LaserJet Pro M203
LaserJet Pro MFP M227
Troubleshooting Manual
M203d
M203dn
M203dw
M227d |
M227fdw |
M227sdn |
|
M227fdn |
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www.hp.com/support/ljM203
www.hp.com/support/ljmfpM227
For printer part removal and part number information, see the Repair Manual.
HP LaserJet Pro M203 and HP LaserJet Pro
MFP M227
Troubleshooting Manual
Copyright and License
© Copyright 2016 HP Development Company,
L.P.
Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.
The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.
The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.
Edition 1, 11/2016
Trademark Credits
Microsoft®, Windows®, Windows® XP, and Windows Vista® are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Conventions used in this guide
TIP: Helpful hints or shortcuts.
Reinstallation tip: Reinstallation helpful hints, shortcuts, or considerations. NOTE: Information that explains a concept or how to complete a task.
IMPORTANT: Information that help the user to avoid potential printer error conditions.
CAUTION: Procedures that the user must follow to avoid losing data or damaging the printer.
WARNING! Procedures that the user must follow to avoid personal injury, catastrophic loss of data, or extensive damage to the printer.
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Conventions used in this guide |
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For additional service and support information
HP service personnel, go to the Service Access Work Bench (SAW) at http://sawpro.glb.itcs.hp.com. Channel partners, go to HP Channel Services Network (CSN) at www.hp.com/partners/csn .
At these locations, find information on the following topics:
●Install and configure
●Printer specifications
●Up-to-date control panel message (CPMD) troubleshooting
●Solutions for printer issues and emerging issues
●Remove and replace part instructions and videos
●Service advisories
●Warranty and regulatory information
Channel partners, access training materials in the HP University and Partner Learning Center at https://content.ext.hp.com/sites/LMS/HPU.page.
To access HP PartSurfer information from any mobile device, go to http://partsurfermobile.hp.com/ or scan the Quick Response (QR) code below.
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For additional service and support information |
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Table of contents
1 Theory of operation .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
1 |
Related documentation and software .................................................................................................................................. |
2 |
Basic operation ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
3 |
Sequence of operation ........................................................................................................................................ |
4 |
Formatter-control system ...................................................................................................................................................... |
5 |
Sleep delay ............................................................................................................................................................ |
5 |
Printer job language (PJL) .................................................................................................................................. |
5 |
Printer management language (PML) .............................................................................................................. |
6 |
Control panel ........................................................................................................................................................ |
6 |
Wireless ................................................................................................................................................................. |
6 |
Low end data model (LEDM) overview ............................................................................................................. |
6 |
Advanced control language (ACL) overview .................................................................................................... |
6 |
CPU ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
6 |
Input/output (I/O) ................................................................................................................................................. |
6 |
USB .................................................................................................................................................... |
6 |
USB hosts ......................................................................................................................................... |
6 |
10/100 networking ......................................................................................................................... |
6 |
Fax ..................................................................................................................................................... |
7 |
Memory ............................................................................................................................................. |
7 |
Firmware ...................................................................................................................... |
7 |
Nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM) ...................................................... |
7 |
Flash memory ............................................................................................................. |
7 |
Random access memory ........................................................................................... |
7 |
HP Memory Enhancement technology (MEt) ......................................................... |
7 |
Engine-control system ............................................................................................................................................................ |
8 |
DC controller ......................................................................................................................................................... |
9 |
Motor control ................................................................................................................................. |
11 |
Fan control ..................................................................................................................................... |
11 |
Low-voltage power supply .............................................................................................................................. |
12 |
Overcurrent/overvoltage protection ......................................................................................... |
14 |
Low-voltage power supply failure detection ...................................................... |
14 |
High-voltage power supply ............................................................................................................................. |
14 |
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High-voltage power supply circuits ........................................................................................... |
15 |
Fuser control ...................................................................................................................................................... |
15 |
Fuser control functions ................................................................................................................ |
17 |
Fuser heater protection ............................................................................................................... |
18 |
Engine laser scanner system ............................................................................................................................................... |
19 |
Laser scanner failure detection ...................................................................................................................... |
20 |
Safety .................................................................................................................................................................. |
20 |
Image-formation process ................................................................................................................................ |
21 |
Step 1: Pre-exposure ................................................................................................................... |
24 |
Step 2: Primary charging ............................................................................................................. |
24 |
Step 3: Laser-beam exposure .................................................................................................... |
25 |
Step 4: Development ................................................................................................................... |
25 |
Step 5: Transfer ............................................................................................................................ |
26 |
Step 6: Separation ........................................................................................................................ |
27 |
Step 7: Fusing ................................................................................................................................ |
27 |
Step 8: Drum cleaning .................................................................................................................. |
28 |
Toner cartridges ................................................................................................................................................ |
28 |
Design ............................................................................................................................................. |
28 |
Engine pickup, feed, and delivery system .......................................................................................................................... |
30 |
Sensors and switches ....................................................................................................................................... |
32 |
Motors and solenoids ....................................................................................................................................... |
33 |
Jam detection/prevention ................................................................................................................................ |
33 |
Scanning and image capture system (MFP printers) ....................................................................................................... |
36 |
Motor and sensors ............................................................................................................................................ |
38 |
Document feeder system (MFP printers) ........................................................................................................................... |
39 |
Document feeder simplex operation ............................................................................................................. |
39 |
Fax functions and operation (fax models only) ................................................................................................................ |
40 |
Computer and network security features ..................................................................................................... |
40 |
PSTN operation .................................................................................................................................................. |
40 |
Receive faxes when you hear fax tones ........................................................................................................ |
40 |
Distinctive ring function .................................................................................................................................... |
41 |
