JVC RX-558 User Manual

FM/MW/LW RECEIVER

UKW/MW/LW-RECEIVER

AMPLI/TUNER FM/PO/GO

FM/MG/LG TUNER/VERSTERKER

RECEPTOR FM/MW/LW

RICEVITORE MF/OM/OL

RX-558RBK

CD	TV		VCR	AUDIO
TAPE/MD	DELAY		TEST	SURROUND
	1		2 5	3
FM/AM	EFFECT		– CENTER +
	4	5	5	6	5
VCR			– REAR•L +
	7/P		8 5	9
DVD	SOUND			MENU
	CONTROL		– REAR•R +
			10	+10
DVD MULTI	CD-DISC		TV VOL.		ENT
			–	+				MASTER VOLUME
					RX-558R	FM/MW/LW RECEIVER
PHONO	TV/VIDEO		TV CH				–	+
			–	+
ONE TOUCH					STANDBY
OPERATION						BASS BOOST	ADJUST

++

			PTY SEARCH	DISPLAY MODE
MUTING	VOLUME	VCR CH	/I	SETTING
	–	–	ECN	TA/NEWS/INFO
	£PTY SEARCH		STANDBY/ON
SLEEP				MEMORY

8

4	4
1	1
PTY –	7 DISPLAY + PTY

DVD MULTI

DVD

VCR

FM

SURROUND

						ONE TOUCH OPERATION
RM-SR558RU REMOTE CONTROL		SPEAKERS	CD	PHONO	TAPE/MD	AM
PHONES	1	2				INPUT ATT.
					SOURCE NAME
	_ON —OFF					ENHANCED COMPULINK CONTROL SYSTEM

INSTRUCTIONS

BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG MANUEL D’INSTRUCTIONS

GEBRUIKSAANWIJZING MANUAL DE INSTRUCCIONES

ISTRUZIONI

For Customer Use:

Enter below the Model No. and Serial No. which are located either on the rear, bottom or side of the cabinet. Retain this information for future reference.

Model No.

Serial No.

LVT0141-004A

[E]

Warnings, Cautions and Others/Warnung, Achtung und sonstige Hinweise/ Mises en garde, précautions et indications diverses/Waarschuwingen, voorzorgen en andere mededelingen/Avisos, precauciones y otras notas/ Avvertenze e precauzioni da osservare

IMPORTANT for the U.K.

DO NOT cut off the mains plug from this equipment. If the plug fitted is not suitable for the power points in your home or the cable is too short to reach a power point, then obtain an appropriate safety approved extension lead or consult your dealer.

BE SURE to replace the fuse only with an identical approved type, as originally fitted.

If nonetheless the mains plug is cut off ensure to remove the fuse and dispose of the plug immediately, to avoid a possible shock hazard by inadvertent connection to the mains supply.

If this product is not supplied fitted with a mains plug then follow the instructions given below:

IMPORTANT.

DO NOT make any connection to the terminal which is marked with the letter E or by the safety earth symbol or coloured green or green-and-yellow.

The wires in the mains lead on this product are coloured in accordance with the following code:

Blue : Neutral

Brown : Live

As these colours may not correspond with the coloured markings identifying the terminals in your plug proceed as follows:

The wire which is coloured blue must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter N or coloured black.

The wire which is coloured brown must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter L or coloured red.

IF IN DOUBT - CONSULT A COMPETENT ELECTRICIAN.

Per I’ltalia:

“Si dichiara che il questo prodotto di marca JVC è conforme alle prescrizioni del Decreto Ministeriale n.548 del 28/08/95 pubblicato sulla Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana n.301 del 28/12/95.”

Caution –– STANDBY/ON switch!

Disconnect the mains plug to shut the power off completely. The STANDBY/ON switch in any position does not disconnect the mains line. The power can be remote controlled.

Achtung –– STANDBY/ON -Schalter!

Den Netzstecker aus der Steckdose ziehen, um die Stromversorgung vollkommen zu unterbrechen. Der Schalter STANDBY/ON unterbrichet in keiner Stellung die Stromversorgung vollkommen. Die Stromversorgung kann mit der Fernbedienung einund ausgeschaltet werden.

Attention –– Commutateur STANDBY/ON !

