heidenhain TNC 124 User Manual
July 2004
User's Manual
TNC Guideline:
From workpiece drawing to
program-controlled machining
Step Task TNC operating Starting
mode on page
Preparation
1 Select tools
2 Set workpiece datum for
coordinate system
3 Determine spindle speeds
and feed rates as desired 107, 116
4 Switch on TNC and machine 17
5 Cross over reference marks 17
6 Clamp workpiece
7 Set datum /
Reset position display ...
7a ... with the probing functions 33
7b ... without the probing functions 31
Entering and testing part programs
8 Enter part program or
download over external
data interface 59
9 Test run: Run part program
block by block without tool 103
10 If necessary: Optimize
part program 59
Machining the workpiece
12 Insert tool and
run part program 105
Screen
MOD
INFO HELP
7
8 9
4 5 6
1 2 3
–
0
ENT
CE
+
´
Y
–
Z
´
´
–
+
X
X
–
´
Y
+
Z
100
150
50
F %
GOTO
NC
I
I
NC
0
0
HEIDENHAIN
Operating
mode or
function
Plain language
dialog line
Operating mode symbols (current mode is
highlighted)
Soft-key row
(with 5 soft
keys)
Input line
Tool number
and tool axis
Spindle brake
Screen in the operating modes
PROGRAMMING AND
EDITING and
PROGRAM RUN
Current
block
Spindle speed
Feed rate
Soft keys
Selected
datum
Miscellaneous
function M
Current
positions
Status line
Controlling machine functions
MOD
INFO HELP
7
8 9
4 5 6
1 2 3
–
0
ENT
CE
+
´
Y
–
Z
´
´
–
+
X
X
–
´
Y
+
Z
100
150
50
F %
GOTO
NC
I
I
NC
0
0
HEIDENHAIN
Power supply
Counterclockwise
spindle rotation
EMERGENCY STOP
Spindle brake
Clockwise
spindle rotation
50
100
Symbol for
soft-key row
+
´
Y
–
Z
´
+
X
–
Y
Z
´
–
X
´
+
150
F %
Machine axis
direction keys;
Rapid traverse
key
Feed rate
override
Coolant
Release tool
Selecting functions and programming
MOD
INFO HELP
7
8 9
4 5 6
1 2 3
–
0
ENT
CE
+
´
Y
–
Z
´
´
–
+
X
X
–
´
Y
+
Z
100
150
50
F %
GOTO
NC
I
I
NC
0
0
HEIDENHAIN
5 soft keys
(functions vary
according to
associated fields
on screen)
Change parameters
and settings
MOD
INFO HELP
7 8 9
4 5 6
1 2 3
Select or deselect
INFO functions
Select or deselect
HELP screens
Numeric input keys
0
Clear entries or
error messages
Page through indi-
vidual soft-key rows
Access program blocks to
make changes, or switch
operating parameters
Selecting operating modes; Start or stop NC and spindle
MOD
INFO HELP
7
8 9
4 5 6
1 2 3
–
0
ENT
CE
+
´
Y
–
Z
´
´
–
+
X
X
–
´
Y
+
Z
100
150
50
F %
GOTO
NC
I
I
NC
0
0
HEIDENHAIN
OPERATION
POSITIONING WITH
MANUAL
CE
MDI
–
ENT
GOTO
PROGRAM RUN
Change sign
Confirm entry
Incremental
dimensions
Return to previous
soft-key level
Go to program block
or operating parameter
Select programs
and program blocks
PROGRAMMING AND
EDITING
Spindle ON
Spindle OFF
I
I
NC
NC
0
0
Start NC
I key)
(NC-
Stop NC
Contents
Software Version................................................................................................. 7
TNC 124.............................................................................................................. 7
About This Manual .............................................................................................. 8
Special Notes in this Manual .............................................................................. 9
TNC Accessories .............................................................................................. 10
1 Fundamentals of Positioning ................................................... 11
Coordinate system and coordinate axes ........................................................... 11
Datums and positions ....................................................................................... 12
Machine axis movements and position feedback ............................................... 14
Angular positions .............................................................................................. 15
2 Working with the TNC 124 First Steps ..................................17
Before you start ................................................................................................ 17
Switch-on .......................................................................................................... 17
Operating modes .............................................................................................. 18
HELP, MOD and INFO functions ....................................................................... 18
Selecting soft-key functions .............................................................................. 19
Symbols on the TNC screen ............................................................................. 19
On-screen operating instructions ....................................................................... 20
Error messages ................................................................................................ 21
Selecting the unit of measurement .................................................................... 21
Selecting position display types........................................................................ 22
Traverse limits ................................................................................................... 22
3 Manual Operation and Setup .................................................... 23
Feed rate F, spindle speed S and miscellaneous function M ............................. 23
Moving the machine axes .................................................................................. 25
Entering tool length and radius .......................................................................... 28
Calling the tool data .......................................................................................... 29
Selecting datum points ..................................................................................... 30
Datum setting: Approaching positions and entering actual values...................... 31
Functions for datum setting ............................................................................... 33
Measuring diameters and distances .................................................................. 33
4 Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI) ................................ 38
Before you machine the workpiece .................................................................... 38
Taking the tool radius into account .................................................................... 38
Feed rate F, spindle speed S and miscellaneous function M ............................. 39
Entering and moving to positions ....................................................................... 41
Pecking and tapping ......................................................................................... 43
