Philips Avalon FM20, Avalon FM30 Service manual

Obstetrical Care

S E R V I C E G U I D E

Avalon Fetal Monitor

FM20

FM30

F E T A L M O N I T O R I N G

Printed in Germany 07/05

*M2703-9000A*

Part Number M2703-9000A

4512 610 10021

S

Table of Contents

1	Introduction	1
	Who Should Read This Guide	1
	What to Do Next	1
	Repair Strategy	2
	Manufacturer’s Information	2
	Passwords	3
	Warnings and Cautions	3
2	Site Preparation	5
	Introduction	5
	Site Planning	5
	Roles and Responsibilities	5
	Site Preparation Responsibilities	5
	Procedures for Local Staff	6
	Procedures for Philips Personnel	7
	Site Requirements	7
	Space Requirements	7
	Environmental Requirements	7
	Safety Requirements (Customer or Philips)	8
	Electrical Requirements (Customer or Philips)	8
	Connecting Non-Medical Devices	8
	Cabling Options and Requirements for Connection to OB TraceVue	9
	Mounting Options	9
	Input Devices	10
3	Installation Instructions	11
	Initial Inspection	11
	Mechanical Inspection	11
	Electrical Inspection	11
	Claims for Damage	11
	Repackaging for Shipment or Storage	12
	Mounting Instructions	12
	Line Voltage Selection	12
	Connecting the Monitor to AC Mains	12
	Connecting the Monitor to Non-Medical Devices	13
	Checking and Setting Line Frequency	13
	Checking/Setting Paper Scale	13
	Checking/Setting Paper Speed	13
	PS/2 Keyboard/Mouse	14

i

4	Theory of Operation	15
	Monitor Hardware Overview	15
	Power Supply	16
	Connector Block	16
	Bus Master Board	16
	Main CPU Board	16
	Fetal Recorder (Thermal Printer Unit)	16
	Recorder Adapter Board	17
	Thermal Line Printhead (TLPH)	17
	Paper Sensor	17
	Stepper Motor	17
	LCD Display and Touchscreen	17
	Noninvasive Blood Pressure Assembly	17
	SpO2 Assembly	17
	Input/Output Interface Boards	18
	Transducer Hardware Overview	18
	Transducer Types	19
	Functional Description of the Transducer CPU	19
	CPU (Micro Controller)	19
	Analog-to-Digital Converter	19
	Communication Transceiver (CAN Bus Driver)	19
	EEPROM	19
	Toco Transducer Frontend	19
	Ultrasound Transducer Frontend	20
	Toco+ Transducer Frontends	20
	Toco Frontend	20
	IUP Frontend	20
	ECG Frontend	20
5	Interfaces	21
	LAN / RS232 Interface	21
	Dual PS/2 Interface	21
6	Testing and Maintenance	23
	Recommended Frequency	23
	When to Perform Test Blocks	24
	Test Reporting	25
	How to Carry Out the Test Blocks	25
	Preventive Maintenance Procedures	26
	Other Regular Tests	26
	Visual Check	26
	Fetal Recorder Maintenance	26
	Testing Transducers and Patient Modules	26
	Ultrasound Transducer Electrical Check	26
	Toco Transducer Electrical Check	28

ii

Testing the Patient Module (M2738A)/Toco+ Transducer (M2735A): DECG Mode	28
Testing the Patient Module (M2738A)/Toco+ Transducer (M2735A): MECG Mode	29
Testing the Patient Module (M2738A)/Toco+ Transducer (M2735A): IUP Mode	30
Performance Assurance Tests	31
Noninvasive Blood Pressure Performance Tests	31
Accuracy Test	31
Leakage Test	32
Linearity Test	32
Valve Test	32
SpO2 Performance Test	32
Safety Tests	33
Warnings, Cautions, and Safety Precautions	33
Electrical Isolation Diagram	34
Safety Test Procedures	34
S(1): Sum of Functional Earth and Enclosure Leakage Current Test	34
S(2): Patient Leakage Current - Single Fault Condition (SFC), Mains on Applied Part	35
System Test	36
What is a Medical Electrical System?	36
General Requirements for a System	36
System Example	36
Touchscreen Calibration	37
Disabling/Enabling Touch Operation	38
Checking the Fetal Recorder Offset	39
Setting the Fetal Recorder Offset	39
Fetal Recorder Selftest Report	40
7 Troubleshooting	41
Who Should Perform Repairs	41
Replacement Level Supported	41
Hardware Revision Check	41
Software Revision Check	42
Obtaining Replacement Parts	42
Troubleshooting Guide	42
Checks for Obvious Problems	42
Checks Before Opening the Instrument	42
Checks with the Instrument Switched On, AC connected	43
Individual Parameter INOPs	43
Initial Instrument Boot Phase	44
Troubleshooting Tables	44
How to Use the Troubleshooting Tables	44
Boot Phase Failures	45
Screen is Blank	46
Touchscreen Not Functioning	46
General Monitor INOP Messages	47
Keyboard/Mouse Not Functioning	48
Alarm Tones	48

