U C A
RX-V293
Natural Sound AV Receiver
Récepteur audiovisuel
OWNER’S MANUAL MODE D’EMPLOI
CAUTION
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT OPEN
CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE
COVER (OR BACK). NO USER-SERVICEABLE
PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO
QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
IMPORTANT
Please record the serial number of this unit in the space below.
Model:
Serial No.:
The serial number is located on the rear of the unit.
Retain this Owner’s Manual in a safe place for future reference.
• Explanation of Graphical Symbols
The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol, within an equilateral triangle, is intended to alert you to the presence of uninsulated “dangerous voltage” within the product’s enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.
The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert you to the presence of important operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literature accompanying the appliance.
WARNING
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS UNIT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.
1Read Instructions – All the safety and operating instructions should be read before the unit is operated.
2Retain Instructions – The safety and operating instructions should be retained for future reference.
3Heed Warnings – All warnings on the unit and in the operating instructions should be adhered to.
4Follow Instructions – All operating and other instructions should be followed.
5Water and Moisture – The unit should not be used near water – for example, near a bathtub, washbowl, kitchen sink, laundry tub, in a wet basement, or near a swimming pool, etc.
6Carts and Stands – The unit should be used only with a cart or stand that is recommended by the manufacturer.
6A A unit and cart combination should be moved with care. Quick stops, excessive force, and uneven surfaces may cause the unit and
cart combination to overturn.
7Wall or Ceiling Mounting – The unit should be mounted to a wall or ceiling only as recommended by the manufacturer.
8Ventilation – The unit should be situated so that its location or position does not interfere with its proper ventilation. For example, the unit should not be situated on a bed, sofa, rug, or similar surface, that may block the ventilation openings; or placed in a built-in installation, such as a bookcase or cabinet that may impede the flow of air through the ventilation openings.
9Heat – The unit should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators, stoves, or other appliances that produce heat.
10Power Sources – The unit should be connected to a power supply only of the type described in the operating instructions or as marked on the unit.
11Power-Cord Protection – Power-supply cords should be routed so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon or against them, paying particular attention to cords at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point where they exit from the unit.
12Cleaning – The unit should be cleaned only as recommended by the manufacturer.
13Nonuse Periods – The power cord of the unit should be unplugged from the outlet when left unused for a long period of time.
14Object and Liquid Entry – Care should be taken so that objects do not fall into and liquids are not spilled into the inside of the unit.
15Damage Requiring Service – The unit should be serviced by qualified service personnel when:
A.The power-supply cord or the plug has been damaged; or
B.Objects have fallen, or liquid has been spilled into the unit; or
C.The unit has been exposed to rain; or
D.The unit does not appear to operate normally or exhibits a marked change in performance; or
E.The unit has been dropped, or the cabinet damaged.
16Servicing – The user should not attempt to service the unit beyond those means described in the operating instructions. All other servicing should be referred to qualified service personnel.
17Power Lines – An outdoor antenna should be located away from power lines.
18Grounding or Polarization – Precautions should be taken so that the grounding or polarization is not defeated.
19For US customers only:
Outdoor Antenna Grounding – If an outside antenna is connected to this unit, be sure the antenna system is grounded so as to provide some protection against voltage surges and built-up static charges. Article 810 of the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, provides information with regard to proper grounding of the mast and supporting structure, grounding of the lead-in wire to an antenna discharge unit, size of grounding conductors, location of antenna discharge unit, connection to grounding electrodes, and requirements for the grounding electrode.
Note to CATV system installer:
This reminder is provided to call the CATV system installer’s attention to Article 820-40 of the NEC that provides guidelines for proper grounding and, in particular, specifies that the cable ground shall be connected to the grounding system of the building, as close to the point of cable entry as practical.
EXAMPLE OF ANTENNA GROUNDING
MAST |
ANTENNA |
|
LEAD IN |
|
WIRE |
GROUND |
|
CLAMP |
|
|
ANTENNA |
|
DISCHARGE UNIT |
|
(NEC SECTION 810–20) |
ELECTRIC |
|
SERVICE |
|
EQUIPMENT |
GROUNDING CONDUCTORS |
|
|
|
(NEC SECTION 810–21) |
|
GROUND CLAMPS |
|
POWER SERVICE GROUNDING |
|
ELECTRODE SYSTEM |
|
(NEC ART 250. PART H) |
NEC – NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE |
|
English
SPECIAL NOTES FOR FCC COMPOSITE DEVICE (for US customers only)
This device is a composite system. The digital device component may not cause harmful interference.