Hole patterns .................................................................................................... 48
Bolt hole circle patterns .................................................................................... 49
Linear hole patterns .......................................................................................... 53
Rectangular pocket milling ................................................................................ 57
5 Programming ............................................................................. 59
Operating mode PROGRAMMING AND EDITING ............................................. 59
Entering a program number ............................................................................... 60
Deleting programs ............................................................................................. 60
Editing programs ............................................................................................... 61
Contents
Editing program blocks ..................................................................................... 62
Editing existing programs .................................................................................. 63
Deleting program blocks ................................................................................... 64
Feed rate F, spindle speed S and miscellaneous function M ............................ 65
Entering program interruptions .......................................................................... 67
Calling the tool data in a program ...................................................................... 68
Calling datum points ......................................................................................... 69
Entering dwell time ........................................................................................... 70
6 Programming Workpiece Positions .........................................71
Entering workpiece positions ............................................................................ 71
Transferring positions: Teach-In mode ............................................................... 73
7 Drilling, Milling Cycles and Hole Patterns in Programs ..........77
Entering a cycle call ......................................................................................... 78
Drilling cycles in programs ................................................................................ 78
Hole patterns in programs ................................................................................. 85
Rectangular pockets in programs ...................................................................... 91
8 Subprograms and Program Section Repeats ......................... 94
Subprograms .................................................................................................... 95
Program section repeats ................................................................................... 97
9 Transferring Files Over the Data Interface ............................. 100
Transferring a program into the TNC ................................................................ 100
Reading a program out of the TNC .................................................................. 101
Transferring tool tables and datum tables ........................................................ 102
10 Executing programs ................................................................ 103
Single block .................................................................................................... 104
Full sequence ................................................................................................. 105
Interrupting program run .................................................................................. 105
11 Positioning Non-Controlled Axes........................................... 106
12 Cutting Data Calculator, Stopwatch and
Pocket Calculator: The INFO Functions ................................107
Cutting data: Calculate spindle speed S and feed rate F ................................. 108
Stopwatch ....................................................................................................... 109
Pocket calculator functions ............................................................................. 109
13 User Parameters: The MOD Function ....................................111
Entering user parameters ................................................................................ 111
TNC 124 user parameters ............................................................................... 112
14 Tables, Overviews and Diagrams........................................... 113
Miscellaneous functions (M functions) ............................................................. 113
Pin layout and connecting cable for the data interface ..................................... 115
Diagram for machining .................................................................................... 116
Technical information ...................................................................................... 117
Accessories .................................................................................................... 118
Subject Index ........................................................................... 119
Software Version
This User's Manual is for TNC 124 models with the following software
version:
The x's can be any numbers.
For detailed technical information refer to the Technical
Manual for the TNC 124.
NC and PLC software numbers
The NC and PLC software numbers of your unit are displayed on the
TNC screen after switch-on.
Location of use
The TNC complies with the limits for a Class A device in accordance
with the specifications in EN 55022, and is intended for use primarily
in industrially-zoned areas.
TNC 124
Progr. 246 xxx-16.
TNC family
What is NC? NC stands for Numerical Control, that is, control of a
machine tool by means of numbers. Modern controls such as the
TNC have a built-in computer for this purpose and are therefore called
CNC (Computerized Numerical Control).
From the very beginning, the TNCs from HEIDENHAIN were developed specifically for shop-floor programming by the machinist. This
is why they are called TNC, or Touch Numerical Controls.
The TNC 124 is a straight cut control for boring machines and milling
machines with up to three axes. It also features position display of a
fourth axis.
Conversational programming
Workpiece machining is defined in a part program. It contains a
complete list of instructions for machining a part, for example, the
target position coordinates, the feed rate and the spindle speed.