Set up the distinctive ring function ............................................................................................ |
41 |
Fax by using voice over IP (VOIP) services ..................................................................................................... |
41 |
The fax subsystem ............................................................................................................................................ |
42 |
Fax card in the fax subsystem ........................................................................................................................ |
42 |
Safety isolation ............................................................................................................................. |
42 |
Safety-protection circuitry .......................................................................................................... |
42 |
Data path ........................................................................................................................................ |
42 |
Hook state ...................................................................................................................................... |
43 |
Downstream device detection .................................................................................................... |
43 |
Hook switch control ...................................................................................................................... |
43 |
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Ring detect ..................................................................................................................................... |
43 |
Line current control ...................................................................................................................... |
43 |
Billing or metering tone filters .................................................................................................... |
44 |
Fax page storage in flash memory ................................................................................................................. |
44 |
Stored fax pages ........................................................................................................................... |
44 |
Advantages of flash memory storage ...................................................................................... |
44 |
2 Solve problems ....................................................................................................................................................................................... |
45 |
For additional service and support ...................................................................................................................................... |
46 |
Troubleshooting process ...................................................................................................................................................... |
47 |
Determine the problem source ....................................................................................................................... |
47 |
Pre-troubleshooting checklist .................................................................................................... |
47 |
Troubleshooting flowchart ......................................................................................................... |
48 |
Power subsystem .............................................................................................................................................. |
49 |
Power-on checks .......................................................................................................................... |
49 |
Control panel checks ......................................................................................................................................... |
49 |
Tools for troubleshooting ..................................................................................................................................................... |
51 |
Individual component diagnostics .................................................................................................................. |
51 |
Tools for troubleshooting: LED diagnostics ............................................................................. |
51 |
Network LEDs (network models) ........................................................................... |
51 |
Control-panel LEDs .................................................................................................. |
51 |
Change the link speed setting (network models) ............................................... |
52 |
Tools for troubleshooting: Engine diagnostics ........................................................................ |
52 |
Engine test ................................................................................................................ |
52 |
Diagrams ............................................................................................................................................................. |
54 |
Diagrams: Block diagrams .......................................................................................................... |
54 |
Sensors and switches (image formation system; printer base) ....................... |
54 |
Cross section diagrams ........................................................................................... |
56 |
Diagrams: Printed circuit assembly (PCA) connector locations ............................................ |
59 |
Engine controller PCA .............................................................................................. |
59 |
Formatter PCA .......................................................................................................... |
60 |
Diagrams: External plug and port locations ............................................................................. |
62 |
Diagrams: Locations of major components ............................................................................. |
64 |
Major components (printer base) .......................................................................... |
64 |
Diagrams: Timing chart ................................................................................................................ |
65 |
Diagrams: Circuit diagrams ......................................................................................................... |
67 |
Use advanced configuration with HP Embedded Web Server (EWS) and HP Device Toolbox |
|
(Windows) ........................................................................................................................................................... |
68 |
Internal test and information pages .............................................................................................................. |
71 |
Print the configuration report ..................................................................................................... |
72 |
Print a configuration report from an LED control panel (M203) ...................... |
72 |
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Print the configuration report from a 2-line control panel (M227) ................. |
72 |
Print the configuration report from a touchscreen control panel (M227) ...... |
72 |
Finding important information on the configuration report ............................. |
73 |
Control panel menus ........................................................................................................................................ |
76 |
Setup menu ................................................................................................................................... |
76 |
HP Web Services menu ........................................................................................... |
76 |
Reports menu ........................................................................................................... |
77 |
Self Diagnostics menu ............................................................................................. |
79 |
Fax Setup menu (fax models) ................................................................................ |
79 |
System Setup menu ................................................................................................ |
82 |
Network Setup menu .............................................................................................. |
85 |
Quick Forms menu ................................................................................................... |
86 |
Function specific menus .............................................................................................................. |
88 |
Fax Menu (fax models) ............................................................................................ |
88 |
Copy menu (MFP models) ....................................................................................... |
89 |
Scan menu (MFP models) ....................................................................................... |
91 |
USB menu (MFP models) ........................................................................................ |
91 |
Apps ............................................................................................................................ |
91 |
Supplies ..................................................................................................................... |
91 |
Control panel message document (CPMD) ................................................................................................... |
92 |
Control-panel message types .................................................................................................... |
92 |
Control-panel messages and event log entries ...................................................................... |
92 |
Control Panel Error Messages (M203d/dn/dw, M206dn models) ................... |
92 |
Control Panel Error Messages (M227d/sdn/fdn/fdw, M230sdn/fdw |
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models) ...................................................................................................................... |
98 |
Tools for troubleshooting: Event log messages ................................................................... |
114 |
Print an event log ................................................................................................... |
114 |
View the event log ................................................................................................. |
115 |
Improve print quality ........................................................................................................................................................... |
117 |
Print from a different software program .................................................................................................... |
117 |
Check the paper-type setting for the print job ........................................................................................... |
117 |
Check the paper type setting (Windows) ................................................................................ |
117 |
Check the paper type setting (OS X) ........................................................................................ |
118 |
Check toner-cartridge status (M203) .......................................................................................................... |
118 |
Check toner-cartridge status (M227) .......................................................................................................... |
118 |
Print a cleaning page (M203) ........................................................................................................................ |
119 |
Print a cleaning page (M227) ........................................................................................................................ |
120 |
