-NI’s web configurator and provides an overview of its screens.

2.1 Accessing the Web Configurator

1 Make sure your hardware is properly connected and prepare your computer or computer network to
connect to the NWA1121-NI (refer to the Quick Start Guide).
2 Launch your web browser.
3 Type "192.168.1.2" as the URL (default). The login screen appears.
Figure 6 The Login Screen
4 Type “admin” as the (default) username and “1234” as the (default) password. Click Login.
5 You should see a screen asking you to change your password (highly recommended) as shown
next. Type a new password (and retype it to confirm) then click Apply. Alternatively, click Ignore.
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Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator
Note: If you do not change the password, the following screen appears every time you
login.
Figure 7 Change Password Screen
You should now see the Dashboard screen. See Chapter 2 on page 19 for details about the Dashboard screen.

2.2 Resetting the NWA1121-NI

If you forget your password or cannot access the web configurator, you will need to use the RESET button at the rear panel of the NWA1121-NI. This replaces the current configuration file with the
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factory-default configuration file. This means that you will lose all the settings you previously configured. The password will be reset to “1234”.
Figure 8 The RESET Button
2.2.1 Methods of Restoring Factory-Defaults
You can erase the current configuration and restore factory defaults in two ways:
Use the RESET button to upload the default configuration file. Hold this button in for about 3 seconds (the light will begin to blink). Use this method for cases when the password or IP address of the NWA1121-NI is not known.
Use the web configurator to restore defaults (refer to Section 11.8 on page 124).
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Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator
A
B
C

2.3 Navigating the Web Configurator

The following summarizes how to navigate the web configurator from the Dashboard screen.
Figure 9 Status Screen of the Web Configurator
As illustrated above, the Web Configurator screen is divided into these parts:
• A - title bar
• B - navigation panel
• C - main window
2.3.1 Title Bar
Click Logout at any time to exit the Web Configurator.
Click ZAbout to open the about window, which provides information of the boot module and driver versions.
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2.3.2 Navigation Panel
Use the menu items on the navigation panel to open screens to configure NWA1121-NI features. The following tables describe each menu item.
Table 2 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Dashboard This screen shows the NWA1121-NI’s general device and network
Monitor Logs View Log Use this screen to view the logs for the categories that you selected. Statistics Use this screen to view port status, packet specific statistics, the
Association List Use this screen to view the wireless stations that are currently
Channel Usage Use this screen to know whether a channel is used by another
Configuration Network
Wireless LAN Wireless
Settings SSID Use this screen to configure up to eight SSID profiles for your
Security Use this screen to configure wireless security profiles on the
RADIUS Use this screen to configure up to four RADIUS profiles.
MAC Filter Use this screen to configure MAC filtering profiles. LAN Use this screen to configure the NWA1121-NI’s LAN IP address. VLAN Use this screen to configure the NWA1121-NI’s VLAN settings.
System WWW Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from
Certificates Use this screen to import or remove a certificate from the NWA1121-
Telent Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from
SNMP Use this screen to configure the NWA1121-NI for SNMP management.
FTP Use this screen to configure through which interface(s) and from
Log Settings Use this screen to change your log settings. Maintenance General Use this screen to configure your device’s name. Password Use this screen to configure your device’s password. Time Use this screen to change your NWA1121-NI’s time and date. Firmware Upgrade Use this screen to upload firmware to your device.
Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator
status information. Use this screen to access the statistics and client list.
"system up time" and so on.
associated to the NWA1121-NI.
wireless network or not.
Use this screen to configure the wireless LAN settings and NWA1121­NI’s operation mode.
NWA1121-NI.
NWA1121-NI.
which IP address(es) users can use HTTP to manage the NWA1121­NI.
NI.
which IP address(es) users can use Telnet to manage the NWA1121­NI.
which IP address(es) users can use FTP to access the NWA1121-NI.
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Chapter 2 Introducing the Web Configurator
Table 2 Navigation Panel Summary
LINK TAB FUNCTION
Configuration File Use this screen to backup and restore your device’s configuration
Restart Use this screen to reboot the NWA1121-NI without turning the power
2.3.3 Main Window
The main window displays information and configuration fields. It is discussed in the rest of this document.
(settings) or reset the factory default settings.
off.
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The Dashboard screens display when you log into the NWA1121-NI, or click Dashboard in the navigation menu.
Use the Dashboard screen to look at the current status of the device, system resources, and interfaces. The Dashboard screens also provide detailed information about system statistics, associated wireless clients, and logs.

3.1 The Dashboard Screen

Use this screen to get a quick view of system, Ethernet, WLAN and other information regarding your NWA1121-NI.
Click Dashboard. The following screen displays.
CHAPTER 3

Dashboard

Figure 10 The Dashboard Screen
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Chapter 3 Dashboard
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 3 The Dashboard Screen
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Refresh Interval Select how often you want the NWA1121-NI to update this screen. Refresh Now Click this to update this screen immediately. System Information
System Name This field displays the NWA1121-NI system name. It is used for identification. You
WLAN Operating Mode
Firmware Version This field displays the current version of the firmware inside the device. It also
Serial Number This field displays the serial number of the NWA1121-NI.
Ethernet Information
LAN MAC Address This displays the MAC (Media Access Control) address of the NWA1121-NI on the
IPv4 Address This field displays the current IPv4 address of the NWA1121-NI on the network. Subnet Mask Subnet masks determine the maximum number of possible hosts on a network.
Gateway IP Address This is the IP address of the gateway. The gateway is a router or switch on the
IPv6 Address This field displays the current IPv6 address(es) of the NWA1121-NI on the
Link Local This is the IPv6 link-local address that the NWA1121-NI generates automatically. Global This is the NWA1121-NI’s IPv6 global address that you specify manually in the
WLAN Information
SSID This field displays the SSID (Service Set Identifier). This is available only when the
Channel The channel or frequency used by the NWA1121-NI to send and receive
Status This shows the current status of the wireless LAN. This is available only when the
Security Mode This displays the security mode the NWA1121-NI is using. This is available only
Summary
Statistics Click this link to view port status and packet specific statistics. See Section 5.4 on
Association List Click this to see a list of wireless clients currently associated to each of the
View Log Click this to see a list of logs produced by the NWA1121-NI. See Section 5.3 on
System Status
System Up Time This field displays the elapsed time since the NWA1121-NI was turned on.
can change this in the Maintenance > General screen’s System Name field. This field displays the current operating mode of the wireless module (Root AP,
Repeater, Client, or MBSSID). You can change the operating mode in the Configuration > Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings screen.
shows the date the firmware version was created. You can change the firmware version by uploading new firmware in Maintenance > Firmware Upgrade.
LAN. Every network device has a unique MAC address which identifies it across the network.
You can also use subnet masks to divide one network into multiple sub-networks.
same network segment as the device's LAN port. The gateway helps forward packets to their destinations.
network.
Configuration > LAN screen.
WLAN operation mode is Client.
information.
WLAN operation mode is Client.
when the WLAN operation mode is Client.
page 50.
NWA1121-NI’s wireless modules. See Section 5.5 on page 51.
page 49.
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Chapter 3 Dashboard
Table 3 The Dashboard Screen (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Current Date/Time This field displays the date and time configured on the NWA1121-NI. You can
change this in the Maintenance > Time screen.
System Resource CPU Usage This field displays what percentage of the NWA1121-NI’s processing ability is
currently being used. The higher the CPU usage, the more likely the NWA1121-NI is to slow down.
Memory Usage This field displays what percentage of the NWA1121-NI’s volatile memory is
currently in use. The higher the memory usage, the more likely the NWA1121-NI is to slow down. Some memory is required just to start the NWA1121-NI and to run the web configurator.
Interface Status
Interface This column displays each interface of the NWA1121-NI. Status This field indicates whether or not the NWA1121-NI is using the interface.
For each interface, this field displays Up when the NWA1121-NI is using the interface and Down when the NWA1121-NI is not using the interface.
Channel This shows the channel number which the NWA1121-NI is currently using over the
Rate For the LAN port this displays the port speed and duplex setting.
SSID Status This section is not available when the WLAN operation mode is Client.
Interface This column displays each of the NWA1121-NI’s wireless interfaces. SSID This field displays the SSID(s) currently used by each wireless module. BSSID This field displays the MAC address of the wireless module. Security This field displays the type of wireless security used by each SSID. VLAN This field displays the VLAN ID of each SSID in use, or Disabled if the SSID does
wireless LAN.
For the WLAN interface, it displays the downstream and upstream transmission rate or N/A if the interface is not in use.
not use VLAN.
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Chapter 3 Dashboard
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CHAPTER 4
This chapter first provides an overview of how to configure the wireless LAN on your NWA1121-NI, and then gives step-by-step guidelines showing how to configure your NWA1121-NI for some example scenarios.

4.1 How to Configure the Wireless LAN

This section illustrates how to choose which wireless operating mode to use on the NWA1121-NI and how to set up the wireless LAN in each wireless mode. See Section 4.1.2 on page 29 for links to more information on each step.
4.1.1 Choosing the Wireless Mode

Tutorial

•Use MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set Identifier) operating mode if you want to use the
NWA1121-NI as an access point with some groups of users having different security or QoS settings from other groups of users. See Section 1.2.1 on page 11 for details.
•Use Client operating mode if you want to use the NWA1121-NI to access a wireless network. See
Section 1.2.2 on page 13 for details.
•Use Root AP operating mode if you want to allow wireless clients to access your wired network
through the NWA1121-NI and also have repeaters communicate with the NWA1121-NI to expand wireleass coverage. See Section 1.2.3 on page 14 for details.
•Use Repeater operating mode if you want to use the NWA1121-NI to communicate with the root
AP or other repeaters. See Section 1.2.4 on page 14 for details.
4.1.2 Further Reading
Use these links to find more information on the steps:
• Choosing 802.11 Mode: see Section 6.4 on page 60.
• Choosing a wireless Channel ID: see Section 6.4 on page 60.
• Choosing a Security mode: see Section 6.6 on page 74.
• Configuring an external RADIUS server: see Section 6.7 on page 87.
•Configuring MAC Filtering: see Section 6.8 on page 89.

