Lexicon PCM81 Owner's Manual

PCM 81

Digital Effects Processor

User Guide

A Harman International Company

UNPACKING AND INSPECTION

After unpacking the PCM 81, save all packing materials in case you ever need to ship the unit. Thoroughly inspect the PCM 81 and packing materials for signs of damage. Report any shipment damage to the carrier at once; report equipment malfunction to your dealer.

PRECAUTIONS

Save these instructions for later use.

Follow all instructions and warnings marked on the unit.

Always use with the correct line voltage. Refer to the manufacturer's operating instructions for power requirements. Be advised that different operating voltages may require the use of a different line cord and/or attachment plug.

Do not install the unit in an unventilated rack, or directly above heat producing equipment such as power amplifiers. Observe the maximum ambient operating temperature listed in the product specification.

Slots and openings on the case are provided for ventilation; to ensure reliable operation and prevent it from overheating, these openings must not be blocked or covered. Never push objects of any kind through any of the ventilation slots. Never spill a liquid of any kind on the unit.

This product is equipped with a 3-wire grounding type plug. This is a safety feature and should not be defeated.

Never attach audio power amplifier outputs directly to any of the unit's connectors.

To prevent shock or fire hazard, do not expose the unit to rain or moisture, or operate it where it will be exposed to water.

Do not attempt to operate the unit if it has been dropped, damaged, exposed to liquids, or if it exhibits a distinct change in performance indicating the need for service.

This unit should only be opened by qualified service personnel. Removing covers will expose you to hazardous voltages.

This triangle, which appears on your component,		This triangle, which appears on your component,
alerts you to the presence of uninsulated,CAUTION		alerts you to important operating and
dangerous voltage inside the	-	maintenance instructions in this
voltage that may be sufficient to	RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK	accompanying literature.
constitute a risk of	DO NOT OPEN

NOTICE

This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, may cause interference to radio and television reception. It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designated to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment OFF and ON, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:

Reorient the receiving antenna

Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver

Move the computer away from the receiver

Plug the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different branch circuits.

If necessary, the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful:

"How to identify and Resolve Radio/TV Interference Problems."

This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402, Stock No. 004-000-00345-4.

Le présent appareil numérique n'émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la class B prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique édicté par le ministère des Communications du Canada.

A Harman International Company

Lexicon, Inc.

3 Oak Park

Bedford, MA 01730-1441 USA Tel [phone]

Fax [phone] www.lexicon.com

Customer Support

Tel [phone]

Fax [phone] (Sales)

Fax [phone] (Service)

Lexicon Part No. 070-12614 | Rev 2 | 09/01

© 2001 Lexicon, Inc. All rights reserved.

This document should not be construed as a commitment on the part of Lexicon, Inc. The information it contains is subject to change without notice. Lexicon, Inc. assumes no responsibility for errors that may appear within this document.

Introduction

Lexicon

Introduction
DK	Vigtig information om sikkerhed .....................................	iv
FI	Tärkeitä turvallisuusohjeita...............................................	iv
NO	Viktig informasjon om sikkerhet .......................................	v
SE	Viktiga säkerhetsföreskrifter ..............................................	v
DE	Wichtige Sicherheitsanweisungen....................................	vi
ES	Instrucciones importantes de seguridad ..........................	vi
FR	Instructions de Sûreté Importantes .................................	vii
IT	Importanti norme di sicurezza ........................................	vii
Section 1: Getting Started
About the PCM 81 ....................................................................		1-2
The Presets • The Algorithms • Tempo Control • Editing •
Memory Cards • User Interface
Front Panel Overview ................................................................		1-4
Rear Panel Overview..................................................................		1-6
Block Diagram...........................................................................		1-8
Installation Notes ......................................................................		1-9
Mounting • Power Requirements • Audio Connections •
Control Connections • Connectors • Setting Audio Levels •
Configurations • Memory Cards
Section 2: Basic Operation
Modes of Operation..................................................................		2-2
Navigating a Matrix • Go or Pro • Info
Control Mode ...........................................................................		2-5
Row 0 Audio • Row 1 System • Row 2 Card • Row 3 MIDI •
Row 4 Setup • Row 5 Mapx • Row 6 Chain

Section 2: Basic Operation (continued)
Program and Register Banks....................................................	2-17
Selecting Effects
Tempo Mode ..........................................................................	2-19
The Tempo Mode Matrix • Row 0 Tempo • Row 1 Tap
Editing an Effect ......................................................................	2-21
The Soft Knob • The Soft Row • Compare • Bypass • Store
Operations • The Full Edit Matrix • Patching
Section 3: Algorithms and Parameters
About the Algorithms................................................................	3-2
The 4-Voice Algorithms .............................................................	3-2
Concert Hall • Plate • Chamber • Inverse • Infinite
The 6-Voice Algorithms .............................................................	3-9
Glide>Hall • Chorus+Rvb • M-Band+Rvb
The Resonant Chord Algorithms..............................................	3-13
Res1>Plate and Res2>Plate
The Parameters .......................................................................	3-15
Chorus • Controls • Delay Time • Feedback/Cross Feedback •
Filters • Glide FX • Levels • Modulation • Panning • Patching •
Pitch • Resonance • Rvb Design • Rvb Time
The Pitch Algorithms...............................................................	3-33
About the Pitch Algorithms • About Pitch Shifting • Quad>
Hall • Dual-Chamb • Dual-Plt • Dual-Inv •	Stereo-Chmb •
VSO-Chmb • The Pitch Parameters
Using the Submixer.................................................................	3-45
Sends • Returns • Routing • Useful Configurations
Rvb and FX Block Controls ......................................................	3-52
The Pitch Correct Algorithm....................................................	3-54
The Pitch Correct Parameters

ii

PCM 81

Introduction

Section 4: Presets
Overview...................................................................................	4-2
Program Bank 0 (P0).................................................................	4-3
Multi Effects • Modulation Effects • Special Effects
Program Bank 1 (P1).................................................................	4-8
Rhythmic Echo and Delay Effects • Ambience Effects
Program Bank 2 (P2)...............................................................	4-13
EQ Effects • Spatial Effects • Gain Effects • Resonant Chord
Effects
Program Bank 3 (P3)...............................................................	4-19
Reverb Effects • Processed Reverb Effects • Remix Effects
Program Bank 4 (P4)...............................................................	4-24
Vocal Shift • Vocal Harmony • Guitar Magic • Instrument Shift
& Harmony • Percussion & Tempo
Program Bank 5 (P5)...............................................................	4-29
Sci-Fi FX • Pitch & Delay • Pitch Sequences •	Pads & Drones •
Utility Programs • Pitch Correct
Alphabetical Index of Presets...................................................	4-34
Section 5: MIDI Operation
Selecting a MIDI Channel..........................................................	5-2
Accessing Programs and Registers .............................................	5-2
Controlling Tempo Rate with MIDI Clock ..................................	5-3
MIDI Tempo Control • Using the PCM 81 as a MIDI Clock
Source • Slaving Two or More PCM 81s
Controller Quirks.......................................................................	5-4
The ADJUST Knob, Foot Pedal, Foot SW1, and Foot SW 2 as MIDI
Controllers ................................................................................	5-4
Controlling the Soft Knob with MIDI • Controlling the Soft
Knob with a Foot Pedal
Program Change Messages .......................................................	5-5

Section 5: MIDI Operation (continued)
Automation ...............................................................................	5-6
SysEx Automation • Controller Automation • Reset All
Controllers • MIDI Clock and Clock Commands • PCM 90
Compatibility • Dynamic MIDI
Bulk Data Dumps ......................................................................	5-8
MIDI Implementation Chart ......................................................	5-8
Section 6: Troubleshooting
Low Voltage ..............................................................................	6-2
Overheating ..............................................................................	6-2
Common MIDI Problems...........................................................	6-2
Operational Problems................................................................	6-3
No Input • No Digital Audio Output • No Effects Output
Power On Behavior ...................................................................	6-3
Restoring Factory Default Settings.............................................	6-3
Reinitialization ...........................................................................	6-4
Appendix
Specifications ............................................................................	A-2
Declaration of Conformity.........................................................	A-4

iii

Introduction

Lexicon

DK	DANSK	DK

VIGTIG INFORMATION OM SIKKERHED

Gem denne vejledning til senere brug.