You begin programming each machining step by simply pressing a
key or soft key. The TNC then asks for all the information that it
needs to execute the step.
TNC 124 7
About This Manual
If you're new to TNC, you can use the operating instructions as a
step-by-step workbook. This part begins with a short introduction to
the basics of coordinate systems and position feedback, and provides an overview of the available features. Each feature is explained
in detail, using an example so you won't get lost too deeply in
the theory. As a beginner you should work through all the examples
presented.
The examples are intentionally brief; it generally won't take you
longer than 10 minutes to enter the example data.
If you're already proficient with TNC, you can use the operating
instructions as a comprehensive review and reference guide. The
clear layout and the subject index make it easy to find the desired
topics.
Dialog flowcharts
Dialog flowcharts are used for each example in this manual.
They are laid out as follows:
The operating mode is indicated above the first dialog flowchart.
This area shows the
keys to press.
This area shows the key function or work step.
If necessary, supplementary information will also be included.
Prompt
This area shows the
keys to press.
A prompt appears with some actions (not always) at the top of the
screen.
If two flowcharts are divided by a broken line, and words by or,
this means that you can follow either of the instructions.
Some flowcharts also show the screen that will appear after you
press the correct keys.
Abbreviated flowcharts
Abbreviated flowcharts supplement the examples and explanations.
An arrow ( ä ) indicates a new input or a work step.
This area shows the key function or work step.
If necessary, supplementary information will also be included.
If there is an arrow at the end of the flowchart, this means that it
continues on the next page.
8 TNC 124
Special Notes in this Manual
Particularly important information is presented separately in shaded
boxes. Be sure to carefully pay attention to these notes. If you ignore these notes your TNC may not function as required, or damage
the workpiece or tool.
Symbols used in the notes
Each note is identified by a symbol to the left. Your manual uses
three different symbols which have the following meanings:
General note,
e.g., indicating the behavior of the control.
Note with reference to the machine manufacturer,
e.g., indicating that a specific function must be enabled
for your machine tool.
Important note,
e.g., indicating that a special tool is required for the
function.
TNC 124 9
TNC Accessories
Electronic handwheel
Electronic handwheels facilitate precise manual control of the axis
slides. Like a conventional machine tool, the machine slide moves in
direct relation to the rotation of the handwheel. A wide range of
traverses per handwheel revolution is available.
The HR 410 Electronic Handwheel
10 TNC 124
1 Fundamentals of Positioning
1
Fundamentals of Positioning
Coordinate system and coordinate axes
Reference system
In order to define positions on a surface, a reference system is
required. For example, positions on the earth's surface can be
defined absolutely by their geographic coordinates of longitude and
latitude. The term coordinate comes from the Latin word for that
which is arranged. In contrast to the relative definition of a position
that is referenced to a known location, the network of horizontal and
vertical lines on the globe constitutes an absolute reference system.
The Greenwich observatory illustrated in Fig. 1.1 is located at 0° longitude, and the equator at 0° latitude.
0° 90°90°
Greenwich
60°
30°
0°
30°
60°
Cartesian coordinate system
On a TNC-controlled milling or drilling machine tool, workpieces are
normally machined according to a workpiece-based Cartesian coordinate system (a rectangular coordinate system named after the
French mathematician and philosopher Renatus Cartesius, who lived
from 1596 to 1650). The Cartesian coordinate system is based on
three coordinate axes designated X, Y and Z which are parallel to the
machine guideways.
The figure to the right illustrates the right-hand rule for remembering
the three axis directions: the middle finger is pointing in the positive
direction of the tool axis from the workpiece toward the tool (the Z
axis), the thumb is pointing in the positive X direction, and the index
finger in the positive Y direction.
Axis designations
X, Y and Z are the main axes of the Cartesian coordinate system.
The additional axes U, V and W are secondary linear axes parallel to
the main axes. Rotary axes are designated as A, B and C (see Fig.
1.3).
Fig. 1.1: The geographic coordinate system
Fig. 1.2: Designations and directions of the
is an absolute reference system
+Y
+Y
axes on a milling machine
+Z
+X
+Z
+X
Z
Y
W+
C+
B+
V+
A+
X
U+
Fig. 1.3: Main, additional and rotary axes in
TNC 124 11
the Cartesian coordinate system
1 Fundamentals of Positioning
Y
X
Z
Datums and positions
Setting the datum
The workpiece drawing identifies a certain point on the workpiece
(usually a corner) as the absolute datum and perhaps one or more
other points as relative datums. The datum setting procedure establishes these points as the origin of the absolute or relative coordinate
systems: The workpiece, which is aligned with the machine axes, is
moved to a certain position relative to the tool and the display is set
either to zero or to another appropriate value (e.g., to compensate
the tool radius).