4.2 How to Configure Multiple Wireless Networks

In this example, you have been using your NWA1121-NI as an access point for your office network. Now your network is expanding and you want to make use of the MBSSID feature (see Section
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Z
A
B
6.4.4 on page 69) to provide multiple wireless networks. Each wireless network will cater to a
different type of user.
You want to make three wireless networks: one standard office wireless network with all the same settings you already have, another wireless network with high priority QoS settings for Voice over IP (VoIP) users, and a guest network that allows visitors to access only the Internet and the network printer.
To do this, you will take the following steps:
1 Edit the SSID profiles.
2 Change the operating mode from Root AP to MBSSID and reactivate the standard network.
3 Configure different security modes for the networks.
4 Configure a wireless network for standard office use.
5 Configure a wireless network for VoIP users.
6 Configure a wireless network for guests to your office.
The following figure shows the multiple networks you want to set up. Your NWA1121-NI is marked Z, the main network router is marked A, and your network printer is marked B.
30
The standard network (SSID01) has access to all resources. The VoIP network (VoIP_SSID) has access to all resources and a high QoS priority. The guest network (Guest_SSID) has access to the Internet and the network printer only, and a low QoS priority.
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To configure these settings, you need to know the Media Access Control (MAC) addresses of the devices you want to allow users of the guest network to access. The following table shows the addresses used in this example.
Table 4 Tutorial: Example Information
Network router (A) MAC address 00:AA:00:AA:00:AA Network printer (B) MAC address AA:00:AA:00:AA:00
4.2.1 Configure the SSID Profiles
1 Log in to the NWA1121-NI (see Section 2.1 on page 19). Click Wireless LAN > SSID. The SSID
screen appears.
2 Click the Edit icon next to the Profile1.
Chapter 4 Tutorial
3 Rename the Profile Name and SSID as SSID01. Click Apply.
4 Repeat Step 2 and 3 to change Profile2 and Profile3 to VoIP_SSID and Guest_SSID.
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4.2.1.1 MBSSID
1 Go to Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings. Select MBSSID from the Operation Mode drop-down
list box.
2 SSID01 is the standard network, so select SSID01 as the first profile. It is always active.
3 Select VoIP_SSID as the second profile, and Guest_SSID as the third profile. Select the
corresponding Active check-boxes.
4 Click Apply to save your settings. Now the three SSIDs are activated.
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4.2.2 Configure the Standard Network
1 Click Wireless LAN > SSID. Click the Edit icon next to SSID01.
2 Select SecProfile1 as SSID01’s security profile. Select the Hidden SSID checkbox as you want
only authorized company employees to use this network, so there is no need to broadcast the SSID to wireless clients scanning the area.
Chapter 4 Tutorial
Also, the clients on SSID01 might need to access other clients on the same wireless network. Do not select the Intra-BSS Traffic blocking check-box.
Click Apply.
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Chapter 4 Tutorial
3 Next, click Wireless LAN > Security. Click the Edit icon next to SecProfile1.
4 Since SSID01 is the standard network that has access to all resources, assign a more secure
security mode. Select WPA2-PSK-MIX as the Security Mode, and enter the Pre-Shared Key. In this example, use ThisisSSID01PreSharedKey. Click Apply.
5 You have finished configuring the standard network, SSID01.
4.2.3 Configure the VoIP Network
1 Go to Wireless LAN > SSID. Click the Edit icon next to VoIP_SSID.
2 Select SecProfile2 as the Security Profile for the VoIP network. Select the Hidden SSID check-
box.
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3 Select WMM_VOICE in the QoS field to give VoIP the highest priority in the wireless network. Click
Apply.
4 Next, click Wireless LAN > Security. Click the Edit icon next to SecProfile2.
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5 Select WPA2-PSK as the Security Mode, and enter the Pre-Shared Key. In this example, use
ThisisVoIPPreSharedKey. Click Apply.
6 Your VoIP wireless network is now ready to use. Any traffic using the VoIP_SSID profile will be
given the highest priority across the wireless network.
4.2.4 Configure the Guest Network
When you are setting up the wireless network for guests to your office, your primary concern is to keep your network secure while allowing access to certain resources (such as a network printer, or the Internet). For this reason, the pre-configured Guest_SSID profile has intra-BSS traffic blocking enabled by default. “Intra-BSS traffic blocking” means that the client cannot access other clients on the same wireless network.
1 Click Wireless LAN > SSID. Click the Edit icon next to Guest_SSID.
2 Select SecProfile3 in the Security field. Do not select the Hidden SSID check-box so the guests
can easily find the wireless network.
3 Select WMM_BESTEFFORT in the QoS field to give the guest a lower QoS priority.
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4 Select the check-box of Intra-BSS Traffic blocking Enabled. Click Apply.
Chapter 4 Tutorial
5 Next, click Wireless LAN > Security. Click the Edit icon next to SecProfile3.
6 Select WPA-PSK in the Security Mode field. WPA-PSK provides strong security that is supported
by most wireless clients. Even though your Guest_SSID clients do not have access to sensitive information on the network, you should not leave the network without security. An attacker could still cause damage to the network or intercept unsecured communications or use your Internet access for illegal activities.
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7 Enter the PSK you want to use in your network in the Pre Shared Key field. In this example, the
PSK is ThisismyGuestWPApre-sharedkey. Click Apply.
8 Your guest wireless network is now ready to use.
4.2.5 Testing the Wireless Networks
To make sure that the three networks are correctly configured, do the following.
• On a computer with a wireless client, scan for access points. You should see the Guest_SSID network, but not the SSID01 and VoIP_SSID networks. If you can see the SSID01 and VoIP_SSID networks, go to its SSID Edit screen and make sure to select the Hidden SSID check-box and click Apply.
• Try to access each network using the correct security settings, and then using incorrect security settings, such as the WPA-PSK for another active network. If the behavior is different from expected (for example, if you can access the SSID01 or VoIP_SSID wireless network using the security settings for the Guest_SSID wireless network) check that the SSID profile is set to use the correct security profile, and that the settings of the security profile are correct.

4.3 NWA1121-NI Setup in AP and Wireless Client Modes

This example shows you how to restrict wireless access to your NWA1121-NI.
4.3.1 Scenario
In the figure below, there are two NWA1121-NIs (A and B) in the network. A is in MBSSID or root AP mode while station B is in wireless client mode. Station B is connected to a File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server. You want only specified wireless clients to be able to access station B. You also want
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to allow wireless traffic between B and wireless clients connected to A (W, Y and Z). Other wireless devices (X) must not be able to connect to the FTP server.
Figure 11 FTP Server Connected to a Wireless Client
4.3.2 Configuring the NWA1121-NI in MBSSID or Root AP Mode
Before setting up the NWA1121-NI as a wireless client (B), you need to make sure there is an access point to connect to. Use the Ethernet port on NWA1121-NI (A) to configure it via a wired connection.
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Chapter 4 Tutorial
Log into the Web Configurator on NWA1121-NI (A) and go to the Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings screen.
1 Set the Operation Mode to Root AP.
2 Select the Wireless Mode. In this example, select 802.11b/g/n.
3 Select Profile1 as the SSID Profile.
4 Choose the Channel you want NWA1121-NI (A) to use.
5 Click Apply.
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6 Go to Wireless LAN > SSID. Click the Edit icon next to Profile1.
7 Change the SSID to AP-A.
8 Select SecProfile1 in the Security field.
9 Select the check-box for Intra-BSS Traffic blocking Enabled so the client cannot access other
clients on the same wireless network.
10 Click Apply.
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11 Go to Wireless LAN > Security. Click the Edit icon next to SecProfile1.
12 Configure WPA-PSK as the Security Mode and enter ThisisMyPreSharedKey in the Pre-
Shared Key field.
13 Click Apply to finish configuration for NWA1121-NI (A).
4.3.3 Configuring the NWA1121-NI in Wireless Client Mode
The NWA1121-NI (B) should have a wired connection before it can be set to wireless client operating mode. Connect your NWA1121-NI to the FTP server. Login to NWA1121-NI (B)’s Web Configurator and go to the Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings screen. Follow these steps to configure station B.
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1 Select Client as Operation Mode. Click Apply.
Chapter 4 Tutorial
2 Click on the Site Survey button. A window should pop up which contains a list of all available
wireless devices within your NWA1121-NI’s range.
3 Find and select NWA1121-NI (A)’s SSID: AP-A.
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4 Go to Wireless LAN > Security to configure the NWA1121-NI to use the same security mode and
Pre-Shared Key as NWA1121-NI (A): WPA-PSK/ThisisMyPreSharedKey. Click Apply.
Figure 12
4.3.4 MAC Filter Setup
One way to ensure that only specified wireless clients can access the FTP server is by enabling MAC filtering on NWA1121-NI (B) (See Section 6.8 on page 89 for more information on MAC Filter).
1 Go to Wireless LAN > MAC Filter. Click the Edit icon next to MacProfile1.
2 Select Allow in the Access Control Mode field. Enter the MAC addresses of the wireless clients
(W, Y and Z) you want to associate with the NWA1121-NI. Click Apply.
Now, only the authorized wireless clients (W, Y and Z) can access the FTP server.
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4.3.5 Testing the Connection and Troubleshooting
This section discusses how you can check if you have correctly configured your network setup as described in this tutorial.
• Try accessing the FTP server from wireless clients W, Y or Z. Test if you can send or retrieve a file. If you cannot establish a connection with the FTP server, do the following steps.
1 Make sure W, Y and Z use the same wireless security settings as A and can access A.
2 Make sure B uses the same wireless and wireless security settings as A and can access A.
3 Make sure intra-BSS traffic is enabled on A.
• Try accessing the FTP server from X. If you are able to access the FTP server, do the following.
1 Make sure MAC filtering is enabled.
2 Make sure X’s MAC address is not entered in the list of allowed devices.
Chapter 4 Tutorial
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Chapter 4 Tutorial
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PART II

Technical Reference

The appendices provide general information. Some details may not apply to your NWA1121-NI.
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5.1 Overview

This chapter discusses read-only information related to the device state of the NWA1121-NI.
Note: To access the Monitor screens, you can also click the links in the Summary table of
the Dashboard screen to view the wireless packets sent/received as well as the status of clients connected to the NWA1121-NI.