iii

	Alarm Behavior	48
	Fetal Recorder	48
	LAN / RS232	51
	Transducers	52
	Status Log	53
	Troubleshooting with the Support Tool	54
	Troubleshooting the Individual Measurements or Applications	54
8	Disassembly and Reassembly	55
	Introduction	55
	Serial Numbers	56
	Removing the Top Cover Assembly	57
	Removing the Display Assembly	59
	Replacing the Display Assembly	62
	Recorder Disassembly	64
	Removing the Drawer Assembly	64
	Replacing the Drawer Assembly	66
	Removing the Recorder Chassis	68
	Removing the Thermal Line Printhead (TLPH)	72
	Replacing the TLPH	73
	Replacing the Recorder Chassis	74
	Removing the Paper Sensor Assembly	75
	Replacing the Paper Sensor Assembly	75
	Removing the Recorder Adapter Board	75
	Replacing the Recorder Adapter Board	77
	Removing the Stepper Motor	78
	Replacing the Stepper Motor	79
	Replacing the Top Cover Assembly	80
	Removing the Power Supply Assembly	81
	Replacing the Power Supply Assembly	82
	Removing the Noninvasive Blood Pressure Assembly	82
	Replacing the Noninvasive Blood Pressure Assembly	84
	Removing the SpO2 Assembly	85
	Replacing the SpO2 Assembly	86
	Removing the Interface Boards	87
	Removing the Main CPU Board	88
	Replacing the Main CPU Board	89
	Exchanging the Loudspeaker	89
	Exchanging the Transducer Cable	90
	Exchanging the Transducer Belt Button	92
9	Parts	95
	Monitor	95
	Transducers	96
	Patient Modules	97
	Mounting Hardware	97

iv

Assembly and Kit Contents	98
Bottom Housing Assembly (M2703-64101)	98
Power Supply Assembly (M2703-60001)	99
Top Cover Assembly (M2703-60052)	99
Top Cover Housing (M2703-64102)	100
Stepper Motor Assembly (M2703-60004)	100
Paper Sensor Assembly (M2703-60003)	100
Drawer Assembly (M2703-64651)	100
Display Assembly (M2703-64503)	101
Transducer Cable Assembly (M2735-64201)	101
Small Parts Kit - Top (M2735-64202)	102
Small Parts Kit - Bottom (M2703-64203)	102
Belt Button Kit (M2703-64204)	102
10 Upgrades	105
11 Understanding Configuration	107
What is Configuration Mode?	107
Understanding Settings	108
Entering and Leaving Configuration Mode	108
Storing Changes in the User Defaults	109
Loading the Factory Default	109
Loading the User Defaults	110
Loading Configurations Using the Support Tool	110
About Configuration Files (.cfg)	111
Selecting the Correct Configuration	111
12 Configuration Settings Appendix	113
Documenting Monitor Configurations	113
Using the Configuration Tables	113
Configuration Table Example	114
Understanding Configuration Implications	114
Measurement-Related Settings	115
Color Configuration	115
Configuring FHR (Ultrasound)	115
FHR Configuration Implications	115
Configuring Toco	116
Configuring IUP	116
Configuring DFHR (DECG)	116
DFHR Configuration Implications	116
Configuring MHR (ECG)	117
ECG Configuration Implications	117
Configuring Pulse	118
Configuring SpO2	119
SpO2 Configuration Implications	119
Configuring Noninvasive Blood Pressure (NBP)	119

v

NBP Configuration Implications

120

Monitor-Related Settings	121
Configuring Alarms	121
Alarm Settings Configuration Implications	121
Configuring the NST Timer	122
NST Timer Configuration Implications	122
Configuring Fetal Recorder Settings	122
Recorder Configuration Implications	123
Configuring User Interface Settings	123
User Interface Configuration Implications	124
Hardware Settings	124
Global Settings	125
Global Settings Configuration Implications	125

vi

1

Introduction

This Service Guide contains technical details for the Avalon FM20 and FM30 Fetal/Maternal Monitors. It provides a technical foundation to support effective troubleshooting and repair. It is not a comprehensive, in-depth explanation of the product architecture or technical implementation. It offers enough information on the functions and operations of the monitoring systems so that engineers who repair them are better able to understand how they work. It covers the physiological measurements and the monitor hardware that acquires and displays them.

