Apple Mac OS X Server User Manual

Mac OS X Server
Java Application
Server Administration

For Version 10.3 or Later

Mac OS X Server Java Application
Server Administration

For Version 10.3 or Later

January 22, 2004



Apple Computer, Inc.

© 2003 Apple Computer, Inc.
All rights reserved.

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Contents

Figures and Tables 7

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Introduction to Java Application Server Administration

Application Server Overview

JBoss in Mac OS X Server 12
Three Deployment Configurations 13

Configuring Applications

Starting the Application Server 15
Configuring Your Application 18

Starting the JBoss Deployment Tool 18
Loading Your Application 18
Configuring Your Application’s Components 22
Saving a Configured Application 24

Deploying Your Application 25

Configuring and Deploying Sun’s Pet Store

Set Up the Environment 27
Configure the Pet Store Enterprise Application 29

Open the petstore.ear File in the Deployment Tool 29
Configure Application-Wide Settings 31
Configure the AsyncSender Enterprise Bean 31
Configure the Catalog Enterprise Bean 32
Configure the Customer Module 32

11

15

27

9

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3

CONTENTS

Configure Module-Wide Settings 32
Configure the Account Enterprise Bean 35
Configure the Address Enterprise Bean 36
Configure the ContactInfo Enterprise Bean 36
Configure the CreditCard Enterprise Bean 36
Configure the Customer Enterprise Bean 37

Configure the Profile Enterprise Bean 37
Configure the PetStore Web Application 37
Configure the SignOn Module 38
Configure the User Enterprise Bean 38
Configure the Counter Enterprise Bean 39
Save the Application 39

Configure the Supplier Enterprise Application 39

Open the supplier.ear file in the Deployment Tool 40
Configure Application-Wide Settings 40
Configure the Supplier Module 40

Configure the Module Settings 40

Configure the Inventory Enterprise Bean 41

Configure the OrderFulfillmentFacade Enterprise Bean 41

Configure the SupplierOrder Message-Driven Bean 41
Configure the SupplierPurchaseOrder Module 42

Configure the Module Settings 42

Configure the Address Enterprise Bean 42

Configure the ContactInfo Enterprise Bean 43

Configure the LineItem Enterprise Bean 43

Configure the SupplierOrder Enterprise Bean 44
Configure the Supplier Web Application Module 44
Save the Application 44

Deploy and Test the Application 45

Chapter 5

4

Administering Application Servers

Logging In to the Management Tool 47
Choosing a Task 51
Managing Application Servers 51
Configuring Application Servers 55
Monitoring Application Servers 56

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47

CONTENTS

Starting and Stopping Services 57
Creating a Data Source 58
Creating a Topic or a Queue 59
Deploying Applications 59

Chapter 6

Appendix A

Balancing User Load and Replicating Sessions

Distributable Applications 61
Load Balancing and Clustering 63

Enable Load Balancing in the Web Server 63
Enable Load Balancing in the Application Servers 66
Test the Configuration 67

Document Revision History

Glossary

Index

71

73

69

61

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5

CONTENTS

6

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Figures and Tables

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Configuring Applications

Figure 3-1 The Load Application window of the deployment tool 19
Figure 3-2 The Loaded Application window 20
Figure 3-3 The deployment-tool main window 21
Figure 3-4 The Quick Config pane of a component’s configuration

window 23

Figure 3-5 A module-settings window 24
Figure 3-6 The Save Application window of the deployment tool 25

Configuring and Deploying Sun’s Pet Store

Table 4-1 Relationship information for the Customer module 34

Administering Application Servers

Figure 5-1 The Configuration window of the management tool 52
Figure 5-2 The JBoss Management Console window 52
Figure 5-3 The JBoss Management Console window showing the Security

Configuration pane of the log-in configuration service 53

Figure 5-4 The JBoss Management Console window showing the Statistics pane

of the Pet Store ShoppingCart enterprise bean 54

Figure 5-5 The JBoss Management Console window showing one of the

configuration panes for the JMS Directory Service 56

Figure 5-6 The JBoss Management Console window showing the statistics of

the Deploy Service 57

Figure 5-7 The JBoss Management Console window showing the Start or Stop

Services pane 58

15

27

47

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7

FIGURES AND TABLES

Chapter 6

Appendix A

Balancing User Load and Replicating Sessions

Figure 6-1 The WebApp window of the petstore.ear archive 62
Figure 6-2 The workers.properties file in /etc/httpd 65

Document Revision History

Table A-1 Document revision history 69

69

61

8

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CHAPTER 1

1 Introduction to Java Application

Server Administration

JBoss is a powerful Java-based open-source application server that is very popular
among Java 2, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) application developers. This document
describes how to configure and use the JBoss application server in Mac OS X Server,
which lets you deploy J2EE applications easily and reliably.

This document is intended for system administrators, J2EE application assemblers,
and developers. It assumes you have a solid background in system administration
and J2EE technology. You must be familiar with Mac OS X Server, especially how
to use Terminal to issue shell commands. Knowledge of database engines, such as
MySQL, is helpful but not required.

This document has the following chapters:

“Application Server Overview” (page 11) provides an overview of JBoss for Mac

■

OS X Server.

■

“Configuring Applications” (page 15) explains how to perform certain tasks

with the deployment tool, such as opening, configuring, and saving application
archives.

■

“Configuring and Deploying Sun’s Pet Store” (page 27) walks you through

configuring and deploying Sun’s Pet Store application in Mac OS X Server.

“Administering Application Servers” (page 47) teaches you how to manage

■

application servers, which are JBoss instances running on one or more
computers.

“Balancing User Load and Replicating Sessions” (page 61) explains how to

■

enable an application to be distributable among cluster nodes and walks you
through configuring HTTP load balancing for Pet Store using three computers.

This document also contains a revision history, a glossary, and an index.

 Apple Computer, Inc. January 22, 2004

9

CHAPTER 1

Introduction to Java Application Server Administration

To use this document to its fullest, you should download its companion files, which
are packaged in

Application_Server_companion.zip

, located in the same webpage

from which you obtained this document.
For an introduction to J2EE, visit http://java.sun.com/j2ee. You can get detailed

information on JBoss at http://jboss.org.

10

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CHAPTER 2

2 Application Server Overview

JBoss is an open-source highly popular Java-based application server. Based on the
Java 2, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) platform, JBoss provides an affordable delivery
system for enterprise applications. Applications that follow the J2EE standard can
be deployed on other application servers, such as WebLogic, WebSphere, and JRun,
with little or no modification. JBoss provides many useful features in addition those
defined in the J2EE standard, including support for clustering, session replication,
mail, and security.

Mac OS X Server includes two easy-to-use, HTML-based tools that facilitate the
configuration of J2EE applications for deployment: The deployment tool and the
management tool. The deployment tool allows you to open application or
component archives (EAR files, WAR files, JAR files, SAR files, and so on) without
having to manually decompress the archives. The application lets you view or
change the values of settings specified in the
archives. See “Configuring Applications” (page 15) for more information.

META-INF

and

WEB-INF

directories of the

The management tool allows you to manage application servers (JBoss instances)
running on one or more computers. This application lets you start and stop services
provided by individual application servers, configure services, and create data
sources, queues, and topics. See “Administering Application Servers” (page 47) for
details.