FCC INFORMATION (for US customers only)
1. IMPORTANT NOTICE : DO NOT MODIFY THIS UNIT! |
Compliance with FCC regulations does not guarantee that |
|
This product, when installed as indicated in the |
interference will not occur in all installations. If this product |
|
instructions contained in this manual, meets FCC |
is found to be the source of interference, which can be |
|
requirements. Modifications not expressly approved by |
determined by turning the unit “OFF” and “ON”, please try |
|
Yamaha may void your authority, granted by the FCC, to |
to eliminate the problem by using one of the following |
|
use the product. |
measures: |
|
2. IMPORTANT : When connecting this product to |
Relocate either this product or the device that is being |
|
accessories and/or another product use only high quality |
affected by the interference. |
|
shielded cables. Cable/s supplied with this product |
Utilize power outlets that are on different branch (circuit |
|
MUST be used. Follow all installation instructions. |
||
breaker or fuse) circuits or install AC line filter/s. |
||
Failure to follow instructions could void your FCC |
||
|
||
authorization to use this product in the USA. |
In the case of radio or TV interference, relocate/reorient the |
|
3. NOTE : This product has been tested and found to |
antenna. If the antenna lead-in is 300 ohm ribbon lead, |
|
comply with the requirements listed in FCC Regulations, |
change the lead-in to coaxial type cable. |
|
Part 15 for Class “B” digital devices. Compliance with |
If these corrective measures do not produce satisfactory |
|
these requirements provides a reasonable level of |
||
results, please contact the local retailer authorized to |
||
assurance that your use of this product in a residential |
||
distribute this type of product. If you can not locate the |
||
environment will not result in harmful interference with |
||
appropriate retailer, please contact Yamaha Electronics |
||
other electronic devices. |
||
Corp., U.S.A. 6660 Orangethorpe Ave, Buena Park, CA |
||
This equipment generates/uses radio frequencies and, if |
||
90620. |
||
not installed and used according to the instructions |
The above statements apply ONLY to those products |
|
found in the users manual, may cause interference |
||
distributed by Yamaha Corporation of America or its |
||
harmful to the operation of other electronic devices. |
||
subsidiaries. |
||
|
We Want You Listening For A Lifetime
YAMAHA and the Electronic Industries Association’s Consumer Electronics Group want you to get the most out of your equipment by playing it at a safe level. One that lets the sound come through loud and clear without annoying blaring or distortion – and, most importantly, without affecting your sensitive hearing.
Since hearing damage from loud sounds is often undetectable until it is too late, YAMAHA and the Electronic Industries Association’s Consumer Electronics Group recommend you to avoid prolonged exposure from excessive volume levels.
1
CONTENTS
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS.... |
Inside the Front Cover |
SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES |
...........................2 |
FEATURES ..................................................... |
3 |
CAUTION ........................................................ |
4 |
NOTES ABOUT THE REMOTE CONTROL |
|
TRANSMITTER ............................................... |
5 |
PROFILE OF THIS UNIT ................................ |
6 |
SPEAKER SETUP .......................................... |
7 |
CONNECTIONS .............................................. |
8 |
CONTROLS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS |
........12 |
SPEAKER BALANCE ADJUSTMENT .......... |
16 |
BASIC OPERATIONS ................................... |
18 |
TUNING OPERATIONS ................................ |
20 |
PRESET TUNING ......................................... |
21 |
USING DIGITAL SOUND FIELD |
|
PROCESSOR (DSP) .................................... |
24 |
TROUBLESHOOTING .................................. |
27 |
SPECIFICATIONS ......................................... |
28 |
SUPPLIED ACCESSORIES
After unpacking, check that the following parts are included.
