Order No: PHAAM1006051C3
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Indoor Unit |
Outdoor Unit |
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CS-C18KKS |
CU-C18KKS |
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CS-C24KKS |
CU-C24KKS |
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WARNING
This service information is designed for experienced repair technicians only and is not designed for use by the general public.
It does not contain warnings or cautions to advise non-technical individuals of potential dangers in attempting to service a product. Products powered by electricity should be serviced or repaired only by experienced professional technicians. Any attempt to service or repair the products dealt with in this service information by anyone else could result in serious injury or death.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. |
Safety Precautions............................................. |
3 |
10. Printed Circuit Board ....................................... |
17 |
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2. |
Specification....................................................... |
5 |
10.1 |
Indoor Unit.................................................. |
17 |
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3. |
Features .............................................................. |
7 |
11. Installation Instruction..................................... |
20 |
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4. |
Location of Controls and Components ........... |
8 |
11.1 |
Select the Best Location ............................ |
20 |
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4.1 |
Indoor Unit |
8 |
11.2 |
Indoor Unit.................................................. |
21 |
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11.3 |
Outdoor Unit |
25 |
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4.2 |
Outdoor Unit |
8 |
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4.3 |
Remote Control ............................................ |
8 |
12. Operation Control............................................. |
29 |
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5. |
Dimensions......................................................... |
9 |
12.1 |
Cooling Operation ...................................... |
29 |
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5.1 |
Indoor Unit |
9 |
12.2 |
Soft Dry Operation...................................... |
30 |
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12.3 |
Automatic Operation |
31 |
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5.2 |
Outdoor Unit |
10 |
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12.4 |
Indoor Fan Speed Control |
32 |
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6. |
Refrigeration Cycle Diagram........................... |
11 |
12.5 |
Outdoor Fan Speed Control ....................... |
34 |
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7. |
Block Diagram |
12 |
12.6 |
Vertical Airflow Direction Control................ |
34 |
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12.7 |
Horizontal Airflow Direction Control |
35 |
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8. |
Wiring Connection Diagram............................ |
13 |
12.8 |
Powerful Operation..................................... |
35 |
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8.1 |
CS-C18KKS CU-C18KKS |
13 |
12.9 |
Quiet Operation .......................................... |
36 |
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12.10 |
Timer Control |
37 |
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8.2 |
CS-C24KKS CU-C24KKS |
14 |
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12.11 |
Random Auto Restart Control |
37 |
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9. |
Electronic Circuit Diagram .............................. |
15 |
12.12 |
Remote Control Signal Receiving Sound... |
37 |
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9.1 |
CS-C18KKS CU-C18KKS |
15 |
12.13 |
Patrol Operation ......................................... |
38 |
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12.14 |
E-ion operation |
42 |
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9.2 |
CS-C24KKS CU-C24KKS |
16 |
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12.15 |
ECO Patrol Operation |
45 |
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© Panasonic HA Air-Conditioning (M) Sdn. Bhd. 2010. Unauthorized copying and distribution is a violation of law.
13. Protection Control............................................ |
49 |
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13.1 |
Restart Control (Time Delay Safety Control).. |
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49 |
13.2 |
7 Minutes Time Save Control ..................... |
49 |
13.3 |
60 Seconds Forced Operation ................... |
49 |
13.4 |
Starting Current Control ............................. |
49 |
13.5 |
Freeze Prevention Control ......................... |
50 |
13.6Compressor Reverse Rotation Protection
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Control ........................................................ |
50 |
13.7 |
Dew Prevention Control ............................. |
50 |
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14. |
Servicing Mode................................................. |
51 |
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14.1 |
Auto OFF/ON Button .................................. |
51 |
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14.2 |
Remote Control Button............................... |
52 |
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15. |
Troubleshooting Guide.................................... |
53 |
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15.1 |
Refrigeration cycle system ......................... |
53 |
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16. |
Disassembly and Assembly Instructions ...... |
55 |
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16.1Indoor Electronic Controllers, Cross Flow
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Fan and Indoor Fan Motor Removal |
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Procedures ................................................. |
55 |
17. Technical Data .................................................. |
59 |
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17.1 |
Operation Characteristics........................... |
59 |
18. Exploded View and Replacement Parts List..63 |
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18.1 |
Indoor Unit .................................................. |
63 |
18.2 |
Outdoor Unit ............................................... |
66 |
2
1. Safety Precautions
•Read the following “SAFETY PRECAUTIONS” carefully before perform any servicing.
