Apple Macintosh PowerBook 145 User Manual

Macintosh

User’s Guide

for Macintosh PowerBook 145

Part I

Getting Started

Part II

Learning

Part III

Reference

Part IV

Index

Includes setup instructions and important health-related information

K Apple Computer, Inc.

This manual and the software described in it are copyrighted, with all rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual or the software may not be copied, in whole or part, without written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the software or to make a backup copy of the software. The same proprietary and copyright notices must be affixed to any permitted copies as were affixed to the original. This exception does not allow copies to be made for others, whether or not sold, but all of the material purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given, or loaned to another person. Under the law, copying includes translating into another language or format.

You may use the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copies cannot be made for this purpose.

The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws.

© Apple Computer, Inc., 1992 20525 Mariani Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014-6299 [phone]

Apple, the Apple logo, APDA, AppleLink, AppleShare, AppleTalk, ImageWriter, LaserWriter, LocalTalk, Macintosh, ProDOS, and StyleWriter are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.

Apple Desktop Bus, Balloon Help, Chicago, Finder, Disk First Aid, Monaco, PowerBook, System 7, and TrueType are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.

AppleCare is a service mark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.

Adobe, Adobe Illustrator, and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated, registered in the United States. Adobe Photoshop is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

AGFA is a registered trademark of Agfa-Gevaert, AG.

Classic is a registered trademark licensed to Apple Computer, Inc.

Exposure is a registered trademark of Preferred Publishers, Inc.

Helvetica and Times are registered trademarks of Linotype Company.

ITC Garamond is a registered trademark of International Typeface Corporation.

MacWrite is a registered trademark of Claris Corporation.

MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

QMS is a registered trademark and ColorScript is a trademark of QMS, Inc.

QuarkXPress is a registered trademark of Quark, Inc.

SelectSet is a trademark of Miles, Inc., Agfa Division.

SuperPaint is a registered trademark of Aldus Corporation.

Tektronix is a registered trademark and Phaser is a trademark of Tektronix, Inc.

Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada.

Mention of third-party products is for informational purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with regard to the performance or use of these products.

Contents

Preface How to Use This Book xiii

Radio and television interference xv

nPart I Getting Started With Your Computer 1

Chapter 1 Setting Up Your Macintosh

PowerBook 1

Setting up the computer 2

Step 1: Plug in the power adapter 2

Step 2: Open the display 3

Step 3: Turn on the computer 4

Trouble? 5

Installing system software 6

Continuing your work 7

What to do next 8

Your computer at a glance 9

Learning the basics	10
Before you begin		10
Finding the tour		11
Starting the tour from the hard disk			11
Starting the tour from a floppy disk			15
Turning the Powerbook on and off 17
Off 17
Sleep 18
On 19
On/off summary		19
When you turn on your computer			20
Restarting a computer that’s already on				21
Restarting a computer that can’t be turned on normally 21
Important care and safety instructions 23
± Warning	23
s Caution	24
S Important 25
Health concerns associated with computer use				26
Repetitive stress injuries 26

Arranging your work space and equipment 27

iii

n Part II	Learning Macintosh			31
Chapter 2	Working on the Desktop			31
Use the trackball		32
Point	32
Click	33
Press	34
Drag	35
Choose a command 36
Giving orders to your computer			36
Open an icon 37
Look at the contents of a window 38
Make a window the active window 38
Make a window larger or smaller			40
Move the hidden contents of a window into view 42
Close a window		44
Move a window		45

What’s on the desktop? 46

Using the keyboard 49

Chapter 3 Creating and Changing

a Document 51

Open a program 52

Create a document 53

Save your work 53

Switch programs 54

Close a document 56

Two types of programs 57

Open a document 57

Change a document 58

Save your work so far 61

Taking a shortcut 62

Make more changes 62

Quit a program 64

Opening and closing documents and programs 65 Make a copy of a document 65

Change the name of an icon 66

Use the Trash 67

iv Contents

Chapter 4 Working With Disks		69
Insert a floppy disk 70
Floppy disks and hard disks	71
Initialize a disk 72
Copy the contents of a disk 74
Taking care of floppy disks	75
Take a floppy disk out of its drive	76
Protect the contents of disk 77
On your own: Install your programs 78
Throw away extra System Folders		79