This chapter provides an overview of JBoss for Mac OS X Server.

11

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CHAPTER 2

Application Server Overview

JBoss in Mac OS X Server

Mac OS X Server version 10.3 includes JBoss version 3.2.2RC2. To provide a high
level of availability, Mac OS X Server includes a “watchdog” process that ensures
that the application server is always running (if you turn on the application server
in Server Admin). If the application server freezes or crashes, the daemon restarts it
automatically.

In addition, Mac OS X Server offers load balancing and session failover through
Apache and JBoss:

■

Apache, coupled with the
session affinity (sticky sessions) and connects to JBoss instances through AJP
connectors.

■

JBoss offers session failover through HTTP session state replication in the cluster
configuration.

plug-in, provides HTTP load balancing with

mod_jk

12

JBoss also provides load balancing for enterprise beans, including failover for

■

stateful session beans, and support for session affinity.

In Mac OS X Server, JBoss is configured to use Tomcat (using the AJP connector) as
its web server and servlet container. In addition, HTTP and HTTPS (through port

) are enabled by default.

8443

You can manage the application server from the Server Admin application. This
provides you with a simple way to start, stop, and monitor the application server.
You can use the command line, if you prefer.

Mac OS X Server includes two applications that allow you to deploy applications on
JBoss and monitor their performance. They are the JBoss deployment tool and the
JBoss management tool.

The deployment tool allows you to configure an application or an application
component so that, for example, it accesses the appropriate data sources and
database tables when it’s run. This is how application developers decouple business
logic from the database engine that is used to persist data. That way, you can use

JBoss in Mac OS X Server

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CHAPTER 2

Application Server Overview

the database engine that meets your needs and not the one the developer used while
developing the application. For details on the deployment tool, see “Configuring

Applications” (page 15).

The management tool lets you administer the local (running on the computer you
are logged in to) application server, and monitor local and remote (running on a
computer in the local network) application servers. As part of administering an
application server, you may start and stop services, configure services, deploy
applications, and add data sources, queues, and topics. When monitoring an
application server, the management tool lets you access the statistics provided by
the resources and services running on it. For example, a service may indicate its
name, its purpose, and when it was started. For more information on the
management tool, see “Administering Application Servers” (page 47).

Three Deployment Configurations

In Mac OS X Server, all the JBoss configurable settings are set up for maximum J2EE
compliance. There are three standard deployment configurations in JBoss for Mac
OS X Server:

■

The development configuration offers increased logging and also consults
schema documents. As a result, an application is not deployed when the
configuration files do not adhere to their respective schemas.

■

The standalone configuration is set up for high performance on a single server.

■

The cluster configuration is optimized for high performance on a cluster of
servers. This includes load balancing as well as session replication among
stateful session beans and HTTP sessions.

Three Deployment Configurations

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CHAPTER 2

Application Server Overview

14

Three Deployment Configurations

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CHAPTER 3

3 Configuring Applications

Before you can deploy an application on an application server, you have to start the
application server and then configure or
through which you specify data sources, database mappings, JNDI resources, and
so on.

assemble

the application. This is the process

You configure J2EE applications by modifying XML files in
directories in application archives. Performing this task manually is tedious and
error prone. The JBoss deployment tool allows you to configure applications
without having to unarchive EAR files, WAR files, or JAR files, as the tool lets you
configure these files directly.

This chapter explains how to start the application server and configure and deploy
your application.

Starting the Application Server

To configure an application using the deployment tool, you must connect to a
running application server. Follow these steps to start the application server on a
computer.

1. Launch Server Admin, located in

2. In the Computers & Services list, select Application Server.

/Applications/Server

META-INF

.

and

WEB-INF

Starting the Application Server

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CHAPTER 3

Configuring Applications

16

3. In the configuration pane, click Settings. From Configuration Name pop-up
menu, choose the appropriate configuration.

Starting the Application Server

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CHAPTER 3

Configuring Applications

4. Click the Start Service toolbar button. After a few seconds the application server
should be running. You can confirm that JBoss is running by accessing

localhost:8080

in your web browser. You should see a webpage titled Welcome

http://

to JBoss/Tomcat.

You can also start JBoss in Terminal with the following command:

$ /Library/JBoss/3.2/bin/run.sh -c deploy-standalone

To get detailed information on JBoss activities, use the

develop

configuration. This
is useful when you need to make sure JBoss notices when you deploy or undeploy
a module, or when you need to determine whether exceptions are thrown as JBoss
starts a deployed application. The

develop

configuration produces a detailed log of
JBoss activities. It is more useful when you launch the application server from the
command line because you see the results of actions immediately in the Terminal
window from which you launch the application server.

Starting the Application Server

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17

CHAPTER 3

Configuring Applications

Configuring Your Application

The following sections teach you how to start the deployment tool and configure
your application.

Starting the JBoss Deployment Tool

To start the deployment tool, double-click

Applications

$ /Library/JBoss/Applications/DeploymentTool.woa/DeploymentTool

After a moment, the Load Application window appears.

Note:

Frames and Javascript. Some web browsers may need to have pop-up blocking
disabled.

or enter the following command in Terminal:

Running the JBoss Deployment Tool requires a web browser that supports

DeploymentTool.woa

in

/Library/JBoss/

Loading Your Application

The Load Application window is where you specify the location of the application
or component you want to configure. Although the window is titled Load
Application, you can also use the deployment tool to configure EAR files, WAR
files, and JAR files.

Figure 3-1 shows the Load Application window.

18

Configuring Y our Application

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CHAPTER 3

Configuring Applications

Figure 3-1

The Load Application window of the deployment tool

1. Enter the full path to the file in the text field in the Load Application window,

and click Load Application.

Note:

The file path you enter in the text field is from the perspective of the server
the deployment tool runs on. That is, if you access the deployment tool from a
web browser that runs on a different computer, the archive you configure must
reside on the server, not the computer the web browser runs on.

Normally, you cannot save an application with invalid XML files. That is, you
have to configure all the elements that show up in red in the main window. You
can override this by deselecting Validate XML Files in the Load Application
window. However, you may not be able to reload an application that has been
saved in this state.

After the deployment tool loads the application, it displays the Loaded
Application window, shown in Figure 3-2.

Configuring Y our Application

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19

CHAPTER 3

Configuring Applications

Figure 3-2

The Loaded Application window

2. Click “Click here to continue” to move on.
The deployment tool displays the main window (also known as the navigation

window). The main window presents a hierarchy of components generated
from the XML files present in the

META-INF

and

WEB-INF

directories of the
components contained in the archive you opened. For example, Figure 3-3
shows the components present in the

petstore.ear

file of Sun Microsystem’s Pet
Store application. You must configure the items in red to save the application.

“Configuring Your Application’s Components” (page 22) shows you how to do

this.

20

Configuring Y our Application

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CHAPTER 3

Configuring Applications

Figure 3-3

The deployment-tool main window

Figure 3-3 shows the components of the

petstore.ear

archive. The following list

describes some of the items in the main window:

■

PetStoreEAR (Application)

Represents the Pet Store enterprise-application

archive.

Application Settings

■

Clicking this link allows you to configure settings that

affect all the modules in the archive when the application is deployed.