Example: Coordinates of hole1:
X = 10 mm
Y = 5 mm
Z = 0 mm (hole depth: Z = 5 mm)
The datum of the Cartesian coordinate system
1
is located 10 mm from hole
on the X axis and
5 mm from it in the Y axis (in negative direction).
The TNC's probing functions facilitate finding and setting datums.
Fig. 1.4: The workpiece datum represents
the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system
Z
Y
X
1
5
10
1
Fig. 1.5: Hole
defines the coordinate
system
12 TNC 124
1 Fundamentals of Positioning
Y
X
Z
1
20
10
Z=15mm
X=20mm
Y=10mm
15
I
Z=–15mm
Y
X
Z
2
10
5
5
15
20
10
10
I
X=10mm
I
Y=10mm
3
0
0
Datums and Positions
Absolute workpiece positions
Each position on the workpiece is uniquely identified by its absolute
coordinates.
Example: Absolute coordinates of the position
X=20mm
Y=10mm
Z=15mm
If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a workpiece
drawing with absolute coordinates, you are moving the tool to the
value of the coordinates.
1
:
Incremental workpiece positions
A position can also be referenced to the preceding nominal position. In this case the relative datum is always the last programmed position. Such coordinates are referred to as incre-
mental coordinates (increment = increase). They are also
called incremental or chain dimensions (since the positions are
defined as a chain of dimensions). Incremental coordinates are
designated with the prefix
Example: Incremental coordinates of position
position
2
Absolute coordinates of position2:
X=10mm
Y= 5mm
Z=20mm
Incremental coordinates of position
IX= 10mm
IY= 10mm
IZ=15mm
If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a drawing with
incremental coordinates, you are moving the tool by the value of the
coordinates.
I.
3
referenced to
3
:
Fig. 1.6: Position definition through absolute
coordinates
Fig. 1.7: Position definition through incremental
coordinates
TNC 124 13
1 Fundamentals of Positioning
Y
X
Z
Machine axis movements and position feedback
Programming tool movements
During workpiece machining, an axis position is changed either by
moving the tool or by moving the machine table on which the
workpiece is fixed.
When entering tool movements in a part program you
always program as if the tool is moving and the workpiece is stationary.
+Y
+Z
+X
Position feedback
The position feedback encoders linear encoders for linear axes,
angle encoders for rotary axes convert the movement of the machine axes into electrical signals. The control evaluates these signals and constantly calculates the actual position of the machine
axes.
If there is an interruption in power, the calculated position will no
longer correspond to the actual position. When power is restored,
the TNC can re-establish this relationship.
Reference marks
The scales of the position encoders contain one or more reference
marks. When a reference mark is passed over, it generates a signal
which identifies that position as the reference point (scale reference
point = machine reference point). With the aid of this reference mark
the TNC can re-establish the assignment of displayed values to machine axis positions.
If the position encoders feature distance-coded reference marks,
each axis need only move a maximum of 20 mm (0.8 in.) for linear
encoders, and 20° for angle encoders.
Fig. 1.8: On this machine the tool moves in
the Y and Z axes; the workpiece
moves in the X axis.
Fig. 1.9: Linear position encoder, here for
the X axis
Fig. 1.10: Linear scales: above with distance-
coded reference marks, below with
one reference mark
14 TNC 124
1 Fundamentals of Positioning
Angular positions
For angular positions, the following reference axes are defined:
Plane Angle reference axis
X / Y + X
Y / Z + Y
Z / X + Z
Y
–270°
+45°
+180°
Algebraic sign for direction of rotation
Positive direction of rotation is counterclockwise if the working plane
is viewed in negative tool axis direction (see Fig. 1.11).
Example: Angle in the working plane X / Y
Angle Corresponds to the ...
+ 45° ... bisecting line between +X and +Y
± 180° ... negative X axis
270° ... positive Y axis
–180°
Fig. 1.11: Angle and the angle reference
axis, here in the X / Y plane
X
TNC 124 15
1 Fundamentals of Positioning
NOTES
16 TNC 124
2 Working with the TNC 124 First Steps
2
Working with the TNC 124 First Steps
Before you start
You must cross over the reference marks after every switch-on.
From the positions of the reference marks, the TNC automatically reestablishes the relationship between axis slide positions and
display values that you last defined by setting the datum.