Chapter 5 Learning More About

Your Computer 81

Open the Battery desk accessory 82 Open the PowerBook control panel 82

Use Balloon Help 83
Turn on Balloon Help	84
Turn off Balloon Help	84
Use Part III of this book 85
What next? 85

n Part III	Macintosh Reference		87
Chapter 6	Setting Up Your Programs 87
Installing or updating system software 87
Before you install 88
Installing system software 88
Installing customized system software 90
Starting up with a floppy disk 91
Installing your programs 92
Installing programs without a floppy disk drive			92
Checking for computer viruses 93
Working with several programs at a time 94
Finding out what programs are open		94
Switching programs 94
Hiding and showing windows on the desktop			94
Changing the amount of memory a program uses 95
Using the Scrapbook 96
Storing items in the Scrapbook 96
Copying items from the Scrapbook		96
Deleting items from the Scrapbook		96

Contents v

Using a RAM disk 97

Creating a RAM disk 97

Erasing a RAM disk 98

Resizing or removing a RAM disk 98

Making a RAM disk the startup disk 99

Chapter 7 Power Management			101
Monitoring the battery charge level		101
Using the battery desk accessory 101
Responding to low-power messages			102
Recharging the battery	103
Recharging with the power adapter			103
Recharging with a recharger		105
Removing or replacing the battery		106
Maximizing battery life	108
Maximizing work time	109

Ways to conserve battery power 109

Adjusting the battery conservation settings 110 Using the battery conservation options 111

Chapter 8 Using Disks			113
Preparing a new disk for use			113
Initializing a hard disk			113
Initializing a floppy disk 115
Erasing a floppy disk	116
Designating a startup disk		116
Scanning order for startup disks					117
Protecting the information on a disk				117
Locking a floppy disk			117
Locking a file	118
Backing up your files			119
If you can’t save files on a floppy disk				119
Ejecting a disk 120
If you can’t eject a floppy disk				120
Caring for disks 121
Hard disk precautions			121
Testing and repairing disks		121
If a hard disk icon doesn’t appear					121
Using Disk First Aid		122
Testing a hard disk		124

vi Contents

Chapter 9 Organizing Your Files					125
Straightening up your files 125
Using folders to organize your files			126
Creating and naming folders			126
Filing documents when you save them				127
Making items easier to find 128
Creating an alias	128
Installing an item in the Apple menu					129
Moving an item to the desktop				129
Finding an item 130
Finding an item by name 130
Finding an item using other criteria					131
Finding items that meet two criteria					133
Ways to use the Find command				132
Creating a template or stationery 134
Getting information about your files			135
Using the Info window		135
Using the View menu		136
Assigning a label to a file	136
Tips on transferring files	137

Chapter 10 Adapting Your Computer to Your Own Use 139

Specifying which items you want opened at startup					140
Installing an item in the Apple menu		140
Installing files in the System Folder		140
Removing files from the System Folder			141
Changing the items in the Label menu 142
Setting the time and date 142
Setting a time for the Alarm Clock to go off 143
Turning the alarm off 144
Changing time and date formats	144
Changing the date format	145
Changing the time format	146
Changing number and currency formats 147
Adjusting the way the trackball or mouse works				148
Adjusting the way the keyboard works 149
Making keyboard shortcuts easier to type				150
Adjusting the keyboard for very slow typing					150
Adjusting the blinking of a menu item 151
Adjusting the blinking of the insertion point			151
Changing the way the contents of windows appear					152
Changing an icon 153

Contents vii

Turning off the Empty Trash warning 154

Managing memory 155

Checking memory use 155

Making the most of your memory 155

Adjusting the disk cache 156

Using hard disk space as memory 157

Turning on 32-bit addressing 158

Setting the beep sound 159

Installing a sound 160

Removing a sound 160

Recording sounds 161

Changing the background pattern 162

Magnifying the screen image 164

Chapter 11 Printing 167

Before you print 167

Choosing a printer 167

Selecting Page Setup options 170

Updating printer software on networked computers 171 Printing your work 172

Printing the contents of a window or the desktop 173 Solutions to common printing problems 174

Controlling background printing 175

Working with fonts 176

Outline fonts and bitmap fonts 176

Installing fonts	177
Removing fonts	178
Transferring fonts to a LaserWriter printer 178
Finding out about available fonts 180

Other ways to use the LaserWriter Font Utility 180

Chapter 12 Using Your Computer

on a Network 183

What networking offers 183

Setting up your computer on a network 184

Connecting to a network 185

Turning on AppleTalk 185

Naming your computer and its owner 186 Gaining access to files on shared disks 187

