LP2982
Micropower 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator
LP2982 Micropower 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator
March 2000
General Description
The LP2982 is a 50 mA, fixed-output voltage regulator designed to provide ultra low dropout and lower noise in battery
powered applications.
Using an optimized VIP
cess, the LP2982 delivers unequaled performance in all
specifications critical to battery-powered designs:
Dropout Voltage: Typically120 mV
@
1 mA load.
Ground Pin Current: Typically 375 µA
@
80 µA
Sleep Mode: Less than 1 µA quiescent current when on/off
pin is pulled low.
Smallest Possible Size: SOT-23and micro SMD packages
use absolute minimum board space.
Precision Output: 1.0% tolerance output voltages available
(A grade).
Low Noise: By adding an external bypass capacitor, output
noise can be reduced to 30 µV (typical).
Ten output voltage versions, from 2.5V to 5.0V, are available
as standard products.
1 mA load.
™
(Vertically Integrated PNP) pro-
@
50 mA load, and 7 mV
@
50 mA load, and
Block Diagram
Features
n Ultra low dropout voltage
n Guaranteed 50 mA output current
n Typical dropout voltage 180 mV
n Smallest possible size (SOT-23, micro SMD package)
n Requires minimum external components
<
n
1 µA quiescent current when shutdown
n Low ground pin current at all loads
n Output voltage accuracy 1.0% (A Grade)
n High peak current capability (150 mA typical)
n Wide supply voltage range (16V max)
n Low Z
n Overtemperature/overcurrent protection
n −40˚C to +125˚C junction temperature range
n Custom voltages available
0.3Ω typical (10 Hz to 1 MHz)
OUT
@
80 mA
Applications
n Cellular Phone
n Palmtop/Laptop Computer
n Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
n Camcorder, Personal Stereo, Camera
DS012679-1
VIP™is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
ON/OFF input must be actively terminated. Tie to VINif this function is not to be used.
**
Minimum capacitance is shown to insure stability over full load current range. More capacitance provides superior dynamic performance (see Application
Hints).
***
See Application Hints.
www.national.com2
Ordering Information
LP2982
TABLE 1. Package Marking and Ordering Information
Output Voltage
(V)GradeOrder Information
5-Lead Small Outline Package (M5)
2.5ALP2982AIM5X-2.5L58A3000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.5ALP2982AIM5-2.5L58A1000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.5STDLP2982IM5X-2.5L58B3000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.5STDLP2982IM5-2.5L58B1000Units on Tape and Reel
2.6ALP2982AIM5X-2.6LBYA3000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.6ALP2982AIM5-2.6LBYA1000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.6STDLP2982IM5X-2.6LBYB3000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.6STDLP2982IM5-2.6LBYB1000Units on Tape and Reel
2.8ALP2982AIM5X-2.8L60A3000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.8ALP2982AIM5-2.8L60A1000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.8STDLP2982IM5X-2.8L60B3000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.8STDLP2982IM5-2.8L60B1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0ALP2982AIM5X-3.0L20A3000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0ALP2982AIM5-3.0L20A1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0STDLP2982IM5X-3.0L20B3000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0STDLP2982IM5-3.0L20B1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3ALP2982AIM5X-3.3L19A3000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3ALP2982AIM5-3.3L19A1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3STDLP2982IM5X-3.3L19B3000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.3STDLP2982IM5-3.3L19B1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.6ALP2982AIM5X-3.6L0BA3000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.6ALP2982AIM5-3.6L0BA1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.6STDLP2982IM5X-3.6L0BB3000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.6STDLP2982IM5-3.6L0BB1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.8ALP2982AIM5X-3.8L76A3000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.8ALP2982AIM5-3.8L76A1000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.8STDLP2982IM5X-3.8L76B3000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.8STDLP2982IM5-3.8L76B1000 Units on Tape and Reel