Setting up a new datum point automatically stores the new relationship between axis positions and display values.
Switch-on
0 ä 1
MEMORY TEST
Please wait...
POWER INTERRUPTED
CE
RELAY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING
CROSS OVER REFERENCE MARKS
For each axis:
or
Press and hold successively:
NC
´
+
X
+
Y
´
+
Z
Switch on the TNC and the machine tool.
The internal memory of the TNC is checked automatically.
Clear the TNC message indicating that the power was interrupted.
Switch on the control voltage.
The TNC automatically checks the function of the EMERGENCY STOP button.
Move the axes in the displayed sequence across the reference marks
Move the axes in the displayed sequence across the reference marks.
or
Cross the reference marks in any sequence:
Press the machine axis direction button until the moving
axis disappears from the screen.
Sequence in this example: X AXIS, Y AXIS, Z AXIS
The TNC 124 is now ready for operation in the
MANUAL OPERATION mode.
TNC 124 17
2 Working with the TNC 124 First Steps
Operating modes
Selecting the operating mode determines which functions are available to you.
Available functions Mode Key
Move the machine axes MANUAL
with the direction keys, OPERATION
with the electronic hand-
wheel,
by incremental jog positioning;
Datum setting
also with probing functions
(e.g. circle center as datum);
Enter and change spindle speed
and miscellaneous functions
Enter positioning blocks and POSITIONING
execute them block by block; WITH
Enter hole patterns and MDI
execute them block by block;
Change spindle speed, feed
rate, miscellaneous functions;
Enter tool data;
Store work steps for small-lot PROGRAMMING
production by AND EDITING
Keyboard entry
Teach-in;
Transferring programs
through the data interface
Executing programs PROGRAM
continuously RUN
blockwise
You can switch to another operating mode at any time by pressing
the key for the desired mode.
HELP, MOD and INFO functions
You can call the HELP, MOD and INFO functions at any time.
To call a function:
ä
Press the function key for that function.
To leave a function:
ä
Press the same function key again.
Functions Designation Key
On-screen operating HELP
instructions:
graphics and text explaining
the current screen contents
User parameters: MOD
To redefine the TNC's basic
operating characteristics
Cutting data calculator, INFO
stopwatch, pocket calculator
HELP
MOD
INFO
18 TNC 124
2 Working with the TNC 124 First Steps
Selecting soft-key functions
The soft-key functions are grouped into one or more rows. The TNC
indicates the number of rows by a symbol at the bottom right of the
screen.
If no symbol is visible, that means that all pertinent functions are already shown. The highlighted rectangle in the symbol indicates the
current row.
Overview of functions
Function Key
Page through the soft-key rows: forwards
Page through the soft-key rows: backwards
Go back one soft-key level
The TNC displays the soft keys with the main functions
of an operating mode whenever you press the key for
that mode.
Symbols on the TNC screen
The TNC continuously informs you of the current operating status.
The symbols are displayed on the screen
next to the designations of the coordinate axes or
in the status line at the bottom of the screen.
Symbol Function/Meaning
T ... Tool, for example T 1
*)
S ...
*)
F ...
M ... Miscellaneous function, e.g. M 3
...
ACTL. TNC displays actual values
NOML. TNC displays nominal values
REF TNC displays the reference position
LAG TNC displays the servo lag
*
®
®
®
Spindle speed, e.g. S 1000 [rpm]
Feed rate, e.g. F 200 [mm/min]
Datum, e.g.: 1
Control active
®
Spindle brake active
Spindle brake inactive
Axis can be moved with the
electronic handwheel
Fig. 2.1: The symbol for soft-key rows at
the bottom right of the screen.
Here, the first row is being displayed.
)
*
A highlighted F or S symbol means that the feed rate or
spindle has not been enabled by the PLC.
TNC 124 19
2 Working with the TNC 124 First Steps
On-screen operating instructions
The integrated operating instructions provide information and assistance in any situation.
To call the operating instructions:
➤ Press the HELP key.
➤ Use the paging keys if the explanation extends over more than
one screen page.
To leave the operating instructions:
➤ Press the HELP key again.
Example: On-screen operating instructions for datum setting
(PROBE CENTERLINE)
The PROBE CENTERLINE function is described in this manual on
page 34.
➤ Select the MANUAL OPERATION mode.
➤ Press the paging key to display the second screen page.
➤ Press the HELP key.
The first page of the operating instructions for the probing
functions appears.
Page reference at the lower right of the screen:
the number in front of the slash is the current page, the number
behind the slash is the total number of pages.