5.2 What You Can Do

•Use the Logs screen to see the logs for the categories that you selected in the Configuration > Log Settings screen (see Section 5.3 on page 49). You can view logs in this page. Once the log
entries are all used, the log will wrap around and the old logs will be deleted.
•use the Statistics screen to view 802.11 mode, channel number, wireless packet specific statistics and so on (see Section 5.4 on page 50).
•Use the Association List screen to view the wireless devices that are currently associated to the NWA1121-NI (see Section 5.5 on page 51).
•Use the Channel Usage screen to view whether a channel is used by another wireless network or not. If a channel is being used, you should select a channel removed from it by five channels to completely avoid overlap (see Section 5.6 on page 52).
CHAPTER 5

Monitor

5.3 View Logs

Use the Logs screen to see the logged messages for the NWA1121-NI.
Log entries in red indicate system error logs. The log wraps around and deletes the old entries after it fills.
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Chapter 5 Monitor
Click Monitor > Logs.
Figure 13 Logs
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 5 Logs
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Display Select a category of logs to view. Select All Log to view logs from all of the log
E-Mail Log Now Click E-Mail Log Now to send the log screen to the e-mail address specified in the Log
Refresh Click Refresh to renew the log screen. Clear Log Click Clear Log to delete all the logs. # This field is a sequential value and is not associated with a specific entry. Time This field displays the time the log was recorded. Message This field states the reason for the log. Source This field lists the source IP address and the port number of the incoming packet.

5.4 Statistics

Use this screen to view read-only information, including 802.11 Mode, Channel ID, Retry Count and FCS Error Count. Also provided is the "poll interval". The Poll Interval field is configurable and is used for refreshing the screen.
categories that you selected in the Configuration > Log Settings screen.
Settings page (make sure that you have first filled in the E-mail Log Settings fields in Configuration > Log Settings).
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Chapter 5 Monitor
Click Monitor > Statistics. The following screen pops up.
Figure 14 Statistics
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 6 Statistics
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Description This is the wireless interface on the NWA1121-NI.
802.11 Mode This field shows which 802.11 mode the NWA1121-NI is using. Channel ID This shows the channel number which the NWA1121-NI is currently using over the
RX Pkts This is the number of received packets on this port. TX Pkts This is the number of transmitted packets on this port. Retry Count This is the total number of retries for transmitted packets (TX). FCS Error Count This is the total number of checksum error of received packets (RX). Poll Interval Enter the time interval for refreshing statistics. Set Interval Click this button to apply the new poll interval you entered above. Stop Click this button to stop refreshing statistics.
wireless LAN.

5.5 Association List

View the wireless devices that are currently associated with the NWA1121-NI in the Association List screen. Association means that a wireless client (for example, your network or computer with
a wireless network card) has connected successfully to the AP (or wireless router) using the same SSID, channel and security settings.
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Chapter 5 Monitor
Click Monitor > Association List to display the screen as shown next.
Figure 15 Association List
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 7 Association List
LABEL DESCRIPTION
# This is the index number of an associated wireless device. MAC Address This field displays the MAC address of an associated wireless device. SSID This field displays the SSID to which the wireless device is associated. Association Time This field displays the time a wireless device first associated with the NWA1121-NI’s
Signal Strength This field displays the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) of the wireless
Refresh Click Refresh to reload the list.
wireless network.
connection.

5.6 Channel Usage

Use this screen to know whether a channel is used by another wireless network or not. If a channel is being used, you should select a channel removed from it by five channels to completely avoid overlap.
Click Monitor > Channel Usage to display the screen shown next.
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Wait a moment while the NWA1121-NI compiles the information.
Figure 16 Channel Usage
Chapter 5 Monitor
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 8 Channel Usage
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SSID This is the Service Set IDentification (SSID) name of the AP in an Infrastructure
wireless network or wireless station in an Ad-Hoc wireless network. For our purposes, we define an Infrastructure network as a wireless network that uses an AP and an Ad­Hoc network (also known as Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)) as one that doesn’t. See the chapter on wireless configuration for more information on basic service sets (BSS) and extended service sets (ESS).
Channel This is the index number of the channel currently used by the associated AP in an
Infrastructure wireless network or wireless station in an Ad-Hoc wireless network.
MAC Address This field displays the MAC address of the AP in an Infrastructure wireless network. It
is randomly generated (so ignore it) in an Ad-Hoc wireless network. Wireless Mode This is the IEEE 802.1x standard used by the wireless network. Signal Strength This field displays the strength of the AP’s signal. If you must choose a channel that is
Security This is the wireless security method used by the wireless network to protect wireless
Refresh Click Refresh to reload the screen.
currently in use, choose one with low signal strength for minimum interference.
communication between wireless stations, access points and the wired network.
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Chapter 5 Monitor
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6.1 Overview

This chapter discusses the steps to configure the Wireless Settings screen on the NWA1121-NI. It also introduces the wireless LAN (WLAN) and some basic scenarios.
Figure 17 Wireless Mode
CHAPTER 6

Wireless LAN

In the figure above, the NWA1121-NI allows access to another bridge device (A) and a notebook computer (B) upon verifying their settings and credentials. It denies access to other devices (C and D) with configurations that do not match those specified in your NWA1121-NI.

6.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter

•Use the Wireless Settings screen to configure the NWA1121-NI’s operation mode (see Section
6.4 on page 60).
•Uee the SSID screen to configure up to eight SSID profiles for your NWA1121-NI (see Section
6.5 on page 72).
•Use the Security screen to choose the wireless security mode for your NWA1121-NI (see Section
6.6 on page 74).
•Use the RADIUS screen if you want to authenticate wireless users using a RADIUS Server and/or
accounting server (see Section 6.7 on page 87).
•Use the MAC Filter screen to specify which wireless station is allowed or denied access to the
NWA1121-NI (see Section 6.8 on page 89).
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Chapter 6 Wireless LAN

6.3 What You Need To Know

BSS
A Basic Service Set (BSS) exists when all communications between wireless clients or between a wireless client and a wired network client go through one access point (AP). Intra-BSS traffic is traffic between wireless clients in the BSS.
ESS
An Extended Service Set (ESS) consists of a series of overlapping BSSs, each containing an access point, with each access point connected together by a wired network. This wired connection between APs is called a Distribution System (DS).
Operating Mode
The NWA1121-NI can run in four operating modes as follows:
• Root AP. The NWA1121-NI is a wireless access point that allows wireless communication to
other devices in the network.
• Repeater. The NWA1121-NI acts as a wireless repeater and increase a root AP’s wireless
coverage area.
• Client. The NWA1121-NI acts as a wireless client to access a wireless network.
• MBSSID. The Multiple Basic Service Set Identifier (MBSSID) mode allows you to use one
access point to provide several BSSs simultaneously.
Refer to Chapter 1 on page 11 for illustrations of these wireless applications.
SSID
The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) is the name that identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is associated. Wireless stations associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. In other words, it is the name of the wireless network that clients use to connect to it.
Normally, the NWA1121-NI acts like a beacon and regularly broadcasts the SSID in the area. You can hide the SSID instead, in which case the NWA1121-NI does not broadcast the SSID. In addition, you should change the default SSID to something that is difficult to guess.
This type of security is fairly weak, however, because there are ways for unauthorized wireless devices to get the SSID. In addition, unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network.
Channel
A channel is the radio frequency(ies) used by wireless devices. Channels available depend on your geographical area. You may have a choice of channels (for your region) so you should use a different channel than an adjacent AP (access point) to reduce interference.
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Chapter 6 Wireless LAN
Wireless Mode
The IEEE 802.1x standard was designed to extend the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended authentication as well as providing additional accounting and control features. Your NWA1121-NI can support 802.11b/g, 802.11n and 802.11b/g/n.
MBSSID
Traditionally, you needed to use different APs to configure different Basic Service Sets (BSSs). As well as the cost of buying extra APs, there was also the possibility of channel interference. The NWA1121-NI’s MBSSID (Multiple Basic Service Set IDentifier) function allows you to use one access point to provide several BSSs simultaneously. You can then assign varying levels of privilege to different SSIDs.
Wireless stations can use different BSSIDs to associate with the same AP.
The following are some notes on multiple BSS.
• A maximum of four BSSs are allowed on one AP simultaneously.
• You must use different WEP keys for different BSSs. If two stations have different BSSIDs (they are in different BSSs), but have the same WEP keys, they may hear each other’s communications (but not communicate with each other).
• MBSSID should not replace but rather be used in conjunction with 802.1x security.
Wireless Security
Wireless security is vital to your network. It protects communications between wireless stations, access points and the wired network.
Figure 18 Securing the Wireless Network
In the figure above, the NWA1121-NI checks the identity of devices before giving them access to the network. In this scenario, Computer A is denied access to the network, while Computer B is granted connectivity.
The NWA1121-NI secure communications via data encryption, wireless client authentication and MAC address filtering. It can also hide its identity in the network.
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Chapter 6 Wireless LAN
User Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying whether a wireless device is allowed to use the wireless network. You can make every user log in to the wireless network before they can use it. However, every device in the wireless network has to support IEEE 802.1x to do this.
For wireless networks, you can store the user names and passwords for each user in a RADIUS server. This is a server used in businesses more than in homes. If you do not have a RADIUS server, you cannot set up user names and passwords for your users.
Unauthorized wireless devices can still see the information that is sent in the wireless network, even if they cannot use the wireless network. Furthermore, there are ways for unauthorized wireless users to get a valid user name and password. Then, they can use that user name and password to use the wireless network.
The following table shows the relative effectiveness of wireless security methods:.
Table 9 Wireless Security Levels
SECURITY LEVEL
Least Secure
Most Secure
SECURITY TYPE
Unique SSID (Default) Unique SSID with Hide SSID Enabled MAC Address Filtering WEP Encryption IEEE802.1x EAP with RADIUS Server Authentication Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) WPA2
The available security modes in your NWA1121-NI are as follows:
• None. No data encryption.
• WEP. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption scrambles the data transmitted between the
wireless stations and the access points to keep network communications private.
• 802.1x-Only. This is a standard that extends the features of IEEE 802.11 to support extended
authentication. It provides additional accounting and control features. This option does not support data encryption.
• 802.1x-Static WEP. This provides 802.1x-Only authentication with a static 64bit or 128bit
WEP key and an authentication server.
• WPA. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) is a subset of the IEEE 802.11i standard.
• WPA2. WPA2 (IEEE 802.11i) is a wireless security standard that defines stronger encryption,
authentication and key management than WPA.
• WPA2-MIX. This commands the NWA1121-NI to use either WPA2 or WPA depending on which
security mode the wireless client uses.
• WPA2-PSK. This adds a pre-shared key on top of WPA2 standard.
• WPA2-PSK-MIX. This commands the NWA1121-NI to use either WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK
depending on which security mode the wireless client uses.
Note: To guarantee 802.11n wireless speed, please only use WPA2 or WPA2-PSK security
mode. Other security modes may degrate the wireless speed performance to
802.11g.
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Passphrase
A passphrase functions like a password. In WEP security mode, it is further converted by the NWA1121-NI into a complicated string that is referred to as the “key”. This key is requested from all devices wishing to connect to a wireless network.
PSK
The Pre-Shared Key (PSK) is a password shared by a wireless access point and a client during a previous secure connection. The key can then be used to establish a connection between the two parties.
Encryption
Wireless networks can use encryption to protect the information that is sent in the wireless network. Encryption is like a secret code. If you do not know the secret code, you cannot understand the message. Encryption is the process of converting data into unreadable text. This secures information in network communications. The intended recipient of the data can “unlock” it with a pre-assigned key, making the information readable only to him. The NWA1121-NI when used as a wireless client employs Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) data encryption.
EAP
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) is a protocol used by a wireless client, an access point and an authentication server to negotiate a connection.
The EAP methods employed by the NWA1121-NI when in Wireless Client operating mode are Transport Layer Security (TLS), Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP), Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol (LEAP) and Tunneled Transport Layer Security (TTLS). The authentication protocol may either be Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol Version 2 (MSCHAPv2) or Generic Token Card (GTC).
Further information on these terms can be found in Appendix D on page 179.
RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) is a protocol that can be used to manage user access to large networks. It is based on a client-server model that supports authentication, authorization and accounting. The access point is the client and the server is the RADIUS server.
Figure 19 RADIUS Server Setup
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In the figure above, wireless clients A and B are trying to access the Internet via the NWA1121-NI. The NWA1121-NI in turn queries the RADIUS server if the identity of clients A and U are allowed access to the Internet. In this scenario, only client U’s identity is verified by the RADIUS server and allowed access to the Internet.
The RADIUS server handles the following tasks:
• Authentication which determines the identity of the users.
• Authorization which determines the network services available to authenticated users once they are connected to the network.
• Accounting which keeps track of the client’s network activity.
RADIUS is a simple package exchange in which your AP acts as a message relay between the wireless client and the network RADIUS server.
You should know the IP addresses, ports and share secrets of the external RADIUS server and/or the external RADIUS accounting server you want to use with your NWA1121-NI. You can configure a primary and backup RADIUS and RADIUS accounting server for your NWA1121-NI.

