heidenhain TNC 128 User Manual
TNC 128
User's Manual
HEIDENHAIN
Conversational Programming
NC Software
771841-02
English (en)
5/2014
Controls of the TNC
Controls of the TNC
Keys on visual display unit
Key Function
Select split screen layout
Toggle the display between
machining and programming
modes
Soft keys for selecting functions on
screen
Shifting between soft-key rows
Machine operating modes
Key Function
Manual operation
Electronic handwheel
Key Function
Select MOD functions
Display help text for NC error
messages, call TNCguide
Display all current error messages
Show calculator
Navigation keys
Key Function
Move highlight
Go directly to blocks, cycles and
parameter functions
Potentiometer for feed rate and spindle speed
Positioning with manual data input
Program run, single block
Program run, full sequence
Programming modes
Key Function
Programming
Test run
Program/file management, TNC functions
Key Function
Feed rate Spindle speed
Select or delete programs and files,
external data transfer
Define program call, select datum
and point tables
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ENT
Cycles, subprograms and program section repeats
Key Function
Define and call cycles
Enter and call labels for
subprogramming and program
section repeats
Tool functions
Key Function
Define tool data in the program
Call tool data
Special functions
Key Function
Key Function
Confirm entry and resume dialog
Conclude block and exit entry
Clear numerical entry or TNC error
message
Abort dialog, delete program
section
Show special functions
Select the next tab in forms
Up/down one dialog box or button
Entering and editing coordinate axes and numbers
Key Function
Select coordinate axes or enter
. . .
. . .
them in a program
Numbers
Decimal point / Reverse algebraic
sign
Polar coordinate input /
Incremental values
Q-parameter programming/
Q-parameter status
Save actual position or values from
calculator
Skip dialog questions, delete
words
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Controls of the TNC
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Fundamentals
Fundamentals
About this manual
About this manual
The symbols used in this manual are described below.
This symbol indicates that important information
about the function described must be considered.
This symbol indicates that there is one or more
of the following risks when using the described
function:
Danger to workpiece
Danger to fixtures
Danger to tool
Danger to machine
Danger to operator
This symbol indicates a possibly dangerous situation
that may cause injuries if not avoided.
This symbol indicates that the described function
must be adapted by the machine tool builder. The
function described may therefore vary depending on
the machine.
This symbol indicates that you can find detailed
information about a function in another manual.
Would you like any changes, or have you found any errors?
We are continuously striving to improve our documentation for you.
Please help us by sending your requests to the following e-mail
address: tnc-userdoc@heidenhain.de.
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TNC model, software and features
TNC model, software and features
This manual describes functions and features provided by TNCs as
of the following NC software numbers.
TNC model NC software number
TNC 128 771841-02
The machine tool builder adapts the usable features of the TNC to
his machine by setting machine parameters. Some of the functions
described in this manual may therefore not be among the features
provided by the TNC on your machine tool.
TNC functions that may not be available on your machine include:
Probing functions for the 3-D touch probe
Please contact your machine tool builder to become familiar with
the features of your machine.
Many machine manufacturers, as well as HEIDENHAIN, offer
programming courses for the TNCs. We recommend these courses
as an effective way of improving your programming skill and
sharing information and ideas with other TNC users.
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Fundamentals
TNC model, software and features
Software options
The TNC 128 features various software options that can be enabled by your machine tool builder. Each option is to
be enabled separately and contains the following respective functions:
Touch Probe Functions (option 17)
Touch probe cycles
■
Datum setting in the Manual Operation mode
Automatic tool measurement
■
HEIDENHAIN DNC (option 18)
Communication with external PC applications over COM component
■
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TNC model, software and features
Feature Content Level (upgrade functions)
Along with software options, significant further improvements
of the TNC software are managed via the Feature Content Level
upgrade functions. Functions subject to the FCL are not available
simply by updating the software on your TNC.
All upgrade functions are available to you without
surcharge when you receive a new machine.
Upgrade functions are identified in the manual with FCL n, where n
indicates the sequential number of the feature content level.
You can purchase a code number in order to permanently enable
the FCL functions. For more information, contact your machine tool
builder or HEIDENHAIN.