The on-screen operating instructions now contain the following
information on PROBING FUNCTIONS (on three pages):
Overview of the probing functions (page 1)
Graphic illustration of all probing functions
(pages 2 and 3)
➤ To leave the operating instructions:
Press HELP again.
The screen returns to the menu for the probing functions.
➤ Press (for example) the soft key Centerline.
➤ Press HELP.
The screen now displays operating instructions spread over
three pages on the function PROBE CENTERLINE including:
Overview of all work steps (page 1)
Graphic illustration of the probing sequence (page 2)
Information on how the TNC reacts and on datum setting
(page 3)
➤ To leave the on-screen operating instructions:
Press HELP again.
Fig. 2.2: On-screen operating instructions
for PROBE, page 1
Fig. 2.3: On-screen operating instructions
for PROBE CENTERLINE,
page 1
Fig. 2.4: On-screen operating instructions
for PROBE CENTERLINE,
page 2
20 TNC 124
2 Working with the TNC 124 First Steps
Error messages
If an error occurs while you are working with the TNC, a message will
come up on the screen.
To call an explanation of the error:
➤ Press the HELP key.
To clear the error message:
➤ Press the CE key.
Blinking error messages
W A R N I N G !
Blinking error messages mean that the operational
reliability of the TNC has been impaired.
If a blinking error message occurs:
➤ Note down the error message displayed on the screen.
➤ Switch off the TNC and machine tool.
➤ Attempt to correct the problem with the power off.
➤ If the error cannot be corrected or if the blinking error message
recurs, notify your customer service agency.
Selecting the unit of measurement
Positions can be displayed in millimeters or inches. If you choose
inches, inch will be displayed at the top of the screen.
To change the unit of measurement:
➤ Press MOD.
➤ Page to the soft-key row containing the user parameter
mm or inch.
➤ Choose the soft key mm or inch to change to the other unit.
➤ Press MOD again.
For more information on user parameters, see Chapter 13.
Fig. 2.5: The inch indicator
TNC 124 21
2 Working with the TNC 124 First Steps
Selecting position display types
The TNC can display various position values for a specific tool
position.
The positions indicated in Fig. 2.6 are:
Starting position of the tool
Target position of the tool
Workpiece datum
Scale reference point
The TNC position display can be set to show the following types of
information:
Nominal position NOML.
The value presently commanded by the TNC.
Actual position ACTL.
The position at which the tool is presently located as referenced
to the workpiece datum.
Servo lag LAG
3
The difference between nominal and actual positions
(NOML. – ACTL.)
Actual position as referenced to the scale reference point REF
To change the position display
➤ Press MOD.
➤ Page to the soft-key row containing the user parameter
Posit.
➤ Press the soft key for selecting the position display type and
change to the other display type.
➤ Select the desired display type.
➤ Press MOD again.
For more information on user parameters, see Chapter 13.
1
2
3
A
Z
W
M
1
M
2
Fig. 2.6: Tool and workpiece positions
4
A
W
4
Z
Traverse limits
The maximum range of traverse of the machine axes is set by the
machine manufacturer.
Z
Z
max
Z
min
X
min
Fig. 2.7: Traverse limits define the machine's
actual working envelope
X
max
X
Y
max
Y
min
Y
22 TNC 124
3 Manual Operation and Setup
3
Manual Operation and Setup
The machine manufacturer may define a method of
moving the axes that varies from what is described in
this manual.
On the TNC 124 you can move the machine axes with:
the direction keys,
the electronic handwheel,
incremental jog positioning, or
positioning with manual data input MDI (see Chapter 4).
In the MANUAL OPERATION and POSITIONING WITH MDI
modes of operation (see Chapter 4) you can also enter and change:
Feed rate F (the feed rate can only be entered in
POSITIONING WITH MDI)
Spindle speed S
Miscellaneous function M
Feed rate F, spindle speed S and miscellaneous function M
To change the feed rate F:
You can vary the feed rate F infinitely by turning the knob for feed
rate override on the TNC control panel.
Feed rate override
You can vary the feed rate F from
0% to 150% of the set value
100
15050
F %
0
+
´
Y
–
Z
´
+
Z
F%
´
–
X
´
+
X
–
Y
100
50
Fig. 3.1: Feed rate override on the TNC con-
trol panel
150
TNC 124 23
3 Manual Operation and Setup
Feed Rate F, Spindle Speed S and Miscellaneous Function M
Entering and changing the spindle speed S
The machine manufacturer determines which spindle
speeds are allowed on your TNC.
