heidenhain TNC 128 User Manual

TNC 128

User's Manual
HEIDENHAIN
Conversational Programming

NC Software
771841-02

English (en)
5/2014

Controls of the TNC

Controls of the TNC

Keys on visual display unit

Key Function

Select split screen layout

Toggle the display between
machining and programming
modes

Soft keys for selecting functions on
screen

Shifting between soft-key rows

Machine operating modes

Key Function

Manual operation

Electronic handwheel

Key Function

Select MOD functions

Display help text for NC error
messages, call TNCguide

Display all current error messages

Show calculator

Navigation keys

Key Function

Move highlight

Go directly to blocks, cycles and
parameter functions

Potentiometer for feed rate and spindle speed

Positioning with manual data input

Program run, single block

Program run, full sequence

Programming modes

Key Function

Programming

Test run

Program/file management, TNC functions

Key Function

Feed rate Spindle speed

Select or delete programs and files,
external data transfer

Define program call, select datum
and point tables

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ENT

Cycles, subprograms and program section repeats

Key Function

Define and call cycles

Enter and call labels for
subprogramming and program
section repeats

Tool functions

Key Function

Define tool data in the program

Call tool data

Special functions

Key Function

Key Function

Confirm entry and resume dialog

Conclude block and exit entry

Clear numerical entry or TNC error
message

Abort dialog, delete program
section

Show special functions

Select the next tab in forms

Up/down one dialog box or button

Entering and editing coordinate axes and numbers

Key Function

Select coordinate axes or enter

. . .

. . .

them in a program

Numbers

Decimal point / Reverse algebraic
sign

Polar coordinate input /
Incremental values

Q-parameter programming/
Q-parameter status

Save actual position or values from
calculator

Skip dialog questions, delete
words

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Controls of the TNC

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Fundamentals

Fundamentals

About this manual

About this manual

The symbols used in this manual are described below.

This symbol indicates that important information
about the function described must be considered.

This symbol indicates that there is one or more
of the following risks when using the described
function:

Danger to workpiece
Danger to fixtures
Danger to tool
Danger to machine
Danger to operator

This symbol indicates a possibly dangerous situation
that may cause injuries if not avoided.

This symbol indicates that the described function
must be adapted by the machine tool builder. The
function described may therefore vary depending on
the machine.

This symbol indicates that you can find detailed
information about a function in another manual.

Would you like any changes, or have you found any errors?

We are continuously striving to improve our documentation for you.
Please help us by sending your requests to the following e-mail
address: [e-mail].

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TNC model, software and features

TNC model, software and features

This manual describes functions and features provided by TNCs as
of the following NC software numbers.

TNC model NC software number

TNC 128 771841-02

The machine tool builder adapts the usable features of the TNC to
his machine by setting machine parameters. Some of the functions
described in this manual may therefore not be among the features
provided by the TNC on your machine tool.

TNC functions that may not be available on your machine include:

Probing functions for the 3-D touch probe

Please contact your machine tool builder to become familiar with
the features of your machine.

Many machine manufacturers, as well as HEIDENHAIN, offer
programming courses for the TNCs. We recommend these courses
as an effective way of improving your programming skill and
sharing information and ideas with other TNC users.

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Fundamentals

TNC model, software and features

Software options

The TNC 128 features various software options that can be enabled by your machine tool builder. Each option is to
be enabled separately and contains the following respective functions:

Touch Probe Functions (option 17)
Touch probe cycles

■

Datum setting in the Manual Operation mode
Automatic tool measurement

■

HEIDENHAIN DNC (option 18)

Communication with external PC applications over COM component

■

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TNC model, software and features

Feature Content Level (upgrade functions)

Along with software options, significant further improvements
of the TNC software are managed via the Feature Content Level
upgrade functions. Functions subject to the FCL are not available
simply by updating the software on your TNC.

All upgrade functions are available to you without
surcharge when you receive a new machine.

Upgrade functions are identified in the manual with FCL n, where n
indicates the sequential number of the feature content level.

You can purchase a code number in order to permanently enable
the FCL functions. For more information, contact your machine tool
builder or HEIDENHAIN.

Intended place of operation

The TNC complies with the limits for a Class A device in
accordance with the specifications in EN 55022, and is intended for
use primarily in industrially-zoned areas.

Legal information

This product uses open source software. Further information is
available on the control under

Programming and Editing operating mode
MOD function
License Info soft key

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Fundamentals

TNC model, software and features

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Contents

1 First Steps with the TNC 128....................................................................................................... 43

2 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................61

3 Programming: Fundamentals, file management.........................................................................79

4 Programming: Programming aids.............................................................................................. 121

5 Programming: Tools..................................................................................................................... 145

6 Programming: Tool movements..................................................................................................167

7 Programming: Subprograms and program section repeats.................................................... 173

8 Programming: Q Parameters.......................................................................................................189

9 Programming: Miscellaneous functions.....................................................................................251

10 Programming: Special functions.................................................................................................261

11 Manual operation and setup.......................................................................................................279

12 Positioning with Manual Data Input..........................................................................................313

13 Test run and program run........................................................................................................... 317

14 MOD functions..............................................................................................................................345

15 Cycle fundamentals......................................................................................................................371

16 Drilling, boring and thread cycles...............................................................................................393

17 Fixed cycles: Pocket milling / stud milling................................................................................ 427

18 Cycles: Coordinate Transformations...........................................................................................447

19 Cycles: Special Functions............................................................................................................ 463

20 Touch probe cycles.......................................................................................................................469

21 Tables and overviews...................................................................................................................489

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Contents

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1 First Steps with the TNC 128....................................................................................................... 43

1.1 Overview................................................................................................................................................ 44

1.2 Machine switch-on................................................................................................................................44

Acknowledging the power interruption and moving to the reference points..........................................44

1.3 Programming the first part..................................................................................................................45

Selecting the correct operating mode.................................................................................................... 45

The most important TNC keys................................................................................................................45

Creating a new program/file management.............................................................................................46

Defining a workpiece blank.................................................................................................................... 47

Program layout........................................................................................................................................ 48

Programming a simple contour...............................................................................................................49

Creating a cycle program........................................................................................................................51

1.4 Graphically testing the first part.........................................................................................................53

Selecting the correct operating mode.................................................................................................... 53

Selecting the tool table for the test run................................................................................................. 53

Choosing the program you want to test................................................................................................ 54

Selecting the screen layout and the view.............................................................................................. 54

Starting the test run................................................................................................................................55

1.5 Setting up tools.................................................................................................................................... 56

Selecting the correct operating mode.................................................................................................... 56

Preparing and measuring tools............................................................................................................... 56

The tool table TOOL.T............................................................................................................................ 57

1.6 Workpiece setup....................................................................................................................................58

Selecting the correct operating mode.................................................................................................... 58

Clamping the workpiece......................................................................................................................... 58

Datum setting with 3-D touch probe (software option 17: Touch Probe Functions)................................59

1.7 Running the first program...................................................................................................................60

Selecting the correct operating mode.................................................................................................... 60

Choosing the program you want to run................................................................................................. 60

Start the program....................................................................................................................................60

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Contents

2 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................61

2.1 The TNC 128.......................................................................................................................................... 62

Programming: In HEIDENHAIN conversational.......................................................................................62

Compatibility............................................................................................................................................62

2.2 Visual display unit and operating panel............................................................................................ 63

Display screen.........................................................................................................................................63

Setting the screen layout........................................................................................................................63

Control Panel...........................................................................................................................................64

2.3 Modes of Operation..............................................................................................................................65

Manual Operation and El. Handwheel....................................................................................................65

Positioning with Manual Data Input........................................................................................................65

Programming...........................................................................................................................................65

Test Run.................................................................................................................................................. 66

Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, Single Block................................................................66

2.4 Status displays...................................................................................................................................... 67

"General" status display...........................................................................................................................67

Additional status displays........................................................................................................................68

2.5 Window Manager..................................................................................................................................74

Task bar................................................................................................................................................... 75

2.6 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels......................................76

3-D touch probes.................................................................................................................................... 76

HR electronic handwheels......................................................................................................................77

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3 Programming: Fundamentals, file management.........................................................................79

3.1 Fundamentals........................................................................................................................................ 80

Position encoders and reference marks................................................................................................. 80

Reference system................................................................................................................................... 80

Reference system on milling machines..................................................................................................81

Designation of the axes on milling machines.........................................................................................81

Absolute and incremental workpiece positions......................................................................................82

Selecting the datum................................................................................................................................82

3.2 Opening and entering programs.........................................................................................................84

Organization of an NC program in HEIDENHAIN Conversational format................................................84

Define the blank: BLK FORM.................................................................................................................85

Opening a new part program................................................................................................................. 86

Programming tool movements in conversational................................................................................... 87

Actual position capture............................................................................................................................89

Editing a program....................................................................................................................................90

The TNC search function........................................................................................................................ 93

3.3 File manager: Fundamentals................................................................................................................95

Files......................................................................................................................................................... 95

Displaying externally generated files on the TNC...................................................................................97

Data Backup............................................................................................................................................ 97

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3.4 Working with the file manager........................................................................................................... 98

Directories............................................................................................................................................... 98

Paths........................................................................................................................................................98

Overview: Functions of the file manager............................................................................................... 99

Calling the file manager........................................................................................................................100

Selecting drives, directories and files...................................................................................................101

Creating a new directory...................................................................................................................... 102

Creating a new file................................................................................................................................102

Copying a single file..............................................................................................................................102

Copying files into another directory......................................................................................................103

Copying a table..................................................................................................................................... 104

Copying a directory............................................................................................................................... 104

Choosing one of the last files selected................................................................................................105

Deleting a file........................................................................................................................................106

Deleting a directory...............................................................................................................................106

Tagging files.......................................................................................................................................... 107

Renaming a file..................................................................................................................................... 108

Sorting files........................................................................................................................................... 108

Additional functions...............................................................................................................................109

Additional tools for management of external file types........................................................................110

Data transfer to/from an external data medium................................................................................... 116

The TNC in a network.......................................................................................................................... 118

USB devices on the TNC......................................................................................................................119

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4 Programming: Programming aids.............................................................................................. 121

4.1 Screen keyboard..................................................................................................................................122

Enter the text with the screen keyboard..............................................................................................122

4.2 Adding comments...............................................................................................................................123

Application.............................................................................................................................................123

Add comments......................................................................................................................................123

Functions for editing of the comment..................................................................................................123

4.3 Structuring programs..........................................................................................................................124

Definition and applications....................................................................................................................124

Displaying the program structure window / Changing the active window............................................124

Inserting a structuring block in the program window...........................................................................124

Selecting blocks in the program structure window..............................................................................124

4.4 Calculator............................................................................................................................................. 125

Operation...............................................................................................................................................125

4.5 Programming graphics....................................................................................................................... 128

Generate/do not generate graphics during programming.....................................................................128