4.0ALP2982AIM5X-4.0L29A3000 Units on Tape and Reel
4.0ALP2982AIM5-4.0L29A1000 Units on Tape and Reel
4.0STDLP2982IM5X-4.0L29B3000 Units on Tape and Reel
4.0STDLP2982IM5-4.0L29B1000 Units on Tape and Reel
4.5ALP2982AIM5X-4.5LA8A3000 Units on Tape and Reel
4.5ALP2982AIM5-4.5LA8A1000 Units on Tape and Reel
4.5STDLP2982IM5X-4.5LA8B3000 Units on Tape and Reel
4.5STDLP2982IM5-4.5LA8B1000 Units on Tape and Reel
4.7ALP2982AIM5X-4.7L0HA3000 Units on Tape and Reel
4.7ALP2982AIM5-4.7L0HA1000 Units on Tape and Reel
4.7STDLP2982IM5X-4.7L0HB3000 Units on Tape and Reel
4.7STDLP2982IM5-4.7L0HB1000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0ALP2982AIM5X-5.0L18A3000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0ALP2982AIM5-5.0L18A1000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0STDLP2982IM5X-5.0L18B3000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.0STDLP2982IM5-5.0L18B1000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.3ALP2982AIM5X-5.3LBZA3000 Units on Tape and Reel
Package
MarkingSupplied as:
www.national.com3
Ordering Information (Continued)
LP2982
Output Voltage
(V)GradeOrder Information
5-Lead Small Outline Package (M5)
5.3ALP2982AIM5-5.3LBZA1000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.3STDLP2982IM5X-5.3LBZB3000 Units on Tape and Reel
5.3STDLP2982IM5-5.3LBZB1000 Units on Tape and Reel
micro SMD, 5 Bump Package (BPA05)
2.8ALP2982AIBP-2.8250 Units on Tape and Reel
2.8ALP2982AIBPX-2.83000 Units on Tape and Reel
2.8STDLP2982IBP-2.8250 Units on Tape and Reel
2.8STDLP2982IBPX-2.83000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0ALP2982AIBP-3.0250 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0ALP2982AIBPX-3.03000 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0STDLP2982IBP-3.0250 Units on Tape and Reel
3.0STDLP2982IBPX-3.03000 Units on Tape and Reel
TABLE 1. Package Marking and Ordering Information (Continued)
Package
MarkingSupplied as:
www.national.com4
LP2982
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Storage Temperature Range−65˚C to +150˚C
Operating Junction Temperature Range−40˚C to +125˚C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 5 sec.)260˚C
Power Dissipation (Note 3)Internally Limited
Input Supply Voltage (Survival)−0.3V to +16V
Input Supply Voltage (Operating)2.1V to +16V
Shutdown Input Voltage (Survival)−0.3V to +16V
Output Voltage (Survival, (Note 4))−0.3V to +9V
(Survival)Short Circuit Protected
I
OUT
Input-Output Voltage (Survival, (Note 5))−0.3V to +16V
ESD Rating (Note 2)2 kV
Electrical Characteristics
Limits in standard typeface are for TJ= 25˚C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless otherwise specified: V
Limits in standard typeface are for TJ= 25˚C, and limits in boldface type apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless otherwise specified: VIN=V
Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device outside of its rated operating conditions.
Note 2: The ESD rating of pins 3 and 4 is 1 kV.
Note 3: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, T
the ambient temperature, T
The value of θJAfor the SOT-23 package is 220˚C/W and the micro SMD package is 320˚C/W. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown.
Note 4: If used in a dual-supply system where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the LP2982 output must be diode-clamped to ground.
Note 5: The output PNP structure contains a diode between the V
will turn on this diode.
Note 6: temperature range are guaranteed through correlation using Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. The limits are used to calculate National’s Average
Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).
Note 7: Dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 100 mV below the value measured with a 1V differential.
Note 8: The ON/OFF inputs must be properly driven to prevent possible misoperation. For details, refer to Application Hints.
Note 9: See Typical Performance Characteristics curves.
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: T
C
OUT
Output Voltage vs
Temperature
Short Circuit CurrentRL= 0 (Steady State)
(Note 9)
. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using:
A
IN
and V
terminals that is normally reverse-biased. Reversing the polarity from VINto V
OUT
= 4.7 µF, CIN= 1 µF, all voltage options, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN.