Déconnecter la fiche de secteur pour couper complètement le courant. Le commutateur STANDBY/ON ne coupe jamais complètement la ligne de secteur, quelle que soit sa position. Le courant peut être télécommandé.

Voorzichtig –– STANDBY/ON schakelaar!

Om de stroomtoevoer geheel uit te schakelen, trekt u de stekker uit het stopkontakt. Anders zal er altijd een geringe hoeveelheid stroom naar het apparaat lopen, ongeacht de stand van de STANDBY/ON schakelaar. U kunt het apparaat ook met de afstandsbediening aanen uitschakelen.

Precaución –– Interruptor STANDBY/ON !

Desconectar el cable de alimentación para desactivar la alimentación totalmente. Cualquier que sea la posición de ajuste del interruptor STANDBY/ON , la alimentación no es cortada completamente. La alimentación puede ser controlada remotamente.

Attenzione –– L’interruttore STANDBY/ON !

Disinserire la spina del cavo di alimentazione dalla presa della rete elettrica per staccare completamente l’alimentazione. L’interruttore STANDBY/ON in nessuna posizione stacca la linea di alimentazione elettrica principale. È possibile il controllo remoto dell’alimentazione.

CAUTION

To reduce the risk of electrical shocks, fire, etc.:

1.Do not remove screws, covers or cabinet.

2.Do not expose this appliance to rain or moisture.

ACHTUNG

Zur Verhinderung von elektrischen Schlägen, Brandgefahr, usw:

1.Keine Schrauben lösen oder Abdeckungen enternen und nicht das Gehäuse öffnen.

2.Dieses Gerät weder Regen noch Feuchtigkeit aussetzen.

ATTENTION

Afin d’éviter tout risque d’électrocution, d’incendie, etc.:

1.Ne pas enlever les vis ni les panneaux et ne pas ouvrir le coffret de l’appareil.

2.Ne pas exposer l’appareil à la pluie ni à l’humidité.

VOORZICHTIG

Ter vermindering van gevaar voor brand, elektrische schokken, enz.:

1.Verwijder geen schroeven, panelen of de behuizing.

2.Stel dit toestel niet bloot aan regen of vocht.

PRECAUCIÓN

Para reducir riesgos de choques eléctricos, incendio, etc.:

1.No extraiga los tornillos, los cubiertas ni la caja.

2.No exponga este aparato a la lluvia o a la humedad.

ATTENZIONE

Per ridurre il rischio di scosse elettriche, incendi, ecc...

1.Non togliere viti, coperchi o la scatola.

2.Non esporre l’apparecchio alla piogggia e all’umidità.

G-1

Caution: Proper Ventilation

To avoide risk of electric shock and fire and to protect from damage. Locate the apparatus as follows:

Front:	No obstructions open spacing.
Sides:	No obstructions in 10 cm from the sides.
Top:	No obstructions in 10 cm from the top.
Back:	No obstructions in 15 cm from the back
Bottom:	No obstructions, place on the level surface.

In addition, maintain the best possible air circulation as illustrated.

Achtung: Angemessene Ventilation

Stellen Sie das Gerät zur Verhütung von elektrischem Schlag und

Feuer und zum Schutz gegen Beschädigung wie folgt auf:

Vorderseite: Offener Platz ohne Hindernisse.

Seiten: Keine Hindernisse innerhalb 10 cm von den Seiten.

Oberseite: Keine Hindernisse innerhalb 10 cm von der Oberseite.

Rückseite: Keine Hindernisse innerhalb 15 cm von der Rückseite. Unterseite: Keine Hindernisse. Auf eine ebene Oberfläche stellen.

Zusätzlich die bestmögliche Luftzirkulation wie gezeigt erhalten.

Attention: Ventilation Correcte

Pour éviter les chocs électriques, l’incendie et tout autre dégât.

Disposer l’appareil en tenant compte des impératifs suivants

Avant:	Rien ne doit gêner le dégagement
Flancs:	Laisser 10 cm de dégagement latéral
Dessus:	Laisser 10 cm de dégagement supérieur
Arrière:	Laisser 15 cm de dégagement arrière
Dessous:	Rien ne doit obstruer par dessous; poser l’appareil sur
	une surface plate.

Veiller également à ce que l’air circule le mieux possible comme illustré.