The Avalon FM20/FM30 Fetal Monitor Service Guide supplements the maintenance and troubleshooting procedures, carried out by the operator, that are described in the Instructions for Use. Refer to the Instructions for Use for maintenance and troubleshooting procedures that may be performed during normal operation.

Only qualified service personnel should attempt to install the system, disassemble the monitor, remove or replace any internal assemblies, or replace the transducer cable or belt buttons.

Who Should Read This Guide

This guide is for biomedical engineers or technicians responsible for troubleshooting, repairing, and maintaining Philips’ Avalon fetal monitors.

You must:

•understand English

•be familiar with standard medical equipment installation procedures

•be familiar with current conventional technical terms as used throughout this guide

What to Do Next

Familiarize yourself with the contents of this guide and the Instructions for Use before attempting to service or repair the system.

1

1 Introduction

Repair Strategy

Repair Strategy

The Service Support Tool software helps you to determine whether a fault is a hardware or software problem. The main replaceable parts are:

•unit exchange for the transducers

•replacement of

–the top cover assembly

–the bottom housing

–the power supply assembly

–the display assembly

–the recorder adapter board

–the paper drawer assembly

–the paper sensor assembly

–the stepper motor assembly

–the SpO2 assembly

–the noninvasive blood pressure assembly

–the main CPU board

–the bus master board

–the socket connector block

–the transducer cable

–the transducer belt button

See Chapter 9, “Parts” for part numbers, and Chapter 8, “Disassembly and Reassembly” for repair details.

Repair or replacement of individual components on the boards is not supported, and should never be attempted.

For tests that you are required to perform after repairs, refer to “When to Perform Test Blocks” on page 24.

Manufacturer’s Information

© Copyright 2003 - 2005. Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.

All Rights Reserved.

Philips Medizin Systeme Böblingen GmbH

Hewlett-Packard-Str. 2

71034 Böblingen, Germany

2

Passwords

1 Introduction

Passwords

In order to access different modes within the monitor a password may be required. The passwords are listed below.

Monitoring Mode: No password required

Configuration Mode: 71034

Demo Mode: 14432

Service Mode: 1345

Refer to Chapter 11, “Understanding Configuration” before making any changes to the monitor configuration.

Warnings and Cautions

In this guide:

•A warning alerts you to a potential serious outcome, adverse event or safety hazard. Failure to observe a warning may result in death or serious injury to the user or patient.

•A caution alerts you where special care is necessary for the safe and effective use of the product. Failure to observe a caution may result in minor or moderate personal injury or damage to the product or other property, and possibly in a remote risk of more serious injury.

3

1 Introduction

Warnings and Cautions

4

2

Site Preparation

Introduction

This section describes the procedures you should follow to plan and prepare a site for an Avalon FM20/FM30 fetal monitor installation.

•Site planning.

•Roles and responsibilities for local and Philips personnel.

Site Planning

The careful planning of the site for the FM20/FM30 monitor is essential for its safe and efficient operation. A consulting schedule should be established between the Customer and Philips Sales and Support Representatives, to ensure that all preparations are completed when the system is delivered.

The site planning phases prior to equipment installation are:

Location: Planning the location of the various system components.

Environment: Confirming and correcting, as necessary, the environment of the proposed installation site(s).

System Capabilities: Explaining the possibilities for system expansion.

Mounting: Referencing the mounting hardware information website for the listing of suitable mounting hardware recommended for use with the various system components, and all details on the available mounts and accessories.

Cabling: Identifying the requirements for the cabling, conduiting and faceplates for connecting the various system components.

Roles and Responsibilities

This section describes the procedures necessary to prepare a site for a system installation. The procedures are grouped into two parts: procedures that local staff or contractors are responsible for, and procedures that Philips personnel are responsible for.

Site Preparation Responsibilities

Local Staff

•Ensure that all safety, environmental and power requirements are met.

•Provide power outlets.

•Prepare mounts, and consult Philips for detailed mounting requirements.