Output Voltage vs
Temperature
150mA
, the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, θJA, and
J(MAX)
= 25˚C, VIN=V
A
O(NOM)
+1V,
OUT
DS012679-4
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DS012679-5
LP2982
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: T
C
= 4.7 µF, CIN= 1 µF, all voltage options, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN. (Continued)
OUT
Output Voltage vs
Temparature
DS012679-6
Dropout Characteristics
Dropout Characteristics
Dropout Characteristics
= 25˚C, VIN=V
A
DS012679-7
O(NOM)
+ 1V,
Dropout Voltage vs
Temperature
DS012679-8
DS012679-10
DS012679-9
Dropout Voltage vs
Load Current
DS012679-11
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Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: T
C
= 4.7 µF, CIN= 1 µF, all voltage options, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN. (Continued)
OUT
LP2982
= 25˚C, VIN=V
A
O(NOM)
+ 1V,
Ground Pin Current vs
Temperature
Input Current vs V
IN
DS012679-12
Ground Pin Current vs
Load Current
Input Current vs V
IN
DS012679-13
Line Transient Response
DS012679-14
DS012679-16
DS012679-15
Line Transient Response
DS012679-17
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LP2982
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: T
C
= 4.7 µF, CIN= 1 µF, all voltage options, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN. (Continued)
OUT
Load Transient Response
DS012679-18
Load Transient Response
Load Transient Response
Load Transient Response
= 25˚C, VIN=V
A
O(NOM)
DS012679-19
+ 1V,
Short Circuit Current
DS012679-20
DS012679-22
DS012679-21
Instantaneous Short Circuit
Current vs Temperature
DS012679-23
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Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: T
C
= 4.7 µF, CIN= 1 µF, all voltage options, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN. (Continued)
OUT
LP2982
= 25˚C, VIN=V
A
O(NOM)
+ 1V,
Short Circuit Current
Output Impedance vs
Frequency
Instantaneous Short Circuit
Current vs Output Voltage
DS012679-24
DS012679-25
Output Impedance vs
Frequency
DS012679-26
ON/OFF Pin Current vs
V
ON/OFF
DS012679-34
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ON/OFF Threshold
vs Temperature
DS012679-29
DS012679-35
LP2982
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: T
C
= 4.7 µF, CIN= 1 µF, all voltage options, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN. (Continued)
OUT
Input to Output Leakage
vs Temperature
DS012679-30
Output Noise Density
Output Reverse Leakage vs
Temperature
Output Noise Density
= 25˚C, VIN=V
A
O(NOM)
DS012679-31
+ 1V,
Output Noise Density
DS012679-48
DS012679-42
Ripple Rejection
DS012679-49
DS012679-41
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Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified: T
C
= 4.7 µF, CIN= 1 µF, all voltage options, ON/OFF pin tied to VIN. (Continued)
OUT
LP2982
= 25˚C, VIN=V
A
O(NOM)
+ 1V,
Turn-ON Waveform
Turn-ON Waveform
DS012679-50
Turn-ON Waveform
DS012679-51
DS012679-52
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Application Hints
EXTERNAL CAPACITORS
Like any low-dropout regulator, the external capacitors used
with the LP2982 must be carefully selectedto assure regulator loop stability.
INPUT CAPACITOR: An input capacitor whose value is ≥
1 µF is required with the LP2982 (amount of capacitance can
be increased without limit).
This capacitor must be located a distance of not more than
0.5" from the input pin ofthe LP2982 andreturned to aclean
analog ground. Any good quality ceramic or tantalum can be
used for this capacitor.
OUTPUT CAPACITOR: The output capacitor must meet
both the requirement for minimum amount of capacitance
and E.S.R. (equivalent series resistance) value. Curves are
provided which show the allowable ESR range as a function
of load current for various output voltages and capacitor values (refer to
IMPORTANT: The output capacitor must maintain its ESR in
the stable region over the full operating temperature to assure stability. Also, capacitor tolerance and variation with
temperature must be considered to assure the minimum
amount of capacitance is provided at all times.
This capacitor should be located not more than0.5" from the
output pin of the LP2982 and returned to a clean analog
ground.
LOW-CURRENT OPERATION: In applications where the
load current is
to the output capacitor.
Circuitry inside the LP2982 is specially designed to reduce
operating (quiescent) current at light loads down to about
65 µA.
The mode of operation which yields this very low quiescent
current also means that the output capacitor ESR is critical.
For optimum stability and minimum output noise, it is recommended that a 10Ω resistor be placed in series with the output capacitor in any applications where I
Figure 1,Figure 2
<
1 mA, special consideration must be given
).
<
1 mA.
L
LP2982
meet the same ESR requirements over the operating temperature range, which is more difficult because of their large
increase in ESR at cold temperature.
An aluminum electrolytic can exhibit an ESR increase of as
much as 50X when going from 20˚C to −40˚C. Also, some
aluminum electrolytic are not operational below −25˚C because the electrolyte can freeze.
DS012679-43
FIGURE 1.5V/2.2 µF ESR Curves
CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS
TANTALUM: Tantalum capacitors are the best choice for
use with the LP2982. Most good quality tantalum can be
used with the LP2982, but check the manufacturer’s data
sheet to be sure the ESR is in range.
It is important to remember that ESR increases sharply at
lower temperatures (
upper limit for stability at room temperature can cause instability when it gets cold.
In applications which must operate at very low temperatures,
it may be necessary to parallel the output tantalum capacitor
with a ceramic capacitor to prevent the ESR from going up
too high (see next section for important information on ceramic capacitors).