Configuring Y our Application

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21

CHAPTER 3

Configuring Applications

■

AsyncSenderEJB (EJB)

that define the AsyncSender enterprise bean (the

Represents the archive (JAR file) that contains the files

asyncsender-ejb.jar

file).
Clicking the Module Settings link lets you configure module-wide settings and
set default values for some settings for all the enterprise beans defined in the
module. See “Configure the Customer Module” (page 32) for an example.

PetStoreWAR (WebApp)

■

Represents the archive (WAR file) that contains the

files that define the web module of the Pet Store enterprise application.

Configuring Your Application’s Components

To configure a component, you choose it from the main window by clicking the
appropriate link. This causes the deployment tool to display the configuration
window for the component. As you can see in Figure 3-4, this is a tabbed window
that contains one or more panes, which you use to configure specific aspects of the
component. The configuration window also contains a Quick Config pane, which
contains elements of the component that you must configure for the application to
be deployable. Figure 3-4 shows the Quick Config pane of the CatalogEJB module.
It indicates that the JBoss resource references must be configured. The JBoss
resource references also appear in the JNDI Resource Refs pane. However, you need
to configure them in only one of the two panes.

22

Configuring Y our Application

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CHAPTER 3

Configuring Applications

Figure 3-4

The Quick Config pane of a component’s configuration window

Note: For applications with many components, you may want to configure the
Quick Config pages of the invalid components and save the application. Then
you can configure each component further in a piecemeal fashion.

Some settings apply to an entire module, for example, security roles. In addition,
some module settings serve as defaults for settings of individual components in the
module. Figure 3-5 shows some of the module settings of the CustomerJAR module
of the petstore.ear application. Configuring modules settings can help to speed up
the configuration of a module. See “Configure Module-Wide Settings” (page 32) for
an example.

Configuring Y our Application

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23

CHAPTER 3

Configuring Applications

Figure 3-5 A module-settings window

After configuring the elements in a pane, you click Update to confirm the changes.
Keep in mind that the changes are not saved until you save the application.

Saving a Configured Application

To save a configured application, that is, when no components are shown in red in
the main window, click Save in the top of the main window. The Save Application
window (Figure 3-6) appears.

24 Configuring Y our Application

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CHAPTER 3

Configuring Applications

Figure 3-6 The Save Application window of the deployment tool

Enter the destination of the configured application in the text field of the Save
Application window, and click Save Application.

Deploying Your Application

To deploy a configured application from the deployment tool, simply save the
application to /Library/JBoss/3.2/deploy in a single-server deployment or /

Library/JBoss/3.2/farm in a cluster deployment.

Deploying Your Application 25

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CHAPTER 3

Configuring Applications

26 Deploying Your Application

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CHAPTER 4

4 Configuring and Deploying Sun’s

Pet Store

Pet Store is a sample J2EE application from Sun Microsystems. Pet Store showcases
the power and flexibility of the J2EE platform. This chapter provides a tutorial on
the configuration of Sun’s Pet Store for deployment in Mac OS X Server.

Sun’s Pet Store is comprised of several applications. This tutorial uses the Pet Store
enterprise application and the Supplier enterprise application.

In this tutorial you obtain the Pet Store files from Sun, prepare your Mac OS X
Server system for a Pet Store deployment, and configure the Pet Store and Supplier
applications for deployment on JBoss.

Note: The companion files of this document include configured Pet Store
archives that are ready for deployment using MySQL as the database engine.
They’re at Application_Server_companion/Configured_Pet_Store_archives. You
need to perform only the steps listed in “Set Up the Environment” (page 27) and

“Deploy and Test the Application” (page 45).

See http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/releases/petstore for more
information on Sun’s Pet Store application.

Set Up the Environment

Before you can configure an enterprise application for deployment in Mac OS X
Server, make sure that you have all the files you need. Then create any necessary
tables in your database, and ensure that the appropriate processes are running:

Set Up the Environment 27

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CHAPTER 4

Configuring and Deploying Sun’s Pet Store

1. Get Pet Store from Sun.
Download the Pet Store enterprise application from http://

developer.java.sun.com/developer/releases/petstore, and place the

petstore1.3.2 directory in your home directory. (Pet Store 1.3.2 is also included

as part of this document’s companion files.)

2. Configure MySQL:
a. Launch MySQL Manager, located in /Applications/Server.
b. Click the lock button, and authenticate as the system administrator.
c. Click Install and then click Start.
d. Quit MySQL Manager.

3. Create the Pet Store Tables:
a. In Terminal, run the mysql command-line tool.
b. Enter use test and press Return.
c. Copy the text in Application_Server_companion/Pet_Store_resources/

create_tables_sql.txt (in this document’s companion files) to the

Clipboard, and paste its contents into the mysql command-line tool.

d. Enter quit and press Return.

4. Deploy the petstore-destinations-service.xml file.
To prepare JBoss for running Pet Store, copy the Application_Server_companion/

Pet_Store_resources/petstore-destinations-service.xml file included in this

document’s companion files to /Library/JBoss/3.2/deploy.

5. Start the application server.
You must be running the application server to configure Pet Store. Make sure the

application server is running on your computer. See “Starting the Application

Server” (page 15) for details.

28 Set Up the Environment

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CHAPTER 4

Configuring and Deploying Sun’s Pet Store

Configure the Pet Store Enterprise Application

This section guides you through the steps required to configure the petstore.ear
file so that it can be deployed in Mac OS X Server. This process involves specifying
the data source that enterprise beans use to obtain a connection to the database,
mapping the enterprise beans’ CMP fields to table columns, defining relationships
among enterprise beans, and so on.

Open the petstore.ear File in the Deployment Tool

1. Launch the JBoss deployment tool. (See “Starting the JBoss Deployment Tool”
(page 18) for details.)

2. In the Load Application window, enter the full path to the petstore.ear file in
the text field, and click Load Application.

3. Click “Click here to continue.”

4. In the PetStoreEAR (Application) window (also known as the main window or
the navigation window), click Connect.

5. In the Connect to Server window, enter the host name and the port of the
application server. (By default the host is localhost and the port is 1099.)

Configure the Pet Store Enterprise Application 29

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CHAPTER 4

Configuring and Deploying Sun’s Pet Store

6. Click Connect to Server.

7. Close the Connect to Server window.

30 Configure the Pet Store Enterprise Application

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CHAPTER 4

Configuring and Deploying Sun’s Pet Store

Configure Application-Wide Settings

In this section you configure the settings that affect all the modules in the

petstore.ear archive.

1. Under PetStoreEAR (Application), click Application Settings.

2. In the PetStoreEAR window, click the JBoss tab.

3. Set J2EE Compliant Class Loading to no, and click Update.

4. Close the window.

Configure the AsyncSender Enterprise Bean

1. Under AsyncSenderEJB (EJB), click Enterprise Beans. Then click
AsyncSenderEJB.

2. In the AsyncSenderEJB window, select jms/QueueConnectionFactory in the JBoss
Resource Refs list, and click Edit.

3. From the Jndi Name pop-up menu, choose java:/ConnectionFactory , and click
Update.

Configure the Pet Store Enterprise Application 31

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CHAPTER 4

Configuring and Deploying Sun’s Pet Store

4. In the JBoss Resource Env Refs list, select jms/AsyncSenderQueue , and click Edit.

5. From the Jndi Name pop-up menu, choose /queue/supplier/

PurchaseOrderQueue, and click Update.