6.4 Wireless Settings Screen

Use this screen to choose the operating mode for your NWA1121-NI. Click Network > Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings. The screen varies depending upon the operating mode you select.
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6.4.1 Root AP Mode
Use this screen to use your NWA1121-NI as an access point. Select Root AP as the Operation Mode. The following screen displays.
Figure 20 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: Root AP
Chapter 6 Wireless LAN
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The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 10 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: Root AP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings Wireless LAN
Interface Operation Mode Select Root AP from the drop-down list. Wireless Mode Select 802.11b/g to allow both IEEE802.11b and IEEE802.11g compliant WLAN devices
Channel Select the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region from the
Channel Width This field displays only when you select 802.11n or 802.11b/g/n in the Wireless Mode
Select SSID Profile
Select the check box to turn on the wireless LAN on the NWA1121-NI.
to associate with the NWA1121-NI. The transmission rate of your NWA1121-NI might be reduced.
Select 802.11b/g/n to allow IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g and IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NWA1121-NI. The transmission rate of the NWA1121­NI might be reduced.
Select 802.11n to allow only IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NWA1121-NI.
drop-down list box.
field.
A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300Mbps. However, not all devices support 40MHz channels.
Select the channel bandwidth you want to use for your wireless network. It is recommended that you select 20/40MHz. This allows the NWA1121-NI to adjust the
channel bandwidth depending on network conditions. Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding. The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is
associated. Wireless stations associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. You can have up to four SSIDs active at the same time.
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Note: If you are configuring the NWA1121-NI from a computer connected to the wireless
LAN and you change the NWA1 121-NI’s SSID or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the NWA1121-NI’s new settings.
# This is the index number of each SSID profile. Activve Select the check box to enable an SSID profile. Otherwise, clear the check box. Profile Select an SSI D Profile from the drop-down list box.
Universal Repeater Settings
The Universal repeater function allows the NWA1121-NI in root AP or repeater mode to set up a wireless connection between it and another NWA1121-NI in root AP or repeater mode.
Note: Universal repeater security is independent of the security settings between the NWA1121-NI and any
wireless clients.
Local MAC Address
Universal Repeater SSID Profile
Local MAC Address is the MAC address of your NWA1121-NI.
Select the SSID profile you want to use for universal repeater connections.
Note: You can only configure None, WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security mode for the SSID
used by a universal repeater connection.
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Table 10 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: Root AP (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Advanced Settings Beacon Interval When a wirelessly network device sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval.
This specifies the time period before the device sends the beacon again. The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long they can wait in lowpower mode before waking up to handle the beacon. A high value helps save current consumption of the access point.
DTIM Interval Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is the time period after which broadcast and
multicast packets are transmitted to mobile clients in the Active Power Management mode. A high DTIM value can cause clients to lose connectivity with the network.
Output Power Set the output power of the NWA1121-NI in this field. If there is a high density of APs in
Preamble Type Select Dynamic to have the AP automatically use short preamble when wireless adapters
RTS/CTS Threshold
Fragmentation The threshold (number of bytes) for the fragmentation boundary for directed messages. It
Extension Channel Protection Mode
A-MPDU Aggregation
Short GI This field is available only when 802.11 b/g/n is selected as the Wireless Mode. Select
MCS Rate The MCS Rate table is available only when 802.11 b/g/n is selected in the Wireless
an area, decrease the output power of the NWA1121-NI to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following Full (Full Power), 50%, 25%, or 12.5%. See the product specifications for more information on your NWA1121-NI’s output power.
support it, otherwise the AP uses long preamble. Select Long if you are unsure what preamble mode the wireless adapters support, and to
provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. (Request To Send) The threshold (number of bytes) for enabling RTS/CTS handshake.
Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS/CTS handshake. Setting this attribute to be larger than the maximum MSDU (MAC service data unit) size turns off the RTS/CTS handshake. Setting this attribute to its smallest value (1) turns on the RTS/CTS handshake.
is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. You can use CTS to self or RTS-CTS protection mechanism to reduce conflicts with other
wireless networks or hidden wireless clients. The throughput of RTS-CTS is much lower than CTS to self. Using this mode may decrease your wireless performance.
This field is available only when 802.11 b/g/n is selected as the Wireless Mode.
Select to enable A-MPDU aggregation.
Message Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) aggregation collects Ethernet frames along with their
802.11n headers and wraps them in a 802.11n MAC header. This method is useful for increasing bandwidth throughput in environments that are prone to high error rates.
Enabled to use Short GI (Guard Interval). The guard interval is the gap introduced between data transmission from users in order to reduce interference. Reducing the GI increases data transfer rates but also increases interference. Increasing the GI reduces data transfer rates but also reduces interference.
Mode field.
IEEE 802.11n supports many different data rates which are called MCS rates. MCS stands for Modulation and Coding Scheme. This is an 802.11n feature that increases the wireless network performance in terms of throughput.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
NWA1121-NI User’s Guide
For each MCS Rate (0-15), select either Enabled to have the NWA1121-NI use the data rate.
Clear the Enabled check box if you do not want the NWA1121-NI to use the data rate. Turn on the Auto option to have the NWA1121-NI set the data rates automatically to
optimize the throughput.
Note: You can set the NWA1121-NI to use up to four MCS rates at a time.
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6.4.2 Repeater Mode
Use this screen to have the NWA1121-NI act as a wireless repeater. You need to know the MAC address of the peer device, which also must be in Repeater or Root AP mode.
Figure 21 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: Repeater
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The following table describes the bridge labels in this screen.
Table 11 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: Repeater
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings Wireless LAN
Interface Operation Mode Select Repeater from the drop-down list.
Select the check box to turn on the wireless LAN on the NWA1121-NI.
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Table 11 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: Repeater (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Wireless Mode Select 802.11b/g to allow both IEEE802.11b and IEEE802.11g compliant WLAN devices
to associate with the NWA1121-NI. The transmission rate of your NWA1121-NI might be reduced.
Select 802.11b/g/n to allow IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g and IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NWA1121-NI. The transmission rate of the NWA1121­NI might be reduced.
Select 802.11n to allow only IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NWA1121-NI.
Channel Select the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region from the
drop-down list box.
Channel Width This field displays only when you select 802.11n or 802.11b/g/n in the Wireless Mode
field.
A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300Mbps. However, not all devices support 40MHz channels.
Select the channel bandwidth you want to use for your wireless network. It is recommended that you select 20/40MHz. This allows the NWA1121-NI to adjust the
channel bandwidth depending on network conditions. Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding.
Universal Repeater Settings
The Universal repeater function allows the NWA1121-NI in root AP or repeater mode to set up a wireless connection between it and another NWA1121-NI in root AP or repeater mode.
Note: Universal repeater security is independent of the security settings between the NWA1121-NI and any
wireless clients.
Local MAC Address
Universal Repeater SSID Profile
Local MAC Address is the MAC address of your NWA1121-NI.
Select the SSID profile you want to use for universal repeater connections with an AP or repeater or regular wireless connections with wireless clients.
Note: You can only configure None, WPA-PSK or WPA2-PSK security mode for the SSID
used by a universal repeater connection.
Root MAC Address
Advanced Settings Beacon Interval When a wirelessly network device sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval.
DTIM Interval Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is the time period after which broadcast and
Output Power Set the output power of the NWA1121-NI in this field. If there is a high density of APs in
Specify the peer device’s MAC address. The peer device can be a NWA1121-NI in either root AP mode or repeater mode.
This specifies the time period before the device sends the beacon again. The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long they can wait in lowpower mode before waking up to handle the beacon. A high value helps save current consumption of the access point.
multicast packets are transmitted to mobile clients in the Active Power Management mode. A high DTIM value can cause clients to lose connectivity with the network.
an area, decrease the output power of the NWA1121-NI to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following Full (Full Power), 50%, 25% or 12.5%. See the product specifications for more information on your NWA1121-NI’s output power.
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Table 11 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: Repeater (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Preamble Type Select Dynamic to have the AP automatically use short preamble when wireless adapters
RTS/CTS Threshold
Fragmentation The threshold (number of bytes) for the fragmentation boundary for directed messages. It
Extension Channel Protection Mode
A-MPDU Aggregation
Short GI This field is available only when 802.11 b/g/n is selected as the Wireless Mode. Select
MCS Rate The MCS Rate table is available only when 802.11 b/g/n is selected in the Wireless
support it, otherwise the AP uses long preamble. Select Long if you are unsure what preamble mode the wireless adapters support, and to
provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks. (Request To Send) The threshold (number of bytes) for enabling RTS/CTS handshake.
Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS/CTS handshake. Setting this attribute to be larger than the maximum MSDU (MAC service data unit) size turns off the RTS/CTS handshake. Setting this attribute to its smallest value (1) turns on the RTS/CTS handshake.
is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent. You can use CTS to self or RTS-CTS protection mechanism to reduce conflicts with other
wireless networks or hidden wireless clients. The throughput of RTS-CTS is much lower than CTS to self. Using this mode may decrease your wireless performance.