5

2 Site Preparation

Introduction

• Pull cables, install conduit, install wallboxes.

Philips Personnel

•Provide the customer with the safety, environmental and power requirements.

•Assemble mounts, as necessary.

•Provide requirements for cabling.

Procedures for Local Staff

The following tasks must be completed before the procedures for Philips personnel may be started.

•Providing Power Outlets

Provide a power outlet in the vicinity (1 m or 3 ft) or any peripheral equipment.

WARNING Only the power cables provided with the system may be used. For reasons of safety, power (mains) extension cables or adapters shall not be used.

•Preparing Mounts

Where ceiling, wall, or shelf mounts are required for mounting the equipment, the customer is responsible for the following:

–Providing and installing all hardware which is required to install the mounting hardware supplied by Philips as detailed in the installation notes.

–Making sure that all ceilings, walls, and mounting rails that supports mounting hardware are suitable for their proposed load.

WARNING It is the customer's responsibility to have the attachment of the mounting hardware to the ceiling, wall, or mounting rail and the construction of the ceiling, wall, or mounting rail evaluated for structural integrity and compliance with all local, state and any other required codes by a registered, professional, structural and/or mechanical engineer.

Although considerable effort has been made to ensure the safety of the ceiling mount installation and or mounting guidelines, it is to be understood that the installation itself is beyond the control of Philips Medical Systems. Accordingly, Philips Medical Systems will not be responsible for the failure of any such installation.

•Providing Conduit

–Providing conduit and/or trunking of a sufficient cross-sectional area for the planned cables and possible future expansion (for additional components or systems).

–Providing and/or installing suitable wall boxes to accommodate the faceplates.

•Pulling Cables

WARNING NEVER run power cables through the same conduit or trunking used for system cables.

• Installing Wall Boxes

6

Site Requirements

2 Site Preparation

It is the customer's responsibility to provide and install wallboxes to house faceplates. The customer must notify the Philips installation coordinator of which size is to be used.

Procedures for Philips Personnel

Before you begin the procedures in the installation sections, ensure that the customer has completed all necessary preparations outlined in the previous section, “Procedures for Local Staff.”

Site Requirements

The site requirements are listed in this section.

Space Requirements

The situating of the monitor should be planned such that the nursing staff are able to monitor the patient with relative ease, with all patient connectors and controls readily available and the displays clearly visible. The location should also allow access to service personnel without excessive disruption and should have sufficient clearance all round to allow air circulation.

Dimensions and weight:

Monitor:

Size (W x H x D): 335 x 286 x 133 mm (13.2 x 11.3 x 5.2 in)

Weight; 5.1 kg (11.2 lb)

Transducer:

Size (diameter): 83 mm (3.27 in)

Weight (without cable): 190g (6.7 oz.)

Environmental Requirements

The environment where the FM20/FM30 monitor will be used should be reasonably free from vibration, dust and corrosive or explosive gases. The ambient operating and storage conditions for the FM20/FM30 monitor must be observed. If these conditions are not met, the accuracy of the system will be affected and damage can occur.

.

Monitor (M2702A/M2703A)

Temperature Range	Operating	0°C to 45°C (32°F to 113°F)
	Storage	-20°C to 60°C (-4°F to 140°F)
Humidity Range	Operating	<95% relative humidity @ 40°C/104°F
	Storage	<90% relative humidity @ 60°C/140°F
Altitude Range	Operating	-500 to 3000 m/-1640 to 9840 ft.
	Storage	-500 to 3000 m/-1640 to 9840 ft.

Transducers (M2734A/M2735A/M2736A)

Temperature Range	Operating	0°C to 40°C (32°F to 104°F)
	Storage	-40°C to 60°C (-40°F to 140°F)

7

2 Site Preparation

Site Requirements

Transducers (M2734A/M2735A/M2736A)

Humidity Range	Operating	<95% relative humidity @ 40°C/104°F
	Storage	<90% relative humidity @ 60°C/140°F
Altitude Range	Operating	-500 to 3000 m/-1640 to 9840 ft.
	Storage	-500 to 3000 m/-1640 to 9840 ft.

SpO2 Sensors

Operating Temperature Range	0°C to 37°C (32°F to 98.6°F)

Safety Requirements (Customer or Philips)

The monitor is an electrical Class II device in which the protection against electric shock does not rely on basic insulation and a protective earth conductor but on double and/or reinforced insulation.