CERAMIC: Ceramic capacitors are not recommended for
use at the output of the LP2982. This is because the ESR of
a ceramic can be low enough to go below the minimum
stable value for the LP2982. A good 2.2 µF ceramic was
measured and found to have an ESR of about 15 mΩ,which
is low enough to cause oscillations.
If a ceramic capacitor is used on the output, a 1Ω resistor
should be placed in series with the capacitor.
ALUMINUM: Because of large physical size, aluminum electrolytic are not typically used with the LP2982. They must
<
10˚C) and a capacitor thatis near the
DS012679-44
FIGURE 2.3V/4.7 µF ESR Curves
BYPASS CAPACITOR
The 0.01 µF capacitor connected to the bypass pin to reduce
noise must have very low leakage.
The current flowing out of the bypass pin comes from the
bandgap reference, which is used to set the output voltage.
This capacitor leakage current causes the output voltage to
decline by an amount proportional tothe current. Typical values are −0.015%/nA
−0.035%/nA
This data is valid up to a maximum leakage current of about
500 nA, beyond which the bandgap is so severely loaded
that it can not function.
Care must be taken to ensurethat the capacitor selected will
not have excessive leakage current over the operating temperature range of the application.
A high quality ceramic capacitor which uses either NPO or
COG type dielectric material will typically have very low leakage. Small surface mount polypropylene or polycarbonate
film capacitors also have extremely low leakage, but are
slightly larger than ceramics.
@
+125˚C.
@
−40˚C, −0.021%/nA@25˚C, and
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Application Hints (Continued)
LP2982
REVERSE CURRENT PATH
The power transistor used in the LP2982 has an inherent diode connected between the regulator input and output (see
below).
DS012679-39
If the output is forced above the input by more than a V
this diode will become forward biased and current will flow
from the V
<
100 mA to prevent damage to the part.
The internal diode can also be turned on by abruptly stepping the input voltage to a value below the output voltage.
To prevent regulator misoperation, a Schottky diode should
be used in any application where input/output voltage conditions can cause the internal diode to be turned on (see below).
As shown, the Schottky diode is connected in parallel with
the internal parasitic diode and prevents it from being turned
on by limiting the voltage drop across it to about 0.3V.
terminal to VIN. This currentmust be limited to
OUT
DS012679-40
ON/OFF INPUT OPERATION
The LP2982 is shut off by pulling the ON/OFF input low, and
turned on by driving the input high. If this feature is not to be
used, the ON/OFF input should be tied to V
to keep the
IN
regulator on at all times (the ON/OFF input must not be left
floating).
To ensure proper operation, the signal source used to drive
the ON/OFF input must be able to swing above and below
the specified turn-on/turn-off voltage thresholds which guarantee an ON or OFF state (see Electrical Characteristics).
The ON/OFF signal may come from either a totem-pole output, or an open-collector output with pull-up resistor to the
LP2982 input voltage or another logic supply. The high-level
,
BE
voltage may exceed the LP2982 input voltage, but must remain within the Absolute Maximum Ratings for the ON/OFF
pin.
It is also important that the turn-on/turn-off voltage signals
applied to the ON/OFF input have a slew rate which is
greater than 40 mV/µs.
Important: the regulator shutdown function will operate incorrectly if a slow-moving signal isapplied to theON/OFF input.
Micro SMD Mounting
The micro SMD package requires specific mounting techniques which are detailed in National Semiconductor Application Note
Technology (SMT) Assembly Considerations
#
1112. Referring to the section
Surface Mount
, it should be
noted that the pad style which must be used with the 5-pin
package is the NSMD (non-solder mask defined) type.
For best results during assembly, alignment ordinals on the
PC board may be used to facilitate placement of the micro
SMD device.
Micro SMD Light Sensitivity
Exposing the micro SMD device to direct sunlight will cause
misoperation of the device. Light sources such as Halogen
lamps can also affect electrical performance if brought near
to the device.
The wavelenghts which have the most detrimental effect are
reds and infra-reds, which means that the fluorescent lighting used inside most buildings has very little effecton performance. A micro SMD test board was brought to within 1 cm
of a fluorescent desk lamp and the effect on the regulated
output voltage was negligible, showing a deviation of less
than 0.1% from nominal.
LP2982 Micropower 50 mA Ultra Low-Dropout Regulator
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY
NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL
COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and
whose failure to perform when properly used in
accordance with instructions for use provided in the
2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
the life support device or system, or to affect its
safety or effectiveness.
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a
significant injury to the user.
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.