Generating a graphic for an existing program...................................................................................... 128

Block number display ON/OFF..............................................................................................................129

Erasing the graphic............................................................................................................................... 129

Showing grid lines.................................................................................................................................129

Magnification or reduction of details.................................................................................................... 130

4.6 Error messages.................................................................................................................................... 131

Display of errors....................................................................................................................................131

Open the error window........................................................................................................................ 131

Closing the error window..................................................................................................................... 131

Detailed error messages.......................................................................................................................132

INTERNAL INFO soft key......................................................................................................................132

Clearing errors.......................................................................................................................................133

Error log.................................................................................................................................................133

Keystroke log.........................................................................................................................................134

Informational texts................................................................................................................................ 135

Saving service files............................................................................................................................... 135

Calling the TNCguide help system....................................................................................................... 136

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Contents

4.7 TNCguide context-sensitive help system.........................................................................................137

Application.............................................................................................................................................137

Working with the TNCguide................................................................................................................. 138

Downloading current help files............................................................................................................. 142

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5 Programming: Tools..................................................................................................................... 145

5.1 Entering tool-related data.................................................................................................................. 146

Feed rate F............................................................................................................................................146

Spindle speed S.................................................................................................................................... 147

5.2 Tool data...............................................................................................................................................148

Requirements for tool compensation................................................................................................... 148

Tool number, tool name........................................................................................................................148

Tool length L......................................................................................................................................... 148

Tool radius R......................................................................................................................................... 148

Delta values for lengths and radii.........................................................................................................149

Entering tool data into the program..................................................................................................... 149

Enter tool data into the table............................................................................................................... 150

Importing tool tables.............................................................................................................................158

Call tool data......................................................................................................................................... 159

Tool change........................................................................................................................................... 161

Tool usage test......................................................................................................................................161

5.3 Tool compensation..............................................................................................................................163

Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 163

Tool length compensation..................................................................................................................... 163

Tool radius compensation with paraxial positioning blocks.................................................................. 164

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Contents

6 Programming: Tool movements..................................................................................................167

6.1 Fundamentals...................................................................................................................................... 168

Tool movements in the program...........................................................................................................168

Miscellaneous functions M...................................................................................................................168

Subprograms and program section repeats......................................................................................... 169

Programming with Q parameters......................................................................................................... 169

6.2 Tool movements..................................................................................................................................170

Programming tool movements for workpiece machining..................................................................... 170

Capture actual position......................................................................................................................... 171

Example: Linear movement..................................................................................................................172

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7 Programming: Subprograms and program section repeats.................................................... 173

7.1 Labeling Subprograms and Program Section Repeats................................................................... 174

Label......................................................................................................................................................174

7.2 Subprograms....................................................................................................................................... 175

Operating sequence..............................................................................................................................175

Programming notes...............................................................................................................................175

Programming a subprogram................................................................................................................. 175

Calling a subprogram............................................................................................................................ 176

7.3 Program-section repeats.................................................................................................................... 177

Label......................................................................................................................................................177

Operating sequence..............................................................................................................................177

Programming notes...............................................................................................................................177

Programming a program section repeat...............................................................................................178

Calling a program section repeat..........................................................................................................178

7.4 Any desired program as subprogram............................................................................................... 179

Operating sequence..............................................................................................................................179

Programming notes...............................................................................................................................179

Calling any program as a subprogram..................................................................................................180

7.5 Nesting................................................................................................................................................. 181

Types of nesting....................................................................................................................................181

Nesting depth........................................................................................................................................181

Subprogram within a subprogram........................................................................................................ 182

Repeating program section repeats......................................................................................................183

Repeating a subprogram.......................................................................................................................184

7.6 Programming examples..................................................................................................................... 185

Example: Groups of holes.................................................................................................................... 185

Example: Group of holes with several tools.........................................................................................187

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Contents

8 Programming: Q Parameters.......................................................................................................189

8.1 Principle and overview of functions................................................................................................. 190

Programming notes...............................................................................................................................191

Calling Q parameter functions..............................................................................................................192

8.2 Part families—Q parameters in place of numerical values............................................................. 193

Application.............................................................................................................................................193

8.3 Describing contours with mathematical functions......................................................................... 194

Application.............................................................................................................................................194

Overview............................................................................................................................................... 194

Programming fundamental operations..................................................................................................195

8.4 Angle functions................................................................................................................................... 196

Definitions............................................................................................................................................. 196

Programming trigonometric functions.................................................................................................. 196

8.5 Calculation of circles...........................................................................................................................197

Application.............................................................................................................................................197

8.6 If-then decisions with Q parameters................................................................................................ 198

Application.............................................................................................................................................198

Unconditional jumps..............................................................................................................................198

Programming if-then decisions............................................................................................................. 198

Abbreviations used:...............................................................................................................................199

8.7 Checking and changing Q parameters............................................................................................. 200

Procedure.............................................................................................................................................. 200

8.8 Additional functions............................................................................................................................202

Overview............................................................................................................................................... 202

FN 14: ERROR: Displaying error messages......................................................................................... 203

FN 16: F-PRINT: Output of formatted texts and Q parameter values....................................................207

FN 18: SYSREAD: Reading system data.............................................................................................. 211

FN 19: PLC: Transfer values to PLC..................................................................................................... 220

FN 20: WAIT FOR: NC and PLC synchronization................................................................................. 220

FN 29: PLC: Transfer values to the PLC...............................................................................................221

FN 37: EXPORT.....................................................................................................................................221

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8.9 Accessing tables with SQL commands............................................................................................222

Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 222

A transaction......................................................................................................................................... 223

Programming SQL commands..............................................................................................................225

Overview of the soft keys.................................................................................................................... 225

SQL BIND..............................................................................................................................................226

SQL SELECT......................................................................................................................................... 227

SQL FETCH........................................................................................................................................... 229

SQL UPDATE.........................................................................................................................................230

SQL INSERT..........................................................................................................................................230

SQL COMMIT....................................................................................................................................... 231

SQL ROLLBACK....................................................................................................................................231

8.10 Entering formulas directly..................................................................................................................232

Entering formulas..................................................................................................................................232

Rules for formulas.................................................................................................................................234

Programming example.......................................................................................................................... 235

8.11 String parameters............................................................................................................................... 236

String processing functions.................................................................................................................. 236

Assigning string parameters................................................................................................................. 237

Chain-linking string parameters.............................................................................................................237

Converting a numerical value to a string parameter.............................................................................238

Copying a substring from a string parameter.......................................................................................239

Converting a string parameter to a numerical value.............................................................................240

Checking a string parameter.................................................................................................................241

Finding the length of a string parameter..............................................................................................242

Comparing alphabetic sequence...........................................................................................................243

Reading machine parameters............................................................................................................... 244

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Contents

8.12 Preassigned Q parameters................................................................................................................. 247

Values from the PLC: Q100 to Q107....................................................................................................247

Active tool radius: Q108........................................................................................................................247

Tool axis: Q109......................................................................................................................................247

Spindle status: Q110............................................................................................................................. 248

Coolant on/off: Q111............................................................................................................................. 248

Overlap factor: Q112............................................................................................................................. 248

Unit of measurement for dimensions in the program: Q113................................................................248

Tool length: Q114.................................................................................................................................. 248

Coordinates after probing during program run..................................................................................... 249

Deviation between actual value and nominal value during automatic tool measurement with the

TT 130....................................................................................................................................................249

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9 Programming: Miscellaneous functions.....................................................................................251

9.1 Entering miscellaneous functions M.................................................................................................252

Fundamentals........................................................................................................................................252

9.2 M functions for program run inspection, spindle and coolant.......................................................253

Overview............................................................................................................................................... 253

9.3 Miscellaneous functions for coordinate data...................................................................................254

Programming machine-referenced coordinates: M91/M92.................................................................. 254

Reducing display of a rotary axis to a value less than 360°: M94........................................................256

9.4 Miscellaneous functions for path behavior......................................................................................257

Feed rate factor for plunging movements: M103.................................................................................257

Feed rate in millimeters per spindle revolution: M136.........................................................................258

Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis direction: M140...............................................................259

Suppressing touch probe monitoring: M141........................................................................................ 260

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Contents

10 Programming: Special functions.................................................................................................261

10.1 Overview of special functions........................................................................................................... 262

Main menu for SPEC FCT special functions........................................................................................ 262

Program defaults menu........................................................................................................................ 263

Functions for contour and point machining menu................................................................................263

Menu of various conversational functions............................................................................................ 264

10.2 Freely definable tables....................................................................................................................... 265

Fundamentals........................................................................................................................................265

Creating a freely definable table...........................................................................................................265

Editing the table format........................................................................................................................266

Switching between table and form view..............................................................................................267

FN 26: TABOPEN: Open a freely definable table.................................................................................268

FN 27: TABWRITE: Write to a freely definable table............................................................................269

FN 28: TABREAD: Read from a freely definable table......................................................................... 270

10.3 File functions....................................................................................................................................... 271

Application.............................................................................................................................................271

Defining file functions...........................................................................................................................271

10.4 Definition of a datum shift................................................................................................................ 272

Overview............................................................................................................................................... 272

TRANS DATUM AXIS............................................................................................................................ 272

TRANS DATUM TABLE.........................................................................................................................273

TRANS DATUM RESET.........................................................................................................................274

10.5 Creating Text Files...............................................................................................................................275

Application.............................................................................................................................................275

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Opening and exiting text files...............................................................................................................275

Editing texts.......................................................................................................................................... 276

Deleting and re-inserting characters, words and lines..........................................................................276

Editing text blocks.................................................................................................................................277

Finding text sections.............................................................................................................................278

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11 Manual operation and setup.......................................................................................................279

11.1 Switch-on, switch-off..........................................................................................................................280

Switch-on...............................................................................................................................................280

Switch-off...............................................................................................................................................281

11.2 Moving the machine axes..................................................................................................................282

Note.......................................................................................................................................................282

Moving the axis with the machine axis direction buttons.................................................................... 282

Incremental jog positioning...................................................................................................................282

Traverse with the HR 410 electronic handwheel..................................................................................283

11.3 Spindle speed S, feed rate F and miscellaneous function M......................................................... 284

Application.............................................................................................................................................284

Entering values......................................................................................................................................284

Adjusting spindle speed and feed rate................................................................................................. 285

11.4 Datum setting without a 3-D touch probe.......................................................................................286

Note.......................................................................................................................................................286

Preparation.............................................................................................................................................286

Workpiece presetting with axis keys....................................................................................................286

Datum management with the preset table..........................................................................................287

11.5 Using 3-D touch probes (Touch Probe Functions software option 17).......................................... 293

Overview............................................................................................................................................... 293

Functions in touch probe cycles........................................................................................................... 294

Selecting touch probe cycles................................................................................................................296

Recording measured values from the touch-probe cycles................................................................... 297

Writing measured values from the touch probe cycles in a datum table............................................. 298