Voorzichtig: Zorg Voor Goede Ventilatie

Om gevaar voor brand of een elektrische schok te voorkomen, dient u bij opstelling van het apparaat op de volgende punten te letten:

Voorkant:	Voldoende ruimte vrij houden.
Zijkanten:	Minstens 10 cm aan weerszijden vrij houden.
Bovenkant:	Niets bovenop plaatsen; 10 cm speling geven.

Achterkant: Minstens 15 cm ruimte achteraan vrij houden.

Onderkant: Opstellen op een egaal horizontaal oppervlak. Bovendien moet er rondom voldoende luchtdoorstroming zijn, zoals in de afbeelding aangegeven.

Precaución: Ventilación Adecuada

Para evitar el riesgo de choque eléctrico e incendio y para proteger el aparato contra daños.

Ubique el aparato de la siguiente manera:

Frente:	Espacio abierto sin obstrucciones
Lados:	10 cm sin obstrucciones a los lados
Parte superior:	10 cm sin obstrucciones en la parte superior
Parte trasera:	15 cm sin obstrucciones en la parte trasera
Fondo:	Sin obstrucciones, colóquelo sobre una superficie
	nivelada

Además, mantenga la mejor circulación de aire posible como se ilustra.

Attenzione: Problemi di Ventilazione

Per evitare il rischio di folgorazioni ed incendi e proteggere l’unità da danni, installarla nel modo seguente.

Davanti:	Nessun ostacolo, spazio libero
Lati:	Nessun ostacolo per almeno 10 cm
Sopra:	Nessun ostacolo per almeno 10 cm
Retro:	Nessun ostacolo per almeno 15 cm
Fondo:	Libero ed in piano

Inoltre, mantenere il più possibile la circolazione dell’aria.

Spacing 15 cm or more Abstand von 15 cm oder mehr Dégagement de 15 cm ou plus Minstens 15 cm tussenruimte Espacio de 15 cm o más

15 cm di distanza o più

RX-558RBK

Wall or obstructions

Wand oder Hindernisse

Mur, ou obstruction

Wand of meubilair

Pared u obstrucciones

Parete o ostacol

Floor

Boden

Plancher

Vloer

Piso

Pavimento

Front

Vorderseite

Avant

Voorkant

Frente

Davanti

Stand height 15 cm or more Standhöhe 15 cm oder mehr Hauteur du socle: 15 cm ou plus

Standard op minstens 15 cm van de vloer Allura del soporte 15 cm o más

Altezza del tavolino 15 cm p plù

English

Deutsch

Français

Nederlands

Español

Italiano

G-2

English

Table of Contents
Parts Identification ......................................	2
Getting Started...........................................	3
Before Installation ......................................................................	3
Checking the Supplied Accessories ...........................................	3
Connecting the FM and AM (MW/LW) Antennas .....................	3
Connecting the Speakers ............................................................	4
Connecting Other Components ..................................................	5
Connecting the Power Cord .......................................................	7
Putting Batteries in the Remote Control ....................................	7
Basic Operations .........................................	8
Turning the Power On and Off (Standby) ..................................	8
Selecting the Source to Play .......................................................	8
Adjusting the Volume .................................................................	9
Selecting the Front Speakers ......................................................	9
Muting the Sound .......................................................................	9
Recording a Source ....................................................................	9
Attenuating the Input Signal ....................................................	10
Adjusting the Front Speaker Output Balance ...........................	10
Reinforcing the Bass ................................................................	10
Adjusting the Tone ...................................................................	10
Basic Settings ...........................................	11
Changing the Source Name ......................................................	11
Setting Center and Rear Speakers for the DSP Modes ............	11
Storing the Basic Settings and Adjustments — One Touch
Operation ...........................................................................	12
Using the Sleep Timer ..............................................................	12
Receiving Radio Broadcasts ........................	13
Tuning in Stations Manually ....................................................	13
Using Preset Tuning .................................................................	13
Selecting the FM Reception Mode ...........................................	14
Using the RDS (Radio Data System) to Receive FM Stations ...	14
Searching for a Program by PTY Codes ..................................	15
Switching to a Broadcast Program of Your Choice
Temporarily ........................................................................	16
Using the DSP Modes ................................	17
Available DSP Modes According to the Speaker Arrangement ..	18
Adjusting the 3D-PHONIC Modes ..........................................	19
Adjusting the DAP Modes .......................................................	19
Adjusting the Surround Modes — Dolby Surround and JVC
Theater Surround ...............................................................	20
Activating the DSP Modes .......................................................	21
Using the DVD MULTI Playback Mode ..........	22
Activating the DVD MULTI Playback Mode ..........................	22
COMPU LINK Remote Control System .........	23
Operating Other Components .....................	24
Troubleshooting .........................................	26
Specifications............................................	27

1

Parts Identification

Become familiar with the buttons and controls on the receiver before use.