Check the scanner glass for dirt and smudges (M227) ............................................................................ |
121 |
Visually inspect the toner cartridge or cartridges ..................................................................................... |
121 |
Check paper and the printing environment ................................................................................................ |
121 |
Step one: Use paper that meets HP specifications ............................................................... |
121 |
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Step two: Check the environment ........................................................................................... |
122 |
Step three: Set the individual tray alignment (M203) .......................................................... |
122 |
Step three: Set the individual tray alignment (M227) .......................................................... |
123 |
Try a different print driver ............................................................................................................................. |
124 |
Check the EconoMode settings ..................................................................................................................... |
125 |
Adjust print density (M203) ........................................................................................................................... |
125 |
Adjust print density (M227) ........................................................................................................................... |
126 |
Print quality troubleshooting guide .................................................................................................................................. |
127 |
Image defects table ........................................................................................................................................ |
127 |
Printer-specific image defects ...................................................................................................................... |
134 |
Repetitive image defect ruler ................................................................................................... |
134 |
Use a ruler to measure between repetitive defects ........................................ |
135 |
Print quality troubleshooting guide ........................................................................................ |
138 |
OPC short ................................................................................................................ |
139 |
White blotches at low temperature .................................................................... |
140 |
OPC drum ghost ..................................................................................................... |
141 |
Toner block contamination on the exit roller .................................................... |
142 |
Cartridge coupling defect (1 of 2) ....................................................................... |
143 |
Cartridge coupling defect (2 of 2) ....................................................................... |
144 |
Toner contamination ............................................................................................. |
145 |
Sharp vertical streaks ........................................................................................... |
146 |
Improve copy and scan image quality (M227) ................................................................................................................ |
147 |
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... |
147 |
Check the scanner glass for dirt and smudges .......................................................................................... |
147 |
Check the paper settings ............................................................................................................................... |
148 |
Optimize for text or pictures ......................................................................................................................... |
149 |
Edge-to-edge copying ................................................................................................................................... |
150 |
Clean the pickup rollers and separation pad in the document feeder ................................................... |
150 |
Clean the printer .................................................................................................................................................................. |
152 |
Print a cleaning page (M203) ........................................................................................................................ |
152 |
Print a cleaning page (M227) ........................................................................................................................ |
152 |
Clean the pickup roller and separation pad ................................................................................................ |
153 |
Clean the pickup rollers and separation pad in the document feeder ................................................... |
155 |
Check the scanner glass and white backing for dirt or smudges (M227) .............................................. |
156 |
Clean the ADF replaceable film assembly (M227) ..................................................................................... |
157 |
Clean the touchscreen (M227) ...................................................................................................................... |
159 |
Solve paper-handling problems ....................................................................................................................................... |
160 |
Printer feeds incorrect page size .................................................................................................................. |
160 |
Printer pulls from incorrect tray ................................................................................................................... |
160 |
Printer will not duplex or duplexes incorrectly .......................................................................................... |
160 |
Paper does not feed from the input tray .................................................................................................... |
160 |
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Output is curled or wrinkled .......................................................................................................................... |
161 |
Printer does not pick up paper or misfeeds ............................................................................................... |
161 |
The printer does not pick up paper ......................................................................................... |
161 |
The printer picks up multiple sheets of paper ....................................................................... |
162 |
The document feeder jams, skews, or picks up multiple sheets of paper (MFP |
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models) ........................................................................................................................................ |
162 |
Paper does not feed automatically ......................................................................................... |
162 |
Clear paper jams (M203, M206) ................................................................................................................... |
163 |
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. |
163 |
Paper path jam sensor locations (M203) ............................................................................... |
163 |
Jam locations .............................................................................................................................. |
164 |
Experiencing frequent or recurring paper jams? ................................................................... |
165 |
Clear jams in the Main input tray ............................................................................................. |
166 |
Clear jams in the toner-cartridge area .................................................................................... |
170 |
Clear jams in the output bin ...................................................................................................... |
174 |
Clear jams in the duplexer ........................................................................................................ |
176 |
Clear paper jams (M227, M230) ................................................................................................................... |
179 |
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. |
179 |
Paper path jam sensor locations (M227) ............................................................................... |
180 |
Jam locations .............................................................................................................................. |
182 |
Experiencing frequent or recurring paper jams? ................................................................... |
182 |
Clear jams in the document feeder ......................................................................................... |
184 |
Clear jams in the Main input tray ............................................................................................. |
187 |
Clear jams in the toner-cartridge area .................................................................................... |
170 |
Clear jams in the output bin ...................................................................................................... |
174 |
Clear jams in the duplexer ........................................................................................................ |
176 |
Solve performance problems ............................................................................................................................................ |
203 |
Solve connectivity problems .............................................................................................................................................. |
204 |
Solve USB connection problems .................................................................................................................. |
204 |
Solve wired network problems ..................................................................................................................... |
204 |
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. |
204 |
Poor physical connection .......................................................................................................... |
204 |
The computer is using the incorrect IP address for the printer .......................................... |
204 |
The computer is unable to communicate with the printer .................................................. |
205 |
The printer is using incorrect link speed and duplex settings for the network ................ |
205 |
New software programs might be causing compatibility problems ................................. |
205 |
The computer or workstation might be set up incorrectly .................................................. |
205 |
The printer is disabled, or other network settings are incorrect ........................................ |
205 |
Solve wireless network problems (M203, M206)) ..................................................................................... |
205 |
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. |
206 |
Wireless connectivity checklist ................................................................................................. |
206 |
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The printer does not print after the wireless configuration completes ............................ |
206 |
The printer does not print, and the computer has a third-party firewall installed ......... |
207 |