Writing measured values from the touch probe cycles in the preset table.......................................... 299

11.6 Calibrating a 3-D touch trigger probe (Touch Probe Functions software option 17).....................300

Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 300

Calibrating the effective length............................................................................................................. 301

Calibrating the effective radius and compensating center misalignment............................................. 302

Displaying calibration values................................................................................................................. 304

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Contents

11.7 Datum setting with 3-D touch probe (Touch Probe Functions software option 17)......................305

Overview............................................................................................................................................... 305

Datum setting in any axis..................................................................................................................... 305

Circle center as datum..........................................................................................................................306

Setting a center line as datum............................................................................................................. 308

Measuring workpieces with a 3-D touch probe................................................................................... 309

Using touch probe functions with mechanical probes or measuring dials............................................311

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12 Positioning with Manual Data Input..........................................................................................313

12.1 Programming and executing simple machining operations...........................................................314

Positioning with manual data input (MDI)............................................................................................ 314

Protecting and erasing programs in $MDI............................................................................................316

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Contents

13 Test run and program run........................................................................................................... 317

13.1 Graphics................................................................................................................................................318

Application.............................................................................................................................................318

Speed of the Setting test runs.............................................................................................................319

Overview: Display modes..................................................................................................................... 320

Plan view...............................................................................................................................................321

Projection in three planes.....................................................................................................................321

3-D view................................................................................................................................................ 322

Detail magnification...............................................................................................................................325

Repeating graphic simulation................................................................................................................326

Tool display............................................................................................................................................326

Measurement of machining time......................................................................................................... 327

13.2 Showing the workpiece blank in the working space......................................................................328

Application.............................................................................................................................................328

13.3 Functions for program display.......................................................................................................... 329

Overview............................................................................................................................................... 329

13.4 Test Run................................................................................................................................................330

Application.............................................................................................................................................330

13.5 Program run.........................................................................................................................................332

Application.............................................................................................................................................332

Running a part program........................................................................................................................333

Interrupt machining............................................................................................................................... 334

Moving the machine axes during an interruption................................................................................. 335

Resuming program run after an interruption........................................................................................ 335

Retraction after a power interruption....................................................................................................337

Any entry into program (mid-program startup).....................................................................................339

Returning to the contour.......................................................................................................................341

13.6 Optional block skip.............................................................................................................................342

Application.............................................................................................................................................342

Inserting the "/" character......................................................................................................................342

Erasing the "/" character........................................................................................................................342

13.7 Optional program-run interruption....................................................................................................343

Application.............................................................................................................................................343

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14 MOD functions..............................................................................................................................345

14.1 MOD function...................................................................................................................................... 346

Selecting MOD functions......................................................................................................................346

Changing the settings...........................................................................................................................346

Exiting MOD functions..........................................................................................................................346

Overview of MOD functions................................................................................................................ 347

14.2 Graphic settings.................................................................................................................................. 348

14.3 Machine settings.................................................................................................................................349

External access..................................................................................................................................... 349

Tool usage file....................................................................................................................................... 349

Select kinematics.................................................................................................................................. 350

14.4 System settings...................................................................................................................................351

Set the system time.............................................................................................................................351

14.5 Position Display Types........................................................................................................................352

Application.............................................................................................................................................352

14.6 Setting the unit of measure.............................................................................................................. 353

Application.............................................................................................................................................353

14.7 Displaying operating times................................................................................................................ 353

Application.............................................................................................................................................353

14.8 Software numbers...............................................................................................................................354

Application.............................................................................................................................................354

14.9 Entering the code number................................................................................................................. 354

Application.............................................................................................................................................354

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14.10Setting up data interfaces..................................................................................................................355

Serial interfaces on the TNC 128..........................................................................................................355

Application.............................................................................................................................................355

Setting the RS-232 interface.................................................................................................................355

Setting the BAUD RATE (baudRate)..................................................................................................... 355

Setting the protocol (protocol).............................................................................................................. 356

Setting data bits (dataBits)....................................................................................................................356

Check parity (parity).............................................................................................................................. 356

Setting the stop bits (stopBits).............................................................................................................356

Setting handshaking (flowControl)........................................................................................................ 357

Settings for data transfer with the TNCserver PC software.................................................................357

Setting the operating mode of the external device (fileSystem).......................................................... 358

Data transfer software..........................................................................................................................359

14.11Ethernet interface................................................................................................................................361

Introduction........................................................................................................................................... 361

Connection options............................................................................................................................... 361

Configuring the TNC............................................................................................................................. 361

14.12Firewall................................................................................................................................................. 367

Application.............................................................................................................................................367

14.13Load machine configuration.............................................................................................................. 370

Application.............................................................................................................................................370

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15 Cycle fundamentals......................................................................................................................371

15.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................372

15.2 Available Cycle Groups.......................................................................................................................373

Overview of fixed cycles...................................................................................................................... 373

15.3 Working with fixed cycles..................................................................................................................374

Machine-specific cycles.........................................................................................................................374

Defining a cycle using soft keys...........................................................................................................375

Defining a cycle using the GOTO function........................................................................................... 375

Calling a cycle....................................................................................................................................... 376

15.4 PATTERN DEF pattern definition....................................................................................................... 378

Application.............................................................................................................................................378

Entering PATTERN DEF........................................................................................................................ 378

Using PATTERN DEF.............................................................................................................................379

Defining individual machining positions................................................................................................379

Defining a single row............................................................................................................................379

Defining a single pattern.......................................................................................................................381

Defining individual frames.....................................................................................................................382

Defining a full circle.............................................................................................................................. 383

Defining a pitch circle........................................................................................................................... 383

15.5 POLAR PATTERN (Cycle 220)............................................................................................................. 384

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 384

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 384

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 385

15.6 LINEAR PATTERN (Cycle 221)............................................................................................................ 387

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 387

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 387

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 388

15.7 Point tables..........................................................................................................................................389

Application.............................................................................................................................................389

Creating a point table........................................................................................................................... 389

Hiding single points from the machining process................................................................................ 390

Selecting a point table in the program................................................................................................. 390

Calling a cycle in connection with point tables.................................................................................... 391

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Contents

16 Drilling, boring and thread cycles...............................................................................................393

16.1 Fundamentals...................................................................................................................................... 394

Overview............................................................................................................................................... 394

16.2 CENTERING (Cycle 240)......................................................................................................................395

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 395

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 395

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 396

16.3 DRILLING (Cycle 200)..........................................................................................................................397

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 397

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 397

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 398

16.4 REAMING (Cycle 201)......................................................................................................................... 399

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 399

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 399

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 400

16.5 BORING (Cycle 202)............................................................................................................................ 401

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 401

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 402

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 403

16.6 UNIVERSAL DRILLING (Cycle 203).................................................................................................... 404

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 404

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 404

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 405

16.7 BACK BORING (Cycle 204)................................................................................................................. 407

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 407

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 407

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 409

16.8 UNIVERSAL PECKING (Cycle 205).....................................................................................................410

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 410

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 410

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 412

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16.9 SINGLE-LIP DEEP-HOLE DRILLING (Cycle 241)................................................................................ 414

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 414

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 414

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 415

16.10Programming Examples..................................................................................................................... 417

Example: Drilling cycles........................................................................................................................ 417

Example: Using drilling cycles in connection with PATTERN DEF........................................................418

16.11TAPPING with a floating tap holder (Cycle 206)............................................................................. 420

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 420

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 420

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 421

16.12RIGID TAPPING without a floating tap holder (Cycle 207)............................................................. 422

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 422

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 422

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 423

16.13Programming Examples..................................................................................................................... 424

Example: Thread milling........................................................................................................................424

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Contents

17 Fixed cycles: Pocket milling / stud milling................................................................................ 427

17.1 Fundamentals...................................................................................................................................... 428

Overview............................................................................................................................................... 428

17.2 RECTANGULAR POCKET (Cycle 251)................................................................................................ 429

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 429

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 429

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 431

17.3 RECTANGULAR STUD (Cycle 256).................................................................................................... 433

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 433

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 433

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 435

17.4 FACE MILLING (Cycle 233)................................................................................................................. 437

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 437

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 439

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 441

17.5 Programming Examples..................................................................................................................... 444

Example: Milling pockets, studs........................................................................................................... 444

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18 Cycles: Coordinate Transformations...........................................................................................447

18.1 Fundamentals...................................................................................................................................... 448

Overview............................................................................................................................................... 448

Effect of coordinate transformations.................................................................................................... 448

18.2 DATUM SHIFT (Cycle 7)......................................................................................................................449

Effect..................................................................................................................................................... 449

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 449

18.3 DATUM SHIFT with datum tables (Cycle 7)..................................................................................... 450

Effect..................................................................................................................................................... 450

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 451

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 451

Selecting a datum table in the part program........................................................................................452

Edit the datum table in the Programming mode of operation..............................................................452

Configuring the datum table.................................................................................................................454

Exiting the datum table.........................................................................................................................454

Status displays...................................................................................................................................... 454

18.4 DATUM SETTING (Cycle 247).............................................................................................................455

Effect..................................................................................................................................................... 455

Please note before programming:........................................................................................................ 455

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 455

18.5 MIRRORING (Cycle 8)......................................................................................................................... 456

Effect..................................................................................................................................................... 456

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 456

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 456

18.6 SCALING (Cycle 11..............................................................................................................................457

Effect..................................................................................................................................................... 457

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 457

18.7 AXIS-SPECIFIC SCALING (Cycle 26)..................................................................................................458

Effect..................................................................................................................................................... 458

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 458

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 459

18.8 Programming Examples..................................................................................................................... 460

Example: Groups of holes.................................................................................................................... 460

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Contents

19 Cycles: Special Functions............................................................................................................ 463

19.1 Fundamentals...................................................................................................................................... 464

Overview............................................................................................................................................... 464

19.2 DWELL TIME (Cycle 9)........................................................................................................................ 465

Function.................................................................................................................................................465

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 465

19.3 PROGRAM CALL (Cycle 12)................................................................................................................ 466

Cycle function........................................................................................................................................466

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 466

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 467

19.4 SPINDLE ORIENTATION (Cycle 13)....................................................................................................468

Cycle function........................................................................................................................................468

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 468

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 468

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20 Touch probe cycles.......................................................................................................................469

20.1 General information about touch probe cycles............................................................................... 470

Method of function............................................................................................................................... 470

Touch probe cycles in the Manual Operation and Electronic Handwheel operating modes................. 470

20.2 Before You Start Working with Touch Probe Cycles....................................................................... 471

Maximum traverse to touch point: DIST in touch probe table..............................................................471

Set-up clearance to touch point: SET_UP in touch probe table............................................................471

Orient the infrared touch probe to the programmed probe direction: TRACK in touch probe table...... 471

Touch trigger probe, probing feed rate: F in touch probe table............................................................ 472

Touch trigger probe, rapid traverse for positioning: FMAX................................................................... 472