WARNING • Always use the supplied power cord with the earthed mains plug to connect the monitor to an earthed AC mains socket. Never adapt the mains plug from the power supply to fit an unearthed AC mains socket.

•The protective earth conductor is required for EMC purposes. It has no protective function against electric shock! The protection against electric shock in this device is provided by double and/or reinforced insulation.

•Do not use additional AC mains extension cords or multiple portable socket-outlets. If a multiple portable socket-outlet without an approved isolation transformer is used, the interruption of its protective earthing may result in enclosure leakage currents equal to the sum of the individual earth leakage currents, so exceeding allowable limits.

Electrical Requirements (Customer or Philips)

Line Voltage Connection

The FM20/FM30 monitor uses < 60 W.

Line Voltage: the FM20/FM30 monitor may be operated on ac line voltage ranges of 100 to 240V (50/60 Hz).

Connecting Non-Medical Devices

The standard IEC-60601-1-1 applies to any combination of devices, where at least one is a medical device. Therefore IEC-60601-1-1 must still be met after all devices are connected.

8

Site Requirements 2 Site Preparation

WARNING • Do not use a device in the patient vicinity if it does not comply with IEC-60601-1. The whole installation, including devices outside of the patient vicinity, must comply with IEC-60601-1-1. Any non-medical device, including a PC running an OB TraceVue system, placed and operated in the patient’s vicinity must be powered via an approved isolation transformer that ensures mechanical fixing of the power cords and covering of any unused power outlets.

• Do not connect any devices that are not supported as part of a system.

Whenever you combine equipment to form a system, for example, connecting the monitor to an OB TraceVue system, perform a system test according to IEC 60601-1-1 (see “System Test” on page 36).

Figure 1 Equipment Location in the Patient Vicinity

Cabling Options and Requirements for Connection to OB TraceVue

For cabling options and requirements for connection to an OB TraceVue system, refer to the OB

TraceVue Site Preparation Guide and the OB TraceVue Service Guide.

Mounting Options

See “Mounting Hardware” on page 97 for a list of mounting options. Refer to “Mounting Instructions” on page 12, or contact your local Philips representative for advice on mounting the monitor.

9

2 Site Preparation

Site Requirements

Input Devices

The following tables describes the input devices which can be connected to the monitor via the optional PS/2 interface.

Product Option	Part Number	12NC Part	Description
Number		Number
M8024A #A01	862454	9898 031 24741	Slimline Keyboard with integrated Trackball
M8024A #B01	M4046-60104	4512 610 00661	Optical Mouse USB / PS/2
M8024A #C01	M4046-60103	4512 610 00651	Wired Track Ball USB / PS2
M8024A #C02	M4046-60105	4512 610 00671	Wireless Track Ball
M8024A #C03	M4046-60106	4512 610 00681	Wired off table Track Mouse

10

3

Installation Instructions

The information contained in this chapter, in addition to that given in the Instructions for Use, should enable the monitor to be installed ready for use (the preparation and planning should be adhered to as specified in the “Site Preparation” chapter). Safety checks and inspection procedures for mounts are explained in the “Testing and Maintenance” chapter, and configuration of the system is explained in the “Configuration” chapter.

Please keep the packing materials until you have completed the initial inspection, in case there is a defect on arrival.

Initial Inspection

Inspect the delivery on arrival.

Mechanical Inspection

Open the shipping container(s) and examine each part of the instrument for visible damage, such as broken connectors or controls, or scratches on the equipment surfaces. If the shipping carton/container is undamaged, check the cushioning material and note any signs of severe stress as an indication of rough handling in transit. This may be necessary to support claims for hidden damage that may only become apparent during subsequent testing.

Electrical Inspection

The instrument has undergone extensive testing prior to shipment. Safety testing at installation is not required (except in situations where devices are interconnected forming a system, see “Connecting Non-Medical Devices” on page 143). An extensive self check may be performed. This recommendation does not supersede local requirements.

All tests are described in the “Testing and Maintenance” chapter of this manual.

Claims for Damage

When the equipment is received, if physical damage is evident or if the monitor does not meet the specified operational requirements of the patient safety checks or the extended self check, notify the carrier and the nearest Philips Sales/Support Office at once. Philips will arrange for immediate repair or replacement of the instrument without waiting for the claim settlement by the carrier.