Example: Entering the spindle speed S
Select S for the spindle speed function.
Spindle speed ?
9
5 0
NC
To change the spindle speed S:
You can vary the spindle speed S infinitely by turning the knob for
spindle speed override if provided on the TNC control panel.
Spindle speed override
You can vary the spindle speed S from
0% to 150% of the set value
Entering a miscellaneous function M
The machine manufacturer determines which miscellaneous functions are available on your TNC and which
effects they have.
Enter the spindle speed, for example 950 rpm.
Change the spindle speed.
100
15050
S %
0
Example: Entering a miscellaneous function
Select M for miscellaneous function.
Miscell a n e o u s function M ?
3
NC
24 TNC 124
Enter the miscellaneous function, for example M 3: spindle ON, clockwise.
Execute the miscellaneous function.
3 Manual Operation and Setup
Moving the machine axes
The TNC control panel includes six direction keys. The keys for the X
and Y axes are identified with a prime mark (X', Y'). This means that
the traversing directions indicated on these keys correspond to
movement of the machine table.
Traversing with the direction keys
The direction key defines at the same time
the coordinate axis, for example X
the traversing direction, for example negative: X
X
´
+
Z
´
–
Y
X
+
´
–
On machine tools with central drives you can only move one axis
at a time.
If you are moving a machine axis with the direction key, the TNC automatically stops moving the axis as soon as you release the key.
For continuous movement:
You can also move the machine axes continuously:
The axis continues to move after you release the key.
To stop the axis press the key indicated below in example 2.
Rapid traverse
To move an axis at rapid traverse:
➤ Press the rapid traverse key and the direction key together.
Example: Moving the machine axis in the Z+ direction with the
direction key (retract tool):
Example 1: Moving the machine axes
Operating mode: MANUAL OPERATION
–
Y
Fig. 3.2: The direction keys on the TNC con-
trol panel, with the key for rapid
traverse in the center
Z
Y
Z
´
+
X
Press and hold:
Example 2: For continuous movement of the machine axes
Operating mode: MANUAL OPERATION
Together:
NC
0
TNC 124 25
´
+
Z
NC
´
+
Z
Press the direction key, here for the positive Z direction (Z'+) and hold it
as long as you wish the axis to move.
Start movement of the axis: Press the direction key, here for the positive
Z direction (Z'+) together with the NC-
Stop the axis.
I k ey .
3 Manual Operation and Setup
Moving the Machine Axes
Traversing with the electronic handwheel
Electronic handwheels can be connected only to machines with preloaded drives. The machine manufacturer
can tell you whether electronic handwheels can be
connected on your machine.
You can connect the following HEIDENHAIN electronic handwheels
to your TNC 124:
HR 410 portable handwheel
HR 130 integral handwheel
Direction of traverse
The machine manufacturer determines in which direction the
handwheel must be turned to move an axis in a specific direction.
If you are working with the HR 410 portable handwheel
The HR 410 portable handwheel is equipped with two permissive but-
➂. You can move the machine axes with the handwheel ➁ only
tons
if a permissive button is depressed.
1
2
3
4
X
IV
V
Y
Z
–
+
FCT
FCT
FCT
B
A
C
5
6
7
8
Other features of the HR 410:
Axis selection keys X, Y and Z
➃ .
The axes can be moved continuously with the + and direction
➆ .
keys
Three keys for slow, medium and fast traverse
Actual-position-capture key
➄ for transferring positions or tool
➅ .
data in teach-in mode directly from the position display into the
program or tool table (without having to type the numbers).
Three keys for machine functions
➇ defined by the machine
tool builder.
EMERGENCY STOP button
➀ for immediate machine shut-
down in case of danger. This safety feature is additional to the
permissive buttons.
Magnetic holding pads on the back of the handwheel enable you
to place it within easy reach on a flat metal surface.
Example: Moving a machine axis with the HR 410 electronic handwheel,
for example the Y axis
Operating mode: MANUAL MODE
Select the Electronic handwheel function.
The handwheel symbol is displayed next to the X for the X coordinate.
Fig. 3.3: The HR 410 portable electronic
handwheel
Y
The handwheel symbol is shifted to the selected coordinate axis.
Select the traverse per revolution: large, medium, or small,
as preset by the machine tool builder.
Press the permissive button! Turn the handwheel to move the machine axis.
26 TNC 124
Select the coordinate axis at the handwheel.
3 Manual Operation and Setup
Moving the Machine Axes
Incremental jog positioning
Incremental jog positioning enables you to move a machine axis by
the increment you have preset each time you press the corresponding direction key.