Intended place of operation
The TNC complies with the limits for a Class A device in
accordance with the specifications in EN 55022, and is intended for
use primarily in industrially-zoned areas.
Legal information
This product uses open source software. Further information is
available on the control under
Programming and Editing operating mode
MOD function
License Info soft key
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Fundamentals
TNC model, software and features
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Contents
1 First Steps with the TNC 128....................................................................................................... 43
2 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................61
3 Programming: Fundamentals, file management.........................................................................79
4 Programming: Programming aids.............................................................................................. 121
5 Programming: Tools..................................................................................................................... 145
6 Programming: Tool movements..................................................................................................167
7 Programming: Subprograms and program section repeats.................................................... 173
8 Programming: Q Parameters.......................................................................................................189
9 Programming: Miscellaneous functions.....................................................................................251
10 Programming: Special functions.................................................................................................261
11 Manual operation and setup.......................................................................................................279
12 Positioning with Manual Data Input..........................................................................................313
13 Test run and program run........................................................................................................... 317
14 MOD functions..............................................................................................................................345
15 Cycle fundamentals......................................................................................................................371
16 Drilling, boring and thread cycles...............................................................................................393
17 Fixed cycles: Pocket milling / stud milling................................................................................ 427
18 Cycles: Coordinate Transformations...........................................................................................447
19 Cycles: Special Functions............................................................................................................ 463
20 Touch probe cycles.......................................................................................................................469
21 Tables and overviews...................................................................................................................489
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Contents
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1 First Steps with the TNC 128....................................................................................................... 43
1.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................ 44
1.2 Machine switch-on................................................................................................................................44
Acknowledging the power interruption and moving to the reference points..........................................44
1.3 Programming the first part..................................................................................................................45
Selecting the correct operating mode.................................................................................................... 45
The most important TNC keys................................................................................................................45
Creating a new program/file management.............................................................................................46
Defining a workpiece blank.................................................................................................................... 47
Program layout........................................................................................................................................ 48
Programming a simple contour...............................................................................................................49
Creating a cycle program........................................................................................................................51
1.4 Graphically testing the first part.........................................................................................................53
Selecting the correct operating mode.................................................................................................... 53
Selecting the tool table for the test run................................................................................................. 53
Choosing the program you want to test................................................................................................ 54
Selecting the screen layout and the view.............................................................................................. 54
Starting the test run................................................................................................................................55
1.5 Setting up tools.................................................................................................................................... 56
Selecting the correct operating mode.................................................................................................... 56
Preparing and measuring tools............................................................................................................... 56
The tool table TOOL.T............................................................................................................................ 57
1.6 Workpiece setup....................................................................................................................................58
Selecting the correct operating mode.................................................................................................... 58
Clamping the workpiece......................................................................................................................... 58
Datum setting with 3-D touch probe (software option 17: Touch Probe Functions)................................59
1.7 Running the first program...................................................................................................................60
Selecting the correct operating mode.................................................................................................... 60
Choosing the program you want to run................................................................................................. 60
Start the program....................................................................................................................................60
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Contents
2 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................61
2.1 The TNC 128.......................................................................................................................................... 62
Programming: In HEIDENHAIN conversational.......................................................................................62
Compatibility............................................................................................................................................62
2.2 Visual display unit and operating panel............................................................................................ 63
Display screen.........................................................................................................................................63
Setting the screen layout........................................................................................................................63
Control Panel...........................................................................................................................................64
2.3 Modes of Operation..............................................................................................................................65
Manual Operation and El. Handwheel....................................................................................................65
Positioning with Manual Data Input........................................................................................................65
Programming...........................................................................................................................................65
Test Run.................................................................................................................................................. 66
Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, Single Block................................................................66
2.4 Status displays...................................................................................................................................... 67
"General" status display...........................................................................................................................67
Additional status displays........................................................................................................................68
2.5 Window Manager..................................................................................................................................74
Task bar................................................................................................................................................... 75
2.6 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels......................................76
3-D touch probes.................................................................................................................................... 76
HR electronic handwheels......................................................................................................................77
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3 Programming: Fundamentals, file management.........................................................................79
3.1 Fundamentals........................................................................................................................................ 80
Position encoders and reference marks................................................................................................. 80
Reference system................................................................................................................................... 80
Reference system on milling machines..................................................................................................81