6. Click Update to finish configuring the AsyncSender enterprise bean, and close
the window.

Configure the Catalog Enterprise Bean

1. Under CatalogJAR (EJB), click Enterprise Beans. Then click CatalogEJB.

2. In the JBoss Resource Refs list in the CatalogEJB window , select jdbc/CatalogDB,
and click Edit.

3. From the Jndi Name pop-up menu, choose java:MySqlDS , and click Update.

4. In the JBoss Resources Refs list in the CatalogEJB window, select url/

CatalogDAOSQLURL

5. In the Resource URL text field, enter http://localhost:8080/petstore/

CatalogDAOSQL.xml, and click Update.

, and click Edit.

6. Click Update to finish configuring the Catalog enterprise bean, and close the
window.

Configure the Customer Module

The following sections guide you through the configuration of the Customer
module.

Configure Module-Wide Settings

This section walks you through setting the data source and data-source mapping for
the enterprise beans in the Customer module. It also details how to configure the
relationships between some of the enterprise beans.

1. Under CustomerJAR (EJB), click Module Settings.

2. In the CustomerJAR window, click the CMP - Default Settings tab.

3. From the Datasource pop-up menu, choose MySQL 4.0.14 (java:/MySqlDS).

4. From the Datasource Mapping pop-up menu, choose mySQL, and click Update.

32 Configure the Pet Store Enterprise Application

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CHAPTER 4

Configuring and Deploying Sun’s Pet Store

5. From the Entity Command Name pop-up menu, choose no-select-before-

insert.

The advantage of configuring the database and the data-source mapping at the
module level is that the settings apply to all the enterprise beans in the module.
Therefore, you don’t have to configure those settings for each enterprise bean in
the module, unless they differ from the ones set for the module.

6. Click the CMP - PK Generation tab.

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7. In the Unknown Pk Class text field, enter java.lang.Long.

8. In the Field Name text field, enter pk.

9. In the Column Name text field, enter pk.

10. Set Auto Increment to yes.

11. Click the CMP - Relationships tab.

12. Configure the relationships.
Table 4-1 lists the relationship information for the customer module.

Table 4-1 Relationship information for the Customer module

Relationship name Role name Column name

CustomerEJB-AccountEJB Relationship AccountEJB account_fk
ContactInfoEJB-AddressEJB Relationship AddressEJB address_fk

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Table 4-1 Relationship information for the Customer module

Relationship name Role name Column name

CustomerEJB-ProfileEJB Relationship ProfileEJB

profile_fk

AccountEJB-ContactInfoEJB Relationship ContactInfoEJB contactInfo_fk
AccountEJB-CreditCardEJB Relationship CreditCardEJB creditCard_fk

Perform the following steps to configure each relationship listed in Table 4-1.
a. In the Ejb Relations list, select the relationship to configure, and click Edit.
b. In the Relationship Roles list, click the corresponding relationship role.
c. Click New next to the Key Fields list.
d. In the Field Name text field, enter pk.
e. From the Column Name pop-up menu, choose the name of the appropriate

column, and click Update.
f. Click Update to finish configuring the relationship role.
g. Click Update to finish configuring the relationship.

13. Click Update to finish configuring the Customer module settings, and close the
window.

Configure the Account Enterprise Bean

1. Under CustomerJAR (EJB), click Enterprise Beans. Then click AccountEJB.

2. From the Table Name pop-up menu in the AccountEJB window, choose

PS_Account.

3. Map the CMP fields to the appropriate column names by selecting the field in
the Cmp Fields list, clicking Edit, choosing the corresponding column name
from the Column Name list, and clicking Update.

4. Click the CMP - Mapping tab. From the Entity Command Name pop-up menu,
choose

mysql-get-generated-keys.

5. Click Update to finish configuring the Account enterprise bean, and close the
window.

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Configure the Address Enterprise Bean

1. Under Enterprise Beans under CustomerJAR (EJB), click AddressEJB.

2. From the Table Name pop-up menu in the AddressEJB window, choose

PS_Address.

3. Map the CMP fields to the appropriate column names by selecting the field in
the Cmp Fields list, clicking Edit, choosing the corresponding column name
from the Column Name list, and clicking Update.

4. Click the CMP - Mapping tab. From the Entity Command Name pop-up menu,
choose mysql-get-generated-keys.

5. Click Update to finish configuring the Address enterprise bean, and close the
window.

Configure the ContactInfo Enterprise Bean

1. Under Enterprise Beans under CustomerJAR (EJB), click ContactInfoEJB.

2. From the Table Name pop-up menu in the ContactInfoEJB window, choose

PS_ContactInfo.

3. Map the CMP fields to the appropriate column names by selecting the field in
the Cmp Fields list, clicking Edit, choosing the corresponding column name
from the Column Name list, and clicking Update.

4. Click the CMP - Mapping tab. From the Entity Command Name pop-up menu,
choose mysql-get-generated-keys.

5. Click Update to finish configuring the ContactInfo enterprise bean, and close the
window.

Configure the CreditCard Enterprise Bean

1. Under Enterprise Beans under CustomerJAR (EJB), click CreditCardEJB.

2. From the Table Name pop-up menu in the CreditCardEJB window, choose

PS_CreditCard.

3. Map the CMP fields to the appropriate column names by selecting the field in
the Cmp Fields list, clicking Edit, choosing the corresponding column name
from the Column Name list, and clicking Update.

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4. Click the CMP - Mapping tab. From the Entity Command Name pop-up menu,
choose mysql-get-generated-keys.

5. Click Update to finish configuring the CreditCard enterprise bean, and close the
window.

Configure the Customer Enterprise Bean

1. Under Enterprise Beans under CustomerJAR (EJB), click CustomerEJB.

2. From the Table Name pop-up menu in the CustomerEJB window, choose

PS_Customer.

3. Map the CMP fields to the appropriate column names by selecting the field in
the Cmp Fields list, clicking Edit, choosing the corresponding column name
from the Column Name list, and clicking Update.

4. Click Update to finish configuring the Customer enterprise bean, and close the
window.

Configure the Profile Enterprise Bean

1. Under Enterprise Beans under CustomerJAR (EJB), click ProfileEJB.

2. From the Table Name pop-up menu in the ProfileEJB window, choose

PS_Profile.

3. Map the CMP fields to the appropriate column names by selecting the field in
the Cmp Fields list, clicking Edit, choosing the corresponding column name
from the Column Name list, and clicking Update.

4. Click the CMP - Mapping tab. From the Entity Command Name pop-up menu,
choose mysql-get-generated-keys.

5. Click Update to finish configuring the Profile enterprise bean, and close the
window.

Configure the PetStore Web Application

1. Under PetStoreWAR (WebApp), click Module Settings.

2. In the JBoss Resource Refs list in the PetStoreWAR window, select jdbc/

CatalogDB, and click Edit.

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3. From the Jndi Name pop-up menu, choose java:/MySqlDS, and click Update.