The wireless connection does not work after moving the wireless router or printer .... |
207 |
Cannot connect more computers to the wireless printer .................................................... |
207 |
The wireless printer loses communication when connected to a VPN ............................. |
207 |
The network does not appear in the wireless networks list ............................................... |
207 |
The wireless network is not functioning ................................................................................ |
207 |
Perform a wireless network diagnostic test .......................................................................... |
208 |
Reduce interference on a wireless network .......................................................................... |
208 |
Solve wireless network problems (M227, M230) ...................................................................................... |
209 |
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. |
209 |
Wireless connectivity checklist ................................................................................................. |
209 |
The printer does not print after the wireless configuration completes ............................ |
210 |
The printer does not print, and the computer has a third-party firewall installed ......... |
210 |
The wireless connection does not work after moving the wireless router or printer .... |
210 |
Cannot connect more computers to the wireless printer .................................................... |
210 |
The wireless printer loses communication when connected to a VPN ............................. |
211 |
The network does not appear in the wireless networks list ............................................... |
211 |
The wireless network is not functioning ................................................................................ |
211 |
Perform a wireless network diagnostic test .......................................................................... |
211 |
Reduce interference on a wireless network .......................................................................... |
212 |
Service mode functions ...................................................................................................................................................... |
213 |
Service menu (M227) ..................................................................................................................................... |
213 |
Secondary service menu ................................................................................................................................ |
215 |
Printer resets ................................................................................................................................................... |
217 |
Restore the factory-set defaults (M203) ............................................................................... |
217 |
Restore the factory-set defaults (M227) ............................................................................... |
218 |
NVRAM initialization ................................................................................................................... |
219 |
Super NVRAM initialization ........................................................................................................ |
219 |
Solve fax problems (fax models only) ............................................................................................................................. |
221 |
Checklist for solving fax problems ............................................................................................................... |
221 |
Solve general fax problems .......................................................................................................................... |
222 |
Faxes are sending slowly .......................................................................................................... |
222 |
Print quality of a photo is poor or prints as a gray box. ....................................................... |
223 |
Fax quality is poor ...................................................................................................................... |
223 |
Fax cuts off or prints on two pages ......................................................................................... |
224 |
You touched the Cancel button to cancel a fax, but the fax was still sent .................. |
224 |
No fax address book button displays ..................................................................................... |
224 |
Not able to locate the fax settings in HP Web Jetadmin ...................................................... |
225 |
The header is appended to the top of the page when the overlay option is enabled .... |
225 |
A mix of names and numbers is in the recipients box .......................................................... |
225 |
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A one-page fax prints as two pages ....................................................................................... |
225 |
A document stops in the document feeder in the middle of faxing .................................. |
225 |
The volume for sounds coming from the fax accessory is too high or too low .............. |
225 |
Use fax over VoIP networks ...................................................................................................... |
225 |
Solve problems receiving faxes .................................................................................................................... |
226 |
Solve problems sending faxes ...................................................................................................................... |
230 |
Fax error messages on the control panel ................................................................................................... |
231 |
The No Fax Detected message displays ................................................................................. |
231 |
The Communication error message appears ........................................................................ |
231 |
No Dial Tone ................................................................................................................................ |
232 |
The Fax is busy message appears ........................................................................................... |
233 |
The No fax answer message appears ..................................................................................... |
233 |
Document feeder paper jam .................................................................................................... |
234 |
The Fax storage is full message appears ............................................................................... |
234 |
Scanner error .............................................................................................................................. |
234 |
The control panel displays a Ready message with no attempt to send the fax .............. |
234 |
The control panel displays the message "Storing page 1" and does not progress |
|
beyond that message ................................................................................................................ |
234 |
Faxes can be received, but not sent ........................................................................................ |
235 |
Printer is password protected .................................................................................................. |
235 |
Unable to use fax functions from the control panel ............................................................ |
235 |
Unable to use speed dials ......................................................................................................... |
235 |
Unable to use group dials ......................................................................................................... |
236 |
Receive a recorded error message from the phone company when trying to send a |
|
fax ................................................................................................................................................. |
236 |
Unable to send a fax when a phone is connected to the printer ........................................ |
237 |
Troubleshoot fax codes and trace reports ................................................................................................. |
237 |
View and interpret fax error codes .......................................................................................... |
237 |
Fax trace report .......................................................................................................................... |
238 |
Fax logs and reports ....................................................................................................................................... |
238 |
Print all fax reports .................................................................................................................... |
238 |
Print individual fax reports ........................................................................................................ |
238 |
Set the fax error report ............................................................................................................. |
239 |
Set the fax-error-correction mode .............................................................................................................. |
239 |
Change the fax speed ..................................................................................................................................... |
239 |
Use fax on a DSL, PBX, or ISDN system ....................................................................................................... |
240 |
DSL ................................................................................................................................................ |
240 |
PBX ............................................................................................................................................... |
240 |
ISDN .............................................................................................................................................. |
240 |
Solve email problems (M129/M134) ................................................................................................................................ |
241 |
Cannot connect to the email server ............................................................................................................. |
241 |
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Validate the SMTP gateway (Windows) ....................................................................................................... |
241 |
Validate the LDAP gateway (Windows) ....................................................................................................... |
241 |
Update the firmware ........................................................................................................................................................... |
242 |
Method one: Update the firmware using the control panel (M227) ....................................................... |
242 |
Method two: Update the firmware using the Firmware Update Utility (M203 and M227) ................. |
243 |
Appendix A Printer specifications ......................................................................................................................................................... |
245 |
Printer dimensions (M203) ................................................................................................................................................ |
246 |
Printer dimensions (M227) ................................................................................................................................................ |
247 |