11

3 Installation Instructions

Repackaging for Shipment or Storage

Repackaging for Shipment or Storage

If the instrument is to be shipped to a Philips Sales/Support Office, securely attach a label showing the name and address of the owner, the instrument model and serial numbers, and the repair required (or symptoms of the fault). If available and reusable, the original Philips packaging should be used to provide adequate protection during transit. If the original Philips packaging is not available or reusable please contact the Philips Sales/Support Office who will provide information about adequate packaging materials and methods.

Mounting Instructions

Every type of compatible mounting solution is delivered with a complete set of mounting hardware and instructions. Refer to the Site prep chapter for a list of mounting options. Refer to the documentation delivered with the mounting hardware for instructions on assembling mounts.

WARNING It is the customer's responsibility to have the attachment of the mounting hardware to the ceiling, wall, or mounting rail and the construction of the ceiling, wall, or mounting rail evaluated for structural integrity and compliance with all local, state and any other required codes by a registered, professional, structural and/or mechanical engineer.

Ensure that this commitment has been met before assembling mounts.

Line Voltage Selection

You do not need to set the line voltage, as this is done automatically by the power supply. The monitor has a wide-range power supply that allows you to operate the monitor from an AC (alternating current) power source of 100 V to 240 V (± 10%) and 50 to 60 Hz (± 5%).

Connecting the Monitor to AC Mains

The monitor is an electrical Class II device in which the protection against electric shock does not rely on basic insulation and a protective earth conductor but on double and/or reinforced insulation.

WARNING • Always use the supplied power cord with the earthed mains plug to connect the monitor to an earthed AC mains socket. Never adapt the mains plug from the power supply to fit an unearthed AC mains socket.

•The protective earth conductor is required for EMC purposes. It has no protective function against electric shock! The protection against electric shock in this device is provided by double and/or reinforced insulation.

•Do not use AC mains extension cords or multiple portable socket-outlets.

12

Connecting the Monitor to Non-Medical Devices

3 Installation Instructions

Connecting the Monitor to Non-Medical Devices

Connect the monitor to an obstetrical surveillance system, such as OB TraceVue, via the optional system interface. For cabling requirements, refer to “Cabling Options and Requirements for Connection to OB TraceVue” on page 9. For safety-related information, refer to “Connecting NonMedical Devices” on page 8, and “System Test” on page 36.

Checking and Setting Line Frequency

Before using the monitor, check that the line frequency setting is correct for your location, and change the setting if necessary in Configuration Mode.

WARNING An incorrect line frequency setting can affect the ECG filter, and disturb the ECG measurement. Ensure the line frequency setting is correct.

To set the line frequency:

1Enter the Main Setup menu.

2Select Global Settings.

3Select Line Frequency and select 50Hz or 60Hz from the pop-up list.

Checking/Setting Paper Scale

You can check the paper Scale Type (US for paper with a scale of 30-240, or Europe for paper with a scale of 50-210) in the Fetal Recorder menu. In Monitoring Mode, you can see this setting (grayed out), but you cannot change it. It can be changed in Configuration Mode.

1Enter the Main Setup menu by selecting the SmartKey .

2Select Fetal Recorder.

3Check the current setting for Scale Type. If it is not appropriate, change it in the Fetal Recorder menu in Configuration Mode:

Select Scale Type to toggle between US and Europe.

Checking/Setting Paper Speed

You can choose a paper speed of 1, 2, or 3 centimeters per minute (cm/min). The default setting is 3 cm/min.

As a change in paper speed results in a change in the appearance of a FHR trace, you are advised to ensure ALL monitors in your institution are set to the same speed.

To set the paper speed:

1Enter the Main Setup menu using the SmartKey .

2Select Fetal Recorder.

3In the Recorder menu, you can see the current speed setting. Select Recorder Speed.

4Select the desired speed from the given choices: 1, 2 or 3 cm/min.

13

3 Installation Instructions

Checking and Setting Line Frequency

PS/2 Keyboard/Mouse

Switch off the monitor before connecting any PS/2 compatible device.

Connect the PS/2 connector to the PS/2 Interface board in the monitor at the slot indicated by the appropriate symbol.

The default keyboard language setting for all initial configurations is “US”. However, the monitor will not automatically select the best matching language for the keyboard depending on the language of its software. This means that there is no such choice as “Automatic” for the keyboard language.

To configure the keyboard language manually, go to Service Mode, select Main Setup -> Hardware -> Keyboard and then select the proper language. Please note that this setting does not clone.

14

4

Theory of Operation

This chapter describes the functional operation of the monitor and the transducers. It incorporates features of the mechanical design, indicating the physical relationship of the assemblies and components.