Følg alle anvisninger og advarsler på apparatet.

Apparatet skal altid tilsluttes den korrekte spænding. Der henvises til brugsanvisningen, der indeholder specifikationer for strømforsyning. Der gøres opmærksom på, at ved varierende driftsspændinger kan det blive nødvendigt at bruge andre ledningsog/eller stiktyper.

Apparatet må ikke monteres i et kabinet uden ventilation eller lige over andet udstyr, der udvikler varme, f.eks. forstærkere. Den maksimale omgivelsestemperatur ved drift, der står opført i specifikationerne, skal overholdes.

Der er ventilationsåbninger i kabinettet. For at sikre apparatets drift og hindre overophedning må disse åbninger ikke blokeres eller tildækkes. Stik aldrig noget ind igennem ventilationsåbningerne, og pas på aldrig at spilde nogen form for væske på apparatet.

Dette apparat er forsynet med et stik med jordforbindelse. Denne sikkerhedsforanstaltning må aldrig omgås.

Udgangsstik fra audioforstærkere må aldrig sættes direkte i apparatet.

Apparatet må ikke udsættes for regn eller fugt og må ikke bruges i nærheden af vand for at undgå risiko for elektrisk stød og brand.

Apparatet må aldrig bruges, hvis det er blevet stødt, beskadiget eller vådt, eller hvis ændringer i ydelsen tyder på, at det trænger til eftersyn.

Dette apparat må kun åbnes af fagfolk. Hvis dækslet tages af, udsættes man for livsfarlig højspænding.

Denne mærkat på komponenten advarer om uisoleret, farlig spænding i apparatet ... høj nok til at give elektrisk stød.

Denne mærkat på komponenten advarer om vigtig driftsog vedligeholdsinformation i den tilhørende litteratur.

FI	SUOMI	FI
	TÄRKEITÄ TURVALLISUUSOHJEITA

Säilytä nämä ohjeet tulevaa käyttöä varten.

Seuraa kaikkia yksikköön merkittyjä ohjeita ja varoituksia.

Käytä aina oikeaa verkkojännitettä. Tehovaatimukset selviävät valmistajan käyttöohjeista. Huomaa, että eri käyttöjännitteet saattavat vaatia toisenlaisen verkkojohdon ja/tai -pistokkeen käytön.

Älä asenna yksikköä telineeseen jossa ei ole tuuletusta, tai välittömästi lämpöä tuottavien laitteiden, esim. tehovahvistimien, yläpuolelle. Ympäristön lämpötila käytössä ei saa ylittää tuotespesifikaation maksimilämpötilaa.

Kotelo on varustettu tuuletusreiillä ja -aukoilla. Luotettavan toiminnan varmistamiseksi ja ylilämpenemisen välttämiseksi näitä aukkoja ei saa sulkea tai peittää. Mitään esineitä ei saa työntää tuuletusaukkoihin. Mitään nesteitä ei saa kaataa yksikköön.

Tuote on varustettu 3-johtimisella maadoitetulla verkkopistokkeella. Tämä on turvallisuustoiminne eikä sitä saa poistaa.

Älä kytke audiotehovahvistimen lähtöjä suoraan mihinkään yksikön liittimeen.

Sähköiskun ja palovaaran välttämiseksi yksikkö ei saa olla sateessa tai kosteassa, eikä sitä saa käyttää märässä ympäristössä.

Älä käytä yksikköä jos se on pudonnut, vaurioitunut, kostunut, tai jos sen suorituskyky on huomattavasti muuttunut, mikä vaatii huoltoa.

Yksikön saa avata vain laitteeseen perehtynyt huoltohenkilö. Kansien poisto altistaa sinut vaarallisille jännitteille.

Tämä kolmio, joka esiintyy komponentissasi, varoittaa sinua eristämättömän vaarallisen jännitteen esiintymisestä yksikön sisällä. Tämä jännite saattaa olla riittävän korkea aiheuttamaan sähköiskuvaaran.

Tämä kolmio, joka esiintyy komponentissasi, kertoo sinulle, että tässä tuotedokumentoinnissa esiintyy tärkeitä käyttöja ylläpito-ohjeita.

iv

PCM 81

Introduction

NO	NORSK	NO

VIKTIG INFORMASJON OM SIKKERHET

Ta vare på denne veiledningen for senere bruk.

Følg alle anvisningene og advarslene som er angitt på apparatet.

Apparatet skal alltid anvendes med korrekt spenning. Produktbeskrivelsen inneholder spesifikasjoner for strømkrav. Vær oppmerksom på at det ved ulike driftsspenninger kan være nødvendig å bruke en annen ledningog/eller støpseltype.

Apparatet skal ikke monteres i skap uten ventilasjon, eller direkte over varmeproduserende utstyr, som for eksempel kraftforsterkere. Den maksimale romtemperaturen som står oppgitt i produktbeskrivelsen, skal overholdes.

Apparatet er utstyrt med ventilasjonsåpninger. For at apparatet skal være pålitelig i bruk og ikke overopphetes, må disse åpningene ikke blokkeres eller tildekkes. Stikk aldri noe inn i ventilasjonsåpningene, og pass på at det aldri søles noen form for væske på apparatet.

Dette apparatet er utstyrt med et jordet støpsel. Dette er en sikkerhetsforanstaltning som ikke må forandres.

Utgangsplugger fra audioforsterkere skal aldri koples direkte til apparatet.

Unngå brannfare og elektrisk støt ved å sørge for at apparatet ikke utsettes for regn eller fuktighet og ikke anvendes i nærheten av vann.

Apparatet skal ikke brukes hvis det har blitt utsatt for støt, er skadet eller blitt vått, eller hvis endringer i ytelsen tyder på at det trenger service.

Dette apparatet skal kun åpnes av fagfolk. Hvis dekselet fjernes, utsettes man for livsfarlig høyspenning.

Komponenten er merket med denne trekanten, som er en advarsel om at det finnes uisolert, farlig spenning inne i kabinettet ... høy nok til å utgjøre en fare for elektrisk støt.

Komponenten er merket med denne trekanten, som betyr at den tilhørende litteraturen inneholder viktige opplysninger om drift og vedlikehold.

SE	SVENSKA	SE

VIKTIGA SÄKERHETSFÖRESKRIFTER

Spara dessa föreskrifter för framtida bruk.

Följ alla anvisningar och varningar som anges på enheten.

Använd alltid rätt nätspänning. Se tillverkarens bruksanvisningar för information om effektkrav. Märkväl, att andra matningsspänningar eventuellt kräver att en annan typs nätsladd och/eller kontakt används.

Installera inte enheten i ett oventilerat stativ, eller direkt ovanför utrustningar som avger värme, t ex effektförstärkare. Se till att omgivningens temperatur vid drift inte överskrider det angivna värdet i produktspecifikationen.