Refer to the pages in parentheses for details.

1	2	3	4 5 6 7 8 9 p	q
				MASTER VOLUME
RX-558R	FM/MW/LW RECEIVER
			–	+
STANDBY
			BASS BOOST ADJUST
	PTY SEARCH DISPLAY MODE

/I

SETTING

EON TA/NEWS/INFO

STANDBY/ON

MEMORY

		DVD MULTI	DVD	VCR	FM	SURROUND
						ONE TOUCH OPERATION
	SPEAKERS	CD	PHONO	TAPE/MD	AM
PHONES	1	2				INPUT ATT.
				SOURCE NAME
	_ON —OFF					ENHANCED COMPULINK CONTROL SYSTEM

English

u y

t

r

e

w

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

CD	TV		VCR	AUDIO
TAPE/MD	DELAY		TEST	SURROUND
	1		2 5	3
FM/AM	EFFECT		– CENTER +
	4	5	5	6	5
VCR			– REAR•L +
	7/P		8 5	9
DVD	SOUND			MENU
	CONTROL		– REAR•R +
			10	+10
DVD MULTI	CD-DISC				ENT
			TV VOL.
			–	+
PHONO	TV/VIDEO		TV CH
			–	+
ONE TOUCH
OPERATION
		+		+
MUTING		VOLUME		VCR CH
		–		–

£PTY SEARCH

SLEEP

8

4	4
1	1
PTY –	7 DISPLAY + PTY

RM-SR558RU REMOTE CONTROL

Front Panel

1STANDBY/ON button and STANDBY lamp (8)

2RDS operation buttons (14)

PTY SEARCH, DISPLAY MODE, EON, TA/ NEWS/INFO

83 Display (8)

4 SURROUND button (18)

95 ONE TOUCH OPERATION button and lamp

p(12)

q6 Remote sensor (7)

w 7 BASS BOOST lamp (10)

e8 ADJUST button (10) *

r9 SETTING button (11) * p MEMORY button (13)

q MASTER VOLUME control (9) w Cursor control buttons

e INPUT ATT. button and lamp (10) r SOURCE NAME button (11)

t Source selecting buttons (8)

DVD MULTI, DVD, VCR, FM*, AM*, TAPE/MD, PHONO, CD

y SPEAKERS 1/2 buttons (9) u PHONES jack (9)

Remote Control

1 buttons (8, 25) TV, VCR, AUDIO

2Source selecting buttons (8)

CD, TAPE/MD, FM/AM, VCR, DVD, DVD MULTI, PHONO

3 ONE TOUCH OPERATION button (12)

4 VOLUME +/– buttons (9)

5 MUTING button (9)

6 SLEEP button (12)

7 • Operating buttons for audio/video components

(24)

• RDS operation buttons (14)

PTY SEARCH, PTY +/–, DISPLAY

8• 10 keys for selecting preset channel (13, 24)

•10 keys for adjusting sound (12, 19, 24)

•10 keys for operating audio/video components

(24)

9 SOUND CONTROL button (12, 19, 24) p TV VOL. –/+ buttons (25)

q CD-DISC button (24) w TV CH –/+ buttons (25) e TV/VIDEO button (25)

r VCR CH +/– buttons (25)

IMPORTANT:

To use the Cursor control buttons (w) on the front panel:

What these buttons actually do depends on which function you are trying to adjust. Before using these buttons, select the function by pressing one of the buttons marked with *.

2

English

Getting Started

This section explains how to connect audio/video components and speakers to the receiver, and how to connect the power supply.

Before Installation

General

•Be sure your hands are dry.

•Turn the power off to all components.

•Read the manuals supplied with the components you are going to connect.

Locations

•Install the receiver in a location that is level and protected from moisture.