4. In the JBoss Resource Refs list, select url/CatalogDAOSQLURL, and click Edit.

5. In the Resource URL text field, enter http://localhost:8080/petstore/

CatalogDAOSQL.xml, and click Update.

6. Click Update to finish configuring the PetStore web application, and close the
window.

Configure the SignOn Module

1. Under SignOnJAR (EJB), click Module Settings.

2. In the SignOnJAR window, click the CMP - Default Settings tab.

3. From the Entity Command Name pop-up menu, choose no-select-before-

insert, and click Update.

4. Close the window.

Configure the User Enterprise Bean

1. Under Enterprise Beans under SignOnJAR (EJB), click UserEJB.

2. From the Datasource pop-up menu in the UserEJB window, choose MySQL

4.0.14 (java:/MySqlDS).

3. From the Datasource Mapping pop-up menu, choose mySql.

4. From the Table Name pop-up menu, choose PS_User.

5. Map the CMP fields to the appropriate column names by selecting the field in
the Cmp Fields list, clicking Edit, choosing the corresponding column name
from the Column Name list, and clicking Update.

6. Click Update to finish configuring the User enterprise bean, and close the
window.

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Configure the Counter Enterprise Bean

1. Under UniqueIdGeneratorJAR (EJB), click Enterprise Beans. Then click
CounterEJB.

2. From the Datasource pop-up menu in the CounterEJB window, choose MySQL

4.0.14 (java:/MySqlDS).

3. From the Datasource Mapping pop-up menu, choose mySql.

4. From the Table Name pop-up menu, choose PS_Counter.

5. Map the CMP fields to the appropriate column names by selecting the field in
the Cmp Fields list, clicking Edit, choosing the corresponding column name
from the Column Name list, and clicking Update.

6. Click Update to finish configuring the Counter enterprise bean, and close the
window.

Save the Application

To save the configured PetStore application, click Save in the navigation window
and choose a location for it:

1. Using the Finder or Terminal, create a directory under
Configured_Apps.

2. In the main window, click Save.

3. In the text field in the Save Application window, enter /Library/

Configured_Apps/petstore.ear, and click Save Application.

4. Close the window.

/Library named

Configure the Supplier Enterprise Application

The following sections guide you through configuring the Supplier enterprise
application.

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Open the supplier.ear file in the Deployment Tool

1. In the PetStoreEAR window, click Load.

2. In the text field in the Load Application window, enter the path to the

supplier.ear file, and click Load Application or press Return.

3. In the navigation window, click Connect.

4. If the Connect to Server window indicates that you’re not connected to the
application server, click Connect to Server.

5. Close the Connect to Server window.

Configure Application-Wide Settings

1. Under SupplierEAR (Application), click Application Settings.

2. In the SupplierEAR window, click the JBoss tab.

3. Set J2EE Compliant Class Loading to no, and click Update.

4. Close the window.

Configure the Supplier Module

The following sections explain how to configure the SupplierJAR module.

Configure the Module Settings

1. Under SupplierJAR (EJB), click Module Settings.

2. In the SupplierJAR window, click the CMP - Default Settings tab.

3. From the Datasource pop-up menu, choose MySQL 4.0.14 (java:/MySqlDS).

4. From the Datasource Mapping pop-up menu, choose mySql, and click Update.

5. Close the window.

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Configure the Inventory Enterprise Bean

1. Under SupplierJAR (EJB), click Enterprise Beans. Then click InventoryEJB.

2. From the Table Name pop-up menu, choose SUPP_Inventory.

3. Map the CMP fields to the appropriate column names by selecting the field in
the Cmp Fields list, clicking Edit, choosing the corresponding column name
from the Column Name list, and clicking Update.

4. Click Update to finish configuring the Inventory enterprise bean, and close the
window.

Configure the OrderFulfillmentFacade Enterprise Bean

1. Under Enterprise Beans under SupplierJAR (EJB), click OrderFulfillmentFacade.

2. In the JBoss Resource Refs list in the OrderFulfillmentFacadeEJB window, select

url/EntityCatalogURL, and click Edit.

3. In the Res URL text field, enter http://localhost:8080/opc/EntityCatalog.jsp,
and click Update.

4. Click Update to finish configuring the OrderFulfillmentFacade enterprise bean,
and close the window.

Configure the SupplierOrder Message-Driven Bean

1. Under Enterprise Beans under SupplierJAR (EJB), click SupplierOrderMDB.

2. In the JBoss Resource Refs list, select jms/QueueConnectionFactory, and click
Edit.

3. From the Jndi Name pop-up menu, choose /ConnectionFactory, and click
Update.

4. In the JBoss Resource Refs list, select jms/TopicConnectionFactory, and click
Edit.

5. From the Jndi Name pop-up menu, choose /ConnectionFactory, and click
Update.

6. In the JBoss Resource Env Refs list, select jms/opc/InvoiceTopic, and click Edit.

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7. From the Jndi Name pop-up menu, choose /topic/opc/InvoiceTopic, and click
Update.

8. Click Update to finish configuring the SupplierOrder message-driven bean, and
close the window.

Configure the SupplierPurchaseOrder Module

These sections explain how to configure the SupplierPurchaseOrderJAR module.

Configure the Module Settings

1. Under SupplierPurchaseOrderJAR (EJB), click Module Settings.

2. In the SupplierPurchaseOrderJAR window, click the CMP - Default Settings tab.

3. From the Datasource pop-up menu, choose MySQL 4.0.14 (java:/MySqlDS).

4. From the Datasource mapping pop-up menu, choose mySql.

5. From the Entity Command Name pop-up menu, choose no-select-before-

.

insert

6. Click the CMP - PK Generation tab.

7. In the Unknown Pk Class text field, enter java.lang.Long.

8. In the Field Name text field, Enter pk.

9. In the Column Name text field, enter pk.

10. Set Auto Increment to yes, and click Update.

11. Close the window.

Configure the Address Enterprise Bean

1. Under SupplierPurchaseOrderJAR (EJB), click Enterprise Beans. Then click
AddressEJB.

2. From the Table Name pop-up menu in the AddressEJB window, choose

PS_Address.

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3. Map the CMP fields to the appropriate column names by selecting the field in
the Cmp Fields list, clicking Edit, choosing the corresponding column name
from the Column Name list, and clicking Update.

4. Click the CMP - Mapping tab. From the Entity Command Name pop-up menu,
choose mysql-get-generated-keys.

5. Click Update to finish configuring the Address enterprise bean, and close the
AddressEJB window.

Configure the ContactInfo Enterprise Bean

1. Under Enterprise Beans under SupplierPurchaseOrderJAR (EJB), click
ContactInfoEJB.

2. From the Table Name pop-up menu in the ContactInfoEJB window, choose

PS_ContactInfo.

3. Map the CMP fields to the appropriate column names by selecting the field in
the Cmp Fields list, clicking Edit, choosing the corresponding column name
from the Column Name list, and clicking Update.

4. Click the CMP - Mapping tab. From the Entity Command Name pop-up menu,
choose mysql-get-generated-keys.

5. Click Update to finish configuring the ContactInfo enterprise bean, and close the
window.

Configure the LineItem Enterprise Bean

1. Under Enterprise Beans under SupplierPurchaseOrderJAR (EJB), click
LineItemEJB.

2. From the Table Name pop-up menu in the LineItemEJB window, choose

SUPP_LineItem.