Behållaren är försedd med hål och öppningar för ventilering. För att garantera tillförlitlig funktion och förhindra överhettning får dessa öppningar inte blockeras eller täckas. Inga föremål får skuffas in genom ventilationshålen. Inga vätskor får spillas på enheten.

Produkten är försedd med en jordad 3-trådskontakt. Detta är en säkerhetsfunktion som inte får tas ur bruk.

Anslut aldrig audioeffektförstärkarutgångar direkt till någon av enhetens kontakter.

För att undvika elstöt eller brandfara får enheten inte utsättas för regn eller fukt, eller användas på ställen där den blir våt.

Använd inte enheten om den har fallit i golvet, skadats, blivit våt, eller om dess prestanda förändrats märkbart, vilket kräver service.

Enheten får öppnas endast av behörig servicepersonal. Farliga spänningar blir tillgängliga när locken tas bort.

Denna triangel, som visas på din komponent, varnar dig om en oisolerad farlig spänning inne i enheten. Denna spänning är eventuellt så hög att fara för elstöt föreligger.

Denna triangel, som visas på din komponent, anger att viktiga bruksanvisningar och serviceanvisningar ingår i dokumentationen i fråga.

v

Introduction

Lexicon

DE	DEUTSCH	DE

WICHTIGE SICHERHEITSANWEISUNGEN

Heben Sie sich diese Sicherheitsanweisungen auch für später auf.

Befolgen Sie alle auf der Vorrichtung stehenden Anweisungen und Warnungen.

Immer nur mit der richtigen Spannung verwenden! Die ebrauchsanweisungen des Herstellers informieren Sie über die elektrischen Anforderungen. Vergessen Sie nicht daß bei verschiedenen Betriebsspannungen ggf. auch verschiedene Leitungskabel und/oder Verbindungsstecker zu verwenden sind.

Stellen Sie die Vorrichtung nicht in ein unbelüftetes Gestell oder unmittelbar über wärmeerzeugende Geräte wie z.B. Tonverstärker. Halten Sie die in den Produktspezifikationen angegebene maximale Umgebungstemperatur bei Betrieb ein.

Schlitze und Öffnungen im Gehäuse dienen der Belüfung; um verläßlichen Betrieb sicherzustellen und Überheizen zu vermeiden dürfen diese Öffnungen nich verstopft oder abgedeckt werden. Stecken Sie nie irgend einen Gegenstand durch die Belüftungsschlitze. Vergießen Sie keine Flüssigkeiten auf den Apparat.

Dieses Produkt is mit einem 3-drahtigen Erdungsstecker ausgerüstet. Diese Sicherheitsmaßnahme darf nicht unwirksam gemacht werden.

Schließen Sie nie Tonverstärker unmittelbar an einen Anschluß des Apparates an.

Um elektrischen Schlag oder Feuer zu vermeiden, setzen Sie den Apparat weder Regen noch Feuchtigkeit aus und betreiben Sie ihn nicht dort wo Wasser eindringen könnte.

Versuchen Sie nicht den Apparat zu betreiben falls er fallen gelassen, beschädigt, oder Flüssigkeiten ausgesetzt wurde, oder falls sich seine Arbeitsweise derart ändert daß daraus ein Bedarf nach Raparatur zu schließen ist.

Dieser Apparat sollte nur von qualifizierten Fachleuten geöffnet werden. Das Abnehmen von Abdeckungen setzt Sie gefährlichen Spannungen aus.

Dieses Dreieck auf Ihrem Apparat warnt Sie vor nicht-isolierter, gefährlicher Spannung im Gehäuse ... stark genug um eine Berührungsgefahr darzustellen.

Dieses Dreieck auf Ihrem Apparat bedeutet daß wichtige Betriebsund Wartungsanweisungen in der mitgelieferten Dokumentation zu finden sind.

ES	ESPAÑOL	ES

INSTRUCCIONES IMPORTANTES

DE SEGURIDAD

Guarde esta instrucciones para uso posterior.

Utilice siempre el voltaje correcto. Diríjase a las instrucciones de operación del fabricante para obtener las especificaciones de potencia. Esté al tanto de que voltajes de operación distintos requieren el uso de cables y/o enchufes distintos.

No instale esta unidad en un estante sin ventilación, ni tampoco directamente encima de equipos que generen calor tales como amplificadores de potencia. Fíjese en las temperaturas ambientales máximas de operación que se mencionan en las especificaciones del producto.

Las aperturas y ranuras del chasis sirven para proveer la ventilación necesaria para operar la unidad con seguridad y para prevenir sobrecalentamiento, y por lo tanto no pueden ser obstruidas o cubiertas. No introduzca objetos de ningún tipo a través de las ranuras de ventilación, y nunca deje caer ningún líquido sobre la unidad.

Este producto está equipado con un enchufe de 3 clavijas con conexión a tierra. Éste es un elemento de seguridad que no debe ser eliminado.

Nunca conecte ningún tipo de salida de amplificadores de sonido directamente a los conectores de la unidad.

Para prevenir descargas eléctricas o incendios, mantenga la unidad alejada de la lluvia, humedad o cualquier lugar en el que pueda entrar en contacto con agua.

No trate de hacer funcionar la unidad si se ha caído, está dañada, ha entrado en contacto con líquidos, o si nota cualquier cambio brusco en su funcionamiento que indique la necesidad de hacerle un servicio de mantenimiento.

Esta unidad deberá ser abierta únicamente por personal calificado. Si usted quita las coberturas se expondrá a voltajes peligrosos.

Este triángulo que aparece en su componente le advierte sobre la existencia dentro del chasis de voltajes peligrosos sin aislantes ...

voltajes que son lo suficientemente grandes como para causar electrocución.

Este triángulo que aparece en su componente lo alerta sobre las instrucciones de operación y mantenimiento importantes que están en los materiales de lectura que se incluyen.

vi

PCM 81

Introduction

FR

FRANÇAIS

FR

INSTRUCTIONS DE SÛRETÉ IMPORTANTES

Gardez ces instructions pour réference future.

Observez toutes les instructions et tous les avertissements marqués sur l’appareil.

Branchez uniquements sur un réseau de tension indiquée. Consultez le manuel d’instruction du fabriquant pour les spécifications de courant. N’oubliez pas que différentes tensions peuvent nécessiter l’utilisation de cables et/ou de fiches de connexion différents.

N’installez pas l’appareil en un compartiment non-aéré ou directement au-dessus d’équipements générateurs de chaleur, tels qu’amplificateurs de courants, etc. Ne dépassez pas la température ambiante maximale de fonctionnement indiquée dans les spécifications du produit.

Des fentes et ouvertures sont prévues dans le boîtier pour l’aération; Pour assurer le bon fonctionnement et pour prévenir l’échauffement, ces ouvertures ne doivent pas être couvertes ou bloquées. N’insérez pas d’objets dans les fentes d’aération. Empêchez tout liquide de se répandre sur l’appareil.

Ce produit est muni d’une fiche à trois fils pour la mise à terre. Ceci est une mesure de sécurité et ne doit pas être contrariée.

Ne connectez jamais d’amplificateurs audio directement aux connecteurs de l’appareil.

Pour empêcher les chocs électriques et le danger d’incendie, évitez d’exposer l’appareil à la pluie ou à l’humidité, et ne le mettez pas en marche en un endroit où il serait exposé aux éclaboussures d’eau.

N’essayez pas de faire fonctionner l’appareil s’il est tombé à terre, a été endommangé, exposé à un liquide, ou si vous observez des différences nettes dans son fonctionnement, indiquant la nécessité de réparations.

Cet appareil ne doit être ouvert que par un personnel de service qualifié. En enlevant les couvercles vous vous exposez à des tensions électriques dangereuses.