Monitor Hardware Overview

Connector Block

	Power		Recorder	Thermal
		Main CPU	Adapter	Printhead
	Supply
				Paper
				Sensor
				Stepper
				Motor
	Bus Master
				Touch
				Screen
			Display	Display
			Adapter
				Panel
				Backlight
				Converter

Fetal Recorder

Display Assembly

SpO2

IF Board 1

NIBP							IF Board 2

optional boards

standard boards

15

4 Theory of Operation

Power Supply

The monitor consists of nine main functional components:

•Power supply M2703-60001

•Connector Block (1253-8415)

•Bus Master Board (M2703-66460)

•Main CPU Board (M2703-66450)

•Fetal Recorder (Thermal Printer Unit)

•Display Assembly (M2703-64503)

•Noninvasive Blood Pressure Board (optional, M2703-64502)

•SpO2 Board (optional, M2703-66453)

•Input /Output Interface Boards (optional):

–LAN / RS232 (M2703-67501)

–Dual PS/2 (M8086-67501)

Power Supply

The power supply is a wide-range input switching unit, with an output of 24V. It is located in the bottom housing assembly.

Connector Block

Any compatible fetal transducer, patient module or remote event marker can be connected in any order to the monitor via the sockets on the Connector Block. The Connector Block is located on the Bus Master Board, and is exchangeable.

Bus Master Board

The signals from the transducers or sensors are conveyed from the sensor sockets on the Connector Carrier Board (M2703-66421) to the Bus Master Board (M2703-66420).

The Bus Master Board is responsible for transducer detection, communicates with the connected transducers via a CAN bus, and communicates parameter data to the Main CPU Board via a serial link for further processing and display.

Main CPU Board

The Main CPU Board controls the monitor’s human interface, and is responsible for the final processing of data from the Bus Master Board. It sends this data to the TFT display, and to the thermal printer unit for recording traces and other patient data. It also controls the optional LAN/RS232 and PS/2 interface boards.

Fetal Recorder (Thermal Printer Unit)

The fetal recorder is located in the Top Cover Assembly. The recorder consists of the following major parts:

16

LCD Display and Touchscreen

4 Theory of Operation

•Recorder Adapter Board

•Thermal Line Printhead (TLPH)

•Paper Sensor

•Stepper Motor

Recorder Adapter Board

Recorder signals are handled by the Recorder Adapter Board (M2703-66430), connected to the Main CPU Board. Video signals to the display are also wired through this board, and connection to the Display Adapter Board is made via a silver-colored 50-pin ribbon cable.

The recorder unit, including the TLPH, is connected to the Recorder Adapter Board via a white 50-pin, ribbon cable. The stepper motor and the paper sensor are also connected to the Recorder Adapter Board. The Recorder Adapter Board is connected to the Main CPU Board via a 154-pin connector.

Thermal Line Printhead (TLPH)

The TLPH is located on its own holder in the recorder chassis.

Paper Sensor

The paper sensor hardware consists of a reflective light sensor that detects the black marks on the trace paper, and paper-out. It is attached to the RFI Bracket, and connected to the Recorder Adapter Board via a removable cable connector.

Stepper Motor

The stepper motor is a bipolar motor controlled by a micro-stepping motor driver on the Recorder Adapter Board. The motor is located on the recorder chassis and is connected to the Recorder Adapter Board via a removable cable connector.

LCD Display and Touchscreen

The LCD Display Assembly consists of a four-wire resistive touchscreen, a 6.5” TFT panel, and a backlight inverter, all connected to the Display Adapter Board (M2703-66440) and fitted into the display housing.

The board is connected to the Recorder Adapter Board (M2703-66430) via a 50-pin ribbon cable. The green power LED is incorporated into the Display Adapter Board.

Noninvasive Blood Pressure Assembly

The optional Noninvasive Blood Pressure Assembly (M2703-64602) is located in the front lefthand corner of the bottom housing assembly. It is connected via a serial link to the Main CPU Board.

SpO2 Assembly

The optional SpO2 Assembly (M2703-64603) is physically located on the Bus Master Board, but sends data directly to the Main CPU Board via a serial link.

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4 Theory of Operation

Input/Output Interface Boards

Input/Output Interface Boards

There are two optional interface boards available:

•LAN/RS232 Interface Board, used for connecting to a PC running the Support Tool and to a surveillance and documentation system such OB TraceVue.

•PS/2 Interface Board, used for connecting an external keyboard or mouse.