•Electrical work must be installed or serviced by a licensed electrician. Be sure to use the correct rating of the power plug and main circuit for the model installed.
•The caution items stated here must be followed because these important contents are related to safety. The meaning of each indication used is as below. Incorrect installation or servicing due to ignoring of the instruction will cause harm or damage, and the seriousness is classified by the following indications.
WARNING |
This indication shows the possibility of causing death or serious injury. |
CAUTION |
This indication shows the possibility of causing injury or damage to properties. |
•The items to be followed are classified by the symbols:
This symbol denotes item that is PROHIBITED from doing.
•Carry out test running to confirm that no abnormality occurs after the servicing. Then, explain to user the operation, care and maintenance as stated in instructions. Please remind the customer to keep the operating instructions for future reference.
WARNING
1.Do not modify the machine, part, material during repairing service.
2.If wiring unit is supplied as repairing part, do not repair or connect the wire even only partial wire break. Exchange the whole wiring unit.
3.Do not wrench the fasten terminal. Pull it out or insert it straightly.
4.Engage dealer or specialist for installation and servicing. If installation of servicing done by the user is defective, it will cause water leakage, electrical shock or fire.
5.Install according to this installation instructions strictly. If installation is defective, it will cause water leakage, electric shock or fire.
6.Use the attached accessories parts and specified parts for installation and servicing. Otherwise, it will cause the set to fall, water leakage, fire or electrical shock.
7.Install at a strong and firm location which is able to withstand the set’s weight. If the strength is not enough or installation is not properly done, the set will drop and cause injury.
8.For electrical work, follow the local national wiring standard, regulation and the installation instruction. An independent circuit and single outlet must be used. If electrical circuit capacity is not enough or defect found in electrical work, it will cause electrical shock or fire.
9.This equipment is strongly recommended to install with Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) or Residual Current Device (RCD). Otherwise, it may cause electrical shock and fire in case equipment breakdown or insulation breakdown.
10.Do not use joint cable for indoor / outdoor connection cable. Use the specified Indoor/Outdoor connection cable, refer to installation instruction CONNECT THE CABLE TO THE INDOOR UNIT and connect tightly for indoor / outdoor connection. Clamp the cable so that no external force will be acted on the terminal. If connecting or fixing is not perfect, it will cause heat up or fire at the connection.
11.Wire routing must be properly arranged so that control board cover is fixed properly. If control board cover is not fixed perfectly, it will cause heat-up or fire at the connection point of terminal, fire or electrical shock.
12.When install or relocate air conditioner, do not let any substance other than the specified refrigerant, eg. air etc. mix into refrigeration cycle (piping). (Mixing of air etc. will cause abnormal high pressure in refrigeration cycle and result in explosion, injury etc.).
13.Do not install outdoor unit near handrail of veranda. When installing air-conditioner unit at veranda of high rise building, child may climb up to outdoor unit and cross over the handrail and causing accident.
14.This equipment must be properly earthed. Earth line must not be connected to gas pipe, water pipe, earth of lightning rod and telephone. Otherwise, it may cause electric shock in case equipment breakdown or insulation breakdown.
15.Keep away from small children, the thin film may cling to nose and mouth and prevent breathing.
16.Do not use unspecified cord, modified cord, joint cord or extension cord for power supply cord. Do not share the single outlet with other electrical appliances. Poor contact, poor insulation or over current will cause electrical shock or fire.
17.Tighten the flare nut with torque wrench according to specified method. If the flare nut is over-tightened, after a long period, the flare may break and cause refrigerant gas leakage.
18.During pump down operation, stop the compressor before remove the refrigeration piping. (Removal of compressor while compressor is operating and valves are opened will cause suck-in of air, abnormal high pressure in refrigeration cycle and result in explosion, injury etc.)
19.During installation, install the refrigerant piping properly before run the compressor. (Operation of compressor without fixing refrigeration piping and valves at opened condition will caused suck-in of air, abnormal high pressure in refrigeration cycle and result in explosion, injury etc).
3
WARNING
20.After completion of installation or service, confirm there is no leakage or refrigerant gas. It may generate toxic gas when the refrigerant contacts with fire.
21.Ventilate if there is refrigerant gas leakage during operation. It may cause toxic gas when refrigerant contacts with fire.