This field is available only when 802.11 b/g/n is selected as the Wireless Mode.
Select to enable A-MPDU aggregation.
Message Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) aggregation collects Ethernet frames along with their
802.11n headers and wraps them in a 802.11n MAC header. This method is useful for increasing bandwidth throughput in environments that are prone to high error rates.
Enabled to use Short GI (Guard Interval). The guard interval is the gap introduced between data transmission from users in order to reduce interference. Reducing the GI increases data transfer rates but also increases interference. Increasing the GI reduces data transfer rates but also reduces interference.
Mode field.
IEEE 802.11n supports many different data rates which are called MCS rates. MCS stands for Modulation and Coding Scheme. This is an 802.11n feature that increases the wireless network performance in terms of throughput.
For each MCS Rate (0-15), select either Enabled to have the NWA1121-NI use the data rate.
Clear the Enabled check box if you do not want the NWA1121-NI to use the data rate. Turn on the Auto option to have the NWA1121-NI set the data rates automatically to
optimize the throughput.
Note: You can set the NWA1121-NI to use up to four MCS rates at a time.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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6.4.3 Wireless Client Mode
Use this screen to turn your NWA1121-NI into a wireless client. Select Client as the Operation Mode. The following screen displays.
Figure 22 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: Wireless Client
Chapter 6 Wireless LAN
The following table describes the general wireless LAN labels in this screen.
Table 12 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: Wireless Client
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings Wireless LAN
Interface Operation Mode Select Client in this field. Site Survey Click this to view a list of available wireless access points within the range. Select the AP
Select the check box to turn on the wireless LAN on the NWA1121-NI.
you want to use.
Note: After selecting Client as the Operation Mode in the Basic Settings section, you must
click Apply to be able to select from the AP list.
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Table 12 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: Wireless Client (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
SSID Profile The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is
Channel This shows the operating frequency/channel in use. This field is read-only when you select
Channel Width A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz
associated. Wireless stations associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID.
In this field, select the SSID profile of the AP you want to use. Click Apply.
The SSID used in the selected SSID profile automatically changes to be the one you select in the Site Survey screen.
Set the security configuration for this operating mode in the Wireless LAN > Security screen. Check the Dashboard screen to check if the settings you set show in the WLAN information.
Note: If you are configuring the NWA1121-NI from a computer connected to the wireless LAN
and you change the NWA1121-NI’s SSID or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the NWA1121-NI’s new settings.
Client as your operation mode.
channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300Mbps. However, not all devices support 40MHz channels.
Select the channel bandwidth you want to use for your wireless network. It is recommended that you select 20/40MHz. This allows the NWA1121-NI to adjust the
channel bandwidth depending on network conditions. Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood or the AP do not support channel bonding. Advanced Settings Output Power Set the output power of the NWA1121-NI in this field. If there is a high density of APs in an
area, decrease the output power of the NWA1121-NI to reduce interference with other APs.
Select one of the following Full (Full Power), 50%, 25% or 12.5%. See the product
specifications for more information on your NWA1121-NI’s output power. Preamble Type Select Dynamic to have the NWA1121-NI automatically use short preamble when the
wireless network your NWA1121-NI is connected to supports it, otherwise the NWA1121-NI
uses long preamble.
Select Long preamble if you are unsure what preamble mode the wireless device your
NWA1121-NI is connected to supports, and to provide more reliable communications in
busy wireless networks. RTS/CTS
Threshold
Fragmentation The threshold (number of bytes) for the fragmentation boundary for directed messages. It
Extension channel protection mode
A-MPDU Aggregation
(Request To Send) The threshold (number of bytes) for enabling RTS/CTS handshake. Data
with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS/CTS handshake. Setting this
attribute to be larger than the maximum MSDU (MAC service data unit) size turns off the
RTS/CTS handshake. Setting this attribute to its smallest value (1) turns on the RTS/CTS
handshake.
is the maximum data fragment size that can be sent.
You can use CTS to self or RTS-CTS protection mechanism to reduce conflicts with other
wireless networks or hidden wireless clients. The throughput of RTS-CTS is much lower
than CTS to self. Using this mode may decrease your wireless performance.
Select to enable A-MPDU aggregation.
Message Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) aggregation collects Ethernet frames along with their
802.11n headers and wraps them in a 802.11n MAC header. This method is useful for
increasing bandwidth throughput in environments that are prone to high error rates.
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Table 12 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: Wireless Client (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Short GI Select Enabled to use Short GI (Guard Interval). The guard interval is the gap introduced
Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
6.4.4 MBSSID Mode
Use this screen to have the NWA1121-NI function in MBSSID mode. Select MBSSID as the Operation Mode. The following screen diplays.
Figure 23 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: MBSSID
Chapter 6 Wireless LAN
between data transmission from users in order to reduce interference. Reducing the GI
increases data transfer rates but also increases interference. Increasing the GI reduces data
transfer rates but also reduces interference.
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 13 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: MBSSID
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Basic Settings Wireless LAN
Interface Operation Mode Select MBSSID from the drop-down list. Wireless Mode Select 802.11b/g to allow both IEEE802.11b and IEEE802.11g compliant WLAN devices
Channel Select the operating frequency/channel depending on your particular region from the
Channel Width This field displays only when you select 802.11n or 802.11b/g/n in the Wireless Mode
Select SSID Profile
Select the check box to turn on the wireless LAN on the NWA1121-NI.
to associate with the NWA1121-NI. The transmission rate of your NWA1121-NI might be reduced.
Select 802.11b/g/n to allow IEEE802.11b, IEEE802.11g and IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NWA1121-NI. The transmission rate of the NWA1121­NI might be reduced.
Select 802.11n to allow only IEEE802.11n compliant WLAN devices to associate with the NWA1121-NI.
drop-down list box.
field.
A standard 20MHz channel offers transfer speeds of up to 150Mbps whereas a 40MHz channel uses two standard channels and offers speeds of up to 300Mbps. However, not all devices support 40MHz channels.
Select the channel bandwidth you want to use for your wireless network. Select 20MHz if you want to lessen radio interference with other wireless devices in your
neighborhood or the wireless clients do not support channel bonding. The SSID (Service Set IDentifier) identifies the Service Set with which a wireless station is
associated. Wireless stations associating to the access point (AP) must have the same SSID. You can have up to eight SSIDs active at the same time.
Note: If you are configuring the NWA1121-NI from a computer connected to the wireless
LAN and you change the NWA1 121-NI’s SSID or security settings, you will lose your wireless connection when you press Apply to confirm. You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the NWA1121-NI’s new settings.
# This is the index number of each SSID profile. Activve Select the check box to enable an SSID profile. Otherwise, clear the check box. Profile Select an SSI D Profile from the drop-down list box.
Advanced Settings Beacon Interval When a wirelessly network device sends a beacon, it includes with it a beacon interval.
This specifies the time period before the device sends the beacon again. The interval tells receiving devices on the network how long they can wait in lowpower mode before waking up to handle the beacon. A high value helps save current consumption of the access point.
DTIM Interval Delivery Traffic Indication Message (DTIM) is the time period after which broadcast and
multicast packets are transmitted to mobile clients in the Active Power Management mode. A high DTIM value can cause clients to lose connectivity with the network.
Output Power Set the output power of the NWA1121-NI in this field. If there is a high density of APs in
an area, decrease the output power of the NWA1121-NI to reduce interference with other APs. Select one of the following Full (Full Power), 50%, 25% or 12.5%. See the product specifications for more information on your NWA1121-NI’s output power.
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Table 13 Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings: MBSSID (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Preamble Type Select Dynamic to have the AP automatically use short preamble when wireless adapters
support it, otherwise the AP uses long preamble. Select Long if you are unsure what preamble mode the wireless adapters support, and to
provide more reliable communications in busy wireless networks.
RTS/CTS Threshold
Extension Channel Protection Mode
A-MPDU Aggregation
Short GI This field is available only when 802.11 b/g/n is selected as the Wireless Mode. Select
MCS Rate The MCS Rate table is available only when 802.11 b/g/n is selected in the Wireless
(Request To Send) The threshold (number of bytes) for enabling RTS/CTS handshake. Data with its frame size larger than this value will perform the RTS/CTS handshake. Setting this attribute to be larger than the maximum MSDU (MAC service data unit) size turns off the RTS/CTS handshake. Setting this attribute to its smallest value (1) turns on the RTS/CTS handshake.
You can use CTS to self or RTS-CTS protection mechanism to reduce conflicts with other wireless networks or hidden wireless clients. The throughput of RTS-CTS is much lower than CTS to self. Using this mode may decrease your wireless performance.
This field is available only when 802.11 b/g/n is selected as the Wireless Mode.
Select to enable A-MPDU aggregation.
Message Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) aggregation collects Ethernet frames along with their
802.11n headers and wraps them in a 802.11n MAC header. This method is useful for increasing bandwidth throughput in environments that are prone to high error rates.
Enabled to use Short GI (Guard Interval). The guard interval is the gap introduced between data transmission from users in order to reduce interference. Reducing the GI increases data transfer rates but also increases interference. Increasing the GI reduces data transfer rates but also reduces interference.
Mode field.
IEEE 802.11n supports many different data rates which are called MCS rates. MCS stands for Modulation and Coding Scheme. This is an 802.11n feature that increases the wireless network performance in terms of throughput.
For each MCS Rate (0-15), select either Enabled to have the NWA1121-NI use the data rate.
Clear the Enabled check box if you do not want the NWA1121-NI to use the data rate. Turn on the Auto option to have the NWA1121-NI set the data rates automatically to
optimize the throughput.
Note: You can set the NWA1121-NI to use up to four MCS rates at a time.
Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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6.5 SSID Screen