3. Map the CMP fields to the appropriate column names by selecting the field in
the Cmp Fields list, clicking Edit, choosing the corresponding column name
from the Column Name list, and clicking Update.

4. Click the CMP - Mapping tab. From the Entity Command Name pop-up menu,
choose mysql-get-generated-keys.

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5. Click Update to finish configuring the LineItem enterprise bean, and close the
window.

Configure the SupplierOrder Enterprise Bean

1. Under Enterprise Beans under SupplierPurchaseOrderJAR (EJB), click
SupplierOrderEJB.

2. From the Table Name pop-up menu in the SupplierOrderEJB window, choose

SUPP_SupplierOrder.

3. Map the CMP fields to the appropriate column names by selecting the field in
the Cmp Fields list, clicking Edit, choosing the corresponding column name
from the Column Name list, and clicking Update.

4. Click the CMP - Mapping tab. From the Entity Command Name pop-up menu,
choose mysql-get-generated-keys.

5. Click Update to finish configuring the SupplierOrder enterprise bean, and close
the window.

Configure the Supplier Web Application Module

1. Under SupplierWAR (WebApp), click Module Settings.

2. In the JBoss Resource Env Refs list, select jms/opc/InvoiceTopic, and click Edit.

3. From the Jndi Name pop-up menu, choose /topic/opc/InvoiceTopic, and click
Update.

4. In the JBoss Resource Refs list, select jms/TopicConnectionFactory, and click
Edit.

5. From the Jndi Name pop-up menu, choose /ConnectionFactory, and click
Update.

6. Click Update to finish configuring the Supplier web-application module, and
close the window.

Save the Application

1. In the navigation window, click Save.

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2. In the text field in the Save Application window, enter /Library/

Configured_Apps/supplier.ear, and click Save Application.

3. Close the window.

Deploy and Test the Application

To deploy Pet Store in Mac OS X Server, copy the configured files to /Library/

JBoss/3.2/deploy. (You can also use the management tool to deploy the application.

See “Deploying Applications” (page 59) for details.) After about a minute, open

http://localhost:8080/petstore in your web browser. You could also have saved

the EAR files directly to the JBoss deploy directory. However, it’s generally safer to
configure application files of undeployed archives.

Follow these steps to test Pet Store:

1. Open http://localhost:8080/petstore in a web-browser window.

2. Click the link that takes you to the store.

3. In the Welcome to the BluePrints Petstore webpage, click Birds.

4. In the Items webpage, click Amazon Parrot.

5. In the Product webpage, click Add to Cart.

6. In the Cart webpage, click Check Out.

7. In the Sign On webpage, click Sign In.

8. In the Enter Order Information webpage, click Submit.

If you get an error page during the test, make sure JBoss is running and recheck the
configuration settings described in “Configure the Pet Store Enterprise

Application” (page 29) and “Configure the Supplier Enterprise Application”

(page 39).

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CHAPTER 5

5 Administering Application

Servers

Application-server management involves configuring the services available in an
application server, turning services on and off, deploying applications, and
monitoring application-server resources. This chapter teaches how to manage
application servers, which are JBoss instances running on one or more computers.

Logging In to the Management Tool

Before you can log in to the management tool, the tool must be running. You can
launch the management tool by executing the following command:

$ /Library/JBoss/Applications/JBossManagement.woa/JBossManagement

You log in to the management tool through your web browser. To connect to the
management tool, enter the following URL into the Address text field in your web
browser: https://localhost:40000.

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Alternatively, you can click Manage JBoss in the Settings pane in the Server Admin
window.

To log in to the management tool you must enter the user name and password of an
administrator of your computer or a user who is a member of the appserveradm
group or the appserverusr group.

There are two types of users with the authority to use the management tool:
administrator users (which are members of the appserveradm group) and monitor
users (which are members of the appserverusr group). The user defined while
configuring Mac OS X Server for the first time is added to the appserveradm group.

Note: The management tool allows only registered users to manage, configure,
or monitor application servers. If you enter the name of a registered user in the
Username text field but enter an incorrect password in the Password text field,
you can only monitor the application server. Also, only members of appserveradm
and appserverusr can launch the management tool.

To authorize another user to manage application servers with the management tool,
execute the following command in the command line, and restart your computer:

$ sudo /usr/bin/dscl . -create Groups/appserveradm GroupMembership <user_ID>

If you need to authorize a user to only monitor application servers with the
management tool, execute the following command, and restart the computer:

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$ sudo /usr/bin/dscl . -create Groups/appserverusr GroupMembership <user_ID>

You can also use NetInfo Manager to add users to the appserveradm and

appserverusr groups:

1. Launch NetInfo Manager, located in /Applications/Utilities.

2. If the lock in the bottom-left corner of the window is locked, click it and
authenticate yourself and the server’s administrator.

3. In the “/” column, select “groups.” Then select the appropriate group in the
“groups” column.

4. In the Properties list, select “users” and choose Directory > New Value.

5. Replace new_value with the appropriate user name.

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6. Save the changes and restart your computer.

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Choosing a Task

After logging in to the management tool, the Configuration window appears. This
window lets you choose the kind of activity you want to perform with the
management tool. There are three activities to choose from:

■ Managing: Allows you to start and stop services, configure services, observe

resource statistics, create data sources, create topics or queues, and deploy
applications.

■ Configuring: Lets you start and stop services, create data sources, create topics

or queues, and deploy applications.

■ Monitoring: Allows you to observe resource statistics of application servers.

Managing Application Servers

To manage an application server, enter the JNDI port of the application server you
want to manage (by default, 1099) in the Configuration window (shown in Figure
5-1), and click “Manage localhost”.

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Figure 5-1 The Configuration window of the management tool

The left side of the JBoss Management Console window (shown in Figure 5-2) lists
the application servers available and the resources they provide. You specify the
resource you want to manage by clicking the triangle next to the appropriate
resource type and selecting a resource from the list that appears.

Figure 5-2 The JBoss Management Console window

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For example, to change an application server’s security configuration, click the
triangle next to the Services resource group and select login-config.xml. After that,
the Security Configuration pane (shown in Figure 5-3) appears on the right side of
the window, showing the application policy list, which you can modify by clicking
the appropriate buttons. However, any changes you make take effect only after you
restart the application server.

Figure 5-3 The JBoss Management Console window showing the Security

Configuration pane of the log-in configuration service

When you’re managing the services deployed on the application server, you can
also monitor the statistics of deployed applications and resources. For example, if
you deploy Sun’s Pet Store in your application server, log in to the management

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tool, choose to manage the application server from the Configuration window, and
click local/ShoppingCartEJB under cart-ejb.jar under petstore.ear under the
Applications group in the application-server list, the JBoss Management Console
window displays the Statistics pane with information on the performance of the
ShoppingCart enterprise bean, as shown in Figure 5-4.

Figure 5-4 The JBoss Management Console window showing the Statistics pane of the

Pet Store ShoppingCart enterprise bean

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When you’re done managing, click JBoss in the server list, and click Logout or
Change Configuration.