Before you begin 187

Connecting to a shared disk 187

Disconnecting from a shared disk 189 Connecting quickly to a shared disk 190 Connecting automatically when you start up 190

viii Contents

Working with files and folders on other computers			191
Creating a new folder on another computer			191
Changing your password		191
Giving folder ownership to someone else 193
Sharing your own files 193
How file sharing works	193
Turning file sharing on	194
Turning on guest access		194
Selecting a folder or disk to share 195
Naming a registered user		197
Setting a registered user’s password 198
Naming a group of users		198
Seeing who’s in a group		199
Selecting a user or group to share a folder or disk 200
Preventing specific users or guests from accessing your
computer 201
Removing a user from a group 202
Removing a user or group from your list of registered
users 202
Giving away ownership of a folder or disk on your
computer 203
Turning file sharing off	203

Monitoring file-sharing activity 204

Disconnecting someone who is connected to your computer 205

Gaining access to your computer from another computer 205

Changing your password 206
Using access privileges 207
Understanding access privileges	207
Setting access privileges to folders and disks		208
Access privilege strategies 209
Working with privileges others have set 211
Checking your access privileges	211
Linking programs 212
Linking to a program on another computer		212

Disconnecting a program link 213

Allowing other people to link to your programs 213

Chapter 13 Expanding Your Computer

System 217

Using SCSI devices 217
Installing software	218
Setting SCSI ID numbers 218
Checking that the SCSI chain is properly terminated 220
Connecting cables	221

Contents ix

Connecting a modem 222

Connecting a printer 223

Connecting a mouse or other ADB device 223

Using sound input and output devices 224

Connecting a microphone 224

Sound output devices 225

Adding memory to your computer 225

Chapter 14 Travel, Storage, and Service		227
Traveling with the PowerBook	227
Storing the PowerBook 228
Short-term storage (up to 2 weeks) 228
Long-term storage (more than 2 weeks) 229
Service and support 229
If the PowerBook malfunctions or is damaged		229
How to get help 230
For more information about Macintosh computers 231
Macintosh user groups	231
Technical information	231

Quick Reference	Summary and Shortcuts 233
Shift-Click 233
Working with icons	233
Selecting icons		233
Opening an icon		234
Moving, copying, and renaming an icon			234
Working with windows		234
Making a window the active window 234
Moving a window and changing its size			234

Scrolling through the contents of a window 235

Opening higher-level folder windows 235

Using the outline form in list views 236

Working with menus 236

Choosing an item from a menu 237

Choosing an item from a submenu 237

Keyboard shortcuts in the Finder and in directory dialog boxes 238

x Contents

Troubleshooting 239

The PowerBook 239

Power 241

The Screen 243

Memory 244

SCSI devices 244

Disk drives and disks 245 Modems 248

Printers 248

Networks 250 Application programs 251

Appendix A Keyboard and Character Sets 253

Using Caps Lock 254

Typing special characters and symbols 254

Appendix B Exchanging Disks and Files with MS-DOS Computers 257

Initializing a disk in MS-DOS format 257

Converting files to and from MS-DOS format 269

Other file-conversion options 261

Contents xi

Appendix C Map 263

Setting your location 263

Comparing locations 264

Finding a location 265

Adding or removing a location 266

Adding a location 266

Changing or removing a location 266

n Part IV Index 271

xii Contents

Preface

How to Use This Book

This book has several parts.

nChapter 1 explains how to set up your computer and learn how to use it.

nChapters 2–5 are a tutorial designed for people who have not used a Macintosh computer before. If you are new to the Macintosh, you should read this section of the book before you start your own work.

nChapters 6–14 contain reference information that will help you as you become more proficient with your computer. You can turn to these chapters for information about a particular topic.

nAt the back of the book you’ll find a troubleshooting section and an index.

Certain kinds of information are not included in this book.

nInformation about modems. If your computer has a built-in modem, or if you purchase one later, you receive a separate modem manual with instructions for its use.

nInformation about application programs. Your best source of information about a particular program is the set of books and disks that came with that program.

nTechnical specifications for your PowerBook model. These are on a separate sheet in the box with your computer.

Turn now to Chapter 1 to set up your new PowerBook computer.

Welcome to Macintosh.

xiii

xiv

Radio and television interference

The equipment described in this manual generates, uses, and can radiate radiofrequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly—that is, in strict accordance with Apple’s instructions—it may cause interference with radio and television reception.

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that the interference will not occur in a particular installation.

You can determine whether your computer system is causing interference by turning it off. If the interference stops, it was probably caused by the computer or one of the peripheral devices.

If your computer system does cause interference to radio or television reception, try to correct the interference by using one or more of the following measures:

nTurn the television or radio antenna until the interference stops.

nMove the computer to one side or the other of the television or radio.

nMove the computer farther away from the television or radio.

nPlug the computer into an outlet that is on a different circuit from the television or radio. (That is, make certain the computer and the television or radio are on circuits controlled by different circuit breakers or fuses.)