Touch trigger probe, rapid traverse for positioning: F_PREPOS in touch probe table........................... 472

Executing touch probe cycles...............................................................................................................473

20.3 Touch probe table............................................................................................................................... 474

General information...............................................................................................................................474

Editing touch probe tables.................................................................................................................... 474

Touch probe data...................................................................................................................................475

20.4 Fundamentals...................................................................................................................................... 476

Overview............................................................................................................................................... 476

Setting machine parameters................................................................................................................. 477

Entries in the tool table TOOL.T...........................................................................................................479

20.5 Calibrate the TT (Cycle 480, Touch Probe Functions software option 17)..................................... 481

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 481

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 481

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 481

20.6 Calibrate the wireless TT 449 (Cycle 484, software option 17 Touch Probe Functions software

option 17).............................................................................................................................................482

Fundamentals........................................................................................................................................482

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 482

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 482

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 482

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Contents

20.7 Measure the tool length (Cycle 481, software option 17 Touch Probe Functions software option

17)..........................................................................................................................................................483

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 483

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 483

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 484

20.8 Measure the tool radius (Cycle 482, software option 17 Touch Probe Functions software option

17)..........................................................................................................................................................485

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 485

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 485

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 486

20.9 Measure the tool length and radius (Cycle 483, software option 17 Touch Probe Functions

software option 17).............................................................................................................................487

Cycle run............................................................................................................................................... 487

Please note while programming:.......................................................................................................... 487

Cycle parameters.................................................................................................................................. 488

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21 Tables and overviews...................................................................................................................489

21.1 Machine-specific user parameters.....................................................................................................490

Application.............................................................................................................................................490

21.2 Connector pin layout and connection cables for data interfaces...................................................500

RS-232-C/V.24 interface for HEIDENHAIN devices...............................................................................500

Non-HEIDENHAIN devices....................................................................................................................502

Ethernet interface RJ45 socket............................................................................................................ 503

21.3 Technical Information..........................................................................................................................504

Technical Information.............................................................................................................................504

Fixed cycles...........................................................................................................................................508

Miscellaneous functions....................................................................................................................... 509

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1

First Steps with

the TNC 128

1

First Steps with the TNC 128

1.1 Overview

1.1 Overview

This chapter is intended to help TNC beginners quickly learn to
handle the most important procedures. For more information on a
respective topic, see the section referred to in the text.

The following topics are included in this chapter:

Machine switch-on
Programming the first part
Graphically testing the first part
Setting up tools
Workpiece setup
Running the first program

1.2 Machine switch-on

Acknowledging the power interruption and moving to the reference points

Switch-on and crossing over the reference points can
vary depending on the machine tool. Refer to your
machine manual. Refer to your machine manual.

Switch on the power supply for control and machine. The TNC
starts the operating system. This process may take several
minutes. Then the TNC will display the "Power interrupted"
message in the screen header.

Press the CE key: The TNC compiles the PLC
program

Switch on the control voltage: The TNC checks
operation of the emergency stop circuit and goes
into the reference run mode

Cross the reference points manually in the
displayed sequence: For each axis press the
machine START button. If you have absolute linear
and angle encoders on your machine there is no
need for a reference run

The TNC is now ready for operation in the Manual Operation
mode.

Further information on this topic

Traversing the reference marks: see "Switch-on", page 280
Operating modes: see "Programming", page 65

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NO

ENT

1.3 Programming the first part

Selecting the correct operating mode

You can write programs only in Programming mode:

Press the Programming operating mode key: The
TNC switches to Programming mode

Further information on this topic

Operating modes: see "Programming", page 65

The most important TNC keys

Functions for conversational guidance Key

Confirm entry and activate the next dialog
prompt

1

Programming the first part 1.3

Ignore the dialog question

End the dialog immediately

Abort dialog, discard entries

Soft keys on the screen with which you select
functions appropriate to the active state

Further information on this topic

Writing and editing programs: see "Editing a program",
page 90

Overview of keys: see "Controls of the TNC", page 2

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1

First Steps with the TNC 128

1.3 Programming the first part

Creating a new program/file management

Press the PGM MGT key: The TNC opens the
file manager. The file management of the TNC is
arranged much like the file management on a PC
with the Windows Explorer. The file management
enables you to manipulate data on the internal
memory of the TNC

Use the arrow keys to select the folder in which
you want to open the new file

Press the GOTO key: The TNC opens a keyboard in
the pop-up window

Enter any desired file name with the extension .H

Confirm with the ENT key: The control asks you
for the unit of measurement for the new program

Select the unit of measure: Press the MM or INCH
soft key

The TNC automatically generates the first and last blocks of the
program. Afterwards you can no longer change these blocks.

Further information on this topic

File management: see "Working with the file manager",
page 98

Creating a new program: see "Opening and entering programs",
page 84

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Programming the first part 1.3

Defining a workpiece blank

After you have created a new program you can define a workpiece
blank. For example, define a cuboid by entering the MIN and MAX
points, each with reference to the selected reference point.

After you have selected the desired blank form via soft key, the
TNC automatically initiates the workpiece blank definition and asks
for the required data:

Working plane in graphic: XY?: Enter the active spindle axis. Z
is saved as default setting. Accept with the ENT key

Workpiece blank def.: minimum X: Smallest X coordinate of
the workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g. 0.
Confirm with the ENT key

Workpiece blank def.: minimum Y: Smallest Y coordinate of
the workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g. 0.
Confirm with the ENT key

Workpiece blank def.: minimum Z: Smallest Z coordinate of
the workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g.
–40. Confirm with the ENT key

Workpiece blank def.: maximum X: Largest X coordinate of
the workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g.

100. Confirm with the ENT key
Workpiece blank def.: maximum Y: Largest Y coordinate of

the workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g.

100. Confirm with the ENT key
Workpiece blank def.: maximum Z: Largest Z coordinate of

the workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g. 0.
Confirm with the ENT key. The TNC concludes the dialog

1

Example NC blocks

0 BEGIN PGM NEW MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40

2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0

3 END PGM NEW MM

Further information on this topic

Defining the blank: page 86

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1

First Steps with the TNC 128

1.3 Programming the first part

Program layout

NC programs should be arranged consistently in a similar manner.
This makes it easier to find your place, accelerates programming
and reduces errors.

Recommended program layout for simple, conventional contour
machining

1 Call tool, define tool axis
2 Retract the tool
3 Pre-position the tool in the working plane near the contour starting

point

4 In the tool axis, position the tool above the workpiece, or

preposition immediately to workpiece depth. If required, switch on

the spindle/coolant
5 Contour approach
6 Contour machining
7 Contour departure
8 Retract the tool, end program

Further information on this topic

Contour programming: see "Tool movements in the program",

page 168

Layout of contour machining
programs

0 BEGIN PGM BSPCONT MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X... Y... Z...

2 BLK FORM 0.2 X... Y... Z...

3 TOOL CALL 5 Z S5000

4 Z+250 R0 FMAX

5 X... R0 FMAX

6 Z+10 R0 F3000 M13

...

16 X... R0 FMAX

17 Z+250 R0 FMAX M2

18 END PGM BSPCONT MM

Recommended program layout for simple cycle programs

1 Call tool, define tool axis
2 Retract the tool
3 Define the machining positions
4 Define the fixed cycle
5 Call the cycle, switch on the spindle/coolant
6 Retract the tool, end program

Further information on this topic

Cycle programming: see "Cycle fundamentals", page 371

Cycle program layout

0 BEGIN PGM BSBCYC MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X... Y... Z...

2 BLK FORM 0.2 X... Y... Z...

3 TOOL CALL 5 Z S5000

4 Z+250 R0 FMAX

5 PATTERN DEF POS1( X... Y... Z... ) ...

6 CYCL DEF...

7 CYCL CALL PAT FMAX M13

8 Z+250 R0 FMAX M2

9 END PGM BSBCYC MM

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Z

Y

Z

Programming a simple contour

The contour shown to the right is to be milled once to a depth of
5 mm. You have already defined the workpiece blank. After you
have initiated a dialog through a function key, enter all the data
requested by the TNC in the screen header.

Call the tool: Enter the tool data. Confirm each of
your entries with the ENT key. Do not forget the
tool axis

Retract the tool: Press the orange axis key and
enter the value for the position to be approached,
e.g. 250. Confirm with the ENT key

Confirm Radius comp.: R+/R–/no comp? by
pressing the ENT key: Do not activate the radius
compensation

Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)

Confirm the Miscellaneous function M? with the
END key: The TNC saves the entered positioning
block

Preposition the tool in the working plane: Press
the orange X axis key and enter the value for the
position to be approached, e.g. –20

Confirm Radius comp.: R+/R–/no comp? by
pressing the ENT key: Do not activate the radius
compensation

Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)

Confirm the Miscellaneous function M? with the
END key: The TNC saves the entered positioning
block

Press the orange Y axis key and enter the value for
the position to be approached, e.g. –20. Confirm
with the ENT key

Confirm Radius comp.: R+/R–/no comp? by
pressing the ENT key: Do not activate the radius
compensation

Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)

Confirm the Miscellaneous function M? with
theEND key: The TNC saves the entered
positioning block

Move the tool to workpiece depth: Press the
orange Z axis key and enter the value for the
position to be approached, e.g. –5. Confirm with
the ENT key

Confirm Radius comp.: R+/R–/no comp? by
pressing the ENT key: Do not activate the radius
compensation

Feed rate F=? Enter the positioning feed rate, e.g.
3000 mm/min and confirm with the ENT key

Miscellaneous function M? Switch on the spindle
and coolant, e.g. M13. Confirm with the END key:
The TNC saves the entered positioning block

1

Programming the first part 1.3

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49

1

Y

Y

Z

First Steps with the TNC 128

1.3 Programming the first part

Approach contour point 1: Press the orange X axis
key and enter the value 5 for the position to be
approached

Tool radius comp: R+/R-/no comp? Select the R–
soft key: The traverse path is decreased by the
tool radius

Feed rate F=? Enter the machining feed rate, e.g.
700 mm/min, and confirm your entry with the
END key

Approach contour point 2: Press the orange Y axis
key and enter the value 95 for the position to be
approached

Tool radius comp: R+/R-/no comp? Select the R+
soft key: The traverse path is increased by the tool
radius. Confirm your entry with the END key

Approach contour point 3: Press the orange X axis
key and enter the value 95 for the position to be
approached

Tool radius comp: R+/R-/no comp? Select the R+
soft key: The traverse path is increased by the tool
radius. Confirm your entry with the END key

Approach contour point 4: Press the orange Y axis
key and enter the value 5 for the position to be
approached

Tool radius comp: R+/R-/no comp? Select the R+
soft key: The traverse path is increased by the tool
radius. Confirm your entry with the END key

Approach contour point 1 and retract the tool:
Press the orange X axis key and enter the value 0
for the position to be approached

Tool radius comp: R+/R-/no comp? Select the R+
soft key: The traverse path is increased by the tool
radius. Confirm your entry with the END key

Retract the tool: Press the orange Z axis key in
order to retract in the tool axis, and enter the
value for the position to be approached, e.g. 250.
Confirm with the ENT key

Confirm Radius comp.: R+/R–/no comp? by
pressing the ENT key: Do not activate the radius
compensation

Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)

Miscellaneous function M? Enter M2 to end the

program and confirm with the END key: The TNC
saves the entered positioning block

Further information on this topic

Creating a new program: see "Opening and entering programs",

page 84

Programmable feed rates: see "Possible feed rate input",

page 88

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Z

Programming the first part 1.3

Tool radius compensation: see "Tool radius compensation with

paraxial positioning blocks", page 164

Miscellaneous functions M: see "M functions for program run

inspection, spindle and coolant ", page 253

Creating a cycle program

The holes (depth of 20 mm) shown in the figure at right are to be
drilled with a standard drilling cycle. You have already defined the
workpiece blank.