Ce triangle, sur votre appareil vous avertit de la présence de tension dangereuse, non-isolée à l’intérieur du boîtier...une tension suffisante pour représenter un danger d’électrocution.

Ce triangle sur sur votre appareil vous invite de suivre d’importantes instructions d’utilisation et d’entretien dans la documentation livrée avec le produit.

	IT	ITALIANO	IT
		IMPORTANTI NORME DI SICUREZZA

Conservare le presenti norme per l’utilizzo futuro.

Osservare tutte le istruzioni e le avvertenze apposte sull’unità.

Utilizzare esclusivamente con la tensione di rete corretta. Consultare le istruzioni operative fornite dal fabbricante per i dati riguardanti la tensione e l’assorbimento di corrente. Potrebbe essere necessario l’uso di cavi di rete e/o di spine diverse a seconda della tensione utilizzata.

Non installare l’unità in uno scaffale privo di ventilazione oppure direttamente sopra una fonte di calore, come, ad esempio, un amplificatore. Non superare la temperatura ambientale massima di funzionamento riportata nei dati tecnici del prodotto.

Le fessure e le altre aperture nella scatola servono alla ventilazione. Per un funzionamento affidabile, e per evitare un eventuale surriscaldamento, queste aperture non vanno ostruite o coperte in nessun modo. Evitare in tutti i casi di inserire oggetti di qualsiasi genere attraverso le fessure di ventilazione. Non versare mai del liquido di nessun tipo sull’unità.

Questo prodotto viene fornito con una spina a 3 fili con massa. Tale dispositivo di sicurezza non va eliminato.

Evitare sempre di collegare le uscite dell’amplificatore audio direttamente ai connettori dell’unità.

Per prevenire il pericolo di folgorazione e di incendio non esporre l’unità alla pioggia o ad un’umidità eccessiva; evitare di adoperare l’unità dove potrebbe entrare in contatto con acqua.

Evitare di adoperare l’unità se la stessa è stata urtata violentemente, se ha subito un danno, se è stata esposta ad un liquido o in caso di un evidente cambiamento delle prestazioni che indichi la necessità di un intervento di assistenza tecnica.

Ogni intervento sull’unità va eseguito esclusivamente da personale qualificato. La rimozione della copertura comporta l’esposizione al pericolo di folgorazione.

Il presente triangolo impresso sul componente avverte della presenza di tensioni pericolose non isolate all’interno della copertura... tali tensioni rappresentano un pericolo di folgorazione

Il presente triangolo impresso sul componente avverte l’utente della presenza nella documentazione allegata di importanti istruzioni relative al funzionamento ed alla manutenzione.

vii

	1
	Getting Started
About the PCM 81........................................................................	1-2
The Presets • The Algorithms • Tempo Control • Editing • Memory Cards • User
Interface
Front Panel Overview....................................................................	1-4
Rear Panel Overview .....................................................................	1-6
Block Diagram ..............................................................................	1-8
Installation Notes ..........................................................................	1-9

Mounting • Power Requirements • Audio Connections • Control Connections •

Connectors • Setting Audio Levels • Configurations • Memory Cards

Getting Started

Lexicon

ABOUT THE PCM 81

Thank you for your purchase of the PCM 81, one of Lexicon’s most powerful and versatile digital effects processors. The PCM 81 brings you exciting new effects with extensive processing and control capabilities, and uncompromising sonic clarity.

THE PRESETS

The PCM 81 contains a built-in library of 300 preset programs that provide a comprehensive array of effects ranging from beautiful and lush to completely wild. The presets are organized into 6 Banks of 50, and functionally grouped for a wide range of applications. Be sure to experiment with all 300 presets to get a feel for the full range of PCM 81 capabilities.

Bank P0			Bank P1			Bank P2
•	Multi Effects		•	Rhythmic Echo &		•	EQ Effects
•	Modulation Effects			Delay Effects		•	Spatial Effects
•	Special Effects		•	Ambience Effects		•	Gain Effects
						•	Resonant Chord
							Effects

Bank P3			Bank P4			Bank P5
•	Reverb Effects		•	Vocal Shift		•	Sci-Fi FX
•	Processed Reverb		•	Vocal Harmony		•	Pitch & Delay
	Effects		•	Guitar Magic		•	Pitch Sequences
•	Remix Effects		•	Instrument Shift &		•	Pads & Drones
				Harmony		•	Utility Programs
			•	Percussion & Tempo		•	Pitch Correct

Every preset has one or more of its parameters patched to the front panel ADJUST knob, giving you instant control over the primary aspect of the effect — without going into Edit mode. In the preset, Concert Hall, for example, Mid Reverb Time is patched to ADJUST.

When you turn the knob, you will adjust the reverb decay. In Prime Blue, ADJUST is patched to several parameters, so that turning the knob changes the effect from a tight chorus, to a chorus with recirculating echoes and, finally, into a reverb.

THE ALGORITHMS

The PCM 81 uses 17 stereo algorithms to create different types of effects. Each algorithm includes an uncompromised stereo reverb effect, as well as several voices of additional stereo effects. There are three general classes of algorithm: 4-Voice, 6-Voice and Pitch. The 4-Voice algorithms: Concert Hall, Plate, Chamber, Inverse and Infinite each combine a specific type of reverberation with a 4-voice, general purpose, stereo effect “toolbox”, as well as additional post-processing for the reverb. The 6-Voice algorithms: Glide>Hall, Chorus+Rvb, M-Band+Rvb, Res1>Plate and Res2>Plate each combine a specific type of reverberation with a specialized 6-voice stereo effect. The Pitch algorithms: Quad>Hall, DualChmb, Dual Plt, Dual Inv, Stereo-Chmb, VSO-Chmb and Pitch Correct each offer a unique type of pitch shifting, combined with an uncompromised Lexicon reverb.

Many of the PCM 81 algorithms include parameters that make it possible to create dynamic spatialization effects for 2-channel or surround applications. Check out the Ambience Effects in Bank P1 and the Spatial Effects in Bank P2 for examples. The Dual FX Pitch algorithms have dedicated Submixer controls that allow instant reconfiguration of the reverb and effects blocks.

TEMPO CONTROL

The PCM 81 gives you a unique set of tempo controls. Tempos can be tapped in with the front panel Tap button (or an assigned controller) or “dialed-in”, in BPM (beats per minute) on the display. The PCM 81 also lets you generate MIDI clock from your tempo, as

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PCM 81

Getting Started

well as receive MIDI tempo from an external sequencer or drum machine. In the PCM 81, tempo can control LFO speeds and Time Switch controls, as well as all delay parameters, ensuring that all of your modulations are in tempo with your music. You can even set independent rhythmic values for different parameters within a single program.

Tempo can be set and displayed in either rhythmic value or time values. Many presets, particularly the Rhythmic Echo & Delay Effects in Program Bank P1, have delay times assigned to Tap tempo. Try loading some of these and pressing Tap twice in rhythm to change tempo.

EDITING

An enormous range of editing control is provided for each algorithm, with parameters organized in an edit matrix of as many as 100 main controls. In addition to providing this powerful sound design capability, the PCM 81 also allows you to customize these controls for your day-to-day editing needs, or to use a subset of controls specially designed for each preset.

The PCM 81 has two levels of Edit Mode control called Go mode and Pro mode. In Go mode, the most useful parameters within an effect are grouped for instant access via the front panel Edit button. Each preset has a specially selected set of Go mode parameters which let you make value changes to the effect without losing the character of the sound. Pro mode gives you access to the full parameter editing matrix for the algorithm of any loaded effect when you press Edit. In this mode, you can access a complete set of Modulation and Patching parameters, create your own ADJUST knob patch and assign your own Go mode parameters.