Printer space requirements ............................................................................................................................................... |
248 |
Power consumption, electrical specifications, and acoustic emissions ..................................................................... |
248 |
Operating environmental range ........................................................................................................................................ |
249 |
Certificates of volatility ....................................................................................................................................................... |
250 |
Index ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... |
255 |
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List of tables
Table 1-1 Sequence of operation ........................................................................................................................................................... |
4 |
|
Table 1-2 |
Motors ..................................................................................................................................................................................... |
11 |
Table 1-3 |
Fans ......................................................................................................................................................................................... |
11 |
Table 1-4 List of DC voltages ................................................................................................................................................................ |
13 |
|
Table 1-5 |
Fuser components ................................................................................................................................................................ |
16 |
Table 1-6 Fuser control functions ........................................................................................................................................................ |
17 |
|
Table 1-7 |
Sensors ................................................................................................................................................................................... |
22 |
Table 1-8 Image formation process .................................................................................................................................................... |
23 |
|
Table 1-9 Toner cartridge functions .................................................................................................................................................... |
29 |
|
Table 1-10 Pickup, feed, and delivery system functions ................................................................................................................. |
30 |
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Table 1-11 Photo sensors and switches ............................................................................................................................................. |
32 |
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Table 1-12 Motors and solenoids ........................................................................................................................................................ |
33 |
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Table 1-13 Jams that the printer detects ........................................................................................................................................... |
34 |
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Table 1-14 Motor and sensors ............................................................................................................................................................. |
38 |
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Table 2-1 |
Troubleshooting flowchart ................................................................................................................................................. |
48 |
Table 2-2 Sensors and switches (image formation system; printer base) ................................................................................... |
54 |
|
Table 2-3 Sensors (pickup, feed, and delivery system; printer base) ............................................................................................ |
55 |
|
Table 2-4 Service parts (cross section; printer base) ........................................................................................................................ |
56 |
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Table 2-5 Motor (cross section; printer base) .................................................................................................................................... |
58 |
|
Table 2-6 Engine controller PCA connectors ..................................................................................................................................... |
59 |
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Table 2-7 Formatter PCA (M203) ......................................................................................................................................................... |
60 |
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Table 2-8 Formatter PCA (M227) ......................................................................................................................................................... |
61 |
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Table 2-9 External plug and port locations (M203) .......................................................................................................................... |
62 |
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Table 2-10 External plug and port locations (M227) ........................................................................................................................ |
62 |
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Table 2-11 |
Main assemblies ................................................................................................................................................................. |
64 |
Table 2-12 Main parts (printer base) ................................................................................................................................................... |
65 |
|
Table 2-13 PCAs (printer base) ............................................................................................................................................................. |
65 |
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Table 2-14 M203 sample configuration report ................................................................................................................................. |
73 |
|
Table 2-15 M227 sample configuration report (first page) ............................................................................................................. |
74 |
|
Table 2-16 M227 sample configuration report (second page) ....................................................................................................... |
75 |
|
Table 2-17 HP Web Services menu ...................................................................................................................................................... |
76 |
|
Table 2-18 |
Reports menu ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
77 |
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Table 2-19 Self Diagnostics menu ....................................................................................................................................................... |
79 |
|
Table 2-20 Fax Setup menu .................................................................................................................................................................. |
79 |
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Table 2-21 System Setup menu .......................................................................................................................................................... |
82 |
|
Table 2-22 Network Setup menu ......................................................................................................................................................... |
85 |
|
Table 2-23 Quick Forms menu ............................................................................................................................................................. |
86 |
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Table 2-24 |
Fax Menu .............................................................................................................................................................................. |
88 |
Table 2-25 |
Copy menu ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
90 |
Table 2-26 |
Scan menu ........................................................................................................................................................................... |
91 |
Table 2-27 |
USB Menu ............................................................................................................................................................................. |
91 |
Table 2-28 |
Status-light legend ............................................................................................................................................................ |
92 |
Table 2-29 Primary control-panel light patterns .............................................................................................................................. |
92 |
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Table 2-30 Secondary control-panel light patterns ......................................................................................................................... |
94 |
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Table 2-31 Image defects table quick reference ............................................................................................................................ |
127 |
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Table 2-32 |
Light print .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
129 |
Table 2-33 Gray background or dark print ....................................................................................................................................... |
129 |
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Table 2-34 Blank page — No print .................................................................................................................................................... |
130 |
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Table 2-35 |
Black page ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
130 |
Table 2-36 |
Banding defects ............................................................................................................................................................... |
131 |
Table 2-37 |
Streak defects .................................................................................................................................................................. |
131 |
Table 2-38 |
Fixing/fuser defects ......................................................................................................................................................... |
132 |
Table 2-39 Image placement defects ............................................................................................................................................... |
132 |
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Table 2-40 Color plane registrations defects (color models only) .............................................................................................. |
133 |
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Table 2-41 |
Output defects .................................................................................................................................................................. |
133 |
Table 2-42 |