● |
Indoor FM Antenna |
● |
Remote Control Transmitter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
DISC SKIP |
|
|
PHONO |
|
|
|
SKIP |
|
CD |
|
|
|
|
— PRESET + |
A/B/C/D/E TUNER |
||
|
|
|
DIR A |
|
DIR B |
TAPE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
VIDEO |
|
|
|
REC/PAUSE |
|
A/B |
VCR |
● |
AM Loop Antenna |
|
TEST |
|
— DELAY TIME + |
|
|
|
|
PRO LOGIC |
3 STEREO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DSP |
|
|
|
|
|
SUR. |
|
|
|
|
|
HALL |
ROCK |
|
EFFECT |
|
|
|
POWER |
SLEEP |
— VOLUME + |
|
● |
Antenna adapter |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(U.S.A. and Canada models only) |
● |
Batteries (size AA, R6, UM-3) |
|
2
●5 Speaker Configuration
(Power Amp. Section)
Main: 50W + 50W (8Ω ) RMS Output
Power, 0.04% THD, 20–20,000 Hz Center: 50W (8Ω ) RMS Output
Power, 0.04% THD, 1 kHz Rear: 20W (8Ω ) RMS Output
Power, 0.04% THD, 1 kHz
●Digital Sound Field Processor
●Dolby Pro Logic Surround Decoder
●Automatic Input Balance Control for Dolby Pro Logic Surround
●Test Tone Generator for Easier Speaker Balance Adjustment
●3 Center Channel Modes (NORM/WIDE/PHANTOM)
●40-Station Random Access Preset Tuning
●Automatic Preset Tuning
●Preset Station Shifting Capability (Preset Editing)
●IF Count Direct PLL Synthesizer Tuning System
●Video Signal Input/Output Capability
●SLEEP Timer
●Remote Control Capability
English
3
CAUTION : READ THIS BEFORE OPERATING YOUR UNIT.
1.To assure the finest performance, please read this manual carefully. Keep it in a safe place for future reference.
2.Install this unit in a cool, dry, clean place – away from windows, heat sources, sources of excessive vibration, dust, moisture and cold. Avoid sources of humming (transformers, motors). To prevent fire or electrical shock, do not expose the unit to rain or water.
3.Never open the cabinet. If something drops into the set, contact your dealer.
4.Do not use force on switches, controls or connection wires. When moving the unit, first disconnect the power plug and the wires connected to other equipment. Never pull the wires themselves.
5.The openings on the cabinet assure proper ventilation of the unit. If these openings are obstructed, the temperature inside the cabinet will rise rapidly. Therefore, avoid placing objects against these openings, and install the unit in wellventilated condition. Be sure to allow a space of at least 20 cm behind, 20 cm on the both sides and 30 cm above the top panel of the unit. Otherwise it may not only damage the unit, but also cause fire.
6.Always set the VOLUME control to “–∞ ” before starting the audio source play. Increase the volume gradually to an appropriate level after playback has been started.
7.Do not attempt to clean the unit with chemical solvents; this might damage the finish. Use a clean, dry cloth.
8.Be sure to read the “TROUBLESHOOTING” section regarding common operating errors before concluding that the unit is faulty.
9.When not planning to use this unit for long periods of time (ie., vacation, etc.), disconnect the AC power plug from the wall outlet.
10.To prevent lightning damage, disconnect the AC power plug and antenna cable when there is an electrical storm.
11.Grounding or polarization – Precautions should be taken so that the grounding or polarization of an appliance is not defeated.
12.Do not connect audio equipment to the AC outlet on the rear panel if the equipment requires more power than the outlet is rated to provide.
13.Voltage Selector (China and General Models only)
The voltage selector on the rear panel of this unit must be set for your local main voltage BEFORE plugging into the AC main supply.
Voltages are 110/120/220/240 V AC, 50/60 Hz.
This unit is not disconnected from the AC power source as long as it is connected to the wall outlet, even if this unit itself is turned off. This state is called the standby mode. In this state, this unit is designed to consume a very small quantity of power.
FOR CANADIAN CUSTOMERS
TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK, MATCH WIDE BLADE OF PLUG TO WIDE SLOT AND FULLY INSERT.
THIS CLASS B DIGITAL APPARATUS MEETS ALL REQUIREMENTS OF THE CANADIAN INTERFERENCECAUSING EQUIPMENT REGULATIONS.
FREQUENCY STEP switch (China and General Models only)
Because the interstation frequency spacing differs in different areas, set the FREQUENCY STEP switch (located at the rear) according to the frequency spacing in your area. Before setting this switch, disconnect the AC power plug of this unit from the AC outlet.
WARNING
Do not change the IMPEDANCE SELECTOR switch setting while the power to this unit is on, otherwise this unit may be damaged.
IF THIS UNIT FAILS TO TURN ON WHEN THE STANDBY/ON SWITCH IS PRESSED;
The IMPEDANCE SELECTOR switch may not be set to either end. If so, set the switch to either end when this unit is in the standby mode.