Designation of the axes on milling machines.........................................................................................81
Absolute and incremental workpiece positions......................................................................................82
Selecting the datum................................................................................................................................82
3.2 Opening and entering programs.........................................................................................................84
Organization of an NC program in HEIDENHAIN Conversational format................................................84
Define the blank: BLK FORM.................................................................................................................85
Opening a new part program................................................................................................................. 86
Programming tool movements in conversational................................................................................... 87
Actual position capture............................................................................................................................89
Editing a program....................................................................................................................................90
The TNC search function........................................................................................................................ 93
3.3 File manager: Fundamentals................................................................................................................95
Files......................................................................................................................................................... 95
Displaying externally generated files on the TNC...................................................................................97
Data Backup............................................................................................................................................ 97
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Contents
3.4 Working with the file manager........................................................................................................... 98
Directories............................................................................................................................................... 98
Paths........................................................................................................................................................98
Overview: Functions of the file manager............................................................................................... 99
Calling the file manager........................................................................................................................100
Selecting drives, directories and files...................................................................................................101
Creating a new directory...................................................................................................................... 102
Creating a new file................................................................................................................................102
Copying a single file..............................................................................................................................102
Copying files into another directory......................................................................................................103
Copying a table..................................................................................................................................... 104
Copying a directory............................................................................................................................... 104
Choosing one of the last files selected................................................................................................105
Deleting a file........................................................................................................................................106
Deleting a directory...............................................................................................................................106
Tagging files.......................................................................................................................................... 107
Renaming a file..................................................................................................................................... 108
Sorting files........................................................................................................................................... 108
Additional functions...............................................................................................................................109
Additional tools for management of external file types........................................................................110
Data transfer to/from an external data medium................................................................................... 116
The TNC in a network.......................................................................................................................... 118
USB devices on the TNC......................................................................................................................119
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4 Programming: Programming aids.............................................................................................. 121
4.1 Screen keyboard..................................................................................................................................122
Enter the text with the screen keyboard..............................................................................................122
4.2 Adding comments...............................................................................................................................123
Application.............................................................................................................................................123
Add comments......................................................................................................................................123
Functions for editing of the comment..................................................................................................123
4.3 Structuring programs..........................................................................................................................124
Definition and applications....................................................................................................................124
Displaying the program structure window / Changing the active window............................................124
Inserting a structuring block in the program window...........................................................................124
Selecting blocks in the program structure window..............................................................................124
4.4 Calculator............................................................................................................................................. 125
Operation...............................................................................................................................................125
4.5 Programming graphics....................................................................................................................... 128
Generate/do not generate graphics during programming.....................................................................128
Generating a graphic for an existing program...................................................................................... 128
Block number display ON/OFF..............................................................................................................129
Erasing the graphic............................................................................................................................... 129
Showing grid lines.................................................................................................................................129
Magnification or reduction of details.................................................................................................... 130
4.6 Error messages.................................................................................................................................... 131
Display of errors....................................................................................................................................131
Open the error window........................................................................................................................ 131
Closing the error window..................................................................................................................... 131
Detailed error messages.......................................................................................................................132
INTERNAL INFO soft key......................................................................................................................132
Clearing errors.......................................................................................................................................133
Error log.................................................................................................................................................133
Keystroke log.........................................................................................................................................134
Informational texts................................................................................................................................ 135
Saving service files............................................................................................................................... 135
Calling the TNCguide help system....................................................................................................... 136
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Contents
4.7 TNCguide context-sensitive help system.........................................................................................137
Application.............................................................................................................................................137
Working with the TNCguide................................................................................................................. 138
Downloading current help files............................................................................................................. 142
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5 Programming: Tools..................................................................................................................... 145
5.1 Entering tool-related data.................................................................................................................. 146
Feed rate F............................................................................................................................................146
