November 2000
LM35
Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors
General Description
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in Ê Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±1¤4ÊC at room temperature and ±3¤4ÊC over a full −55 to +150ÊC temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35's low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 µA from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1ÊC in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over a −55Ê to +150ÊC temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a −40Ê to +110ÊC range (−10Ê with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available pack-
aged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package and a plastic TO-220 package.
Features
nCalibrated directly in Ê Celsius (Centigrade)
nLinear + 10.0 mV/ÊC scale factor
n0.5ÊC accuracy guaranteeable (at +25ÊC)
nRated for full −55Ê to +150ÊC range
nSuitable for remote applications
nLow cost due to wafer-level trimming
nOperates from 4 to 30 volts
nLess than 60 µA current drain
nLow self-heating, 0.08ÊC in still air
nNonlinearity only ±1¤4ÊC typical
nLow impedance output, 0.1 Ω for 1 mA load
Typical Applications
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DS005516-4 |
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DS005516-3 |
Choose R1 = −V S/50 µA |
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FIGURE 1. Basic Centigrade Temperature Sensor |
V OUT=+1,500 mV at +150ÊC |
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(+2ÊC to +150ÊC) |
= +250 mV at +25ÊC |
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= −550 mV at −55ÊC |
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FIGURE 2. Full-Range Centigrade Temperature Sensor |
Sensors Temperature Centigrade Precision LM35
© 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation |
DS005516 |
www.national.com |
LM35
Connection Diagrams
TO-46
Metal Can Package*
DS005516-1
*Case is connected to negative pin (GND)
Order Number LM35H, LM35AH, LM35CH, LM35CAH or LM35DH
See NS Package Number H03H
TO-92
Plastic Package
DS005516-2
Order Number LM35CZ,
LM35CAZ or LM35DZ
See NS Package Number Z03A
SO-8
Small Outline Molded Package
DS005516-21
N.C. = No Connection
Top View
Order Number LM35DM
See NS Package Number M08A
TO-220
Plastic Package*
DS005516-24
*Tab is connected to the negative pin (GND).
Note: The LM35DT pinout is different than the discontinued LM35DP.
Order Number LM35DT
See NS Package Number TA03F
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Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 10)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage |
+35V to −0.2V |
Output Voltage |
+6V to −1.0V |
Output Current |
10 mA |
Storage Temp.; |
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TO-46 Package, |
−60ÊC to +180ÊC |
TO-92 Package, |
−60ÊC to +150ÊC |
SO-8 Package, |
−65ÊC to +150ÊC |
TO-220 Package, |
−65ÊC to +150ÊC |
Lead Temp.: |
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TO-46 Package, |
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(Soldering, 10 seconds) |
300ÊC |
TO-92 and TO-220 Package, |
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(Soldering, 10 seconds) |
260ÊC |
SO Package (Note 12) |
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Vapor Phase (60 seconds) |
215ÊC |
Infrared (15 seconds) |
220ÊC |
ESD Susceptibility (Note 11) |
2500V |
Specified Operating Temperature Range: TMIN to T MAX |
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(Note 2) |
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LM35, LM35A |
−55ÊC to +150ÊC |
LM35C, LM35CA |
−40ÊC to +110ÊC |
LM35D |
0ÊC to +100ÊC |
Electrical Characteristics
(Notes 1, 6)
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LM35A |
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LM35CA |
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Parameter |
Conditions |
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Tested |
Design |
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Tested |
Design |
Units |
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Typical |
Limit |
Limit |
Typical |
Limit |
Limit |
(Max.) |
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(Note 4) |
(Note 5) |
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(Note 4) |
(Note 5) |
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Accuracy |
T A=+25ÊC |
±0.2 |
±0.5 |
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±0.2 |
±0.5 |
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ÊC |
(Note 7) |
T A=−10ÊC |
±0.3 |
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±0.3 |
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±1.0 |
ÊC |
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T A=TMAX |
±0.4 |
±1.0 |
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±0.4 |
±1.0 |
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ÊC |
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T A=TMIN |
±0.4 |
±1.0 |
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±0.4 |
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±1.5 |
ÊC |
Nonlinearity |
T MIN≤TA≤TMAX |
± 0.18 |
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± 0.35 |
± 0.15 |
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± 0.3 |
ÊC |
(Note 8) |
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Sensor Gain |
T MIN≤TA≤TMAX |
+10.0 |
+9.9, |
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+10.0 |
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+9.9, |
mV/ÊC |
(Average Slope) |
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+10.1 |
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+10.1 |
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Load Regulation |
T A=+25ÊC |
±0.4 |
±1.0 |
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±0.4 |
±1.0 |
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mV/mA |
(Note 3) 0≤IL≤1 mA |
T MIN≤TA≤TMAX |
± 0.5 |
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± 3.0 |
± 0.5 |
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± 3.0 |
mV/mA |
Line Regulation |
T A=+25ÊC |
±0.01 |
±0.05 |
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±0.01 |
±0.05 |
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mV/V |
(Note 3) |
4V≤V S≤30V |
± 0.02 |
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± 0.1 |
± 0.02 |
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± 0.1 |
mV/V |
Quiescent Current |
V S=+5V, +25ÊC |
56 |
67 |
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56 |
67 |
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µA |
(Note 9) |
V S=+5V |
105 |
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131 |
91 |
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114 |
µA |
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V S=+30V, +25ÊC |
56.2 |
68 |
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56.2 |
68 |
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µA |
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V S=+30V |
105.5 |
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133 |
91.5 |
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116 |
µA |
Change of |
4V≤VS≤30V, +25ÊC |
0.2 |
1.0 |
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0.2 |
1.0 |
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µA |
Quiescent Current |
4V≤V S≤30V |
0.5 |
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2.0 |
0.5 |
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2.0 |
µA |
(Note 3) |
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Temperature |
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+0.39 |
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+0.5 |
+0.39 |
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+0.5 |
µA/ÊC |
Coefficient of |
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Quiescent Current |
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Minimum Temperature |
In circuit of |
+1.5 |
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+2.0 |
+1.5 |
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+2.0 |
ÊC |
for Rated Accuracy |
Figure 1, IL=0 |
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Long Term Stability |
T J=TMAX, for |
±0.08 |
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±0.08 |