•The temperature around the receiver must be between –5˚ and 35˚ C (23˚ and 95˚ F).

•Make sure there is good ventilation around the receiver. Poor ventilation could cause overheating and damage the receiver.

Handling the receiver

•Do not insert any metal object into the receiver.

•Do not disassemble the receiver or remove screws, covers, or cabinet.

•Do not expose the receiver to rain or moisture.

Connecting the FM and AM (MW/LW)

Antennas

FM Antenna Connections

A	ANTENNA	75	B	ANTENNA	75
		FM			FM
		COAXIAL			COAXIAL
	AM	AM		AM	AM
		EXT			EXT
	LOOP			LOOP

FM Antenna

Extend the supplied FM antenna horizontally.

ANTENNA

FM 75

COAXIAL

Checking the Supplied Accessories

Check to be sure you have all of the following items, which are supplied with the receiver.

The number in the parentheses indicates quantity of the pieces supplied.

•Remote Control (1)

•Batteries (2)

•AM (MW/LW) Loop Antenna (1)

•FM Antenna (1)

If anything is missing, contact your dealer immediately.

AM	Outside FM Antenna Cable

LOOP

AM

EXT

A. Using the Supplied FM Antenna

The FM antenna provided can be connected to the FM 75Ω COAXIAL terminal as temporary measure.

B. Using the Standard Type Connector (Not Supplied)

A standard type connector (IEC or DIN45325) should be connected to the FM 75Ω COAXIAL terminal.

Note:

If reception is poor, connect the outside antenna.

Before attaching a 75Ω coaxial cable (the kind with a round wire going to an outside antenna), disconnect the supplied FM antenna.

3

AM (MW/LW) Antenna Connections Basic connecting procedure

	Snap the tabs on the loop into the	1	2	3
ANTENNA
	slots of the base to assemble the
FM 75
	AM (MW/LW) loop.
COAXIAL

English

AM

LOOP

AM

EXT AM (MW/LW) Loop Antenna

1

2

3

Outdoor single vinyl-covered wire

Turn the loop until you have the best reception.

Notes:

•Make sure the antenna conductors do not touch any other terminals, connecting cords and power cord. This could cause poor reception.

•If reception is poor, connect an outdoor single vinyl-covered wire to the AM EXT terminal. (Keep the AM (MW/LW) loop antenna connected.)

Connecting the Speakers

You can connect the following speakers:

•Two pairs of front speakers to produce normal stereo sound.

•One pair of rear speakers to enjoy the surround effect.

•One center speaker to produce more effective surround effect (to emphasize human voices).

•One subwoofer to enhance the bass.

IMPORTANT:

After connecting the speakers listed above, set the speaker setting information properly to obtain the best possible DSP effect. For details, see page 11.

For each speaker (except for a subwoofer), connect the (–) and (+) terminals on the rear panel to the (–) and (+) terminals marked on the speakers. For connecting a subwoofer, see page 5.

CAUTION:

Use speakers with the SPEAKER IMPEDANCE indicated by the speaker terminals.

1Cut, twist and remove the insulation at the end of each speaker signal cable.

2Open the terminal and then insert the speaker signal cable.

3Close the terminal.

Connecting the front speakers

You can connect two pairs of front speakers (one pair to the FRONT SPEAKERS 1 terminals, and another pair to the FRONT SPEAKERS 2 terminals).

Right speaker		FRONT SPEAKERS 1		Left speaker

FRONT SPEAKERS

RIGHT LEFT

1	1
2	2

Right speaker		FRONT SPEAKERS 2		Left speaker

4

English

Connecting the rear and center speakers
	Turntable
Connect rear speakers to the REAR SPEAKERS terminals and a
center speaker to the CENTER SPEAKER terminals.				If an earth cable is
				provided for your
			ANTENNA
				turntable, connect the

cable to the ground terminal (H) of the ANTENNA terminals on the rear panel.

				Turntable	AM	PHONO	CD	AUDIO	TAPE/MD
Center speaker		CENTER	RIGHT	LEFT	LOOP
						EXT
		SPEAKER
						AM
Left rear	Right rear			REAR
speaker	speaker					R
				SPEAKERS
								OUT	IN
								(REC)	(PLAY)
					To audio output

Connecting the subwoofer speaker

You can enhance the bass by connecting a subwoofer. Connect the input jack of a powered subwoofer to the SUBWOOFER OUT jack on the rear panel, using a cable with RCA pin plugs.