A unique Patching and Modulation system provides unprecedented control over your effects, with a versatile set of internal modulators: LFO, AR Envelope, Envelope Follower, Latch and Time Switches. These allow you to create modulation sweeps which move in time with music, or wildly animated effects. You can create as many as 10 patches per effect, each with as many as 8 pivot points. You can patch multiple parameters to a single controller, or patch multiple sources to a single destination.

MEMORY CARDS

The front panel memory slot will accept industry standard PCMCIA SRAM cards (up to 1Meg). Use these cards to store effects (as many as 2350 on a 1 Meg card), system setups, MIDI program maps, and more.

PCM 81 and PCM 80 SRAM cards are readable by either system.

USER INTERFACE

For all of its programming power and flexibility, you’ll find the PCM 81 simple to use. The large, 2-line fluorescent display is easy to see from any angle whether the surroundings are bright or dark. Separate SELECT and ADJUST knobs make program loading and editing quick and easy. We’ve even designed in a special Info mode

— press and hold any button to find out what its function is, or to get status information such as the name of the running effect, current tempo rate, etc.

To get the most out of the PCM 81, we suggest that you invest the time to explore this manual. We think you’ll agree that the time spent investigating will reward you with enjoyment of its full capabilities.

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Getting Started

Lexicon

FRONT PANEL OVERVIEW

1

2

4

5

6

7

9

11

13

15

18

HEADROOM INPUT

0dB 6

12

18

24

0

10

PCM 81	EFFECTS PROCESSOR	SELECT	Program Register				POWER
	Chorus+Rvb		Banks	Edit	Control	Tempo
P0 0.0
	Prime Blue		Store	Compare	Bypass	Tap	Memory Card
							Eject

3

6

10

12

14

16

17

1.Headroom

Five-position indicator for analog and digital signal levels and overload conditions.

2.INPUT

Adjusts analog input level.

3.Display

Two rows of 20 alphanumeric characters display effect names and ID numbers, and parameter names and values.

4.ADJUST

In Edit mode, changes values of parameters chosen with SELECT. With Program Banks or Register Banks selected, behaves as a soft knob for patched parameters.

5.SELECT

Scrolls through presets, registers or parameters. With Program Bank or Register Bank selected, scrolls through the 50 programs in the selected bank. With Edit selected, scrolls only through the parameters of the active row.

6.Up/Down

Press to move up and down through a program, register, or parameter matrix.

7.Program Banks

Enables selection of factory presets. Press repeatedly to cycle selection of 4 internal preset banks. Press and hold to display the name of the current bank.

8.Load/

In Program or Register mode, loads the selected program. In Edit mode, scrolls through any multi-field parameter.

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PCM 81

Getting Started

9.Register Banks

Enables selection of user memory. If a RAM card is loaded into the Memory Card slot, each press of this button selects a new register bank. Press and hold to display the name of the current bank.

10.Store

Initiates register store function.

11.Edit

Enables parameter selection for editing of values.

12.Compare

Active in Program, Register, and Edit modes. Press to compare the active version of the current effect with the most recently stored version.

13.Control

Enables selection of system and global parameters.

14.Bypass

Bypasses or mutes audio, depending on the setting of each program's bypass parameter.

15.Tempo

Press to display tempo rate and to initiate tempo functions. LED flashes in time with current tempo rate.

16.Tap

Sets tempo. Press twice in rhythm to establish tempo rate. Press once to reset LFO.

17.Memory Card

Slot for optional preset ROM or register RAM cards. Press Eject button to remove card.

18.POWER

On/Off.

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Getting Started

Lexicon

REAR PANEL OVERVIEW

1

3

5

7

			PUSH			PUSH		INPUT	PUSHPUSH
				FOOT	FOOT		L	LEVEL		R
		IN				OUTPUTS
IN	OUT			SWITCH CONTROLLER				0dB -20dB
						R
		S/PDIF			L			UNBAL
		OUT
						BALANCED			INPUTS

2

4

8

1.AC Power

Standard 3-pin IEC power connector. 100-240V, 50-60Hz automatic switching to correct voltage range.

2.MIDI IN

Receives MIDI information from other MIDI equipment such as master keyboard controllers, MIDI foot controllers, sequencers and synthesizers.

MIDI THRU

Passes any MIDI data received without change.

MIDI OUT

Transmits MIDI data to other equipment.

3.AES/EBU and S/PDIF Inputs

AES/EBU format digital connectors conform to AES professional standards. S/PDIF format digital connectors conform to CP-340 Type II and IEC-958 consumer standards. Only one of these options (AES or S/PDIF) may be selected for input.

4.FOOTSWITCH

A 1/4” Tip/Ring/Sleeve phone jack for two independent momentary footswitches.

5.FOOT CONTROLLER

A 1/4" Tip/Ring/Sleeve phone jack provided for footpedal with 10kΩ to 100Ω impedance.

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PCM 81

Getting Started

6.BALANCED OUTPUTS

Output impedance is 125Ω, each side, balanced, and levels up to +18dBu maximum full scale. 1/4" phone connectors and XLRs provided. Both S/PDIF and AES outputs are active at all times.

7.BALANCED INPUTS

Combined 3 pole XLR and 1/4" jacks, electronically balanced. Input impedance is 50kΩ unbalanced, and 100kΩ balanced. Inputs accept input levels from -22dBu to +20dBu.

8.INPUT LEVEL

Two-position (In/Out) switch for matching input gain to the source being used. In position adds 20dB of input gain (unbalanced) to the input stages. Out position provides 0dB of gain (balanced).

Tip		Sleeve	TIP	+
			RING	–
			SLEEVE	Ground
	Ring		Balanced I/O	(Shield)

Tip	Sleeve	TIP	Footswitch 2
		RING
Ring		SLEEVE	Footswitch 1

Tip	Sleeve	TIP		Typical Pot(entiometer)
			10-100K
		RING
	Ring	SLEEVE
			PEDAL	Sleeve Tip Ring

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Getting Started

Lexicon

BLOCK DIAGRAM

		S/PDIF Out
		Digital Audio
	Headroom	Transmitter
Left Input	Overload	Digital Audio AES Out
		Transmitter

			Analog		L/R	Mute
	Input		In Lvl
BAL/UNBAL		A/D
	Level
0dB +20dB		L/R
				EFFECTS	D/A
			L/R	Mix	L/R	Mute
Right Input		L/R
			Digital
S/PDIF In			In Lvl

		Control	Data		-10dBu/+4dBu
AES/EBU In
	Digital Audio
	Receiver
		Footswitch			MIDI IN
					MIDI OUT
			CPU
					MIDI THRU
	Foot Controller
				PCMCIA
				Memory
			Keys	Card
		+ 5V		Display
100-240V	Power
		+ 15
50-60 Hz	Supply		LEDs
		- 15
		Soft
		Knob

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PCM 81

Getting Started

INSTALLATION NOTES

MOUNTING

The PCM 81 uses one EIA-standard rack space, and can be mounted on any level surface or in a standard 19 inch (483 mm) rack. If the PCM 81 is mounted in a rack or road case, support the rear of the chassis to prevent possible damage from mechanical shock and vibration.

The maximum ambient operating temperature is 104°F (40°C). Provide adequate ventilation if the PCM 81 is mounted in a closed rack with heat-producing equipment such as power amplifiers.

POWER REQUIREMENTS

The PCM 81 is equipped with a 3-pin IEC power connector and detachable cord.