Spindle speed S.................................................................................................................................... 147
5.2 Tool data...............................................................................................................................................148
Requirements for tool compensation................................................................................................... 148
Tool number, tool name........................................................................................................................148
Tool length L......................................................................................................................................... 148
Tool radius R......................................................................................................................................... 148
Delta values for lengths and radii.........................................................................................................149
Entering tool data into the program..................................................................................................... 149
Enter tool data into the table............................................................................................................... 150
Importing tool tables.............................................................................................................................158
Call tool data......................................................................................................................................... 159
Tool change........................................................................................................................................... 161
Tool usage test......................................................................................................................................161
5.3 Tool compensation..............................................................................................................................163
Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 163
Tool length compensation..................................................................................................................... 163
Tool radius compensation with paraxial positioning blocks.................................................................. 164
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Contents
6 Programming: Tool movements..................................................................................................167
6.1 Fundamentals...................................................................................................................................... 168
Tool movements in the program...........................................................................................................168
Miscellaneous functions M...................................................................................................................168
Subprograms and program section repeats......................................................................................... 169
Programming with Q parameters......................................................................................................... 169
6.2 Tool movements..................................................................................................................................170
Programming tool movements for workpiece machining..................................................................... 170
Capture actual position......................................................................................................................... 171
Example: Linear movement..................................................................................................................172
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7 Programming: Subprograms and program section repeats.................................................... 173
7.1 Labeling Subprograms and Program Section Repeats................................................................... 174
Label......................................................................................................................................................174
7.2 Subprograms....................................................................................................................................... 175
Operating sequence..............................................................................................................................175
Programming notes...............................................................................................................................175
Programming a subprogram................................................................................................................. 175
Calling a subprogram............................................................................................................................ 176
7.3 Program-section repeats.................................................................................................................... 177
Label......................................................................................................................................................177
Operating sequence..............................................................................................................................177
Programming notes...............................................................................................................................177
Programming a program section repeat...............................................................................................178
Calling a program section repeat..........................................................................................................178
7.4 Any desired program as subprogram............................................................................................... 179
Operating sequence..............................................................................................................................179
Programming notes...............................................................................................................................179
Calling any program as a subprogram..................................................................................................180
7.5 Nesting................................................................................................................................................. 181
Types of nesting....................................................................................................................................181
Nesting depth........................................................................................................................................181
Subprogram within a subprogram........................................................................................................ 182
Repeating program section repeats......................................................................................................183
Repeating a subprogram.......................................................................................................................184
7.6 Programming examples..................................................................................................................... 185
Example: Groups of holes.................................................................................................................... 185
Example: Group of holes with several tools.........................................................................................187
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Contents
8 Programming: Q Parameters.......................................................................................................189
8.1 Principle and overview of functions................................................................................................. 190
Programming notes...............................................................................................................................191
Calling Q parameter functions..............................................................................................................192
8.2 Part families—Q parameters in place of numerical values............................................................. 193
Application.............................................................................................................................................193
8.3 Describing contours with mathematical functions......................................................................... 194
Application.............................................................................................................................................194
Overview............................................................................................................................................... 194
Programming fundamental operations..................................................................................................195
8.4 Angle functions................................................................................................................................... 196
Definitions............................................................................................................................................. 196
Programming trigonometric functions.................................................................................................. 196
8.5 Calculation of circles...........................................................................................................................197
Application.............................................................................................................................................197
8.6 If-then decisions with Q parameters................................................................................................ 198
Application.............................................................................................................................................198
Unconditional jumps..............................................................................................................................198
Programming if-then decisions............................................................................................................. 198
Abbreviations used:...............................................................................................................................199
8.7 Checking and changing Q parameters............................................................................................. 200
Procedure.............................................................................................................................................. 200
8.8 Additional functions............................................................................................................................202
Overview............................................................................................................................................... 202
FN 14: ERROR: Displaying error messages......................................................................................... 203
FN 16: F-PRINT: Output of formatted texts and Q parameter values....................................................207