SUBWOOFER

OUT

Powered subwoofer

Connecting Other Components

You can connect the following audio/video components to this receiver using cables with RCA pin plugs (not supplied). Refer also to the manuals supplied with your components.

Use the cables with RCA pin plugs (not supplied).

Connect the white plug to the audio left jack, and the red plug to the audio right jack.

Audio component connections

CAUTION:

If you connect a sound-enhancing device such as a graphic equalizer between the source components and this receiver, the sound output through this receiver may be distorted.

Note:

Any turntables incorporating a small-output cartridge such as an MC (moving-coil type) must be connected to this receiver through a commercial head amplifier or step-up transformer. Direct connection may result in insufficient volume.

CD player

CD player	PHONO	CD AUDIO	TAPE/MD
	L
	R
To audio output		OUT	IN
		(REC)	(PLAY)

5

Cassette deck or MD recorder

Cassette deck

To audio input

To audio output

PHONO CD AUDIO TAPE/MD

L

R

OUT	IN
(REC)	(PLAY)

To audio input To audio output MD recorder

Note:

You can connect either a cassette deck or an MD recorder to the TAPE/MD jacks. When connecting an MD recorder to the TAPE/MD jacks, change the source name, which will be shown on the display when selected as the source, to “M D.” See page 11 for details.

If your audio components have a COMPU LINK-3 terminal

See also page 23 for detailed information about the connection and the COMPU LINK-3 remote control system.

Video component connections

You can connect the following video components to this receiver.

• You can reproduce only the sound from the video equipment through this receiver.

VCR

To video output	To video input
TV (or VCR)
	VCR
OUT	IN
(REC)	(PLAY)
	LEFT

	RIGHT
	AUDIO
To audio	To audio
input	output
	VHS
To video input	To video output
	VCR

DVD player

• When you connect the DVD player with stereo output jacks:

DVD player

DVD

Åı

		Ç
		DVD
	FRONT	CENTER REAR
	L	TV (or VCR)
		LEFT
	R	RIGHT
		SUBWOOFER

ÅTo front left/right channel audio output (or to audio mixed output if necessary)

ı To video output Ç To video input

• When you connect the DVD player with its analog discrete output (5.1 CH reproduction) jacks:

DVD player

DVD

Å	ı	Ç Î Ï
			‰
	DVD
FRONT	CENTER	REAR
L		LEFT	TV (or VCR)
R		RIGHT
	SUBWOOFER

Å To front left/right channel audio output ı To center channel audio output

Ç To subwoofer audio output Î To video output

‰ To video input

Ï To rear left/right channel audio output

English

6

English

Connecting the Power Cord

Before plugging the receiver into an AC outlet, make sure that all connections have been made.

Plug the power cord into an AC outlet.

Keep the power cord away from the connecting cables and the antenna. The power cord may cause noise or screen interference. We recommend that you use a coaxial cable to connect the antenna, since it is well-shielded against interference.

Note:

The preset settings such as preset channels and sound adjustment may be erased in a few days in the following cases:

–When you unplug the power cord.

–When a power failure occurs.

CAUTIONS:

•Do not touch the power cord with wet hands.

•Do not pull on the power cord to unplug the cord. When unplugging the cord, always grasp the plug so as not to damage the cord.

Putting Batteries in the Remote Control

Before using the remote control, put two supplied batteries first. When using the remote control, aim the remote control directly at the remote sensor on the receiver.

1.On the back of the remote control, remove the battery cover as illustrated.

2.Insert batteries. Make sure to observe the proper polarity: (+) to (+) and (–) to (–).

R6P (SUM-3)/AA (15F)

3. Replace the cover.

If the range or effectiveness of the remote control decreases, replace the batteries. Use two R6P (SUM-3)/AA (15F) type dry-cell batteries.

CAUTION:

Follow these precautions to avoid leaking or cracking cells:

•Place batteries in the remote control so they match the polarity indicated: (+) to (+) and (–) to (–).

•Use the correct type of batteries. Batteries that look similar may differ in voltage.

•Always replace both batteries at the same time.

•Do not expose batteries to heat or flame.

7