Repetitive defects ............................................................................................................................................................ |
134 |
Table 2-43 Printer base jam sensors ................................................................................................................................................ |
163 |
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Table 2-44 Printer base jam sensors ................................................................................................................................................ |
180 |
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Table 2-45 Document feeder jam sensors ...................................................................................................................................... |
181 |
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Table 2-46 Solve performance problems ........................................................................................................................................ |
203 |
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Table 2-47 |
Service menu .................................................................................................................................................................... |
213 |
Table 2-48 Secondary service menu ................................................................................................................................................. |
216 |
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Table 2-49 Solve problems receiving faxes ..................................................................................................................................... |
226 |
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Table 2-50 Solve problems sending faxes ...................................................................................................................................... |
230 |
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Table A-1 Operating environmental range ...................................................................................................................................... |
249 |
xviii |
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List of figures
Figure 1-1 Relationship between the main printer systems ............................................................................................................. |
3 |
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Figure 1-2 |
Engine-control system ......................................................................................................................................................... |
8 |
Figure 1-3 DC controller block diagram ................................................................................................................................................. |
9 |
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Figure 1-4 Low-voltage power-supply circuit .................................................................................................................................... |
13 |
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Figure 1-5 High-voltage power supply circuits .................................................................................................................................. |
15 |
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Figure 1-6 |
Fuser components .............................................................................................................................................................. |
16 |
Figure 1-7 |
Fuser control ........................................................................................................................................................................ |
17 |
Figure 1-8 Laser scanner system ......................................................................................................................................................... |
19 |
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Figure 1-9 |
Image-formation system ................................................................................................................................................... |
21 |
Figure 1-10 Main motor (M1) and image formation components .................................................................................................. |
22 |
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Figure 1-11 |
Sensors ............................................................................................................................................................................... |
22 |
Figure 1-12 |
Image-formation process ................................................................................................................................................ |
23 |
Figure 1-13 |
Pre-exposure ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
24 |
Figure 1-14 |
Primary charging ............................................................................................................................................................... |
24 |
Figure 1-15 |
Laser-beam exposure ...................................................................................................................................................... |
25 |
Figure 1-16 |
Development ..................................................................................................................................................................... |
25 |
Figure 1-17 |
Primary transfer ................................................................................................................................................................ |
26 |
Figure 1-18 |
Separation .......................................................................................................................................................................... |
27 |
Figure 1-19 |
Fusing .................................................................................................................................................................................. |
27 |
Figure 1-20 |
Drum cleaning ................................................................................................................................................................... |
28 |
Figure 1-21 Cartridge block diagram ................................................................................................................................................... |
29 |
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Figure 1-22 Pickup, feed, and delivery system .................................................................................................................................. |
30 |
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Figure 1-23 Sensors and switches for the pickup, feed, and delivery system ............................................................................. |
32 |
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Figure 1-24 Motors and solenoids ....................................................................................................................................................... |
33 |
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Figure 1-25 Jam detection sensors ..................................................................................................................................................... |
34 |
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Figure 1-26 Image scanner model block diagram ............................................................................................................................ |
36 |
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Figure 1-27 Integrated scanner assembly model block diagram ................................................................................................... |
37 |
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Figure 1-28 Motor and sensors ............................................................................................................................................................ |
38 |
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Figure 2-1 Engine test page .................................................................................................................................................................. |
53 |
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Figure 2-2 Sensors and switches (image formation system; printer base) .................................................................................. |
54 |
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Figure 2-3 Sensors (pickup, feed, and delivery system; printer base) ........................................................................................... |
55 |
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Figure 2-4 Service parts (cross section; printer base) ...................................................................................................................... |
56 |
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xix |
Figure 2-5 Image formation (cross section; printer base) ............................................................................................................... |
57 |
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Figure 2-6 Motor (cross section; printer base) ................................................................................................................................... |
58 |
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Figure 2-7 Engine controller PCA connectors .................................................................................................................................... |
59 |
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Figure 2-8 Formatter PCA (M203) ........................................................................................................................................................ |
60 |
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Figure 2-9 Formatter PCA (M227) ........................................................................................................................................................ |
61 |
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Figure 2-10 External plug and port locations (M203) ...................................................................................................................... |
62 |
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Figure 2-11 External plug and port locations (M227) ...................................................................................................................... |
62 |
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Figure 2-12 |
Main assemblies ................................................................................................................................................................ |
64 |
Figure 2-13 Main parts (printer base) .................................................................................................................................................. |
65 |
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Figure 2-14 PCAs (printer base) ........................................................................................................................................................... |
65 |
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Figure 2-15 General timing chart ......................................................................................................................................................... |
66 |
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Figure 2-16 General circuit diagram .................................................................................................................................................... |
67 |