22.Do not insert your fingers or other objects into the unit, high speed rotating fan may cause injury.
23.Must not use other parts except original parts described in catalog and manual.
CAUTION
1.Do not install the unit at place where leakage of flammable gas may occur. In case gas leaks and accumulates at surrounding of the unit, it may cause fire.
2.Carry out drainage piping as mentioned in installation instructions. If drainage is not perfect, water may enter the room and damage the furniture.
3.Tighten the flare nut with torque wrench according to specified method. If the flare nut is over-tightened, after a long period, the flare may break and cause refrigerant gas leakage.
4. Do not touch outdoor unit air inlet and aluminium fin. It may cause injury.
5.Select an installation location which is easy for maintenance.
6.Pb free solder has a higher melting point than standard solder; typically the melting point is 50°F – 70°F (30°C – 40°C) higher. Please use a high temperature solder iron. In case of the soldering iron with temperature control, please set it to 700 ± 20°F (370 ± 10°C).
Pb free solder will tend to splash when heated too high (about 1100°F / 600°C).
7.Power supply connection to the air conditioner. Connect the power supply cord of the air conditioner to the mains using one of the following methods.
Power supply point shall be the place where there is ease for access for the power disconnection in case of emergency. In some countries, permanent connection of this room air conditioner to the power supply is prohibited.
i.Power supply connection to the receptacle using a power plug. Use an approved 15/16A (3/4~1.5HP) or 16A (2.0HP) or 20A (2.5HP) or 25A (3.0HP) power plug with earth pin for the connection to the socket.
ii.Power supply connection to a circuit breaker for the permanent component. Use an approved 16A (3/4~2.0HP) or 20A (2.5HP) or
25A (3.0HP) circuit breaker for the permanent connection. It must be a double pole switch with a minimum 3.0 mm contact gap.
8.Do not release refrigerant during piping work for installation, servicing, reinstallation and during repairing a refrigerant parts. Take care of the liquid refrigerant, it may cause frostbite.
9.Installation or servicing work: It may need two people to carry out the installation or servicing work.
10.Do not install this appliance in a laundry room or other location where water may drip from the ceiling, etc.
11.Do not sit or step on the unit, you may fall down accidentally.
12.Do not touch the sharp aluminum fins or edges of metal parts.
If you are required to handle sharp parts during installation or servicing, please wear hand glove. Sharp parts may cause injury.
4
2. Specification
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Model |
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Indoor |
CS-C18KKS |
CS-C24KKS |
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Outdoor |
CU-C18KKS |
CU-C24KKS |
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Performance Test Condition |
SASO (T3) |
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SASO (T1) |
SASO (T3) |
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SASO (T1) |
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Power Supply |
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Phase, Hz |
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Single, 60 |
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Single, 60 |
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V |
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220 |
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220 |
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kW |
4.40 |
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5.10 |
5.60 |
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6.50 |
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Capacity |
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BTU/h |
15000 |
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17400 |
19100 |
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22200 |
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kcal/h |
3780 |
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4390 |
4820 |
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5590 |
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Running Current |
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A |
9.1 |
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7.8 |
13.9 |
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11.9 |
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Input Power |
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W |
1.96k |
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1.69k |
3.00k |
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2.56k |
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Cooling |
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6.35 |
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BTU/hW |
7.65 |
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10.30 |
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8.65 |
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EER |
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W/W |
2.24 |
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3.02 |
1.87 |
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2.54 |
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Power Factor |
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% |
98 |
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98 |
98 |
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98 |
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Indoor Noise (H / L) |
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dB-A |
42 / 37 |
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42 / 37 |
46 / 40 |
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46 / 40 |
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Power Level dB |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
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Outdoor Noise (H / L) |
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dB-A |
56 / - |
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56 / - |
57 / - |
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57 / - |
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Power Level dB |
- |
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- |
- |
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- |
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Max Current (A) / Max Input Power (W) |
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11.5 / 2.60k |
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16.8 / 3.70k |
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Starting Current (A) |
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38.0 |
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63.0 |
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Type |
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Hermetic Motor |
Hermetic Motor |
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Compressor |
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Motor Type |
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Rotary (2-poles) |
Rotary (2-poles) |
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Output Power |
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W |
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1.2k |
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1.8k |
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Type |