Use this screen to view and modify the settings of the SSID profiles on the NWA1121-NI. Click Wireless LAN > SSID to display the screen as shown.
Figure 24 Wireless LAN > SSID
The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 14 Wireless LAN > SSID
LABEL DESCRIPTION Profile Settings # This field displays the index number of each SSID profile. Profile Name This field displays the identification name of each SSID profile on the NWA1121-NI. SSID This field displays the SSID (Service Set IDentifier), that is, the name of the wireless
network to which a wireless client can connect. When a wireless client scans for an AP to associate with, this is the name that is broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility.
Security This field indicates which security profile is currently associated with each SSID
profile. See Section 6.6 on page 74 for more information.
RADIUS This field displays which RADIUS profile is currently associated with each SSID
QoS This field displays the Quality of Service setting for this profile or NONE if QoS is not
MAC Filter This field displays which MAC filter profile is currently associated with each SSID
Modify Click Edit to go to the SSID configuration screen where you can modify settings in an
profile, if you have a RADIUS server configured.
configured on a profile.
profile, or Disable if MAC filtering is not configured on an SSID profile.
SSID profile.
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6.5.1 Configuring SSID
Use this screen to configure an SSID profile. In the Wireless LAN > SSID screen, click Edit next to the SSID profile you want to configure to display the following screen.
Figure 25 SSID: Edit
Chapter 6 Wireless LAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen. Table 15 SSID: Edit
LABEL DESCRIPTION Profile Name This is the name that identifying this profile. SSID When a wireless client scans for an AP to associate with, this is the name that is
Security Select a security profile to use with this SSID profile. See Section 6.6 on page 74 for
RADIUS Select a RADIUS profile from the drop-down list box, if you have a RADIUS server
MAC Filtering
QoS Select the Quality of Service priority for this BSS’s traffic.
broadcast and seen in the wireless client utility.
more information. If you do not want this profile to use wireless security, select Disabled.
configured. If you do not need to use RADIUS authentication, ignore this field. See
Section 6.7 on page 87 for more information.
Select a MAC filter profile from the drop-down list box. If you do not want to use MAC filtering on this profile, select Disabled.
• If you select WMM from the QoS list, the priority of a data packet depends on the
packet’s IEEE 802.1q or DSCP header. If a packet has no WMM value assigned to it, it is assigned the default priority.
•If you select WMM_VOICE, WMM_VIDEO, WMM_BESTEFFORT or WMM_BACKGROUND, the NWA1121-NI applies that QoS setting to all of that SSID’s traffic.
•If you select None, the NWA1121-NI applies no priority to traffic on this SSID.
Note: When you configure an SSID profile’s QoS settings, the NWA1121-NI applies the
same QoS setting to all of the profile’s traffic.
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Table 15 SSID: Edit (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION BSSID VLAN ID Enter a VLAN ID for the SSID profile.
Number of Wireless Stations Allowed to Associate
Hidden SSID If you do not select the checkbox, the NWA1121-NI broadcasts this SSID (a wireless
Intra-BSS Traffic Blocking
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Packets coming from the WLAN using this SSID profile are tagged with the VLAN ID number by the NWA1121-NI.
Use this field to set a maximum number of wireless stations that may connect to the device.
client scanning for an AP will find this SSID). Alternatively, if you select the checkbox, the NWA1121-NI hides this SSID (a wireless client scanning for an AP will not find this SSID).
Select the check box to prevent wireless clients in this profile’s BSS from communicating with one another.