Configuring Application Servers

To configure local application servers, choose the configuration you want to modify
from the “Modify configuration” pop-up menu, and click “Modify configuration”
in the Configuration page.

The JBoss Management Console window appears. This window allows you to select
a service and change its configuration.

For example, to configure the transaction-connection factory service, select jms-

ds.xml under services in the application-server list.

You can also configure the provider and the session pool of the transaction­connection factory service by clicking the triangle next to jms-ds.xml in the
application-server list and selecting the appropriate item, as shown in Figure 5-5.

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Figure 5-5 The JBoss Management Console window showing one of the configuration

Note: After you’re done making changes, you have to restart the application
server for the changes to take effect.

panes for the JMS Directory Service

Monitoring Application Servers

To monitor application servers, enter the name of the computer on which the
application server is running (by default, localhost) and the JNDI port of the
application server (by default, 1099) in the Configuration page, and click “Monitor
host”.

To view the statistics provided by particular applications, resources, or services,
select the appropriate item in the application-server list. The statistics appear in the
Statistics pane, shown in Figure 5-6.

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Figure 5-6 The JBoss Management Console window showing the statistics of the

Deploy Service

Starting and Stopping Services

You can start and stop services while managing or configuring application servers.
To do so, in the application server list, select the application server you want to
configure, and click Start/Stop Services in the Host Information pane. The Start or
Stop Services pane is displayed in the right side of the JBoss Management Console
window, as shown in Figure 5-7.

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Figure 5-7 The JBoss Management Console window showing the Start or Stop Services

pane

Creating a Data Source

You can create a data source while managing or configuring application servers. To
do so, select the application server you want to add the data source to in the server
list. Next, enter the name of the data source in the Datasource Name text field in the
Create a Datasource group in the Host Information pane, choose a data-source type
from the Datasource Type pop-up menu, and click Create Datasource.

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Enter the appropriate information in the Local TX Datasource pane, and click
Update.

Note: Make sure to enter a unique JNDI name in the Jndi Name text field of the
Local TX Datasource pane.

The newly added data source appears under the Resources group in the
application-server list.

Creating a Topic or a Queue

You can create a topic or a queue while managing or configuring an application
server. Follow these steps to create a topic or a queue:

1. In the application server list, select the application server you want to add the
topic or queue to.

2. From the Topic or Queue pop-up menu in the Create a Topic or Queue group in
the Host Information pane, choose Topic or Queue.

3. In the Topic or Queue Name text field, enter the name of the topic or queue.

4. Enter the name of the file in which the topic or queue configuration is to be saved
in the Filename text field.

Deploying Applications

You can deploy applications while managing or configuring application servers.
Follow these steps to deploy an application:

1. Select the application server you want to deploy the application or service on in
the application server list.

2. In the “Select an application to deploy” group in the Host Information pane,
click Choose File, and choose the file to deploy.

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3. Click Deploy Application.

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CHAPTER 6

6 Balancing User Load and

Replicating Sessions

HTTP load balancing provides a way to distribute user load among a group of
application servers. The application servers can be standalone or configured as a
cluster, in which case they are know as nodes. Load balancing is better used with
sticky sessions. This means that once the load balancer (a web server) forwards a
client request to a particular application server, it sends all further requests from the
client to the same application server.

Using load balancing across standalone application servers allows you to scale your
deployment with little increase in request-processing overhead. However, when an
application server fails, other application servers cannot pick up the failed-server’s
load, which may provide an undesirable user experience: Users may have to log in
to the application again or may lose the contents of their “shopping carts.”

Load balancing across clustered application servers (or nodes) provides session
replication among the nodes, so that when a node fails, another node can take over
its duties with little or no user impact. However, as you add nodes to the cluster,
each request may take longer to process.

This chapter explains how to enable an application to be distributable among
cluster nodes and walks you through configuring HTTP load balancing for Sun’s
Pet Store using three computers: One serving only as the web server and load
balancer, and the other two serving as application-server nodes.

Distributable Applications

Before deploying an application in a cluster of nodes using the deploy-cluster
configuration, make sure that the application is distributable.

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To make an application distributable set Distributable to yes in the Web-App pane
of the application’s WebApp window. Figure 6-1 shows the WebApp window of
the petstore.ear archive.

Figure 6-1 The WebApp window of the petstore.ear archive

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CHAPTER 6

Balancing User Load and Replicating Sessions

Load Balancing and Clustering

Load balancing provides a way to distribute user load among application servers.
Clustering enables session failover when a node in a cluster becomes unavailable.
Load balancing can be used with a group of standalone application servers or with
a cluster or application server or nodes. This section describes a simple, three­computer setup in which one computer runs the web server and balances user load
among two application servers.

Start by stopping the Web service on the web-server computer and the application
servers on the nodes. Then follow the steps described in the following sections.

Enable Load Balancing in the Web Server

Follow these steps to configure a computer as the web server and load balancer for
a deployment:

1. Launch Server Admin, if it’s not already running.

2. Select Web in the Computers & Services list, and click Settings in the
configuration pane.

3. Click the Modules tab and select “jk_module,” which is at the bottom of the
modules list.

4. Click the Sites tab.

5. Double-click the appropriate site in the list (by default there’s only one), which
should be enabled.

6. Click the Options tab, and deselect Performance Cache.

7. Click Save.

8. Open httpd.conf file, located in /etc/httpd, in a text editor.

9. Look for <IfModule mod_jk.c>.

10. Add JKMount /petstore/* loadbalancer as the last item of the IfModule element.
The IfModule element should look similar to this:

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<IfModule mod_jk.c>
JKWorkersFile /etc/httpd/workers.properties
JKLogFile /var/log/httpd/mod_jk.log
JKLogLevel error
JKMount /*.jsp JBoss1
JKMount /servlet/* JBoss1
JKMount /examples/* JBoss1
JKMount /petstore/* loadbalancer
</IfModule>

11. Save the file.

12. Open the workers.properties file, which is also located in /etc/httpd, in a text
editor.

The file as configured in Mac OS X Server is shown in Figure 6-2.

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Figure 6-2 The workers.properties file in /etc/httpd

13. Change line 2 to:

worker.list=loadbalancer

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14. Change line 8 so that it references the first node. It should look similar to this:

worker.JBoss1.host=node1.mydomain.com

15. Change line 12 to:

worker.JBoss1.cachesize=10

16. Uncomment lines 26 through 28.

17. Change line 26 so that it looks like this:

worker.JBoss2.port=9007

18. Change line 27 so that it references the second node. It should look similar to
this:

worker.JBoss2.host=node2.mydomain.com

19. Change line 31 to:

worker.JBoss2.cachesize=10

20. Add the following line to the file to enable sticky sessions:

worker.loadbalancer.sticky_session=1

21. Save the file.

Enable Load Balancing in the Application Servers

For load balancing to work, each application server has to report its existence to the
web server. Follow these steps to configure the application-server so that they
identify themselves to the web server:

1. Open the jboss-service.xml file, located at /Library/JBoss/3.2/deploy-

cluster/deploy/jbossweb-tomcat41.sar/META-INF, in a text editor.

For non-cluster deployment, open the jboss-service.xml file at /Library/JBoss/

3.2/deploy-standalone/deploy/jbossweb-tomcat41.sar/META-INF.