FN 18: SYSREAD: Reading system data.............................................................................................. 211
FN 19: PLC: Transfer values to PLC..................................................................................................... 220
FN 20: WAIT FOR: NC and PLC synchronization................................................................................. 220
FN 29: PLC: Transfer values to the PLC...............................................................................................221
FN 37: EXPORT.....................................................................................................................................221
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8.9 Accessing tables with SQL commands............................................................................................222
Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 222
A transaction......................................................................................................................................... 223
Programming SQL commands..............................................................................................................225
Overview of the soft keys.................................................................................................................... 225
SQL BIND..............................................................................................................................................226
SQL SELECT......................................................................................................................................... 227
SQL FETCH........................................................................................................................................... 229
SQL UPDATE.........................................................................................................................................230
SQL INSERT..........................................................................................................................................230
SQL COMMIT....................................................................................................................................... 231
SQL ROLLBACK....................................................................................................................................231
8.10 Entering formulas directly..................................................................................................................232
Entering formulas..................................................................................................................................232
Rules for formulas.................................................................................................................................234
Programming example.......................................................................................................................... 235
8.11 String parameters............................................................................................................................... 236
String processing functions.................................................................................................................. 236
Assigning string parameters................................................................................................................. 237
Chain-linking string parameters.............................................................................................................237
Converting a numerical value to a string parameter.............................................................................238
Copying a substring from a string parameter.......................................................................................239
Converting a string parameter to a numerical value.............................................................................240
Checking a string parameter.................................................................................................................241
Finding the length of a string parameter..............................................................................................242
Comparing alphabetic sequence...........................................................................................................243
Reading machine parameters............................................................................................................... 244
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Contents
8.12 Preassigned Q parameters................................................................................................................. 247
Values from the PLC: Q100 to Q107....................................................................................................247
Active tool radius: Q108........................................................................................................................247
Tool axis: Q109......................................................................................................................................247
Spindle status: Q110............................................................................................................................. 248
Coolant on/off: Q111............................................................................................................................. 248
Overlap factor: Q112............................................................................................................................. 248
Unit of measurement for dimensions in the program: Q113................................................................248
Tool length: Q114.................................................................................................................................. 248
Coordinates after probing during program run..................................................................................... 249
Deviation between actual value and nominal value during automatic tool measurement with the
TT 130....................................................................................................................................................249
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9 Programming: Miscellaneous functions.....................................................................................251
9.1 Entering miscellaneous functions M.................................................................................................252
Fundamentals........................................................................................................................................252
9.2 M functions for program run inspection, spindle and coolant.......................................................253
Overview............................................................................................................................................... 253
9.3 Miscellaneous functions for coordinate data...................................................................................254
Programming machine-referenced coordinates: M91/M92.................................................................. 254
Reducing display of a rotary axis to a value less than 360°: M94........................................................256
9.4 Miscellaneous functions for path behavior......................................................................................257
Feed rate factor for plunging movements: M103.................................................................................257
Feed rate in millimeters per spindle revolution: M136.........................................................................258
Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis direction: M140...............................................................259
Suppressing touch probe monitoring: M141........................................................................................ 260
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Contents
10 Programming: Special functions.................................................................................................261
10.1 Overview of special functions........................................................................................................... 262
Main menu for SPEC FCT special functions........................................................................................ 262
Program defaults menu........................................................................................................................ 263
Functions for contour and point machining menu................................................................................263
Menu of various conversational functions............................................................................................ 264
10.2 Freely definable tables....................................................................................................................... 265
Fundamentals........................................................................................................................................265
Creating a freely definable table...........................................................................................................265
Editing the table format........................................................................................................................266
Switching between table and form view..............................................................................................267
FN 26: TABOPEN: Open a freely definable table.................................................................................268
FN 27: TABWRITE: Write to a freely definable table............................................................................269
FN 28: TABREAD: Read from a freely definable table......................................................................... 270
10.3 File functions....................................................................................................................................... 271
Application.............................................................................................................................................271
Defining file functions...........................................................................................................................271
10.4 Definition of a datum shift................................................................................................................ 272
Overview............................................................................................................................................... 272
TRANS DATUM AXIS............................................................................................................................ 272
TRANS DATUM TABLE.........................................................................................................................273
TRANS DATUM RESET.........................................................................................................................274
10.5 Creating Text Files...............................................................................................................................275
Application.............................................................................................................................................275