Call the tool: Enter the tool data. Confirm each of
your entries with the ENT key. Do not forget the

tool axis

Retract the tool: Press the orange Z axis key in
order to retract in the tool axis, and enter the
value for the position to be approached, e.g. 250.
Confirm with the ENT key

Confirm Radius comp.: R+/R-/no comp.? by
pressing the ENT key: Do not activate radius
compensation

Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)

Confirm the Miscellaneous function M? with the
END key: The TNC saves the entered positioning
block

Call the cycle menu

1

Display the drilling cycles

Select the standard drilling cycle 200: The TNC
starts the dialog for cycle definition. Enter all
parameters requested by the TNC step by step
and conclude each entry with the ENT key. In the
screen to the right, the TNC also displays a graphic
showing the respective cycle parameter

Call the menu for special functions

Display the functions for point machining

Select the pattern definition

Select point entry: Enter the coordinates of the 4
points and confirm each with the ENT key. After
entering the fourth point, save the block with the
END key

Display the menu for defining the cycle call

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51

1

Z

First Steps with the TNC 128

1.3 Programming the first part

Run the drilling cycle on the defined pattern:
Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at

rapid traverse (FMAX)
Miscellaneous function M? Switch on the spindle

and coolant, e.g. M13. Confirm with the END key:
The TNC saves the entered positioning block

Enter Retract the tool: Press the orange axis key Z
in order to get clear in the tool axis, and enter the
value for the position to be approached, e.g. 250.
Confirm with the ENT key

Confirm Radius comp.: R+/R-/no comp.? by
pressing the ENT key: Do not activate radius
compensation

Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)

Miscellaneous function M? Enter M2 to end the
program and confirm with the END key: The TNC
saves the entered positioning block

Example NC blocks

0 BEGIN PGM C200 MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40

2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0

3 TOOL CALL 5 Z S4500

4 Z+250 R0 FMAX

5 PATTERN DEF

POS1 (X+10 Y+10 Z+0)
POS2 (X+10 Y+90 Z+0)
POS3 (X+90 Y+90 Z+0)
POS4 (X+90 Y+10 Z+0)

6 CYCL DEF 200 DRILLING

Q200=2 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE

Q201=-20 ;DEPTH

Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGNG

Q202=5 ;INFEED DEPTH

Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME AT TOP

Q203=-10 ;SURFACE COORDINATE

Q204=20 ;SECOND SET-UP CLEARANCE

Q211=0.2 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH

7 CYCL CALL PAT FMAX M13

8 Z+250 R0 FMAX M2

9 END PGM C200 MM

Definition of workpiece blank

Tool call
Retract the tool
Define the machining positions

Define the cycle

Spindle and coolant on, call the cycle
Retract the tool, end program

Further information on this topic

Creating a new program: see "Opening and entering programs",

page 84

Cycle programming: "Cycle fundamentals"see "Cycle

fundamentals", page 371

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Graphically testing the first part 1.4

1.4 Graphically testing the first part

Selecting the correct operating mode

You can test programs in the Test Run mode:

Press the Test Run operating mode key: the TNC
switches to that mode

Further information on this topic

Operating modes of the TNC: see "Modes of Operation",

page 65

Testing programs: see "Test Run", page 330

1

Selecting the tool table for the test run

You only need to execute this step if you have not activated a tool
table in the Test Run mode.

Press the PGM MGT key: The TNC opens the file
manager

Press the select type soft key: The TNC shows a
soft-key menu for selection of the file type to be
displayed

Press the Default soft key: The TNC shows all
saved files in the right window

Move the highlight to the left onto the directories

Move the highlight to the TNC:\table directory

Move the highlight to the right onto the files

Move the highlight to the file TOOL.T (active tool
table) and load with the ENT key: TOOL.T receives
the status S and is therefore active for the test run

Press the END key: Exit the file manager

Further information on this topic

Tool management: see "Enter tool data into the table",

page 150

Testing programs: see "Test Run", page 330

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1

First Steps with the TNC 128

1.4 Graphically testing the first part

Choosing the program you want to test

Press the PGM MGT key: The TNC opens the file
management

Press the LAST FILES soft key: The TNC opens a
pop-up window with the most recently selected
files

Use the arrow keys to select the program that you
want to test. Load with the ENT key

Further information on this topic

Selecting a program: see "Working with the file manager",

page 98

Selecting the screen layout and the view

Press the key for selecting the screen layout. The
TNC shows all available alternatives in the soft-key
row

Press the PROGRAM + GRAPHICS soft key: In
the left half of the screen the TNC shows the
program; in the right half it shows the workpiece
blank

Press the FURTHER VIEW OPTIONS soft key

Shift the soft-key row and select the desired view
by soft key

The TNC features the following views:

Soft key Function

Plan view

Projection in three planes

3-D view

Further information on this topic

Graphic functions: see page 318

Running a test run: see "Test Run", page 330

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Starting the test run

Press the RESET + START soft key: The TNC
simulates the active program up to a programmed
break or to the program end

While the simulation is running, you can use the
soft keys to change views

Press the STOP soft key: The TNC interrupts the
test run

Press the START soft key: The TNC resumes the
test run after a break

Further information on this topic

Running a test run: see "Test Run", page 330

Graphic functions: see page 318

Adjust the simulation speed: see "Speed of the Setting test

runs", page 319

1

Graphically testing the first part 1.4

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1

First Steps with the TNC 128

1.5 Setting up tools

1.5 Setting up tools

Selecting the correct operating mode

Tools are set up in the Manual Operation mode:

Press the operating-mode key: The TNC switches
to the Manual mode of operation

Further information on this topic

Operating modes of the TNC: see "Modes of Operation",

page 65

Preparing and measuring tools

Clamp the required tools in their tool holders

When measuring with an external tool presetter: Measure the

tools, note down the length and radius, or transfer them directly

to the machine through a transfer program

When measuring on the machine: Insert the tool

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The tool table TOOL.T

In the tool table TOOL.T (permanently saved under TNC:\table\),
save the tool data such as length and radius, but also further tool­specific information that the TNC needs to perform its functions.

To enter tool data in the tool table TOOL.T, proceed as follows:

Display the tool table

Edit the tool table: Set the EDITING soft key to ON
With the upward or downward arrow keys you can

select the tool number that you want to edit
With the rightward or leftward arrow keys you can

select the tool data that you want to edit
To exit the tool table, press the END key

Further information on this topic

Operating modes of the TNC: see "Modes of Operation",

page 65

Working with the tool table: see "Enter tool data into the table",

page 150

1

Setting up tools 1.5

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1

First Steps with the TNC 128

1.6 Workpiece setup

1.6 Workpiece setup

Selecting the correct operating mode

Workpieces are set up in the Manual Operation or Electronic
Handwheel mode

Press the operating-mode key: The TNC switches
to the Manual mode of operation

Further information on this topic

Manual Operation mode: see "Moving the machine axes",

page 282

Clamping the workpiece

Mount the workpiece with a fixture on the machine table so that it
is fixed with its edges parallel to the machine axes.

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Datum setting with 3-D touch probe (software option 17: Touch Probe Functions)

Insert a 3-D touch probe: In the Positioning with Manual Data

Input mode, run a TOOLCALL block containing the tool axis and

then return to the Manual Operation mode

Select the probing functions: The TNC displays the
available functions in the soft-key row

Select the function for setting the datum, e.g.

PROBE POSITION

Position the touch probe near the first touch point
on the first workpiece edge

Select the probing direction via soft key
Press NC start: The touch probe moves in the

defined direction until it contacts the workpiece
and then automatically returns to its starting point

Then the TNC displays the coordinates of the
measured position

To set to 0: Press the SET DATUM soft key
Press the END soft key to close the menu

1

Workpiece setup 1.6

Repeat this procedure for all axes, in which you want to set the

datum

Further information on this topic

Datum setting: see "Datum setting with 3-D touch probe (Touch

Probe Functions software option 17)", page 305

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First Steps with the TNC 128

1.7 Running the first program

1.7 Running the first program

Selecting the correct operating mode

You can run programs either in the Single Block or the Full
Sequence mode:

Press the operating mode key: The TNC goes into
the Program Run, Single Block mode and the
TNC executes the program block by block. You
have to confirm each block with the NC start key

Press the Program Run, Full Sequence operating
mode key: The TNC switches to that mode and
runs the program after NC start up to a program
interruption or to the end of the program

Further information on this topic

Operating modes of the TNC: see "Modes of Operation",

page 65

Running programs: see "Program run", page 332

Choosing the program you want to run

Press the PGM MGT key: The TNC opens the file
management

Press the LAST FILES soft key: The TNC opens a
pop-up window with the most recently selected
files

If desired, use the arrow keys to select the
program that you want to run. Load with the ENT
key

Further information on this topic

File management: see "Working with the file manager",

page 98

Start the program

Press the NC start key: The TNC runs the active
program

Further information on this topic

Running programs: see "Program run", page 332

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2

Introduction

2

Introduction

2.1 The TNC 128

2.1 The TNC 128

The TNC 128 is a workshop-oriented straight-cut control that
enables you to program conventional machining operations right
at the machine in an easy-to-use conversational programming
language. It is designed for milling, drilling and boring machines
with up to 3 axes. You can also change the angular position of the
spindle under program control.

Keyboard and screen layout are clearly arranged in such a way that
the functions are fast and easy to use.

Programming: In HEIDENHAIN conversational

The HEIDENHAIN conversational programming format is an
especially easy method of writing programs. Interactive graphics
illustrate the individual machining steps for programming the
contour. Workpiece machining can be graphically simulated either
during or before actual machining.

You can also enter and test one program while the control is
running another.

Compatibility

Machining programs created on the HEIDENHAIN TNC 124 straight
cut control may not always run on the TNC 128. If NC blocks
contain invalid elements, the TNC will mark them as ERROR blocks
when the file is opened.