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Figure 2-17 M203 sample configuration report ................................................................................................................................ |
73 |
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Figure 2-18 M227 sample configuration report (first page) ........................................................................................................... |
74 |
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Figure 2-19 M227 sample configuration report (second page) ...................................................................................................... |
75 |
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Figure 2-20 Repetitive image defect ruler ....................................................................................................................................... |
134 |
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Figure 2-21 Examples of repetitive defects ..................................................................................................................................... |
136 |
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Figure 2-22 Place the ruler on the page ........................................................................................................................................... |
137 |
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Figure 2-23 Locate the next repetitive defect ................................................................................................................................. |
137 |
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Figure 2-24 Determine the defective assembly .............................................................................................................................. |
138 |
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Figure 2-25 |
OPC short ......................................................................................................................................................................... |
139 |
Figure 2-26 |
White blotches ................................................................................................................................................................ |
140 |
Figure 2-27 OPC drum ghost .............................................................................................................................................................. |
141 |
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Figure 2-28 Toner block contamination ........................................................................................................................................... |
142 |
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Figure 2-29 Cartridge coupling (1 of 2) ............................................................................................................................................. |
143 |
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Figure 2-30 Cartridge coupling (2 of 2) ............................................................................................................................................. |
144 |
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Figure 2-31 |
Toner contamination ...................................................................................................................................................... |
145 |
Figure 2-32 |
Vertical streaks ............................................................................................................................................................... |
146 |
Figure 2-35 Printer base jam sensors ............................................................................................................................................... |
163 |
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Figure 2-36 Printer base jam sensors ............................................................................................................................................... |
180 |
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Figure 2-37 Document feeder jam sensors ..................................................................................................................................... |
181 |
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Figure A-1 Dimensions for the printer .............................................................................................................................................. |
246 |
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Figure A-2 Dimensions for the printer .............................................................................................................................................. |
247 |
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Figure A-3 Certificate of volatility M203-M206 (1 of 2) ................................................................................................................. |
250 |
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Figure A-4 Certificate of volatility M203-M206 (2 of 2) ................................................................................................................. |
251 |
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Figure A-5 Certificate of volatility M227-M230 (1 of 2) ................................................................................................................. |
252 |
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Figure A-6 Certificate of volatility M227-M230 (2 of 2) ................................................................................................................. |
253 |
xx |
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●Related documentation and software
●Basic operation
●Formatter-control system
●Engine-control system
●Engine laser scanner system
●Engine pickup, feed, and delivery system
●Scanning and image capture system (MFP printers)
●Document feeder system (MFP printers)
●Fax functions and operation (fax models only)
ENWW |
1 |
HP service personnel, go to the Services Access Workbench (SAW) at http://sawpro.glb.itcs.hp.com.
Channel partners, go to HP Channel Services Network (CSN) at www.hp.com/partners/csn .
Channel partners, access training materials in the HP University and Partner Learning Center at https://content.ext.hp.com/sites/LMS/HPU.page.
2 Chapter 1 Theory of operation |
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The printer routes all high-level processes through the formatter, which stores font information, processes the print image, and communicates with the host computer.
The basic printer operation comprises the following systems:
●Engine-control system
●Laser scanner system
●Image-formation system
●Pickup, feed, and delivery system
●Scanning and image capture system (M227)
Figure 1-1 Relationship between the main printer systems
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Laser scanner system |
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Image-formation system |
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Engine-control system |
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Pickup, feed, and delivery system
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Formatter |
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Scanning and image capture system (M227/M230) |
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Basic operation 3 |
The DC controller PCA controls the operating sequence, as described in the following table.
Table 1-1 Sequence of operation
Period |
Duration |
Description |
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Waiting |
From the time the power is turned on, the door is |
● |
Heats the fuser film in the fuser |
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closed, or when the printer exits sleep mode until the |
● |
Detects the presence of the toner cartridge |
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printer is ready for printing. |
||
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● |
Rotates and stops the main motor |
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● |
Rotates and stops the main fan |
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● |
Cleans the transfer roller |
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● |
Separates the developer roller |
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Standby |
From the end of the waiting sequence or the last |
● |
Remains in the Ready state |
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rotation until the formatter receives a print command, |
● |
Enters Active OFF mode if a power control mode |
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or until the printer is turned off. |
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designation command is sent |
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● |
Rotates and stops the main fan |
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Initial rotation |
From the time the formatter receives a print command |
● |
Rotates the main motor |
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until the paper enters the paper path. |
● |
Rotates the main fan |
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● |
Activates the high-voltage power supply (high- |
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voltage bias) |
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● |
Prepares the laser scanner unit |
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● |
Warms the fuser to the correct temperature |
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● |
Engages the developer roller |
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Printing |
From the time the first sheet of paper enters the paper |
● |
Forms the image on the photosensitive drum |
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path until the last sheet passes through the fuser. |
● |
Transfers the toner to the paper |
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● |
Fuses the toner image onto the paper |
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Last rotation |
From the time the last sheet of paper exits the fuser |
● |
Stops the main motor |
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until the motors stop rotating. |
● |
Stops the main fan |
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● |
Stops the high-voltage power supply (high- |
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voltage bias) |
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● |
Stops the laser scanner unit |
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● |
Turns the fuser heater off |
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● |
Separates the developer roller |
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● |
If another print command is received, the printer |
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enters the initial rotation period when the last |
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rotation is complete. |
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4 Chapter 1 Theory of operation |
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The formatter performs the following functions:
●Controls the sleep delay function
●Receives and processes print data from the various printer inputs
●Monitors control-panel functions and relays printer status information (through the control panel and the bidirectional input/output)
●Develops and coordinates data placement and timing with the DC controller
●Communicates with the host computer through the network or the bidirectional interface
The formatter receives a print job from the network or bidirectional interface and separates it into image information and instructions that control the printing process. The DC controller synchronizes the image formation system with the paper input and output systems, and then signals the formatter to send the print image data.