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Cross-Flow Fan |
Cross-Flow Fan |
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Material |
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ASG30K1 |
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ASG30K1 |
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Motor Type |
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Transistor (8-poles) |
Transistor (8-poles) |
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Fan |
Input Power |
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W |
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- |
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- |
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Output Power |
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W |
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40 |
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40 |
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Indoor |
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QLo |
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rpm |
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930 |
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960 |
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Lo |
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rpm |
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1020 |
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1110 |
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Speed |
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Me |
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rpm |
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1110 |
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1230 |
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Hi |
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rpm |
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1200 |
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1350 |
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SHi |
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rpm |
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1370 |
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1500 |
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Type |
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Propeller Fan |
Propeller Fan |
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Fan |
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Material |
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PP Resin |
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PP Resin |
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Motor Type |
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Induction (6 - poles) |
Induction (6 - poles) |
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Outdoor |
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Input Power |
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W |
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138 |
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135 |
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Output Power |
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W |
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86 |
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79 |
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Speed |
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Hi |
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rpm |
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850 |
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840 |
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Lo |
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rpm |
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- |
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490 |
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Moisture Removal |
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L/h (Pt/h) |
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0.7 (1.5) |
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1.3 (2.7) |
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QLo |
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m3/min (ft3/min) |
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12.2 (432) |
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12.9 (457) |
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Lo |
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m3/min (ft3/min) |
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13.4 (474) |
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15.0 (528) |
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Indoor Airflow |
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Me |
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m3/min (ft3/min) |
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14.6 (516) |
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16.6 (586) |
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Hi |
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m3/min (ft3/min) |
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15.8 (558) |
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18.2 (642) |
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SHi |
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m3/min (ft3/min) |
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18.0 (637) |
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20.2 (714) |
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Outdoor |
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Hi |
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m3/min (ft3/min) |
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54.0 (1910) |
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54.0 (1910) |
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Airflow |
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Lo |
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3 |
3 |
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- |
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31.5 (1110) |
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m |
/min (ft /min) |
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5
Refrigeration |
Control Device |
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Refrigerant Oil |
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Cycle |
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Refrigerant Type |
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Height(I/D / O/D) |
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Dimension |
Width (I/D / O/D) |
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Depth (I/D / O/D) |
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Weight |
Net (I/D / O/D) |
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Pipe Diameter (Liquid / Gas) |
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Standard length |
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Piping |
Length range (min – max) |
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I/D & O/D Height different |
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Additional Gas Amount |
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Length for Additional Gas |
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Inner Diameter |
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Drain Hose |
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Length |
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Fin Material |