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ÊC |
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1000 hours |
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LM35
3 |
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LM35
Electrical Characteristics
(Notes 1, 6)
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LM35 |
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LM35C, LM35D |
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Parameter |
Conditions |
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Tested |
Design |
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Tested |
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Design |
Units |
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Typical |
Limit |
Limit |
Typical |
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Limit |
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Limit |
(Max.) |
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(Note 4) |
(Note 5) |
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(Note 4) |
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(Note 5) |
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Accuracy, |
T A=+25ÊC |
±0.4 |
±1.0 |
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±0.4 |
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±1.0 |
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ÊC |
LM35, LM35C |
T A=−10ÊC |
±0.5 |
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±0.5 |
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±1.5 |
ÊC |
(Note 7) |
T A=TMAX |
±0.8 |
±1.5 |
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±0.8 |
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±1.5 |
ÊC |
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T A=TMIN |
±0.8 |
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±1.5 |
±0.8 |
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±2.0 |
ÊC |
Accuracy, LM35D |
T A=+25ÊC |
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±0.6 |
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±1.5 |
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ÊC |
(Note 7) |
TA=TMAX |
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±0.9 |
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±2.0 |
ÊC |
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TA=TMIN |
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±0.9 |
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±2.0 |
ÊC |
Nonlinearity |
T MIN≤TA≤TMAX |
± 0.3 |
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± 0.5 |
± 0.2 |
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± 0.5 |
ÊC |
(Note 8) |
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Sensor Gain |
T MIN≤TA≤TMAX |
+10.0 |
+9.8, |
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+10.0 |
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+9.8, |
mV/ÊC |
(Average Slope) |
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+10.2 |
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+10.2 |
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Load Regulation |
T A=+25ÊC |
±0.4 |
±2.0 |
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±0.4 |
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±2.0 |
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mV/mA |
(Note 3) 0≤IL≤1 mA |
T MIN≤TA≤TMAX |
± 0.5 |
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± 5.0 |
± 0.5 |
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± 5.0 |
mV/mA |
Line Regulation |
T A=+25ÊC |
±0.01 |
±0.1 |
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±0.01 |
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±0.1 |
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mV/V |
(Note 3) |
4V≤V S≤30V |
± 0.02 |
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± 0.2 |
± 0.02 |
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± 0.2 |
mV/V |
Quiescent Current |
V S=+5V, +25ÊC |
56 |
80 |
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56 |
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80 |
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µA |
(Note 9) |
V S=+5V |
105 |
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158 |
91 |
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138 |
µA |
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V S=+30V, +25ÊC |
56.2 |
82 |
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56.2 |
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82 |
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µA |
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V S=+30V |
105.5 |
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161 |
91.5 |
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141 |
µA |
Change of |
4V≤VS≤30V, +25ÊC |
0.2 |
2.0 |
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0.2 |
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2.0 |
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µA |
Quiescent Current |
4V≤V S≤30V |
0.5 |
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3.0 |
0.5 |
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3.0 |
µA |
(Note 3) |
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Temperature |
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+0.39 |
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+0.7 |
+0.39 |
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+0.7 |
µA/ÊC |
Coefficient of |
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Quiescent Current |
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Minimum Temperature |
In circuit of |
+1.5 |
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+2.0 |
+1.5 |
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+2.0 |
ÊC |
for Rated Accuracy |
Figure 1, IL=0 |
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Long Term Stability |
T J=TMAX, for |
±0.08 |
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±0.08 |
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ÊC |
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1000 hours |
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Note 1: Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply: −55ÊC ≤TJ≤+150ÊC for the LM35 and LM35A; −40Ê ≤TJ≤+110ÊC for the LM35C and LM35CA; and
0Ê≤TJ≤+100ÊC for the LM35D. VS=+5Vdc and ILOAD=50 µA, in the circuit of Figure 2. These specifications also apply from +2ÊC to TMAX in the circuit of Figure 1. Specifications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.
Note 2: Thermal resistance of the TO-46 package is 400ÊC/W, junction to ambient, and 24ÊC/W junction to case. Thermal resistance of the TO-92 package is 180ÊC/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the small outline molded package is 220ÊC/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the TO-220 package is 90ÊC/W junction to ambient. For additional thermal resistance information see table in the Applications section.
Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output due to heating effects can be computed by multiplying the internal dissipation by the thermal resistance.
Note 4: Tested Limits are guaranteed and 100% tested in production.
Note 5: Design Limits are guaranteed (but not 100% production tested) over the indicated temperature and supply voltage ranges. These limits are not used to calculate outgoing quality levels.
Note 6: Specifications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.
Note 7: Accuracy is defined as the error between the output voltage and 10mv/ÊC times the device's case temperature, at specified conditions of voltage, current, and temperature (expressed in ÊC).
Note 8: Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of the output-voltage-versus-temperature curve from the best-fit straight line, over the device's rated temperature range.
Note 9: Quiescent current is defined in the circuit of Figure 1.
Note 10: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device beyond its rated operating conditions. See Note 1.
Note 11: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor.
Note 12: See AN-450 ªSurface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliabilityº or the section titled ªSurface Mountº found in a current National Semiconductor Linear Data Book for other methods of soldering surface mount devices.
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