The PCM 81 will operate with power sources from 100 to 240 volts AC, 50-60Hz. Power switching to actual line voltage is automatic.

AUDIO CONNECTIONS

Analog Audio

For best performance, maintain balanced connections, and use high-quality, low-capacitance, twisted-shielded pair cable.

When connecting to single-ended, unbalanced devices, connect the low side to signal ground at the unbalanced piece of equipment. Output level does not change when connected to an unbalanced input.

Mono Applications

Use a Y-connector inserted at the analog inputs and outputs to have the signal summed to mono.

Note:

Be careful to keep input and output to all channels wired consistently. Out-of-phase wiring can produce audible effects.

Digital Audio

S/PDIF (CP-340 Type II) Consumer Digital Audio connections require 75Ω coaxial cable suited for digital audio or video signals. Audio grade cable is not suitable.

AES/EBU connections require balanced connections using high-quality, low-capacitance, controlled-impedance, data communication, twisted-shielded pair cable. Microphone cable may introduce a significant amount of jitter into the signal, causing distortion.

CONTROL CONNECTIONS

Footswitch/Foot Controller

One 1/4 inch T/R/S phone jack is provided for 2 momentary footswitches. Another 1/4 inch T/R/S phone jack is provided for a footpedal (minimum 100Ω to maximum 10k impedance). Normally open or normally closed momentary switches are suitable. At power on, the PCM 81 assumes the switch is off. Use shielded, twisted-pair cable with shield connected to sleeve. See diagram on page 1-9.

1-9

Getting Started

Lexicon

MIDI

Five-pin DIN connectors are provided for MIDI IN, THRU and OUT. Use standard 5-pin DIN MIDI cable assemblies, available from your local dealer.

CONNECTORS

	Mating
Signal	Connector	Description
L and R Analog	XLR A3M	Active balanced, pin 2 high
Audio Input		+2dBu min; +20dBu max
		at 0dB setting
L and R Analog	XLR A3F	Active balanced, pin 2 high
Audio Output		-2dBu to +18dBu
		at full scale output
AES/EBU	XLR A3M	Balanced RS-422
Digital Input		pin 2 high
AES/EBU	XLR A3F	Balanced RS-422
Digital Output		pin 2 high
S/PDIF	1/4"	EIAJ Consumer Digital
CP-340 Type II		Audio Format
Consumer Digital		tip high
Audio Input and
Output
MIDI In	5-pin DIN	Standard MIDI Interface
MIDI Out
MIDI Thru

Pin 2 high by convention

2 = high	Female	1 = ground
Male
		3 = low

3 = low

2 = high

1 = ground

SETTING AUDIO LEVELS

The PCM 81, with both analog and digital input and output connections, requires some attention to proper setting of signal level.

Analog inputs are first gain-conditioned by the rear panel input gain switch, and then by the front panel INPUT knob. Proper setting of both the switch and knob are important for best performance of the A/D converter. Audio data from the A/D converter is level adjusted by the Analog Lvl parameter before reaching the effects processors. Digital inputs are also level adjusted before reaching the effects processors via the Digital Lvl parameter.

Analog and the selected digital source are mixed at the input to the effects processors. For example, setting both Analog Lvl and Digital

Lvl to 50% will mix the analog and the selected digital input signals equally and send them to the effects. Creating a mix which exceeds 100% can cause overload.

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PCM 81

Getting Started

Proper setting of Input level on the PCM 81 is dependent on:

•Proper signal level into the analog front end to avoid signals causing overload at the DSP input

•Proper adjustment of the signal level into the analog-to-digital converter to optimize noise and avoid overload

•Proper setting of signal level into the digital signal processor to optimize noise.

Headroom Display

HEADROOM	INPUT		The headroom display provides both
0dB			headroom and overload information from a
6			variety of measurement points. The meters
12
18			display the sum of both the analog and the
24	0	10	digital input data. Examining either the
			analog or the digital level alone requires that

the Level parameter of the subject data stream be set to 100%, while the Level parameter of the other is set to 0%.

The chart below illustrates the adjustment range that will set input levels for both balanced and unbalanced operation.When a choice can be made, it is best to operate at the higher amplitude end of the recommended range to optimize noise performance.

	Unbalanced	Balanced
overload:	>0dBu	>+20dBu
acceptable:	0dBu to -22dBu	+20dBu to -2dBu
too low (noisy):	<-22dBu	<-2dBu

Overload

The 0db (overload) indicators will light under the following conditions:

•A/D overload

•Overload at any point in effects processing

For example, internal peaking of high Q filters, or level buildup from certain reverberation modes can result in overload, even when the input A/D or digital receiver data stream is not at full scale. Such conditions are most often caused by a combination of extreme parameter settings. Adjusting parameter/level settings can eliminate these overload conditions.

Selecting a Digital Input Source

1.Press Control.

2.Press Up or Down until the leftmost digit in the lower lefthand corner of the display is 0.

3.Turn SELECT to 0.0 Word Clock, and turn ADJUST to display Ext: XLR or Ext: Coax, depending on the input you are using.

Selecting Word Size

1.Press Control.

2.Press Up or Down until the leftmost digit in the lower lefthand corner of the display is 0.

3.Turn SELECT to 0.3 Word Size, and turn ADJUST to display desired Word Size.

•When using analog outputs as primary outputs, set Word Size to 20 bits.

1-11

Getting Started

Lexicon

Setting Analog and Digital Input Level

1.Press Control.

2.Press Up or Down until the leftmost digit in the lower lefthand corner of the display is 0.

3.Turn SELECT to 0.2 Dig In Lvl, and turn ADJUST to display 0%.

Note:

If you are not running digital audio, controlled by External Clock, into the PCM 81, the digital audio input will be disabled or muted. Until there is valid digital audio input, select 0.0 External to enable the digital input level control. Until valid digital audio is connected, the Dig In Lvl control will remain muted.

4.Turn SELECT to 0.1 Analog In Lvl, and turn ADJUST to display 100%.

5.Adjust the front panel INPUT knob so that program material level peaks cause the headroom display to reach the top of the column without lighting the overload indicators. An occasional large signal peak causing momentary flashing of the overload indicator is acceptable in most instances, but should be validated by listening to the actual result.

6.If you are running digital audio, turn SELECT back to 0.2 Dig In Lvl, and turn ADJUST to the desired level. You may want to back off the Analog In Lvl setting to prevent the analog/digital mix from overloading the effects processor.

Setting Output Level

While still in Control mode, turn SELECT to 0.6 Output Level. The Output Level parameter has two range positions. The appropriate position depends on the level handling capability of the device connected to the analog outputs. Devices capable of handling outputs with peak levels of 18dBu require setting Output Level to the +4dBu setting. Devices which cannot handle peak levels greater than +4dBu require the -10dBu setting.

CONFIGURATIONS

If you will be using a PCM 81 as your primary effects unit, and your system includes a console with one or more auxiliary (effects) sends, connect the PCM 81 as shown on the next page. In most applications, it is preferable to connect the PCM 81 outputs to two of the console's input channel strips, panned full left and right, rather than to the effects returns. This allows the greatest flexibility in routing and equalization.

In this configuration the console controls are used to set the amount of effect heard—the PCM 81's MIX control should be set for 100% wet. To assign a global MIX setting:

1.Press Control.

2.Press Up or Down until 1.x is displayed in the lower left of the display and System is displayed on the upper line.

3.Turn SELECT until System Mix Mode is displayed on the upper line. 1.1 will be displayed in the lower left.

4.Turn ADJUST until the lower line reads: 1.1 Global

5.Press Load / to show the current global setting of MIX; use ADJUST to set it to 100% wet.