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Indoor Heat |
Fin Type |
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Row x Stage x |
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Exchanger |
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FPI |
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Size (W x H x L) |
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Fin Material |
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Outdoor Heat |
Fin Type |
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Row x Stage x |
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Exchanger |
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FPI |
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Size (W x H x L) |
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Air Filter |
Material |
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Type |
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Power Supply |
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Power Supply Cord |
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Thermostat |
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Protection Device |
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Indoor Operation Range |
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Outdoor Operation Range |
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Capillary tube |
Capillary tube |
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cm3 |
ATMOS NM56M or SUNISO 4GDID (650) |
ATMOS M60 or SUNISO 4GDID (1130) |
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g (oz) |
R22, 1.27k (44.8) |
R22, 1.61k (56.8) |
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mm (inch) |
290 (11-7/16) |
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290 (11-7/16) |
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750 (29-17/32) |
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750 (29-17/32) |
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mm (inch) |
1070 (42-5/32) |
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875 (34-15/32) |
1070 (42-5/32) |
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875 (34-15/32) |
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mm (inch) |
235 (9-9/32) |
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345 (13-19/32) |
235 (9-9/32) |
|
345 (13-19/32) |
|
kg (lb) |
12.0 (26) |
|
48.0 (106) |
12.0 (26) |
|
56.0 (123) |
|
mm (inch) |
6.35 (1/4) / 12.70 (1/2) |
6.35 (1/4) / 15.88 (5/8) |
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|
m (ft) |
5.0 (16.4) |
5.0 (16.4) |
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m (ft) |
3 (9.8) ~ 25 (82.0) |
3 (9.8) ~ 25 (82.0) |
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m (ft) |
20 (65.6) |
20 (65.6) |
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|
g/m (oz/ft) |
|
20 (0.2) |
|
30 (0.3) |
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|
m (ft) |
7.5 (24.6) |
7.5 (24.6) |
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mm |
|
16 |
|
16 |
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mm |
|
650 |
|
650 |
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Pre Coat |
Pre Coat |
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|
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Slit Fin |
|
Slit Fin |
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|
2 x 15 x 21 |
2 x 15 x 21 |
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mm |
810 x 315 x 25.4 |
810 x 315 x 25.4 |
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|
|
Blue Coated |
Blue Coated |
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|
|
|
Slit Fin |
|
Slit Fin |
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|
|
2 x 34 x 17 |
2 x 34 x 17 |
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mm |
25.4 x 714 x 826.2:846.2 |
25.4 x 714 x 826.2:846.2 |
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|
Polypropelene |
Polypropelene |
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|
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One-touch |
One-touch |
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Indoor |
|
Indoor |
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|
|
|
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|
A |
|
16 |
|
20 |
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- |
Mechanical |
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- |
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- |
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|
Dry Bulb |
|
Wet Bulb |
Dry Bulb |
|
Wet Bulb |
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|
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Maximum |
32 |
|
23 |
32 |
|
23 |
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minimum |
16 |
|
11 |
16 |
|
11 |
|
Maximum |
52 |
|
31 |
52 |
|
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minimum |
16 |
|
11 |
16 |
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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1.Cooling capacities are based on indoor temperature of 27°C Dry Bulb (80.6°F Dry Bulb), 19.0°C Wet Bulb (66.2°F Wet Bulb) and outdoor air temperature of 35°C Dry Bulb (95°F Dry Bulb), 24°C Wet Bulb (75.2°F Wet Bulb)
2.Specifications are subjected to change without prior notice for further improvement.
3.Outdoor Dry Bulb temperature can be set up to 55°C with Indoor Dry Bulb temperature is 29°C. When humidity does not exceed 90% and room temperature is above 21°C.
6
3.Features
•E-ion Air Purifying System with Patrol Sensor
o Active e-ions are released to catch dust particles and bring them back the large positively charged filter. o Patrol Sensor color changes to indicate the dirt level in the air
•Long Installation Piping
o CS/CU-C18KK, CS/CU-C24KK, long piping up to 25 meters.
•Easy to use remote control
•Quality Improvement
o Random auto restart after power failure for safety restart operation o Gas leakage protection
o Prevent compressor reverse cycle
o Inner protector to protect compressor
o Noise prevention during soft dry operation
o Blue coated condenser for high resistance to corrosion
•Operation Improvement
o Quiet mode to reduce the indoor unit operating sound
o Powerful mode to reach the desired room temperature quickly o 24-hour timer setting
7
4. Location of Controls and Components
4.1Indoor Unit
4.2Outdoor Unit
4.3Remote Control
8
5. Dimensions
5.1Indoor Unit
9
5.2Outdoor Unit
10
6. Refrigeration Cycle Diagram
INDOOR
LIQUID
SIDE
2-WAY VALVE
INTAKE |
|
|
AIR |
PIPE |
|
TEMP. |
||
TEMP. |
||
SENSOR |
||
SENSOR |
||
|
HEAT EXCHANGER (EVAPORATOR)
GAS
SIDE
3-WAY VALVE
OUTDOOR
CAPILLARY
TUBE STRAINER
THERMOSTAT (C24KK only)
HEAT EXCHANGER (CONDENSER)
COMPRESSOR
11
7. Block Diagram
12
8. Wiring Connection Diagram
8.1CS-C18KKS CU-C18KKS
Resistance of Outdoor Fan Motor Windings
MODEL |
CU-C18KKS |
CONNECTION |
CWA951401J |
BLUE-YELLOW |
59.47Ω |
YELLOW-RED |
60.95Ω |
Note: Resistance at 20°C of ambient temperature.
Resistance of Compressor Windings
MODEL |
CU-C18KKS |
CONNECTION |
2KS252F5AA04 |
C-R |
1.959Ω |
C-S |
3.083Ω |
Note: Resistance at 20°C of ambient temperature.
13
8.2CS-C24KKS CU-C24KKS
Resistance of Outdoor Fan Motor Windings |
|
Resistance of Compressor Windings |
CU-C24KKS |
||
MODEL |
CU-C24KKS |
|
MODEL |
|
|
CONNECTION |
CWA951399J |
|
CONNECTION |
|
2J39S236A1A |
YELLOW-BLUE |
59.47Ω |
|
C-R |
|
0.933Ω |
YELLOW-ORANGE |
80.58Ω |
|
C-S |
|
1.584Ω |
YELLOW-RED |
60.95Ω |
|
Note: Resistance at 20°C of ambient temperature. |
||
Note: Resistance at 20°C of ambient temperature.