IMPEDANCE SELECTOR
(U.S.A. model)
IMPEDANCE SELECTOR |
|
SET BEFORE POWER ON |
|
REAR SINGLE:6ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
|
|
DUAL:3ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
CENTER |
6ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
MAIN |
4ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
REAR SINGLE:8ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
|
|
DUAL:4ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
CENTER |
8ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
MAIN |
8ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
|
AC OUTLETS |
|
I20V 60Hz |
I00W MAX. TOTAL |
|
|
SWITCHED |
4
Battery installation |
|
|
|
|
|
Remote control transmitter operation range |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
2 |
3 |
Remote control |
|
|
sensor
Within approximately 6 m (19.7 feet)
30 |
|
° |
° |
30 |
|
|
|
English
Battery replacement
If you find that the remote control transmitter must be used closer to the main unit, the batteries are weak. Replace both batteries with new ones.
Notes
●Use only AA, R6, UM-3 batteries for replacement.
●Be sure the polarities are correct. (See the illustration inside the battery compartment.)
●Remove the batteries if the remote control transmitter is not used for an extended period of time.
●If batteries leak, dispose of them immediately. Avoid touching the leaked material or letting it come in contact with clothing, etc. Clean the battery compartment thoroughly before installing new batteries.
Notes
●There should be no large obstacles between the remote control transmitter and the main unit.
●If the remote control sensor is directly illuminated by strong lighting (especially an inverter type of fluorescent lamp etc.), it might cause the remote control transmitter not to work correctly. In this case, reposition the main unit to avoid direct lighting.
5
You are the proud owner of a Yamaha stereo receiver –an extremely sophisticated audio component. The Digital Sound Field Processor (DSP) built into this unit takes advantage of Yamaha’s undisputed leadership in the field of digital audio processing to bring you a whole new world of listening experiences. Follow the instructions in this manual carefully when setting up your system, and this unit will sonically transform your room into a totally new listening environment. In addition, you will get incredible realism from sources encoded with Dolby Surround using the built-in Dolby Pro Logic Surround Decoder.
Please read this operation manual carefully and store it in a safe place for later reference.
Digital Sound Field Processing
What is it that makes live music so good? Today’s advanced sound reproduction technology enables you to get extremely close to the sound of a live performance, but chances are you’ll still notice something missing: the acoustic environment of the live concert hall. Extensive research into the exact nature of the sonic reflections that create the ambience of a large hall has made it possible for Yamaha engineers to bring you this same sound in your own listening room, so you’ll feel all the sound of a live concert.
Furthermore, our technicians, armed with sophisticated measuring equipment, have even made it possible to capture the acoustics of actual music venues to allow you to accurately recreate live performance environments in your own home.
Dolby Pro Logic Surround
This unit employs a Dolby Pro Logic Surround decoder similar to professional Dolby Stereo decoders used in many movie theaters. By using the Dolby Pro Logic Surround decoder, you can experience the dramatic realism and impact of Dolby Stereo theater sound in your own home.
Dolby Pro Logic employs a four-channel-five-speaker system. The Pro Logic Surround system divides the input signal into four levels: the left and right main channels, the center channel (used for dialog), and the rear surround sound channel (used for sound effects, background noise, and other ambient noises). The center channel allows listeners seated in even less-than-ideal positions to hear the dialog originating from the action on the screen while experiencing good stereo imaging.
Dolby Surround is encoded on many sound tracks of prerecorded video tapes, laserdiscs, and some TV/cable broadcasts. When you play a source encoded with Dolby Surround on this unit, the Dolby Pro Logic Surround decoder decodes the signal and supplies the surround-sound effects to you.
In addition, this unit features a built-in automatic input balance control. This always assures you of the best performance without manual adjustment.
Manufactured under license from Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation. “Dolby”, the double-D symbol and “Pro Logic” are trademarks of Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation.
6
SPEAKERS TO BE USED
This unit is designed to provide the best sound-field quality with a 5-speaker configuration. The most effective speakers to use with this unit are main speakers, rear speakers and a center speaker. You can use only one rear speaker instead of using two rear speakers, and omit the center speaker. (Refer to the “SPEAKER CONFIGURATION” shown below.)
The main speakers are used for the main source sound plus the effect sounds. They will probably be the speakers from your present stereo system. The rear speakers are used for the effect and surround sounds, and the center speaker is for the center sounds (dialog etc.) within the programs encoded with Dolby Surround. The center speaker needs to be equal in power to the main speakers although the rear speakers should not be equal. However, all the speakers should have high enough power handling to accept the maximum output of this unit.