6.6 Wireless Security Screen

Use this screen to choose the security mode for your NWA1121-NI.
Click Wireless LAN > Security. Select the profile that you want to configure and click Edit.
Figure 26 Wireless > Security
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The Security Settings screen varies depending upon the security mode you select.
Figure 27 Security: None
Note that some screens display differently depending on the operating mode selected in the Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings screen.
Note: You must enable the same wireless security settings on the NWA1121-NI and on all
wireless clients that you want to associate with it.
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6.6.1 Security: WEP
Use this screen to use WEP as the security mode for your NWA1121-NI. Select WEP in the Security Mode field to display the following screen.
Figure 28 Security: WEP
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Table 16 Security: WEP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Profile Name This is the name that identifying this profile. Security Mode Choose WEP in this field. Authentication
Type Data Encryption Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption. Passphrase Enter the passphrase or string of text used for automatic WEP key generation on wireless
Generate Click this to get the keys from the Passphrase you entered.
Select Open or Shared from the drop-down list box.
client adapters.
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Table 16 Security: WEP (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Key 1 to
Key 4
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NWA1121-NI and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").
You can configure up to four keys, but only one key can be activated at any one time.
6.6.2 Security: 802.1x Only
This screen varies depending on the operating mode you select in the Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings screen.
6.6.2.1 Access Point
Chapter 6 Wireless LAN
Use this screen to use 802.1x-Only security mode for your NWA1121-NI that is in root AP, MBSSID or repeater operating mode. Select 802.1x-Only in the Security Mode field to display the following screen.
Figure 29 Security: 802.1x Only for Access Point
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 17 Security: 802.1x Only for Access Point
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Settings Profile Name This is the name that identifying this profile. Security Mode Choose 802.1x-Only in this field. Rekey Options
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Table 17 Security: 802.1x Only for Access Point (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Reauthentication Time
Enable Group-Key Update
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
6.6.2.2 Wireless Client
Use this screen to use 802.1x-Only security mode for your NWA1121-NI that is in wireless client operating mode. Select 802.1x-Only in the Security Mode field to display the following screen.
Specify how often wireless stations have to resend user names and passwords in order to stay connected.
Enter a time interval between 100 and 3600 seconds. Alternatively, enter “0” to turn reauthentication off.
Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the
reauthentication timer on the RADIUS server has priority.
Select this option to have the NWA1121-NI automatically disconnect a wireless station from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the user name and password again before access to the wired network is allowed.
Enter a time interval between 100 and 3600 seconds.
Figure 30 Security: 802.1x Only for Wireless Client
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
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Table 18 Security: 802.1x Only for Wireless Client
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Settings Profile Name This is the name that identifying this profile.
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Table 18 Security: 802.1x Only for Wireless Client (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Mode Choose the same security mode used by the AP. IEEE802.1x Authentication Eap Type The options on the left refer to EAP methods. You can choose either TLS, LEAP, PEAP or
TTLS. If you select TTLS or PEAP, the options on the right refer to authentication protocols.
You can choose between PAP, CHAP, MSCHAP, MSCHAPv2 and/or GTC.
User Information Username
Login Name Password Supply the password of the account created in the RADIUS server. Certificate User Certificate If you select TLS, enter the name of the certificate used to to verify the identity of
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Supply the user name of the account created in the RADIUS server.
clients.
6.6.3 Security: 802.1x Static WEP
This screen varies depending on the operating mode you select in the Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings screen.
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6.6.3.1 Access Point
Use this screen to use 802.1x static WEP security mode for your NWA1121-NI that is in root AP, MBSSID or repeater operating mode. Select 802.1X-Static WEP in the Security Mode field to display the following screen.
Figure 31 Security: 802.1X-Static WEP for Access Point
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 19 Security: 802.1X-Static WEP for Access Point
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Settings Profile Name This is the name that identifying this profile. Security Mode Choose 802.1X-Static WEP in this field. Data Encryption Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption. Passphrase Enter the passphrase or string of text used for automatic WEP key generation on wireless
client adapters.
Generate
Click this to get the keys from the Passphrase you entered.
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Table 19 Security: 802.1X-Static WEP for Access Point (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Key 1 to
Key 4
Rekey Options Reauthentication
Time
The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NWA1121-NI and the wireless stations must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").
You can configure up to four keys, but only one key can be activated at any one time.
Specify how often wireless stations have to resend user names and passwords in order to stay connected.
Enter a time interval between 100 and 3600 seconds. Alternatively, enter “0” to turn reauthentication off.
Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication
timer on the RADIUS server has priority.
Enable Group-Key Update
Select this option to have the NWA1121-NI automatically disconnect a wireless station from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the user name and password again before access to the wired network is allowed.
Chapter 6 Wireless LAN
Enter a time interval between 100 and 3600 seconds.
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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6.6.3.2 Wireless Client
Use this screen to use 802.1x-Only security mode for your NWA1121-NI that is in wireless client operating mode. Select 802.1X-Static WEP in the Security Mode field to display the following screen.
Figure 32 Security: 802.1X-Static WEP for Wireless Client
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 20 Security: 802.1X-Static WEP for Wireless Client
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Settings Profile Name This is the name that identifying this profile. Security Mode Choose the same security mode used by the AP.
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Table 20 Security: 802.1X-Static WEP for Wireless Client (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Data Encryption Select 64-bit WEP or 128-bit WEP to enable data encryption. Passphrase Generate Click this to get the keys from the Passphrase you entered. Key 1 to
Key 4
IEEE802.1x Authentication Eap Type The options on the left refer to EAP methods. You can choose either TLS, LEAP, PEAP
User Information Username
Enter the passphrase or string of text used for automatic WEP key generation.
The WEP keys are used to encrypt data. Both the NWA1121-NI and the AP must use the same WEP key for data transmission.
If you chose 64-bit WEP, then enter any 5 ASCII characters or 10 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").
If you chose 128-bit WEP, then enter 13 ASCII characters or 26 hexadecimal characters ("0-9", "A-F").
You can configure up to four keys, but only one key can be activated at any one time.
or TTLS. If you select TTLS or PEAP, the options on the right refer to authentication protocols.
You can choose between PAP, CHAP, MSCHAP, MSCHAPv2 and/or GTC.
Supply the user name of the account created in the RADIUS server.
Login Name Password Supply the password of the account created in the RADIUS server. Certificate User Certificate If you select TLS, enter the name of the certificate used to to verify the identity of
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
clients.
6.6.4 Security: WPA, WPA2, WPA2-MIX
This screen varies depending on the operating mode you select in the Wireless LAN > Wireless Settings screen.
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6.6.4.1 Access Point
Use this screen to employ WPA or WPA2 as the security mode for your NWA1121-NI that is in root AP, MBSSID or repeater operating mode. Select WPA, WPA2 or WPA2-MIX in the Security Mode field to display the following screen.
Figure 33 Security: WPA/WPA2 for Access Point
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 21 Security: WPA/WPA2 for Access Point
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Settings Profile Name This is the name that identifying this profile. Security Mode Choose WPA, WPA2 or WPA-MIX in this field. Rekey Options Reauthentication
Time
Specify how often wireless stations have to resend user names and passwords in order to stay connected.
Enter a time interval between 100 and 3600 seconds. Alternatively, enter “0” to turn reauthentication off.
Note: If wireless station authentication is done using a RADIUS server, the reauthentication
timer on the RADIUS server has priority.
Enable Group-Key Update
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Select this option to have the NWA1121-NI automatically disconnect a wireless station from the wired network after a period of inactivity. The wireless station needs to enter the user name and password again before access to the wired network is allowed.
Enter a time interval between 100 and 3600 seconds.
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6.6.4.2 Wireless Client
Use this screen to employ WPA or WPA2 as the security mode for your NWA1121-NI that is in wireless client operating mode. Select WPA or WPA2 in the Security Mode field to display the following screen.
Figure 34 Security: WPA for Wireless Client
Chapter 6 Wireless LAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 22 Security: WPA/WPA2 for Wireless Client
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Security Settings Profile Name This is the name that identifying this profile. Security Mode Choose the same security mode used by the AP. Data Encryption This shows the encryption method used by the NWA1121-NI. IEEE802.1x Authentication Eap Type The options on the left refer to EAP methods. You can choose either TLS, LEAP, PEAP or
User Information Username
Login Name Password Supply the password of the account created in the RADIUS server. Certificate User Certificate If you select TLS, enter the name of the certificate used to to verify the identity of clients.
TTLS. If you select TTLS or PEAP, the options on the right refer to authentication protocols. You
can choose between PAP, CHAP, MSCHAP, MSCHAPv2 and/or GTC.
Supply the user name of the account created in the RADIUS server.
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Table 22 Security: WPA/WPA2 for Wireless Client (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
6.6.5 Security: WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA2-PSK-MIX
Use this screen to employ WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or WPA2-PSK-MIX as the security mode of your NWA1121-NI. Select WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or WPA2-PSK-MIX in the Security Mode field to display the following screen.
Figure 35 Security: WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or WPA2-PSK-MIX
The following table describes the labels not previously discussed
Table 23 Security: WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or WPA2-PSK-MIX
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Profile Name This is the name that identifying this profile. Security Mode Choose WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK or WPA2-PSK-MIX in this field. Pre-Shared Key The encryption mechanisms used for WPA and WPA-PSK are the same. The only
difference between the two is that WPA-PSK uses a simple common password, instead of user-specific credentials.
Type a pre-shared key from 8 to 63 case-sensitive ASCII characters (including spaces and symbols).
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
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6.7 RADIUS Screen

Use this screen to set up your NWA1121-NI’s RADIUS server settings. Click Wireless LAN > RADIUS. The screen appears as shown.
Figure 36 Wireless LAN > RADIUS
Select a profile you want to configure and click Edit.
Figure 37 Wireless LAN > RADIUS
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 24 Wireless LAN > RADIUS
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Profile Name This is the name that identifying this RADIUS profile. Primary RADIUS
Server
Primary Server IP Address
Primary Server Port
Primary Share Secret
Backup RADIUS Server
Backup Server IP Address
Backup Server Port
Backup Share Secret
Primary Accounting Server
Primary Server IP Address
Primary Server Port
Primary Share Secret
Backup Accounting Server
Backup Server IP Address
Backup Server Port
Backup Share Secret
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen.
Select the check box to enable user authentication through an external authentication server.
Enter the IP address of the RADIUS server to be used for authentication.
Enter the port number of the RADIUS server to be used for authentication.
Enter a password (up to 64 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external authentication server and the NWA1121-NI. The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your NWA1121-NI. The key is not sent over the network.
If the NWA1121-NI cannot communicate with the primary RADIUS server, you can have the NWA1121-NI use a backup RADIUS server. Make sure the check boxe is selected if you want to use the backup server.
The NWA1121-NI will attempt to communicate three times before using the backup server. Requests can be issued from the client interface to use the backup server. The length of time for each authentication is decided by the wireless client or based on the configuration of the Reauthentication Time field in the Wireless LAN > Security screen.
Enter the IP address of the RADIUS server to be used for authentication.
Enter the port number of the RADIUS server to be used for authentication.
Enter a password (up to 64 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external authentication server and the NWA1121-NI. The key must be the same on the external authentication server and your NWA1121-NI. The key is not sent over the network.
Select the check box to enable user accounting through an external authentication server.
Enter the IP address of the external accounting server in dotted decimal notation.
Enter the port number of the external accounting server.
Enter a password (up to 64 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external accounting server and the NWA1121-NI. The key must be the same on the external accounting server and your NWA1121-NI. The key is not sent over the network.
If the NWA1121-NI cannot communicate with the primary accounting server, you can have the NWA1121-NI use a backup accounting server. Make sure the check boxe is selected if you want to use the backup server.
The NWA1121-NI will attempt to communicate three times before using the backup server.
Enter the IP address of the external accounting server in dotted decimal notation.
Enter the port number of the external accounting server.
Enter a password (up to 64 alphanumeric characters) as the key to be shared between the external accounting server and the NWA1121-NI. The key must be the same on the external accounting and your NWA1121-NI. The key is not sent over the network.
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Table 24 Wireless LAN > RADIUS (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.

6.8 MAC Filter Screen

Every Ethernet device has a unique MAC (Media Access Control) address. The MAC address is assigned at the factory and consists of six pairs of hexadecimal characters, for example, 00:A0:C5:00:00:02. You need to know the MAC address of each device to configure MAC filtering on the NWA1121-NI.
The MAC filter function allows you to configure the NWA1121-NI to grant access to the NWA1121­NI from other wireless devices (Allow Association) or exclude devices from accessing the NWA1121­NI (Deny Association).
Figure 38 MAC Filtering
Chapter 6 Wireless LAN
In the figure above, wireless client U is able to connect to the Internet because its MAC address is in the allowed association list specified in the NWA1121-NI. The MAC address of client A is either denied association or is not in the list of allowed wireless clients specified in the NWA1121-NI.
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Use this screen to enable MAC address filtering in your NWA1121-NI. You can specify MAC addresses to either allow or deny association with your NWA1121-NI. Click Wireless LAN > MAC Filter. The screen displays as shown.
Figure 39 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
Select a profile you want to configure and click Edit.
Figure 40 MAC Filter: Edit
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The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 25 Wireless LAN > MAC Filter
LABEL DESCRIPTION
Profile Name This is the name that identifying this profile. Access Control Mode Select Disabled if you do not want to use this feature.
Select Allow to permit access to the NWA1121-NI. MAC addresses not listed will be denied access to the NWA1121-NI.
Select Deny to block access to theNWA1121-NI. MAC addresses not listed will be
allowed to access the NWA1121-NI. # This is the index number of the MAC address listed. MAC Address Enter the MAC addresses (in XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX format) of the wireless station to be
Back Click Back to return to the previous screen. Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
allowed or denied access to the NWA1121-NI.