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PCM 81

Getting Started

Connecting to a Mixing Console’s Effects Sends

Effects Send (R)

Effects Send (L)

Channel Input or Effects Return (L)

Channel Input or Effects Return (R)

				PUSH			PUSHPUSH		INPUT	PUSHPUSH
								L	LEVEL		R
IN	THRU	OUT	IN	SWITCH CONTROLLER	BALANCED OUTPUTS				0dB -20dB
			S/PDIF		L	R			UNBAL
			OUT
							BALANCED			INPUTS

MEMORY CARDS

You can use Memory cards to store as many as 2350 PCM 81 registers (47 banks of 50 on a 1 Meg card). Registers stored on a properly formatted card will be recognized whenever the card is inserted, and can be accessed via the front panel Register Banks button, exactly as internal registers.

Memory cards can also be used to store "setups" (your system configuration, as set in Control mode). As many as 5 PCM

81 setups can be stored on a card, allowing you to transport not only your effects, but complete PCM 81 environments to another PCM 81. Cards also provide storage for additional program maps and effect chains.

See Control Mode Store and Load functions for details on saving setups on a card and reloading them.

Memory cards must be of the following type:

PCMCIA SRAM Memory Card — 68 pin, Type I

Usable densities: 64 kByte 128 kByte 256 kByte 1 MByte

Access Time: 250 nsec or faster

Conforms to PCMCIA 2.0/JEDIA 4.1. Can use either 8-bit or 8/16-bit bus configuration. Attribute memory can be present, but is not used.

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	2
	Basic Operation
Modes of Operation......................................................................	2-2
Navigating a Matrix • Go or Pro • Info
Control Mode ...............................................................................	2-5
Row 0 Audio • Row 1 System • Row 2 Card • Row 3 MIDI • Row 4 Setup •
Row 5 Mapx • Row 6 Chain
Program and Register Banks........................................................	2-17
Selecting Effects
Tempo Mode ..............................................................................	2-19
The Tempo Mode Matrix • Row 0 Tempo • Row 1 Tap
Editing an Effect..........................................................................	2-21

The Soft Knob • The Soft Row • Compare • Bypass • Store Operations •

The Full Edit Matrix • Patching

Basic Operation

Lexicon

The PCM 81 provides a wide range of control over an extraordinary set of reverb, delay, pitch and modulation effects. All of the controls are easily accessed from the front panel and are described in detail in this section.

MODES OF OPERATION

The PCM 81 has five basic modes of operation, each of which is selected by pressing a front panel button (Program Banks, Register Banks, Edit, Control and Tempo). Each of these first four mode buttons has an LED which lights when the mode is active. The Tempo LED (unless you elect to have this function turned off) flashes the current tempo. When Tempo mode is active, no other mode LEDs will be lighted.

The PCM 81 always operates in one of these modes. Here, the lit LED indicates that Control Mode is active.

The five mode buttons give you the first level of access to all of the functions and parameters in the PCM 81.

•Press Program Banks repeatedly to access six banks of factory preset programs. Each bank contains 50 programs.

•Press Register Banks to access a bank of 50 memory locations, called registers, where you can store your customized effects. Memory cards can be used for storage of additional banks of registers. When a formatted memory card containing stored registers is inserted, pressing Register Banks repeatedly will cycle through all of the available register banks.

•Press Edit to access all of the available parameters for the currently running effect.

•Press Control to select system parameters, MIDI, card formatting, etc.

•Press Tempo to set tempo-related values that affect the delay time and LFO rate parameters of the currently-running effect. This is an exciting feature which is unique to the PCM 81, and which will be described in detail later in this chapter.

NAVIGATING A MATRIX

All of the controls available in a mode are arranged in a matrix of up to 10 columns (numbered 0-9) and 10 rows (each numbered

.0-.9). This arrangement allows any one of as many as 100 parameters to be selected simply by using the SELECT knob and the Up and Down buttons to select a position in the matrix.

GO OR PRO

The PCM 81 offers a choice between two levels of Edit mode parameter access. We call these Go mode and Pro mode.

Go mode makes use of an extra row in the edit mode matrix called the Soft Row, where you can assign as many as 10 effect parameters for easy access. Selecting Go mode (Control mode 1.0) limits the action of the Edit button to displaying only the Soft Row parameters assigned to the current effect.

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PCM 81

Basic Operation

Simultaneously pressing Up and Down will always return you to 0.0.

SELECT

The Select knob moves you horizontally across the matrix.

The Up and Down buttons move you vertically through the rows of the matrix.

	0	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.9
	1	1.0	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.8	An asterisk in the display indicates that
	2	2.0	2.1	2.2	2.3	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.7
											Load/ is active and, depending on the
	3	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.6			mode, will load effects or will display
Up	4	4.0	4.1	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.5				additional parameters when pressed.
Down	5	5.0	5.1	5.2	5.3	5.4				PCM 81	DIGITAL EFFECTS PROCESSOR
	6	6.0	6.1	6.2	6.3					XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
										3.6 XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
	7	7.0	7.1	7.2
	8	8.0	8.1						Your current location in the matrix is shown
	9	9.0
									in the lower lefthand corner of the display.
		ADJUST

In the Program and Register Banks, the Adjust knob acts as a soft knob for adjustment of one or more patched effect parameters. In the other modes, Adjust scrolls through the range of available settings for the control you have selected.

Each preset has a set of Soft Row assignments which we've selected for you (as well as an assignment for the ADJUST knob). When shipped, the PCM 81 will power up in Go mode with the first preset (P0 0.0) loaded. Press Edit to display the Soft Row of parameters.

Pro mode gives you access to the full parameter matrix, including the Soft Row. Use this mode when you want to do in-depth effects editing or patching, or when you want to customize Soft Row assignments.

Go mode and Pro mode selection is made in Control mode at matrix location 1.0.

2-3

Basic Operation

Lexicon

INFO

Info messages are displayed when a button is pressed and held down. Generally, info messages describe the

function of a button, or provide current status information.

Displays the currently loaded effect name, bank, and matrix location.

Displays the current tempo and the clock source (MIDI or internal).

Displays the current function		Program	Register
assigned to the Up button	Up	Banks	Banks	Edit	Control	Tempo
and the Adjust knob.	Down	Load	Store	Compare	Bypass	Tap
Displays the current function
assigned to the Down button
and the Select knob.
Displays action needed to					Displays the type of system
perform a store operation or					bypass currently selected,
Memory Protect message when					and the current status
store function is disabled.					(on or off).
		Inactive until an effect has been
		altered, then displays "Press to
		hear stored effect."

The PCM 81 offers an extensive set of informative display messages which can be activated from the front panel.

The front panel switches perform various functions when pressed. Most of these functions are activated on release of the button. If you want to know more about the function of a particular button (without actually executing any action) press and hold the button down. While you are holding down the button, an explanatory message will appear on the display. The activation of an Info message overrides the normal function of the button, so that no action is taken on release.

2-4

PCM 81

Basic Operation

CONTROL MODE

Simultaneously press Up and Down to return to 0.0.