2. Look for the following line:

<Engine name="MainEngine" defaultHost="localhost">

3. Edit the line so that it looks like this:

<Engine jvmRoute="JBoss1" name="MainEngine" defaultHost="localhost">

4. Look for the following lines:

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<!--Connector className="org.apache.coyote.tomcat4.CoyoteConnector"

port="9007" minProcessors="5" maxProcessors="200" address="0.0.0.0"
enableLookups="false" acceptCount="50" debug="0"
connectionTimeout="20000"
protocolHandlerClassName="org.apache.jk.server.JkCoyoteHandler"/-->

5. Remove the !-- at the beginning of the first line and the -- and end of the last
line while making sure to leave the left angle bracket and the right angle bracket
in place.

6. Save the file.

7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the second application server, but set

"JBoss2" in step 3.

jvmRoute to

Test the Configuration

Follow these steps to make sure that client requests are balanced among the
application servers:

1. Start the Web service in the web-server computer.

2. Start the application server in each of the application-server computers and run
the following commands on both:

$ cd /Library/JBoss/Logs
$ tail -f localhost_access<today’s_date_YYYY-MM-DD>.log

3. In the web-server computer, connect to http://<host_name>/petstore/

index.jsp. The first node should show a log entry similar to this:

17.203.255.255 - - [26/Sep/2003:15:56:58 -0800] "GET /petstore/index.jsp
HTTP/1.1" 200 2769

4. Now, access the same URL from another computer. You should see a log entry
in the second node.

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68 Load Balancing and Clustering

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APPENDIX A

A Document Revision History

Table A-1 describes the revisions to this document.

Table A-1 Document revision history

Date Notes

January 22,
2004

October 22,
2003

Changed document from preliminary draft to final. Added note per requiring a
web browser to run the JBoss Deployment Tool.

First version of Mac OS X Server Java Application Server Administration.

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69

APPENDIX A

Document Revision History

70

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7 Glossary

application server JBoss instance, which is
started through Server Admin.

CMP (container-managed
persistence) Enterprise bean persistence

model in which the J2EE container is
responsible for persisting enterprise-bean
instances to a data store and populating the
fields of enterprise-bean instances when they
are retrieved.

deployment tool HTML-based application
through which J2EE application or
component archives can be configured or
assembled in preparation for deployment in
Mac OS X Server.

EJB (Enterprise JavaBeans) Specification
that provides an infrastructure through
which data-based components can be
developed and deployed in a variety of
platforms.

J2EE (Java 2, Enterprise
Edition) Specification that defines a

platform for the development and
deployment of Web applications. It describes
an environment under which enterprise
beans, servlets, and JSP pages can share
resources and work together.

JBoss Java-based open-source application
server capable of deploying J2EE-based
applications. JBoss provides many useful

features in addition those defined in the J2EE
standard, including support for clustering,
session replication, mail, and security.

JMS (Java Message Service) Java-based
programming interface that implements an
asynchronous message-exchange system. It
facilitates the development of message-based
applications. JMS is part of the J2EE platform.

management tool HTML-based
application through which an application­server configuration can be modified. It also
allows for the viewing of statistics of
resources and services deployed on
application servers, starting and stopping
services, and adding topics, queues, and data
sources.

Pet Store Pet Store is a sample J2EE
application from Sun Microsystems, which
showcases the power and flexibility of the
J2EE platform.

queue A queue is a JMS construct that
allows for point-to-point messaging between
applications. A message sent to a queue can
be received by only one application. When
several applications are subscribed to the
queue, the messages are load balanced
between the subscribers.

server Computer running Mac OS X Server.

 Apple Computer, Inc. January 22, 2004

71

GLOSSARY

topic Topics are one of the message

distribution center types for J2EE-based
applications. Message senders send
messages only to topics instead of specific
applications, while only the applications
interested in receiving messages sent to a
particular topic subscribe to the topic and,
therefore, receive the messages sent to it. A
topic can have one or more subscribers. Any
message sent to the topic is broadcasted to all
the topic’s subscribers.

72

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Index

A

AJP connector 12
application servers 11

administering 47–60
configuring 55
creating a data source 58
creating a queue 59
creating a topic 59
deploying applications 59
load balancing 12, 61, 63–67
logging activity 17
managing 48, 51–55
monitoring 48, 56
starting 15–17

starting and stopping services in 57
Application Settings hyperlink 21
applications

configuring 15, 18–25

deploying 25, 45

in clusters 25, 61
loading 18
saving 24
validating 19

appserveradm group 48–50
appserverusr group 48–50

petstore.ear 29–39
supplier.ear 39–45

CustomerJAR module 23

D

data sources, creating 58
deploying applications 25, 59, 61
deployment configurations

cluster 13
development 13, 17
standalone 13

deployment tool 11, 12

Application Settings hyperlink 21
Quick Config pane 22
starting the 18

E

EAR files 11

H

C

CatalogEJB module 22
clusters 61

configuring 63–67
deploying applications in 25
distributable applications 61

companion files 10, 27, 28
components, configuring 22–24
configuring applications

HTTP 12
HTTP sessions 13

httpd.conf file 63

HTTPS 12

J

J2EE (Java 2, Enterprise Edition) 11, 13
JAR files 11

73

INDEX

JBoss 11, 12
JBoss Management Console window 55

L

load balancing 12, 61, 63–67

replication among stateful session beans 13
session replication 12
sticky sessions 12

logging activity 17

M

Mac OS X Server 12
management tool 11, 13

logging in 47

managing application servers 48, 51–55

META-INF directory 11, 15, 20
mod_jk plug-in 12

monitoring application servers 48, 56
MySQL

configuring 28

mysql command-line tool 28

AddressEJB 36
application-wide settings 31
AsyncSenderEJB module 31
CatalogEJB module 32
ContactInfoEJB 36
CounterEJB 39
CreditCardEJB 36
CustomerEJB 37
CustomerJAR (EJB) module 32
database 33
data-source mapping 33
PetStoreWAR 37
ProfileEJB 37
relationships 34
SignOnJAR 38
UserEJB 38

petstore-destinations-service.xml file 28

Q

queues, creating 59

R

N

NetInfo Manager 49

P

Pet Store application 20, 27

CatalogEJB module 22
creating database tables 28
CustomerJAR module 23
deploying 45
downloading 28

petstore.ear archive 20, 21, 29–39

AccountEJB 35

74

relationships 34

S

SAR files 11
Server Admin 12
session affinity. See sticky sessions
session failover. See session replication
session replication 12, 61
starting and stopping services 57
stateful session beans, replication among 13
statistics 13
sticky sessions 12

supplier.ear archive 39–45

AddressEJB 42
application-wide settings 40

INDEX

ContactInfoEJB 43
InventoryEJB 41
LineItemEJB 43
OrderFulfillmentFacade 41
SupplierEAR 40
SupplierJAR 40
SupplierOrderEJB 44
SupplierOrderMDB 41
SupplierPurchaseOrderJAR 42
SupplierWAR 44

T

Tomcat 12
topics, creating 59

W

WAR files 11
watchdog process 12

WEB-INF directory 11, 15, 20
workers.properties file 64

75

76