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3

1

2

5

6

7

8

9

4

4

Visual display unit and operating panel 2.2

2.2 Visual display unit and operating panel

Display screen

The TNC is shipped with a 12.1-inch TFT flat-panel display.

1 Header

When the TNC is on, the selected operating modes are shown
in the screen header: the machining mode at the left and the
programming mode at right. The currently active operating
mode is displayed in the larger box, where the dialog prompts
and TNC messages also appear.

2 Soft keys

In the footer the TNC indicates additional functions in a soft­key row. You can select these functions by pressing the keys
immediately below them. The thin bars immediately above the
soft-key row indicate the number of soft-key rows that can be
called with the keys to the right and left that are used to switch
the soft keys. The bar representing the active soft-key row is
highlighted

3 Soft-key selection keys
4 Keys for switching the soft keys
5 Setting the screen layout
6 Shift key for switchover between machining and programming

modes

7 Soft-key selection keys for machine tool builders
8 Keys for switching the soft keys for machine tool builders
9 USB connection

2

Setting the screen layout

You select the screen layout yourself: In the Programming
mode of operation, for example, you can have the TNC show
program blocks in the left window while the right window displays
programming graphics. You could also display the program
structure in the right window instead, or display only program
blocks in one large window. The available screen windows depend
on the selected operating mode.

To change the screen layout:

Press the screen layout key: The soft-key row
shows the available layout options, see "Modes of
Operation"

Select the desired screen layout

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2

3

2

5

6

7

4

1

Introduction

2.2 Visual display unit and operating panel

Control Panel

The TNC 128 is delivered with an integrated keyboard.

1 Machine operating panel (refer to your machine manual)
2

3 Programming modes
4 Machine operating modes
5 Initiation of certain programming dialogs
6
7 Numerical input, axis selection and programming of positioning

The functions of the individual keys are described on the inside
front cover.

File management
Calculator
MOD function
HELP function

Navigation keys and GOTO jump command

blocks

Some machine manufacturers do not use the
standard operating panel from HEIDENHAIN. Refer
to your machine manual. Refer to your machine
manual.

Machine panel buttons, e.g. NC START or NC STOP,
are described in the manual for your machine tool.

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2.3 Modes of Operation

Manual Operation and El. Handwheel

The Manual Operation mode is required for setting up the machine
tool. In this mode of operation, you can position the machine axes
manually or by increments and set the datums.

The El. Handwheel mode of operation allows you to move the
machine axes manually with the HR electronic handwheel.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout (select as described
previously)

Window Soft key

Positions

Left: positions, right: status display

2

Modes of Operation 2.3

Positioning with Manual Data Input

This mode of operation is used for programming simple traversing
movements, such as for face milling or prepositioning.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Window Soft key

Program

Left: program blocks, right: status display

Programming

In this mode of operation you can write your part programs.
the various cycles and the Q parameter functions help you with
programming and add necessary information. If desired, you can
have the programming graphics show the programmed paths of
traverse.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Window Soft key

Program

Left: program, right: program structure

Left: program, right: programming graphics

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2

Introduction

2.3 Modes of Operation

Test Run

In the Test Run mode of operation, the TNC checks programs and
program sections for errors, such as geometrical incompatibilities,
missing or incorrect data within the program or violations of the
working space. This simulation is supported graphically in different
display modes.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout: see "Program Run, Full
Sequence and Program Run, Single Block", page 66.

Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, Single Block

In the Program Run, Full Sequence mode of operation the TNC
executes a part program continuously to its end or to a manual
or programmed stop. You can resume program run after an
interruption.

In the Program Run, Single Block mode of operation you execute
each block separately by pressing the machine START button.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Window Soft key

Program

Left: program, right: program structure

Left: program, right: status

Left: program, right: graphics

Graphics

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2.4 Status displays

"General" status display

The status display in the lower part of the screen informs you of
the current state of the machine tool. It is displayed automatically in
the following modes of operation:

Program Run, Single Block and Program Run, Full Sequence,

except if the screen layout is set to display graphics only, and

during

Positioning with Manual Data Input.
In the Manual Operation and El. Handwheel modes the status

display appears in the large window.

Information in the status display

Icon Meaning

2

Status displays 2.4

ACTL Position display mode, e.g. actual or nominal

coordinates of the current position
Machine axes; the TNC displays auxiliary axes in

lower-case letters. The sequence and quantity of
displayed axes is determined by the machine tool
builder. Refer to your machine manual for more
information

F S M The displayed feed rate in inches corresponds to

one tenth of the effective value. Spindle speed S,
feed rate F and active M functions

Axis is clamped

Axis can be moved with the handwheel

No active program

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2

Introduction

2.4 Status displays

Icon Meaning

Program run has started

Program run is stopped

Program run is being aborted

Additional status displays

The additional status displays contain detailed information on the
program run. They can be called in all operating modes except for
the Programming mode of operation.

To switch on the additional status display:

Call the soft-key row for screen layout

Select the screen layout with additional status
display: In the right half of the screen, the TNC
shows the OVERVIEW status form

To select an additional status display:

Switch the soft-key rows until the STATUS soft
keys appear

Either select the additional status display directly
by soft key, e.g. positions and coordinates, or

use the switch-over soft keys to select the desired
view

The available status displays described below can be selected
either directly by soft key or with the switch-over soft keys.

Please note that some of the status information
described below is not available unless the
associated software option is enabled on your TNC.

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Overview

After switch-on, the TNC displays the Overview status form,
provided that you have selected the PROGRAM+STATUS screen
layout (or POSITION + STATUS). The overview form contains a
summary of the most important status information, which you can
also find on the various detail forms.

Soft key Meaning

Position display

Tool information
Active M functions
Active coordinate transformations
Active subprogram
Active program section repeat
Program called with PGM CALL
Current machining time
Name of the active main program

2

Status displays 2.4

General program information (PGM tab)

Soft key Meaning

No direct
selection
possible

Name of the active main program

Dwell time counter
Machining time
Active programs

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2

Introduction

2.4 Status displays

Program section repeat/Subprograms (LBL tab)

Soft key Meaning

No direct
selection
possible

Information on standard cycles (CYC tab)

Soft key Meaning

No direct
selection
possible

Active program section repeats with block
number, label number, and number of
programmed repeats/repeats yet to be run

Active subprograms with block number in
which the subprogram was called and the label
number that was called

Active fixed cycle

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Active miscellaneous functions M (M tab)

Soft key Meaning

2

Status displays 2.4

No direct
selection
possible

Positions and coordinates (POS tab)

Soft key Meaning

List of the active M functions with fixed
meaning

List of the active M functions that are adapted
by your machine manufacturer

Type of position display, e.g. actual position

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2

Introduction

2.4 Status displays

Information on tools (TOOL tab)

Soft key Meaning

Display of active tool:

T: Tool number and name

RT: Number and name of a replacement tool
Tool axis
Tool length and radii
Oversizes (delta values) from the tool table (TAB)

and the TOOL CALL (PGM)
Tool life, maximum tool life (TIME 1) and maximum

tool life for TOOL CALL (TIME 2)
Display of programmed tool and replacement tool

Tool measurement (TT tab)

The TNC displays the TT tab only if the function is
active on your machine.

Soft key Meaning

No direct
selection
possible

Number of the tool to be measured

Display whether the tool radius or the tool
length is being measured

MIN and MAX values of the individual cutting
edges and the result of measuring the rotating
tool (DYN = dynamic measurement)

Cutting edge number with the corresponding
measured value. If the measured value is
followed by an asterisk, the permissible
tolerance in the tool table was exceeded

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Coordinate transformations (TRANS tab)

Soft key Meaning

Name of the active datum table

Active datum number (#), comment from the
active line of the active datum number (DOC)
from Cycle 7

Active datum shift (Cycle 7); The TNC displays
an active datum shift in up to 3 (5) axes

Mirrored axes (Cycle 8)
Active scaling factor/factors (Cycles 11 / 26);

The TNC displays an active scaling factor in up
to 6 axes

Scaling datum

2

Status displays 2.4

Coordinate transformation cycles: see page 447

Displaying Q parameters (QPARA tab)

Soft key Meaning

Display the current values of the defined Q
parameters

Display the character strings of the defined
string parameters

Press the Q PARAMETER LIST soft key. The TNC
opens a pop-up window in which you can enter
the desired range for display of the Q parameters
or string parameters. Multiple Q parameters are
entered separated by commas (e.g. 1,2,3,4). To
define display ranges, enter a hyphen (e.g. 0-14).

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2

Introduction

2.5 Window Manager

2.5 Window Manager

The machine tool builder determines the scope of
function and behavior of the window manager. Refer
to your machine manual. Refer to your machine
manual.

The TNC features the Xfce window manager. Xfce is a standard
application for UNIX-based operating systems, and is used to
manage graphical user interfaces. The following functions are
possible with the window manager:

Display a task bar for switching between various applications
(user interfaces).

Manage an additional desktop, on which special applications
from your machine tool builder can run.

Control the focus between NC-software applications and those
of the machine tool builder.

The size and position of pop-up windows can be changed.
It is also possible to close, minimize and restore the pop-up
windows.

The TNC shows a star in the upper left of the screen
if an application of the window manager or the
window manager itself has caused an error. In this
case, switch to the window manager and correct the
problem. If required, refer to your machine manual.

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Task bar

In the task bar you can choose different workspaces by mouse
click. The TNC provides the following workspaces:

Workspace 1: Active mode of operation
Workspace 2: Active programming mode
Workspace 3: Manufacturer's applications (optionally available)

In the task bar you can also select other applications that you have
started together with the TNC (switch for example to the PDF

viewer or TNCguide)

Click the green HEIDENHAIN symbol to open a menu in which
you can get information, make settings or start applications. The
following functions are available:

About Xfce: Information on the Windows manager Xfce
About HEROS: Information about the operating system of the

TNC
NC Control: Start and stop the TNC software. Only permitted

for diagnostic purposes

Web Browser: Start Mozilla Firefox
Diagnostics: Available only to authorized specialists to start

diagnostic functions

Settings: Configuration of miscellaneous settings

Date/Time: Set the date and time
Language: Language setting for the system dialogs. During

startup the TNC overwrites this setting with the language
setting of the machine parameter CfgLanguage

Network: Network setting
Reset WM-Conf: Restore basic settings of the Windows

Manager. May also reset settings implemented by your
machine manufacturer

Screensaver: Settings for the screen saver; several are
available

Shares: Configure network connections
Firewall: Configuring the Firewall see "Firewall", page 367

Tools: Only for authorized users. The applications available under

tools can be started directly by selecting the pertaining file
type in the file management of the TNC (see "File manager:
Fundamentals", page 95)

2

Window Manager 2.5

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2

Introduction

2.6 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels

2.6 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch

Probes and Electronic Handwheels

3-D touch probes

The various HEIDENHAIN 3-D touch probes enable you to:

Quickly and precisely set datums
Measure the workpiece
Measure and inspect tools

The triggering touch probes TS 220 and KT 130

These touch probes are particularly effective for datum setting and
workpiece measurement. The TS 220 and KT 130 touch probes
transmit the triggering signals to the TNC via cable.