Current jog increment
If you enter a jog increment, the TNC stores the entered value and
displays it right of the highlighted input line for Infeed.
The programmed jog increment is effective until a new value is entered by keyboard or soft key.
Maximum input value
0.001 mm £ jog increment £ 99.999 mm
Changing the feed rate F
You can increase or decrease the feed rate F by turning the knob for
feed rate override.
Example: Moving the machine axis in the X+ direction by incremental
jog positioning
Fig. 3.4: TNC screen for incremental jog
positioning
Z
Operating mode: MANUAL OPERATION
Select the Jog Increm. function.
Infeed :
0 . 0 0 0
Enter the infeed (5 mm) by soft key.
or
ENT
5
or
Enter the infeed (5 mm) with the keyboard and confirm your entry with ENT.
Infeed :
0 . 0 0 0 5 . 0 0 0
´
+
X
Move the machine axis by the entered infeed, for example in the
X+ direction.
5 5
510
X
TNC 124 27
3 Manual Operation and Setup
Entering tool length and radius
Enter the lengths and radii of your tools in the TNC's tool table. The
TNC will then take the entered data into account for datum setting
and all other machining processes.
You can enter up to 99 tools.
The tool length is the difference in length DL between the tool and
the zero tool.
To enter the tool length directly move the tool until it touches the
workpiece and transfer the tool position coordinate by using the actual position capture function.
Sign for the length difference DL
If the tool is longer than the zero tool: DL > 0
If the tool is shorter than the zero tool: DL < 0
Example: Entering the tool length and radius
into the tool table
Tool number: e.g. 7
Tool length: L = 12 mm
Tool radius: R = 8 mm
Z
T
1
R
1
∆L
=0
1
Fig. 3.5: Tool length and radius
Z
T
2
R
2
T
0
R
R
3
>0
∆L
2
T
7
7
MOD
T
3
∆L3<0
X
1
or
MOD
/
Select the user parameters.
Go to the soft-key row containing Tool Table.
Open the tool table.
Tool number ?
ENT
7
Enter the tool number (such as 7) and confirm your entry with ENT.
Tool length ?
ENT
2
Enter the tool length (12 mm) and confirm your entry with ENT.
or
L
=0
0
X
L7>0
Capture the actual position in the tool axis by pressing the soft key.
or
or
Capture the actual position in the tool axis by pressing key on the handwheel.
28 TNC 124
3 Manual Operation and Setup
Tool radius ?
MOD
ENT
8
MOD
Calling the tool data
The lengths and radii of your tools must first be entered into the
TNC's tool table (see previous page).
Before you start workpiece machining, select the tool you are using
from the tool table. To call the desired tool, move the highlight to the
tool, select the axis with the corresponding soft key and press the
soft key Tool Table.
The TNC then takes into account the stored tool data when you
work with tool compensation (e.g., with hole patterns).
You can also call the tool data with the command
TOOL CALL in a program.
Enter the tool radius (8 mm) and confirm your entry with ENT.
Depart the user parameters.
Example: Calling the tool data
MOD
/
Tool number ?
ENT
5
Fig. 3.6: The tool table on the TNC screen
Select the user parameters.
Go to the first soft-key row containing Tool Table.
Select the tool table.
Enter the tool number (here: 5) and confirm your entry with ENT.
Select the Tool axis (Z).
Activate the tool and depart the user parameters.
TNC 124 29
3 Manual Operation and Setup
Selecting datum points
The TNC 124 can store up to 99 datum points in a datum table. In
most cases this will free you from having to calculate the axis travel
when working with complicated workpiece drawings containing several datums, or when several workpieces are clamped to the machine table at the same time.
For each datum point, the datum table contains the positions that
the TNC 124 assigned to the reference point on the scale of each
axis (REF values) during datum setting. Note that if you change the
REF values in the table, this will move the datum point.
The TNC 124 displays the number of the current datum at the lower
right of the screen.
To select the datum:
In all operating modes:
MOD
➤ Press MOD and go to the soft key row containing
Datum Table.
➤ Choose the soft key Datum Table.
➤ Select the datum you are using from the datum table.
➤ Leave the datum table:
Press MOD again.
In the MANUAL OPERATION and POSITIONING WITH MDI
modes of operation:
➤ Press the vertical arrow keys.
The machine manufacturer determines whether quick
datum selection via arrow keys is enabled on your
TNC.
In the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING / PROGRAM RUN modes
of operation:
➤ You can also select a datum point by entering the command
DATUM in a program.
30 TNC 124
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