The interface boards plug into the two interface slots on the underside of the device, and are controlled by the Main CPU Board.

Transducer Hardware Overview

	EEPROM	Transducer
		cable
Analog/ Digital conversion		Master Clock recovery
A
Analog Signal		Communication Transceiver
D	Signal
	processor
Timing and Mode Control
		Power and
		Identification
	Power supply
	and reset
		Transducer CPU board
	Ultrasound frontend board
	or alternatively

TOCO/ECG frontend board

1

18

Transducer Types

4 Theory of Operation

Transducer Types

Transducers consist of the following types:

•US

•Toco

•Toco+ (includes DECG/MECG and IUP capability)

They all share the same power supply, and analog-to-digital conversion circuitries. The processor software is also the same for all transducers. The frontends, however, are specific to each transducer type.

Functional Description of the Transducer CPU

The CPU section of the transducers is made up of the following main functional blocks:

•CPU (micro controller)

•Analog-to-Digital Converter

•Communication Transceiver (CAN bus driver)

•EEPROM

CPU (Micro Controller)

A single-chip processor is used to control the transducer, generate the frontend control signals, control the analog-to-digital signal conversion, and to perform the signal processing.

Analog-to-Digital Converter

Analog-to-digital (A/D) signal conversion is carried out by the 16-bit AD converter. Digital signals are directly communicated from the A/D converter to the CPU.

Communication Transceiver (CAN Bus Driver)

The communications transceiver (CAN bus driver) communicates directly with the transducer CPU, and allows the transducer to communicate with the Bus Master Board via the CAN bus.

EEPROM

The serial EEPROM stores all non-volatile data required to operate the transducer (for example, calibration and correction factors for frontend gains and offsets, country-specific information, serial numbers and error logs).

Toco Transducer Frontend

Uterine activity is measured by evaluating the hardness of the mother’s abdomen with a pressure sensitive resistor bridge (strain gauge sensor element). The strain gauge sensor element requires an excitation voltage and its differential output signal is proportional to the pressure applied to it. A DC excitation voltage is used, and the resulting output signal is fed directly to an A/D signal converter before being sent to the processor.

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4 Theory of Operation

Ultrasound Transducer Frontend

Ultrasound Transducer Frontend

The ultrasound frontend is a pulsed Doppler system with a 1.0 MHz ultrasound frequency, and a pulse repetition rate of 3 kHz. Seven ultrasound crystals are used as transmitter and receiver.

Toco+ Transducer Frontends

Several parameter frontends are combined on one board. In addition to the Toco frontend, additional supported parameters are DECG, MECG and IUP.

A seven-pin ‘D-type’ socket carries all parameter related inputs and outputs. An external mode resistor, connected to one of the pins, automatically detects which mode to set when an adapter cable is plugged in (whether it is DECG, MECG, or IUP).

Toco Frontend

See “Toco Transducer Frontend” on page 19.

IUP Frontend

Intrauterine pressure (IUP) is measured via a piezo resistive bridge with AC excitation connected to the RA / LA input pins of the ECG amplifier. A/D conversion of the IUP signal is done by the 16-bit A/D converter.

ECG Frontend

The ECG frontend measures both DECG and MECG, using a 3-lead system (RA, LA and reference electrode). The ECG mode is automatically detected when an adapter cable is attached. Input lines are ESD protected.

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5

Interfaces

There are two interface boards available as options for the Avalon fetal monitors:

•LAN / RS232 system interface

•Dual PS/2 interface

Dual PS/2 system

interface

LAN / RS232 system

interface

The interfaces are “plug-and-play” boards, and fit into dedicated slots on the underside of the monitor. See “Removing the Interface Boards” on page 87 for details of how to remove and fit the boards.

LAN / RS232 Interface

The LAN / RS232 system interface has two fully isolated ports:

•The LAN connection can be used for connecting the monitor to PC for configuration or upgrade using the Support Tool, and for future system expansion.

•The RS232 connection can be used for connecting the monitor to an obstetrical information and surveillance system, such as OB TraceVue.

Dual PS/2 Interface

This interface provides two PS/2 ports to enable the monitor to be connected to off-the-shelf, “plug-and- play” input devices:

•Mouse: any specified PS/2 mouse or trackball may be used for navigation and data entry.

•Computer keyboard: a PS/2 computer keyboard can be used for data entry instead of the on-screen pop-up keyboard.

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5 Interfaces

Dual PS/2 Interface

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