SPEAKER CONFIGURATION
5-Speaker Configuration
This configuration is the most effective and recommended one. In this configuration, the center speaker is necessary as well as the rear speakers. If the program PRO LOGIC or 3 STEREO is selected, conversations will be output from the center speaker and the ambience will be excellent.
•Set the center channel mode to the “NORM” or “WIDE” position. (For details, refer to page 16.)
4-Speaker Configuration (without the center speaker)
The center speaker is not used in this configuration. If the program PRO LOGIC is selected, the center sound will be output from the left and the right main speakers. The program 3 STEREO has no effect in this configuration. However, the sound effect of other programs can be almost the same as that of the 5-speaker configuration.
•Be sure to set the center channel mode to the “PHANTOM” position. (For details, refer to page 16.)
Main L |
|
Center |
|
Main R |
|
Main L |
|
Center |
|
Main R |
|
Main L |
|
Main R |
|
Main L |
|
Main R |
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
English
Rear L |
|
Rear R |
|
Rear |
|
Rear L |
|
Rear R |
|
Rear |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Two rear speakers) |
(One rear speaker) |
(Two rear speakers) |
(One rear speaker) |
Note
As this unit is equipped with a monaural amplifier for the rear channel, sounds output from the rear speakers are in monaual. So, you may use only one rear speaker instead of using two rear speakers.
However, the use of two rear speakers is recommended when there is more than one listener in the listening room. When using one rear speaker, place it right behind your listening position.
SPEAKER PLACEMENT
The recommended speaker configuration, the 5-speaker configuration, will require two speaker pairs: main speakers (your normal stereo speakers), and rear speakers, plus a center speaker. When you place these speakers, refer to the following.
FroMaintRR
Center
FrontMain L
TV set
Rear R
Main: In normal position. (The position of your present stereo speaker system.)
Rear: Behind your listening position, facing slightly inward. Nearly 1.8m (approx. 6 feet) up from the floor.
Center: Precisely between the main speakers. (To avoid interference with TV sets, use a magnetically shielded speaker.)
Rear L
7
Never plug in this unit and other components until all connections are completed.
CONNECTIONS WITH OTHER COMPONENTS
When making connections between this unit and other components, be sure all connections are made correctly, that is to say L (left) to L, R (right) to R, “+” to “+” and “–” to “–”. Also, refer to the owner’s manual for each component to be connected to this unit.
*If you have YAMAHA components numbered as 1, 3, 4, etc. on the rear panel, connections can be made easily by making sure to connect the output (or input) terminals of each component to the same-numbered terminals of this unit.
|
Turntable |
Monitor TV |
Video cassette recorder |
||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OUTPUT |
GND |
|
|
IN |
|
VIDEO OUT |
AUDIO OUT |
VIDEO IN |
AUDIO IN |
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
VIDEO |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(U.S.A. model) |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IMPEDANCE SELECTOR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SET BEFORE POWER ON |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REAR SINGLE:6ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
|
|
|
75Ω |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
DUAL:3ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
|
|
UNBAL. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CENTER |
6ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MAIN |
4ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REAR |
|
|
REAR SINGLE:8ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
|
|
FM |
|
|
|
|
|
SINGLE |
|
|
|
DUAL:4ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
|
|
GND |
|
|
VIDEO SIGNAL |
|
|
|
CENTER |
8ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
|
|
ANT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
MAIN |
8ΩMIN. /SPEAKER |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|||
|
|
|
|
MONITOR |
VIDEO |
VCR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OUT |
IN |
OUT |
|
|
|
|
|
GND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AC OUTLETS |
* |
AM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I20V 60Hz |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I00W MAX. TOTAL |
|||
ANT |
|
|
AUDIO SIGNAL |
CORRECT SETTING. |
|
|
|
SWITCHED |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
PHONO |
CD |
TAPE/MD |
VIDEO |
VCR |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PLAY |
REC |
IN |
OUT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
3 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
OUTPUT |
LINE OUT |
LINE IN |
VIDEO OUT |
AUDIO OUT |
|
CD player |
Tape deck, |
LD player, |
||
|
|
MD recorder, etc. |
DVD player, etc. |
||
*1, *2 |
: See page 10. |
|
|
|
|
To AC outlet
8