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Opening and exiting text files...............................................................................................................275
Editing texts.......................................................................................................................................... 276
Deleting and re-inserting characters, words and lines..........................................................................276
Editing text blocks.................................................................................................................................277
Finding text sections.............................................................................................................................278
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11 Manual operation and setup.......................................................................................................279
11.1 Switch-on, switch-off..........................................................................................................................280
Switch-on...............................................................................................................................................280
Switch-off...............................................................................................................................................281
11.2 Moving the machine axes..................................................................................................................282
Note.......................................................................................................................................................282
Moving the axis with the machine axis direction buttons.................................................................... 282
Incremental jog positioning...................................................................................................................282
Traverse with the HR 410 electronic handwheel..................................................................................283
11.3 Spindle speed S, feed rate F and miscellaneous function M......................................................... 284
Application.............................................................................................................................................284
Entering values......................................................................................................................................284
Adjusting spindle speed and feed rate................................................................................................. 285
11.4 Datum setting without a 3-D touch probe.......................................................................................286
Note.......................................................................................................................................................286
Preparation.............................................................................................................................................286
Workpiece presetting with axis keys....................................................................................................286
Datum management with the preset table..........................................................................................287
11.5 Using 3-D touch probes (Touch Probe Functions software option 17).......................................... 293
Overview............................................................................................................................................... 293
Functions in touch probe cycles........................................................................................................... 294
Selecting touch probe cycles................................................................................................................296
Recording measured values from the touch-probe cycles................................................................... 297
Writing measured values from the touch probe cycles in a datum table............................................. 298
Writing measured values from the touch probe cycles in the preset table.......................................... 299
11.6 Calibrating a 3-D touch trigger probe (Touch Probe Functions software option 17).....................300
Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 300
Calibrating the effective length............................................................................................................. 301
Calibrating the effective radius and compensating center misalignment............................................. 302
Displaying calibration values................................................................................................................. 304
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Contents
11.7 Datum setting with 3-D touch probe (Touch Probe Functions software option 17)......................305
Overview............................................................................................................................................... 305
Datum setting in any axis..................................................................................................................... 305
Circle center as datum..........................................................................................................................306
Setting a center line as datum............................................................................................................. 308
Measuring workpieces with a 3-D touch probe................................................................................... 309
Using touch probe functions with mechanical probes or measuring dials............................................311
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12 Positioning with Manual Data Input..........................................................................................313
12.1 Programming and executing simple machining operations...........................................................314
Positioning with manual data input (MDI)............................................................................................ 314
Protecting and erasing programs in $MDI............................................................................................316
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Contents
13 Test run and program run........................................................................................................... 317
13.1 Graphics................................................................................................................................................318
Application.............................................................................................................................................318
Speed of the Setting test runs.............................................................................................................319
Overview: Display modes..................................................................................................................... 320
Plan view...............................................................................................................................................321
Projection in three planes.....................................................................................................................321
3-D view................................................................................................................................................ 322
Detail magnification...............................................................................................................................325
Repeating graphic simulation................................................................................................................326
Tool display............................................................................................................................................326
Measurement of machining time......................................................................................................... 327
13.2 Showing the workpiece blank in the working space......................................................................328
Application.............................................................................................................................................328
13.3 Functions for program display.......................................................................................................... 329
Overview............................................................................................................................................... 329
13.4 Test Run................................................................................................................................................330
Application.............................................................................................................................................330
13.5 Program run.........................................................................................................................................332
Application.............................................................................................................................................332
Running a part program........................................................................................................................333
Interrupt machining............................................................................................................................... 334
Moving the machine axes during an interruption................................................................................. 335
Resuming program run after an interruption........................................................................................ 335
Retraction after a power interruption....................................................................................................337
Any entry into program (mid-program startup).....................................................................................339
Returning to the contour.......................................................................................................................341
13.6 Optional block skip.............................................................................................................................342
Application.............................................................................................................................................342
Inserting the "/" character......................................................................................................................342
Erasing the "/" character........................................................................................................................342
13.7 Optional program-run interruption....................................................................................................343
Application.............................................................................................................................................343
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