If necessary, consult your authorized Apple dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for additional suggestions. You may find helpful the following booklet, prepared by the Federal Communications Commission: Interference Handbook (stock number 004-000-00345-4). This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

SImportant: Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by Apple Computer, Inc., could void the FCC Certification and negate your authority to operate the product.

This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of shielded cables and connectors between system components. It is important that you use shielded cables and connectors to reduce the possibility of causing interference to radios, television sets, and other electronic devices. For Apple peripheral devices, you can obtain the proper shielded cables from your authorized Apple dealer. For non-Apple peripheral devices, contact the manufacturer or dealer for assistance. S

Important

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC rules. See instructions if interference to radio or television reception is suspected.

DOC Class B Compliance This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class B limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the radio interference regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.

Observation des normes—Classe B Le présent appareil numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la Classe B prescrites dans les règlements sur le brouillage radioélectrique édictés par le Ministère des Communications du Canada.

xv

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Chapter 1

Setting Up Your

Macintosh PowerBook

In this chapter

mSetting up your computer

mInstalling system software

mLearning how to use your computer

mTurning the computer on and off

mImportant care and safety instructions

mBeing comfortable while you work

mNew Macintosh users: If you have never used a Macintosh computer before, read this entire chapter. It explains how to set up your computer, learn how to use it, and turn it on and off.

mNew PowerBook users: If you have used other Macintosh computers but are new to the PowerBook, follow the setup instructions that begin on the next page and then go to the section on turning the PowerBook on and off.

mExperienced PowerBook users: Skim this chapter for information that applies to your computer.

Important: No matter what your level of experience, please read the safety information in this chapter before beginning your own work. This information can help protect you and your computer equipment from possible harm.

1

Setting up the computer

Step 1: Plug in the power adapter

Plugging in the power adapter recharges the computer’s battery while you work. You should plug it in now in case the battery has drained during shipping and storage.

sWarning: Use only the power adapter that came with your PowerBook computer. Adapters for other electronic devices (including other portable computers) may look similar, but they may damage your computer. s

mPlug the power adapter into a standard electrical outlet or power strip. Then plug the power adapter cable into the power adapter port (marked with the icon ¯) on the back panel of the computer.

Power adapter port

2 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook

Step 2: Open the display	Position the display at a comfortable viewing angle. You can
	adjust the angle of the display at any time.

m Slide the latch to the right and lift up the display.

Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 3

Step 3: Turn on the computer

m Open the door to the back panel of your computer.

mPress the power button to turn the computer on. The power button has this icon: I

Power button

You hear a tone when you turn on the computer. It takes the computer a moment to start up.

4 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook

mIf you see a blinking question mark on your screen, you need to install system software on the computer’s hard disk. System software includes the programs the computer uses to start itself up. Continue with the section “Installing System Software.”

mIf you see the Macintosh desktop on your screen, the computer is ready to use. You do not need to install system software. Continue with the section “What to Do Next.”

Trouble?

mThe computer made a sound, but you can’t see anything on the screen.

Adjust the brightness control (marked with the icon ¤) and the contrast control (O) until an image appears and the screen is easy to read.

Contrast control

Brightness control

mNothing happened when you pressed the power button.

Make sure the power adapter is firmly connected to both the computer and a power source. If the power adapter is plugged into a power strip, make sure the power strip is plugged in and turned on. Then try pressing the power button again.

Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 5

Installing system software

System software is a set of programs that your computer uses to start up and operate. To install system software on your hard disk, follow these steps.

You do not need to install system software if you see the Macintosh desktop on your screen when you turn on the computer.

1.Find the Install disk provided with your computer. Insert the disk into the floppy disk drive (metal end first, label side up).

Insert metal end first.

After a few moments, you’ll see the Welcome box of the Installer, the program that installs system software on your hard disk.

2.Press the Return key on your keyboard to continue.

The Easy Install dialog box appears. Easy Install puts the system software that you’ll need right away onto your hard disk.

3.Press the Return key again to start installing system software.

Messages on your screen report how installation is progressing.

4.When the computer prompts you, remove the Install disk and insert the next disk the computer requests.

During installation, the computer automatically ejects a disk it has finished with and requests the next disk it needs.

5.Insert the remaining disks as the computer prompts you.

6.When you see a message reporting that installation was successful, press the Return key once more to quit the Installer program.

If you see a message saying that installation was not successful, you need to try again. Follow the instructions on the screen.

6 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook

Continuing your work

Next you see a message that asks whether you want to continue using your Macintosh. To continue working or to learn how to use the computer, use the trackball to choose Restart.