Principle of operation: HEIDENHAIN triggering touch probes feature
a wear resisting optical switch that generates an electrical signal
as soon as the stylus is deflected. This signal is transmitted to the
control, which stores the current position of the stylus as the actual
value.

TT 140 tool touch probe for tool measurement

The TT 140 is a triggering 3-D touch probe for tool measurement
and inspection. Your TNC provides three cycles for this touch
probe with which you can measure the tool length and radius
automatically either with the spindle rotating or stopped. The TT
140 features a particularly rugged design and a high degree of
protection, which make it insensitive to coolants and swarf. The
triggering signal is generated by a wear-resistant and highly reliable
optical switch.

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Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic

HR electronic handwheels

Electronic handwheels facilitate moving the axis slides precisely
by hand. A wide range of traverses per handwheel revolution
is available. Apart from the HR 130 and HR 150 panel-mounted
handwheels, HEIDENHAIN also offers the HR 410 portable
handwheel.

2.6

Handwheels

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3

Programming:

Fundamentals, file

management

3

Programming: Fundamentals, file management

3.1 Fundamentals

3.1 Fundamentals

Position encoders and reference marks

The machine axes are equipped with position encoders that
register the positions of the machine table or tool. Linear axes are
usually equipped with linear encoders, rotary tables and tilting axes
with angle encoders.

When a machine axis moves, the corresponding position encoder
generates an electrical signal. The TNC evaluates this signal and
calculates the precise actual position of the machine axis.

If there is a power interruption, the calculated position will no
longer correspond to the actual position of the machine slide.
To recover this association, incremental position encoders are
provided with reference marks. The scales of the position encoders
contain one or more reference marks that transmit a signal to the
TNC when they are crossed over. From that signal the TNC can
re-establish the assignment of displayed positions to machine
positions. For linear encoders with distance-coded reference
marks, the machine axes need to move by no more than 20 mm,
for angle encoders by no more than 20°.

With absolute encoders, an absolute position value is transmitted
to the control immediately upon switch-on. In this way the
assignment of the actual position to the machine slide position is
re-established directly after switch-on.

Reference system

A reference system is required to define positions in a plane or in
space. The position data are always referenced to a predetermined
point and are described through coordinates.

The Cartesian coordinate system (a rectangular coordinate system)
is based on the three coordinate axes X, Y and Z. The axes are
mutually perpendicular and intersect at one point called the datum.
A coordinate identifies the distance from the datum in one of these
directions. A position in a plane is thus described through two
coordinates, and a position in space through three coordinates.

Coordinates that are referenced to the datum are referred to
as absolute coordinates. Relative coordinates are referenced to
any other known position (reference point) you define within the
coordinate system. Relative coordinate values are also referred to
as incremental coordinate values.

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Reference system on milling machines

When using a milling machine, you orient tool movements to the
Cartesian coordinate system. The illustration at right shows how
the Cartesian coordinate system describes the machine axes. The
figure illustrates the right-hand rule for remembering the three
axis directions: the middle finger points in the positive direction of
the tool axis from the workpiece toward the tool (the Z axis), the
thumb points in the positive X direction, and the index finger in the
positive Y direction.

The TNC 128 can control up to 4 axes. The axes U, V and W
are secondary linear axes parallel to the main axes X, Y and Z,
respectively. Rotary axes are designated as A, B and C. The
illustration at lower right shows the assignment of secondary axes
and rotary axes to the main axes.

3

Fundamentals 3.1

Designation of the axes on milling machines

The X, Y and Z axes on your milling machine are also referred to as
tool axis, principal axis (1st axis) and secondary axis (2nd axis). The
assignment of the tool axis is decisive for the assignment of the
principal and secondary axes.

Tool axis Principal axis Secondary axis

X Y Z
Y Z X
Z X Y

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3

Programming: Fundamentals, file management

3.1 Fundamentals

Absolute and incremental workpiece positions

Absolute workpiece positions

Absolute coordinates are position coordinates that are referenced
to the datum of the coordinate system (origin). Each position on the
workpiece is uniquely defined by its absolute coordinates.

Example 1: Holes dimensioned in absolute coordinates

Hole 1 Hole 2 Hole 3

X = 10 mm X = 30 mm X = 50 mm
Y = 10 mm Y = 20 mm Y = 30 mm

Incremental workpiece positions

Incremental coordinates are referenced to the last programmed
nominal position of the tool, which serves as the relative
(imaginary) datum. When you write an NC program in incremental
coordinates, you thus program the tool to move by the distance
between the previous and the subsequent nominal positions. This
is why they are also referred to as chain dimensions.

To program a position in incremental coordinates, enter the
function "I" before the axis.

Example 2: Holes dimensioned in incremental coordinates

Absolute coordinates of hole 4

X = 10 mm
Y = 10 mm

Hole 5, with respect to 4 Hole 6, with respect to 5

X = 20 mm X = 20 mm
Y = 10 mm Y = 10 mm

Selecting the datum

A production drawing identifies a certain form element of the
workpiece, usually a corner, as the absolute datum. When setting
the datum, you first align the workpiece along the machine axes,
and then move the tool in each axis to a defined position relative
to the workpiece. Set the display of the TNC either to zero or to
a known position value for each position. This establishes the
reference system for the workpiece, which will be used for the
TNC display and your part program.

If the production drawing is dimensioned in relative coordinates,
simply use the coordinate transformation cycles. Coordinate
transformation cycles: see page 449

If the production drawing is not dimensioned for NC, set the
datum at a position or corner on the workpiece from which the
dimensions of the remaining workpiece positions can be most
easily measured.

Datum setting with a 3-D touch probe: see "Datum setting with
3-D touch probe (Touch Probe Functions software option 17)",
page 305

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Example

The workpiece drawing shows holes (1 to 4) whose dimensions are
shown with respect to an absolute datum with the coordinates X=0
Y=0. Holes 5 to 7 are dimensioned with respect to a relative datum
with the absolute coordinates X=450, Y=750. With the DATUM
SHIFT cycle you can temporarily set the datum to the position
X=450, Y=750, to be able to program holes 5 to 7 without further
calculations.

3

Fundamentals 3.1

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3

Satznumme

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Wört

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Sat

z

Programming: Fundamentals, file management

3.2 Opening and entering programs

3.2 Opening and entering programs

Organization of an NC program in HEIDENHAIN Conversational format

A part program consists of a series of program blocks. The figure at
right illustrates the elements of a block.

The TNC numbers the blocks of a part program in ascending
sequence.

The first block of a program is identified by BEGIN PGM, the
program name and the active unit of measure.

The subsequent blocks contain information on:

The workpiece blank
Tool calls
Approaching a safe position
Feed rates and spindle speeds, as well as
Movements, cycles and other functions

The last block of a program is identified by END PGM the program
name and the active unit of measure.

After each tool call, HEIDENHAIN recommends
always traversing to a safe position from which the
TNC can position the tool for machining without
causing a collision!

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Opening and entering programs 3.2

Define the blank: BLK FORM

Immediately after initiating a new program, you define an
unmachined workpiece blank. If you wish to define the blank at a
later stage, press the spec fct key, the PROGRAM DEFAULTS soft
key, and then the BLK FORM soft key. The TNC needs this definition
for graphic simulation.

You only need to define the workpiece blank if you
wish to run a graphic test for the program!

The TNC can depict various types of blank forms.

Soft key Function

Define a rectangular blank

3

Define a cylindrical blank

Rectangular blank

The sides of the cuboid lie parallel to the X, Y and Z axes. This
blank is defined by two of its corner points:

MIN point: the smallest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank
form, entered as absolute values

MAX point: the largest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank form,
entered as absolute or incremental values

Example: Display the BLK FORM in the NC program

0 BEGIN PGM NEW MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40

2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0

3 END PGM NEW MM

Program begin, name, unit of measure
Spindle axis, MIN point coordinates
MAX point coordinates
Program end, name, unit of measure

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Programming: Fundamentals, file management

3.2 Opening and entering programs

Cylindrical blank

The cylindrical blank form is defined by the dimensions of the
cylinder:

R: Radius of the cylinder
L: Length of the cylinder
DIST: Shifting along the rotational axis
RI: Inside radius for a hollow cylinder

The DIST and RI parameters are optional and do not
need to be programmed.

Example: Display the BLK FORM CYLINDER in the NC program

0 BEGIN PGM NEW MM

1 BLK FORM CYLINDER Z R50 L105 DIST+5 RI10

2 END PGM NEW MM

Program begin, name, unit of measure
Spindle axis, radius, length, distance, inside radius
Program end, name, unit of measure

Opening a new part program

You always enter a part program in the PROGRAMMING mode of
operation. An example of program initiation:

Select the PROGRAMMING mode of operation

Call the file manager: Press the PGM MGT key

Select the directory in which you wish to store the new program:

FILE NAME = NEW.H

Enter the new program name and confirm your
entry with the ENT key.

Select the unit of measure: Press the MM or INCH
soft key. The TNC switches the screen layout and
initiates the dialog for defining the BLK FORM
(workpiece blank)

Select a rectangular workpiece blank: Press the
soft key for a rectangular blank form

WORKING PLANE IN GRAPHIC: XY

Enter spindle axis, e.g. Z

WORKPIECE BLANK DEF.: MINIMUM

Enter in sequence the X, Y and Z coordinates of
the MIN point and confirm each of your entries
with the ENT key

WORKPIECE BLANK DEF.: MAXIMUM

Enter in sequence the X, Y and Z coordinates of
the MAX point and confirm each of your entries
with the ENT key

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Opening and entering programs 3.2

Example: Display the BLK form in the NC program

0 BEGIN PGM NEW MM

1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40

2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0

3 END PGM NEW MM

The TNC automatically generates the block numbers as well as the
BEGIN and END blocks.

If you do not wish to define a blank form, cancel the
dialog at Working plane in graphic: XY by pressing
the DEL key.

Programming tool movements in conversational

To program a block, initiate the dialog by pressing a axis key. In
the screen headline, the TNC then asks you for all the information
necessary to program the desired function.

Program begin, name, unit of measure
Spindle axis, MIN point coordinates
MAX point coordinates
Program end, name, unit of measure

3

Example of a positioning block

COORDINATES ?

10 (Enter the target coordinate for the X axis)

go to the next question with ENT.

TOOL RADIUS COMP: R+/R–/NO COMP:?

Enter "No radius compensation" and go to the next
question with ENT.

FEED RATE F=? / F MAX = ENT

100 (Enter a feed rate of 100 mm/min for this path contour)

go to the next question with ENT.

MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M ?

Enter 3 (miscellaneous function M3 "Spindle ON").

With the END key, the TNC ends this dialog.