When the printer is in sleep delay mode, the control-panel backlight is turned off, but the printer retains all printer settings, downloaded fonts, and macros. The default setting is a 1-minute idle time. The setting can be changed or turned off from the control panel menus.
The printer exits sleep delay mode and enters the warm-up cycle when any of the following occurs.
●A print job, valid data, or a PML or PJL command is received at the serial port.
●The control panel is touched (button press or touchscreen touch depending on model).
●A document is loaded in the document feeder or the scanner lid is opened (M227).
●A tray is opened.
TIP: Error messages override the sleep delay message. The printer enters sleep mode at the appropriate time, but the error message continues to appear.
PJL is an integral part of printer configuration, in addition to the printer control language (PCL) and PostScript (PS). With standard cabling, the printer can use PJL to perform a variety of functions.
●Dynamic I/O switching: The printer can be configured with a host on each I/O by using dynamic I/O switching. Even when the printer is offline, it can receive data from more than one I/O simultaneously, until the I/O buffer is full.
●Context-sensitive switching: The printer can automatically recognize the personality (PS or PCL) of each job and configure itself to serve that personality.
●Isolation of print environment settings from one print job to the next: For example, if a print job is sent to the printer in landscape mode, the subsequent print jobs print in landscape only if they are formatted for landscape printing.
ENWW |
Formatter-control system 5 |
PML allows remote configuration of the printer and status monitoring through the input/output (I/O) ports.
The formatter sends and receives printer status and command data to and from the control panel.
NOTE: Wireless models only.
Wireless products contain a wireless card to enable 802.11b/g/n wireless communication.
The low-end data model (LEDM) provides one consistent data representation method and defines the dynamic and capabilities tickets shared between clients and devices, as well as the access protocol, event, security, and discovery methods.
The advanced control language (ACL) is a language that supports printer control and firmware downloads in printers that support both PJL/PCL and host-based printing. Each sequence of ACL commands must be preceded by a unified exit command (UEL) and an @PJL ENTER LANGUAGE=ACL command. The ACL sequence is always followed by a UEL. Any number of commands can be placed between the UELs. The only exception to these rules is the download command. If a firmware download is done, the download command must be the last command in the sequence. It will not be followed by a UEL.
The firmware searches for the UEL sequence when parsing commands. However, while downloading binary data such as host-based code or NVRAM data, the firmware suspends UEL parsing. To handle hosts that “disappear” during binary sequences, the firmware times out all ACL command sessions. If a timeout occurs during a nondownload command sequence, it is treated as the receipt of a UEL. If a timeout occurs during firmware download, the printer resets.
CPU
The formatter incorporates an 800 MHz processor.
The following sections discuss the input and output features of the printer.
USB
The printer includes a universal serial bus (USB) 2.0 connection.
The printer includes USB hosts for USB flash drive and wireless communication control.
All printer models except the M203d include a 10/100 network (Ethernet) connection.
6 Chapter 1 Theory of operation |
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Fax
NOTE: M227fdn/fdw and M230fdw models only.
The printer includes a fax phone line connection.
If the printer encounters a problem when managing available memory, a clearable warning message displays on the control panel.
The formatter stores the printer firmware. A remote firmware update process is used to overwrite and update the firmware.
The printer uses nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) to store I/O and information about the print environment configuration. The contents of NVRAM are retained when the printer is turned off or disconnected.
DRR: Stores software applications. When the printer power is turned off, the data stored in DRR is erased.
NAND: Stores fax memory (M227fdn/fdw and M230fdw models only). When the printer power is turned off, the data stored in NAND is preserved.
DDR memory
●533 Mhz, 256 MB (M203, M206)
●800 Mhz, 256 MB (M227, M230)
Flash memory
●128 MB NAND flash
The HP Memory Enhancement technology (MEt) effectively doubles the standard memory through a variety of fontand data-compression methods.
NOTE: The MEt is available only in PCL mode; it is not functional when printing in PS mode.
ENWW |
Formatter-control system 7 |
The engine-control system receives commands from the formatter and interacts with the other main systems to coordinate all printer functions. The engine-control system consists of the following components:
●DC controller
●Low-voltage power supply
●High-voltage power supply
●Fuser power supply
Figure 1-2 Engine-control system
Engine-control system
Engine controller
Laser scanner system
DC controller
High-voltage power supply
Formatter |
Image-formation system |
Fuser control
Pickup, feed, and delivery system
Low-voltage power supply
Scanning and image capture system (M227)
8 Chapter 1 Theory of operation |
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