0

Audio

1

System

2

Card

3

MIDI

4

Setup

Mapx

Chain

0.0	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6
*Word Clock	Analog In Lvl	Dig In Lvl	Word Size	SCMS	Emphasis Bit	Output Level
1.0	1.1	1.2	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.8
Edit Mode	Mix Mode	Tempo Mode	Bypass Mode	Pgm Bypass	Mem Protect	Auto Load	Patch Update	Initialize
2.0	2.1	2.2
Bank Copy	Load	Format
3.0	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.7	3.8	3.9
Reset	Receive	Transmit	*Pgm Change	Automation	*Send	Int Clock	SysEx	Dump	Dump Speed
4.0	4.1
Store	Load
Map 0	Map 1
Chain
Pgm Assign
Chain 0	Chain 1	Chain 2	Chain 3	Chain 4	Chain 5	Chain 6	Chain 7	Chain 8	Chain 9

An asterisk ( ) accompanying a parameter name indicates that there are subparameters available at that matrix location. The Load/ LED will light whenever an asterisk appears in the display. Press

Load/ to step to the next sub parameter. From any point the the matrix, press Up or Down together with Load/k to backstep to the previous parameter.

Selections of various system states and conditions are made in Control Mode. Press Control to enter this mode. The Control button LED will light to indicate that the mode is active. Note that Control Mode functions are not available when the Compare function is active.

The Control Mode matrix is shown above. Following are descriptions of each available selection.

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Basic Operation

Lexicon

ROW 0 AUDIO
0	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4
Audio	*Word Clock	Analog In Lvl	Dig In Lvl	Word Size	SCMS

0.50.6

Emphasis Bit Output Level

0.0 Word Clock

The PCM 81 can use its own internal clock as a timing reference, or it can reference an external clock source from the rear panel S/PDIF or AES jacks. Use ADJUST to select Ext XLR (AES), Ext Coax (S/PDIF), Int: 48kHz or Int: 44.1kHz. When either Internal rate is selected, the digital input is disabled. To process audio from the digital input, you must select Ext.

When External clock is selected, and the PCM 81 detects valid digital audio, the rate of the External word clock will be displayed with a label indicating the digital audio format type: Prf (Professional [AES]) or Cns (Consumer [S/PDIF]).

Audio	Word Clock		Audio	Word Clock
0.0 Ext:XLR Prf 48			0.0 Ext:Coax Cns 44.1

When the PCM 81 is receiving valid digital audio, selecting Word Clock will display the audio format and the rate of the incoming signal.

When External clock is selected, any loss of lock detected in the incoming digital audio, or reception of non-audio data will cause the PCM 81 to immediately mute the digital input, and switch to Internal clock at the sample rate of the last valid external signal. An error message will be displayed if this occurs. The PCM 81 will continuously try to re-establish lock, returning automatically to External clock if and when lock is confirmed.

The following types of errors are detected when the PCM 81 is set to Ext:

•No Lock: The PCM 81, at some point, lost lock to the

incoming digital audio signal. Digital audio input is muted.

•Out of Range: The sampling rate of the incoming audio

signal is outside of acceptable tolerance limits of +4%. Digital audio input is muted.

•Non Audio: Indicates transmission of non-audio data, such

as from a CD ROM. Digital audio input is muted.

Dig In Status

Pressing Load/ from Word Clock will display the current digital input status. This status display is continuously updated, acting as a real-time monitor of the PCM 81 digital input. This display is active even when the PCM 81 is set to Internal clock. Note that in the case of an AES Pro format signal, "Emp:Yes" means either CCITT or 50/15µs emphasis.

If valid digital audio is detected, the display will show the external clock rate and format information, along with the status of the Emphasis bit(s) in the incoming audio signal. If the PCM 81 has lost lock, the display message will indicate "No Lock" and parenthetically show the internal clock rate now in use.

Audio	Dig In Status		Audio	Dig In Status
0.0 Prf	44.1 Emp:Yes		0.0 No Lock (Int:44.1)

When the PCM 81 loses lock, it will mute the digital input and switch to Internal Clock.

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PCM 81

Basic Operation

Upon loss of lock, or reception of non-audio data, the PCM 81 will mute the digital input and display the following messages when Word Clock or Dig In Status is selected:

Word Clock	Dig In Status
Not Locked	No Lock (Int 44.1)
Out of Range	No Lock (Int 44.1)
Non Audio: 44.1	Non Audio: 44.1

Error Log

The following errors are continuously logged and are available for review by pressing Load/ from the Dig In Status display and using ADJUST to scroll through the error list:

•Validity: A Validity error indicates that the Validity bit

was set in a frame of incoming data and that the data attached to it may be corrupted. This bit may also be sent when the transmitting device is paused.

•Confidence: The PCM 81 is detecting excessive jitter or

noise on the digital audio line. No data has been corrupted, but corrective action should be taken.

•SlipSample: Indicates that a single sample is misaligned

with the window defined by the Word Clock. This may occur when an external master changes sample rate, or when it is just powering up, but should not occur in normal operation.

•CRC: Indicates a Cyclic Redundancy Check error in

the incoming data.

• Parity,	Indicate that at least one bit (and therefore at
Biphase:	least one audio sample) was corrupted.

Parity, Biphase, and Confidence errors are most often caused by inappropriate cabling. Be sure to use 75Ω video-grade cable, kept as short as possible — standard audio cable will not work reliably. Each error is reported by name, with the number of occurrences of that particular type of error.

The display might show, for example "CRC: 4752". As many as 9999 instances of each error can be shown. If the number of actual errors exceeds 9999, the display will indicate ">9999". A special symbol (n) before the error type indicates the most recently received error.

Press Load/ from the Dig In Status display and use ADJUST to scroll through the Error Log.

A typical Error Log display showing that the
last error received was a CRC error (■ CRC)	Audio	Error Log
and that there have been more than (>)	0.0	CRC >9999
9999 instances of CRC errors since Word
Clock was last set to Ext.

To clear the Error Log, reselect Ext from the Control Mode Word Clock display. This will cause the PCM 81 to attempt to lock to the current external source and will reset the Error Log. The log is also cleared on power up, and whenever it relocks (Auto Lock On).

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Basic Operation

Lexicon

0.1 Analog In Lvl

This is a master level control for analog left and right inputs. Use ADJUST to select values from 0-100%. If using only analog inputs, this should be 100% for best audio performance. Values between 0% and 100% are for mixing analog and digital sources.

Note:

If the analog signal being fed into the PCM 81 is too hot, turn it down by adjusting the front panel INPUT level control, or by changing the rear panel Input Gain switch. (See Setting Audio Levels in Chapter 1.)

0.2 Dig In Lvl

This is a master level control for the selected digital left and right input connector. Use ADJUST to select values from 0-100%. If using only digital inputs, this should be 100%, with Analog InLvl set to 0% for best audio performance. Values between 0% and 100% are for mixing analog and digital sources.

Note:

Only one digital input connector can be active: XLR (AES/EBU) or Coax (S/PDIF).

If digital audio is interrupted by lock or range errors, or by transmission of non-audio data, the digital input will be muted. Whenever this occurs, the PCM 81 remains functional, while an error message, such as those shown at the top of the next column, is displayed.

Error : Lock		Error : Out of Range
(Press any button)		(Press any button)

Error : Non Audio (Press any button)

Any such message will remain on the display until you dismiss it by pressing any front panel button. If the condition causing the error is corrected, and the digital input is unmuted, the message will still remain until you dismiss it to ensure that you are informed of a condition that has muted digital audio, even if only for a brief period of time. Once the message is dismissed, the display will return to its previous state.

Some errors detected in an incoming digital audio signal will cause the PCM 81 to mute the digital input. When this happens, the Dig In Lvl display will show both the level you selected, and the fact that the signal is muted.

Audio

Dig In Lvl

0.2 30% (Muted)

If you select the Dig In Lvl parameter while there is a lock, range, or non-audio error, the display will continue to show the level you have selected, and parenthetically show that the signal has been muted.

Note, if Word Clock is set to Int, Dig In Lvl is disabled. You must select Ext to process digital audio.

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