The program-block window displays the following line:

3 X+10 R0 F100 M3

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NO

ENT

Programming: Fundamentals, file management

3.2 Opening and entering programs

Possible feed rate input

Functions for setting the feed rate Soft key

Rapid traverse, non-modal.

Traverse feed rate automatically calculated in

TOOL CALL

Move at the programmed feed rate (unit of
measure is mm/min or 1/10 inch/min). With
rotary axes, the TNC interprets the feed rate
in degrees/min, regardless of whether the
program is written in mm or inches

Define the feed per revolution (units in mm/
rev or inch/rev). Caution: In inch-programs, FU
cannot be combined with M136

Define the tooth feed (units in mm/tooth or
inch/tooth). The number of teeth must be
defined in the tool table in the CUT column.

Functions for conversational guidance Key

Ignore the dialog question

End the dialog immediately

Abort the dialog and erase the block

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Opening and entering programs 3.2

Actual position capture

The TNC enables you to transfer the current tool position into the
program, for example during

Positioning-block programming
Cycle programming

To transfer the correct position values, proceed as follows:

Place the input box at the position in the block where you want
to insert a position value

Select the actual-position-capture function: In the
soft-key row the TNC displays the axes whose
positions can be transferred

Select the axis: The TNC writes the current
position of the selected axis into the active input
box

3

In the working plane the TNC always captures the
coordinates of the tool center, even though tool
radius compensation is active.

In the tool axis the TNC always captures the
coordinates of the tool tip and thus always takes the
active tool length compensation into account.

The TNC keeps the soft-key row for axis selection
active until you deactivate it by pressing the actual­position-capture key again. This behavior remains
in effect even if you save the current block and
open a new one with a axis key. If you select a
block element in which you must choose an input
alternative via soft key (e.g. for radius compensation),
then the TNC also closes the soft-key row for axis
selection.

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Programming: Fundamentals, file management

3.2 Opening and entering programs

Editing a program

You cannot edit a program while it is being run by the
TNC in a machine operating mode.

While you are creating or editing a part program, you can select any
desired line in the program or individual words in a block with the
arrow keys or the soft keys:

Function Soft key/Keys

Go to previous page

Go to next page

Go to beginning of program

Go to end of program

Change the position of the current block
on the screen. Press this soft key to
display additional program blocks that are
programmed before the current block

Change the position of the current block
on the screen. Press this soft key to
display additional program blocks that are
programmed after the current block

Move from one block to the next

Select individual words in a block

To select a certain block, press the GOTO
key, enter the desired block number, and
confirm with the ENT key. Or: Enter the
block number step and press the N LINES
soft key to jump over the entered number
of lines upward or downward

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Opening and entering programs 3.2

Function Soft key/Key

Set the selected word to zero

Erase an incorrect number

Delete the (clearable) error message

Delete the selected word

Delete the selected block

Erase cycles and program sections

3

Insert the block that you last edited or
deleted

Inserting blocks at any desired location

Select the block after which you want to insert a new block and
initiate the dialog

Editing and inserting words

Select a word in a block and overwrite it with the new one. The
plain-language dialog is available while the word is highlighted

To accept the change, press the END key

If you want to insert a word, press the horizontal arrow key
repeatedly until the desired dialog appears. You can then enter the
desired value.

Looking for the same words in different blocks

Select a word in a block: Press the arrow key
repeatedly until the highlight is on the desired
word

Select a block with the arrow keys

The word that is highlighted in the new block is the same as the
one you selected previously.

If you have started a search in a very long program,
the TNC shows a progress display window. You then
have the option of canceling the search via soft key.

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3.2 Opening and entering programs

Marking, copying, cutting and inserting program sections

The TNC provides certain functions for copying program sections
within an NC program or into another NC program—see the table
below.

To copy a program section, proceed as follows:

Select the soft-key row containing the marking functions
Select the first block of the section you wish to copy
Mark the first block: Press the SELECT BLOCK soft key. The TNC

then highlights the block and displays the CANCEL SELECTION
soft key

Move the highlight to the last block of the program section you
wish to copy or cut. The TNC shows the marked blocks in a
different color. You can end the marking function at any time by
pressing the CANCEL SELECTION soft key

Copy the selected program section: Press the COPY BLOCK soft
key. Cut the selected program section: Press the CUT BLOCK
soft key. The TNC stores the selected block

Using the arrow keys, select the block after which you wish to
insert the copied (cut) program section

To insert the section into another program, select the
corresponding program using the file manager and
then mark the block after which you wish to insert
the program section.

Insert the saved program section: Press the INSERT BLOCK soft
key

To end the marking function, press the Cancel selection soft
key

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Opening and entering programs 3.2

Function Soft key

Switch the marking function on

Switch the marking function off

Cut the marked block

Insert the block that is stored in the buffer
memory

Copy the marked block

The TNC search function

The search function of the TNC enables you to search for any text
within a program and replace it by a new text, if required.

3

Finding any text

Select the Search function: The TNC
superimposes the search window and displays the
available search functions in the soft-key row

TOOL (Enter the text to be searched for)
Start the search process: The TNC moves to the

next block containing the text you are searching for
Repeat the search process: The TNC moves to the

next block containing the text you are searching for
End the search function

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Programming: Fundamentals, file management

3.2 Opening and entering programs

Finding/Replacing any text

The find/replace function is not possible if

a program is protected
the program is currently being run by the TNC

When using the REPLACE ALL function, ensure that
you do not accidentally replace text that you do not
want to change. Once replaced, such text cannot be
restored.

Select the block containing the word you wish to find

Select the Search function: The TNC
superimposes the search window and displays the
available search functions in the soft-key row

Press the CURRENT WORD soft key: The TNC
loads the first word of the current block. If
required, press the info key again to load the
desired word.

Start the search process: The TNC moves to the
next occurrence of the text you are searching for

To replace the text and then move to the next
occurrence of the text, press the REPLACE soft
key. To replace all text occurrences, press the
REPLACE ALL soft key. To skip the text and move
to its next occurrence press the FIND soft key

End the search function

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3.3 File manager: Fundamentals

Files

Files in the TNC Type

Programs

in HEIDENHAIN format

Tables for

Tools
Tool changers
Datums
Points
Presets
Touch probes
Backup files
Dependent files (e.g. structure items)
Freely definable tables

.H

.T
.TCH
.D
.PNT
.PR
.TP
.BAK
.DEP
.TAB

3

File manager: Fundamentals 3.3

Texts as

ASCII files
Protocol files
Help files

When you write a part program on the TNC, you must first enter a
program name. The TNC saves the program to the internal memory
as a file with the same name. The TNC can also save texts and
tables as files.

The TNC provides a special file management window in which
you can easily find and manage your files. Here you can call, copy,
rename and erase files.

With the TNC you can manage and save files up to a total size of

2 GB.

Depending on the setting, the TNC generates a
backup file (*.bak) after editing and saving of NC
programs. This can reduce the memory space
available to you.

.A
.TXT
.CHM

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Programming: Fundamentals, file management

3.3 File manager: Fundamentals

File names

When you store programs, tables and texts as files, the TNC adds
an extension to the file name, separated by a point. This extension
indicates the file type.

File name File type

PROG20 .H

File names should not exceed 24 characters, otherwise the TNC
cannot display the entire file name.

File names on the TNC must comply with this standard: The Open
Group Base Specifications Issue 6 IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition
(Posix-Standard). Accordingly, the file names may include the
characters below:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z a b c d e f g
h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . _ -

You should not use any other characters in file names in order to
prevent any file transfer problems.

The maximum limit for the path and file name
together is 255 characters, see "Paths", page 98.

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File manager: Fundamentals 3.3

Displaying externally generated files on the TNC

The TNC features several additional tools which you can use to
display the files shown in the table below. Some of the files can
also be edited.

File types Type

3

PDF files
Excel tables

Internet files
Text files txt

Graphics files bmp

For further information about displaying and editing the listed file
types: see page 110

pdf
xls
csv
html

ini

gif
jpg
png

Data Backup

We recommend saving newly written programs and files on a PC at
regular intervals.

The TNCremo data transmission freeware from HEIDENHAIN is a
simple and convenient method for backing up data stored on the
TNC.

You additionally need a data medium on which all machine­specific data, such as the PLC program, machine parameters,
etc., are stored. Ask your machine manufacturer for assistance, if
necessary.

Take the time occasionally to delete any unneeded
files so that the TNC always has enough memory
space for system files (such as the tool table).

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3.4 Working with the file manager

3.4 Working with the file manager

Directories

To ensure that you can easily find your files, we recommend that
you organize your internal memory into directories. You can divide
a directory into further directories, which are called subdirectories.
With the –/+ key or ENT you can show or hide the subdirectories.

Paths

A path indicates the drive and all directories and subdirectories
under which a file is saved. The individual names are separated by a
backslash "\".

The path, including all drive characters, directory
and the file name, including the extension, must not
exceed 255 characters!

Example

The directory AUFTR1 was created on the TNC drive. Then, in the
AUFTR1 directory, the directory NCPROG was created and the part
program PROG1.H was copied into it. The part program now has
the following path:

TNC:\AUFTR1\NCPROG\PROG1.H

The chart at right illustrates an example of a directory display with
different paths.

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Overview: Functions of the file manager

Function Soft key Page

Copy a single file 102

Display a specific file type 101

Create new file 102

3

Working with the file manager 3.4

Display the last 10 files that were
selected

Delete a file 106

Tag a file 107

Rename a file 108

Protect a file against editing and
erasure

Cancel file protection 109

Importing tool tables 158

Manage network drives 118

Select the editor 109

Sort files by properties 108

105

109

Copy a directory 104

Delete directory with all its
subdirectories

Display all the directories of a
particular drive

Rename a directory

Create a new directory

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3.4 Working with the file manager

Calling the file manager

Press the PGM MGT key: The TNC displays the
file management window (see figure for default
setting. If the TNC displays a different screen
layout, press the WINDOW soft key)

The narrow window on the left shows the available drives and
directories. Drives designate devices with which data are stored
or transferred. One drive is the internal memory of the TNC. Other
drives are the interfaces (RS232, Ethernet), which can be used, for
example, for connecting a personal computer. A directory is always
identified by a folder symbol to the left and the directory name to
the right. Subdirectories are shown to the right of and below their
parent directories. If there are subdirectories, you can show or hide
them using the -/+ key.

The wide window on the right shows you all files that are stored
in the selected directory. Each file is shown with additional
information, illustrated in the table below.

Display Meaning

File name

Byte

Status

E Program is selected in the Programming

S Program is selected in the Test Run

M Program is selected in a Program Run

Date

Time

File name (max. 25 characters) and file
type

File size in bytes
File properties:

mode of operation

mode of operation

mode of operation
File is protected against erasing and

editing
File is protected against erasing and

editing, because it is being run
Date that the file was last edited
Time that the file was last edited

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