14
9. Electronic Circuit Diagram
9.1CS-C18KKS CU-C18KKS
15
9.2CS-C24KKS CU-C24KKS
16
10. Printed Circuit Board
10.1 Indoor Unit
10.1.1Main Printed Circuit Board
17
10.1.2Power Printed Circuit Board
18
10.1.3Indicator Printed Circuit Board
10.1.4Receiver Printed Circuit Board
10.1.5High Voltage Power Supply Printed Circuit Board
19
11. Installation Instruction
11.1 Select the Best Location
11.1.1Indoor Unit
•Do not install the unit in excessive oil fume area such as kitchen, workshop and etc.
•There should not be any heat source or steam near the unit.
•There should not be any obstacles blocking the air circulation.
•A place where air circulation in the room is good.
•A place where drainage can be easily done.
•A place where noise prevention is taken into consideration.
•Do not install the unit near the door way.
•Ensure the spaces indicated by arrows from the wall, ceiling, fence or other obstacles.
•Recommended installation height for indoor unit shall be at least 2.5 m.
11.1.2Outdoor Unit
•If an awning is built over the unit to prevent direct sunlight or rain, be careful that heat radiation from the condenser is not obstructed.
•There should not be any animal or plant which could be affected by hot air discharged.
•Keep the spaces indicated by arrows from wall, ceiling, fence or other obstacles.
•Do not place any obstacles which may cause a short circuit of the discharged air.
•If piping length is over the [piping length for additional gas], additional refrigerant should be added as shown in the table.
|
Horse |
Piping size |
Std. |
Max. |
Min. |
Max. |
Additional |
Piping |
||
Model |
Piping |
Piping |
Length |
|||||||
Power |
|
|
Length |
Elevation |
Length |
Length |
Refrigerant |
for add. |
||
|
(HP) |
Gas |
Liquid |
(m) |
(m) |
(m) |
(m) |
(g/m) |
gas (m) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C18*** |
2.0HP |
12.7 mm |
6.35 mm |
|
20 |
3 |
25 |
20 |
7.5 |
|
|
|
(1/2") |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
||
C24*** |
2.5HP |
15.88 mm |
(1/4") |
20 |
3 |
25 |
30 |
7.5 |
||
|
||||||||||
(5/8") |
|
|
||||||||
Example: For C18***
If the unit is installed at 10 m distance, the quantity of additional refrigerant should be 50 g….(10-7.5) m x 20 g/m = 50 g.
11.1.3Indoor/Outdoor Unit Installation Diagram
20
11.2 Indoor Unit
11.2.1How to Fix Installation Plate
The mounting wall shall be strong and solid enough to prevent if from the vibration.
The centre of installation plate should be at more than c at right and left of the wall.
The distance from installation plate edge to ceiling should more than d.
From installation plate left edge to unit’s left side is e.
From installation plate right edge to unit’s right side is f.
○B |
: For left side piping, piping connection for liquid should be about g from this line. |
: For left side piping, piping connection gas should be about h from this line.
1Mount the installation plate on the wall with 5 screws or more (at least 5 screws). (If mounting the unit on the concrete wall, consider using anchor bolts.)
o Always mount the installation plate horizontally by aligning the marking-off line with the thread and using a level gauge.
2Drill the piping plate hole with ø70mm hole-core drill.
o Putting measuring tape at position as shown in the diagram above.
The hole centre is obtained by measuring the distance namely 128 mm for left and right hole respectively. Another method is intersection point of arrow mark extension.
The meeting point of the extension arrow mark is the hole center position.
o Drill the piping hole at either the right or the left and the hole should be slightly slanting to the outdoor side. (refer to step 3)
11.2.2To Drill a Hole in the Wall and Install a Sleeve of Piping
1Insert the piping sleeve to the hole.
2Fix the busing to the sleeve.
3Cut the sleeve until it extrudes about 15mm from the wall.
Caution
When the wall is hollow, please be sure to use the sleeve for tube ass’y to prevent dangers caused by mice biting the connecting cable.
4Finish by sealing the sleeve with putty or caulking compound at the final stage.
21
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