6.9 Technical Reference

This section provides technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter. Refer to Appendix D on page 179 for further readings on Wireless LAN.
6.9.1 Additional Wireless Terms
Table 26 Additional Wireless Terms
TERM DESCRIPTION
Intra-BSS Traffic This describes direct communication (not through the NWA1121-NI) between two
wireless devices within a wireless network. You might disable this kind of communication to enhance security within your wireless network.
RTS/CTS Threshold In a wireless network which covers a large area, wireless devices are sometimes not
aware of each other’s presence. This may cause them to send information to the AP at the same time and result in information colliding and not getting through.
By setting this value lower than the default value, the wireless devices must sometimes get permission to send information to the NWA1121-NI. The lower the value, the more often the devices must get permission.
If this value is greater than the fragmentation threshold value (see below), then wireless devices never have to get permission to send information to the NWA1121­NI.
Preamble A preamble affects the timing in your wireless network. There are two preamble
modes: long and short. If a device uses a different preamble mode than the NWA1121-NI does, it cannot communicate with the NWA1121-NI.
Fragmentation Threshold
A small fragmentation threshold is recommended for busy networks, while a larger threshold provides faster performance if the network is not very busy.
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TERM DESCRIPTION
Roaming If you have two or more NWA1121-NIs (or other wireless access points) on your
Antenna An antenna couples Radio Frequency (RF) signals onto air. A transmitter within a
6.9.2 WMM QoS
WMM (Wi-Fi MultiMedia) QoS (Quality of Service) ensures quality of service in wireless networks. It controls WLAN transmission priority on packets to be transmitted over the wireless network.
WMM QoS prioritizes wireless traffic according to the delivery requirements of the individual and applications. WMM QoS is a part of the IEEE 802.11e QoS enhancement to certified Wi-Fi wireless networks.
wireless network, you can enable this option so that wireless devices can change locations without having to log in again. This is useful for devices, such as notebooks, that move around a lot.
wireless device sends an RF signal to the antenna, which propagates the signal through the air. The antenna also operates in reverse by capturing RF signals from the air.
Positioning the antennas properly increases the range and coverage area of a wireless LAN.
On APs without WMM QoS, all traffic streams are given the same access priority to the wireless network. If the introduction of another traffic stream creates a data transmission demand that exceeds the current network capacity, then the new traffic stream reduces the throughput of the other traffic streams.
The NWA1121-NI uses WMM QoS to prioritize traffic streams according to the IEEE 802.1q or DSCP information in each packet’s header. The NWA1121-NI automatically determines the priority to use for an individual traffic stream. This prevents reductions in data transmission for applications that are sensitive to latency and jitter (variations in delay).
6.9.2.1 WMM QoS Priorities
The following table describes the WMM QoS priority levels that the NWA1121-NI uses. Table 27 WMM QoS Priorities
Priority Level description voice
(WMM_VOICE) video
(WMM_VIDEO) best effort
(WMM_BESTEFFORT)
background
(WMM_BACKGROUND)
Typically used for traffic that is especially sensitive to jitter. Use this priority to reduce latency for improved voice quality.
Typically used for traffic which has some tolerance for jitter but needs to be prioritized over other data traffic.
Typically used for traffic from applications or devices that lack QoS capabilities. Use best effort priority for traffic that is less sensitive to latency, but is affected by long delays, such as Internet surfing.
This is typically used for non-critical traffic such as bulk transfers and print jobs that are allowed but that should not affect other applications and users. Use background priority for applications that do not have strict latency and throughput requirements.
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6.9.3 Security Mode Guideline
The following is a general guideline in choosing the security mode for your NWA1121-NI.
• Use WPA(2)-PSK if you have WPA(2)-aware wireless clients but no RADIUS server.
• Use WPA(2) security if you have WPA(2)-aware wireless clients and a RADIUS server. WPA has user authentication and improved data encryption over WEP.
• Use WPA(2)-PSK if you have WPA(2)-aware wireless clients but no RADIUS server.
• If you don’t have WPA(2)-aware wireless clients, then use WEP key encrypting. A higher bit key offers better security. You can manually enter 64-bit or 128-bit WEP keys.
More information on Wireless Security can be found in Appendix D on page 179.
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7.1 Overview

This chapter describes how you can configure the IP address of your NWA1121-NI.
The Internet Protocol (IP) address identifies a device on a network. Every networking device (including computers, servers, routers, printers, etc.) needs an IP address to communicate across the network. These networking devices are also known as hosts.
Figure 41 IPv4 Setup
CHAPTER 7
LAN
The figure above illustrates one possible setup of your NWA1121-NI. The gateway IPv4 address is
192.168.1.1 and the IPv4 address of the NWA1121-NI is 192.168.1.2 (default). The gateway and
the device must belong in the same subnet mask to be able to communicate with each other.

7.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter

Use the LAN IP screen to configure the IP address of your NWA1121-NI (see Section 7.4 on page
96).

7.3 What You Need to Know

The Ethernet parameters of the NWA1121-NI are preset in the factory with the following values:
1 IP address of 192.168.1.2
2 Subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (24 bits)
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IPv6
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IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6), is designed to enhance IP address size and features. The increase in IPv6 address size to 128 bits (from the 32-bit IPv4 address) allows up to 3.4 x 10 addresses.
38
IP
IPv6 Addressing
The 128-bit IPv6 address is written as eight 16-bit hexadecimal blocks separated by colons (:). This is an example IPv6 address 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000.
IPv6 addresses can be abbreviated in two ways:
• Leading zeros in a block can be omitted. So 2001:0db8:1a2b:0015:0000:0000:1a2f:0000 can be written as 2001:db8:1a2b:15:0:0:1a2f:0.
• Any number of consecutive blocks of zeros can be replaced by a double colon. A double colon can only appear once in an IPv6 address. So 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f:0000:0000:0015 can be written as 2001:0db8::1a2f:0000:0000:0015, 2001:0db8:0000:0000:1a2f::0015, 2001:db8::1a2f:0:0:15 or 2001:db8:0:0:1a2f::15.
Prefix and Prefix Length
Similar to an IPv4 subnet mask, IPv6 uses an address prefix to represent the network address. An IPv6 prefix length specifies how many most significant bits (start from the left) in the address compose the network address. The prefix length is written as “/x” where x is a number. For example,
2001:db8:1a2b:15::1a2f:0/32
means that the first 32 bits (2001:db8) is the subnet prefix.
Link-local Address
A link-local address uniquely identifies a device on the local network (the LAN). It is similar to a “private IP address” in IPv4. You can have the same link-local address on multiple interfaces on a device. A link-local unicast address has a predefined prefix of fe80::/10. The link-local unicast address format is as follows.
Table 28 Link-local Unicast Address Format
1111 1110 10 0 Interface ID 10 bits 54 bits 64 bits
Global Address
A global address uniquely identifies a device on the Internet. It is similar to a “public IP address” in IPv4. A global unicast address starts with a 2 or 3.
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7.4 LAN IP Screen

Use this screen to configure the IP address for your NWA1121-NI. Click Network > LAN to display the following screen.
Figure 42 LAN IP
The following table describes the labels in this screen.
Table 29 LAN IP
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv4 Address Assignment
Obtain IP Address Automatically
Select this option if your NWA1121-NI is using a dynamically assigned IPv4 address from a DHCP server each time.
Note: You must know the IP address assigned to the NWA1121-NI (by the DHCP
server) to access the NWA1 121-NI again.
Use Fixed IP Address Select this option if your NWA1121-NI is using a static IPv4 address. When you
IP Address Enter the IP address of your NWA1121-NI in dotted decimal notation.
select this option, fill in the fields below.
Note: If you change the NWA1121-NI's IP address, you must use the new IP address if
you want to access the web configurator again.
Subnet Mask Type the subnet mask. Gateway IP
Address
Type the IPv4 address of the gateway. The gateway is an immediate neighbor of your NWA1121-NI that will forward the packet to the destination. On the LAN, the gateway must be a router on the same segment as your NWA1121-NI; over the WAN, the gateway must be the IP address of one of the remote nodes.
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Table 29 LAN IP (continued)
LABEL DESCRIPTION
IPv6 Address Assignment
Enable Stateful Address Auto­configuration
IPv6 Address/Prefix Length
System DNS Servers Primary DNS Server Enter the IPv4 address of the first DNS (Domain Name Service) server, if provided. Secondary DNS Server Enter the IPv4 address of the second DNS (Domain Name Service) server address, if
Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
Select this to turn on IPv6 stateful autoconfiguration to have the NWA1121-NI obtain an IPv6 global address from a DHCPv6 server in your network.
Enter your IPv6 address and prefix manually.
provided.
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8.1 Overview

A
B
This chapter discusses how to configure the NWA1121-NI’s VLAN settings.
Figure 43 Management VLAN Setup
CHAPTER 8

VLAN

In the figure above, to access and manage the NWA1121-NI from computer A, the NWA1121-NI and switch B’s ports to which computer A and the NWA1121-NI are connected should be in the same VLAN.
8.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter
The VLAN screens let you set up the NWA1121-NI’s mangement VLAN (Section 8.3 on page 99).

8.2 What You Need to Know

Introduction to VLANs
A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks. Devices on a logical network belong to one group. A device can belong to more than one group. With VLAN, a device cannot directly talk to or hear from devices that are not in the same group(s); the traffic must first go through a router.
In Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) applications, VLAN is vital in providing isolation and security among the subscribers. When properly configured, VLAN prevents one subscriber from accessing the network resources of another on the same LAN, thus a user will not see the printers and hard disks of another user in the same building.
NWA1121-NI User’s Guide 98
Page 99
VLAN also increases network performance by limiting broadcasts to a smaller and more manageable logical broadcast domain. In traditional switched environments, all broadcast packets go to each and every individual port. With VLAN, all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain.
IEEE 802.1Q Tag
The IEEE 802.1Q standard defines an explicit VLAN tag in the MAC header to identify the VLAN membership of a frame across bridges. A VLAN tag includes the 12-bit VLAN ID and 3-bit user priority. The VLAN ID associates a frame with a specific VLAN and provides the information that devices need to process the frame across the network.

8.3 VLAN Screen

Use this screen to set up the VLAN for managing the NWA1121-NI. Click Network > VLAN to display the screen as shown.
Figure 44 Network > VLAN
Chapter 8 VLAN
The following table describes the labels in this screen. Figure 45 Network > VLAN
LABEL DESCRIPTION
802.1Q VLAN Select this to enable VLAN tagging on the NWA1121-NI. Management VLAN Select this to enable VLAN management. Only traffic tagged with the management
Management VLAN ID Enter a number from 1 to 4094 to define the NWA1121-NI’s management VLAN
Apply Click Apply to save your changes. Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh.
NWA1121-NI User’s Guide
VLAN ID can access the NWA1121-NI. At least one device in your network must belong to the VLAN specified below in order to manage the NWA1121-NI.
group.
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Chapter 8 VLAN
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NWA1121-NI User’s Guide
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