1.Place the index and middle fingers of your dominant hand on the trackball and the thumb of the same hand on the lower trackball button. Don’t press either button yet.

2.Roll the trackball around with your fingers.

Notice that the arrow (8) on the screen moves in the direction that you roll the trackball. For example, rolling the trackball to the right moves the arrow to the right.

3.Roll the trackball so the arrow rests over the word Restart.

Make sure that the tip of the arrow is inside the box with the word Restart.

continues .

Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 7

4.Press and release one of the trackball buttons.

Both buttons do the same thing.

The screen darkens, you hear a sound, and then after a moment the Macintosh desktop appears on the screen.

If nothing happens, try clicking the word Restart again. Make sure that the tip of the arrow is inside the box with the word Restart.

What to do next

mIf you have never used a Macintosh computer before, continue with the section “Learning the Basics.”

mOtherwise, continue with the section “Turning the PowerBook On and Off.” This section contains information that can help you use your computer efficiently.

mBe sure to read the safety instructions and the section on health concerns before beginning to use your PowerBook.

8 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook

Your computer at a glance

Speaker

Elevation feet	[ Printer port
	W Modem port
	I Power button
	P Reset button
	¥ Interrupt button
¯ Power adapter port	- Sound out port
g SCSI port (HDI-30)	Sound in port

V Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) port

O Contrast control

¤ Brightness control Floppy disk drive

Microphone (optional)

Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 9

Learning the basics

The PowerBook comes with a tour and a tutorial to help you start using your computer as quickly as possible.

mThe Macintosh Basics tour teaches the most basic skills you need to master before you can use your computer.

mThe tutorial section of this book (Chapters 2–5) reviews the basic skills taught in the tour, and teaches a few additional skills you’ll find helpful as you become more proficient.

Take the Macintosh Basics tour first.

Before you begin

Make sure your computer is turned on. If the screen is dark, try the following steps in order until you see the Macintosh desktop on your screen.

1.Adjust the screen brightness and contrast controls.

If you see the Macintosh desktop, skip to “Finding the Tour.”

2.Press any key on the keyboard (except Caps Lock).

Pressing a key wakes the computer if it was in sleep (a powerconserving state described later in this chapter). If you see the Macintosh desktop, skip to “Finding the Tour.”

3.Press the power button on the computer’s back panel.

Pressing the power button turns the computer on if it was off. Continue with “Finding the Tour.”

10 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook

Finding the tour

Your Macintosh Basics tour may be on a floppy disk, or it may be on the computer’s hard disk.

mIf the Macintosh desktop appeared on the screen when you first turned on your computer, then the system software and the Macintosh Basics tour were installed on your

computer’s hard disk at the factory. Continue with the section “Starting the Tour From the Hard Disk.”

mIf you needed to install system software when you set up your computer (as described in the previous section of this chapter), then the Macintosh Basics tour is on a floppy disk in the box with your computer. Locate the disk and continue with the section “Starting the Tour From a Floppy Disk.”

Starting the tour from the hard disk

1.Roll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture labeled “Macintosh HD.”

Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture, not over the words “Macintosh HD.”

continues .

Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 11

2.Being careful not to roll the trackball, press the trackball button twice in quick succession.

Now your screen should look like the picture following step 3. If it doesn’t, try steps 1 and 2 again, paying special attention to the following:

m Make sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, not the words beneath it.

m Be sure to press the trackball button twice.

m Try pressing twice more quickly and be careful not to roll the trackball while you press.

3.Roll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture of the folder labeled “Macintosh Basics.”

Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture, not over the words “Macintosh Basics.”

The items in the illustration below may not exactly match those on your screen. The only item you need right now is the Macintosh Basics folder.

12 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook

4.Being careful not to roll the trackball, press the trackball button twice in quick succession.

Now your screen should look like the following illustration:

5.Roll the trackball to move the arrow over the picture of the man labeled “Macintosh Basics.”

Make sure the tip of the arrow is over the picture of the man, not over the words “Macintosh Basics.”

continues .

Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook 13

6.Press the trackball button twice in quick succession.

Now your screen should look like the following picture:

If you don’t see this screen, try again, paying special attention to the following:

mMake sure the tip of the arrow is touching the picture, not the words beneath it.

mBe sure to press the trackball button twice.

mTry pressing twice more quickly and be careful not to roll the trackball while you press.

7.Follow the instructions on the screen and work through the tour.

When you finish the tour, continue with “Turning the PowerBook On and Off ” and read the rest of this chapter for information that can help you use your computer safely and efficiently. Then turn to Chapter 2 and begin the tutorial.

14 Chapter 1: Setting Up Your Macintosh PowerBook