CH-9101 Herisau/Switzerland
E-Mail info@metrohm.com
Internet www.metrohm.com
Instructions for Use
8.828.1003
CH-9101 Herisau/Switzerland
E-Mail info@metrohm.com
Internet www.metrohm.com
828 IC Dual Suppressor
Instructions for Use
8.828.1003 09.2002 / pkl
Teachware
Metrohm AG
Oberdorfstrasse 68
CH-9101 Herisau
teachware@metrohm.com
1st Edition 2002
These instructions are protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Although all the information given in these instructions has been checked with great care, errors
cannot be entirely excluded. Should you notice any mistakes please inform the author at the
address given above.
828 IC Dual Suppressor/ 8.828.1003 Instructions for Use
IV
1.1 Instrument description
1 Introduction
1.1 Instrument description
The 828 IC Dual Suppressor is a continuous, regeneration-free solid
phase suppressor which is used to increase the sensitivity of the
detection of anions in ion chromatography.
As well as the usual chemical suppression of the
carbonate/bicarbonate background, in a second suppression step the
suppressor also removes dissolved CO
background conductivity of the mobile phase even further. This results
in an improved signal-to-noise ratio; peak areas in the ppm-range and
above are increased by approx. 30%. At the same time the areas of the
injection peak (water dip) and the system peak are reduced to a
minimum. The reduction of the injection peak means that the detection
of early-eluting anions is improved; the reduction of the system peak
allows the detection of anions which coelute with the system peak. The
baseline drift is also minimized when carbonate/bicarbonate gradients
are used.
in order to reduce the
2
In Metrohm IC systems the 828 IC Dual Suppressor can be remotely
controlled via a remote interface. It can also be combined with all other
commercially available HPLC systems.
828 IC Dual Suppressor/ 8.828.1003 Instructions for Use
1
1 Introduction
X
X
1.2 How it works
The 828 IC Dual Suppressor is used to increase the sensitivity of the
detection of anions in conductivity measurements. It is installed
between the separation column and the conductivity detector. The IC
Dual Suppressor consists of a suppressor cell, a direct current source
and a degassing unit. After it enters the suppressor cell the eluent
containing the sample ions is split proportionally toward the detector,
anode and cathode as shown in Figure 1.
NaHCO
/Na2CO3 + MX
3
+ O2+ H
2 H
2CO3
Anode
+
+
H+
Na+ form
Resin
IN
Cathode
NaOH + MOH + H2+ NaX
2 H2O 4 H++ O2+ 4 e
H+
H+
H+
OUT
2 H2O + 2 e
-
H2CO3+ HX
+2 OH
H
2
-
Degassing Unit
CO2 + H2O
H
2CO3
-
M = Cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+, etc.)
= Anions
H
O + HX
2
To Detector
Figure 1: Dual suppressor flow diagram
Three processes take place simultaneously in the 828 IC Dual
Suppressor:
1. As the eluent and the sample ions emerge from the separation
column an acid/base reaction converts them to their protonated
forms. The cell is packed with a strong cation exchanger which is
present in protonated form. The following exchange reactions occur
in the suppressor:
Eluent:
NaOH + Resin-SO
-H+
Resin-SO
3
-Na+
3
+ H2O
or
NaHCO
/Na2CO3 + Resin-SO
3
-H+
Resin-SO
3
-Na+
3
+ H2CO3
Sample:
MX + Resin-SO
-H+
Resin-SO
3
-M+
3
+ HX
-
-
, NO
X = Cl
, Br-, etc.
3
828 IC Dual Suppressor/ 8.828.1003 Instructions for Use
2
1.2 How it works
The counter ions (Na+) of the eluent are exchanged for the hydrogen
+
ions (H
water will be formed; if NaHCO
) of the resin in the cell. If NaOH is used as the eluent then
/Na2CO3 is used as the eluent then
3
carbon dioxide is produced. At the same time the counter ions of the
sample (M
+
= metal cation) are exchanged for protons from the resin.
Together with the sample anions these form acids which have an
increased conductivity, e.g. hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, etc. This
provides an improved signal-to-noise ratio and an improved detection
sensitivity.
2. During the operation of the 828 IC Dual Suppressor a direct current
is constantly applied to the suppressor cell electrodes.
Water in the cell is electrolyzed and the following electrode
reactions take place:
Anode: 2 H
O 4 H+ + O2(g) + 4 e-
2
Cathode: 2 H
O + 2 e- 2 OH- + H2(g)
2
At the anode hydrogen ions and gaseous oxygen are produced; at
the cathode hydroxide ions and gaseous hydrogen. In this way the
hydrogen ions produced at the anode continuously regenerate the
cation exchanger. The sodium cations of the eluent and the cations
of the sample wander toward the cathode in the direct current field.
The eluate that leaves the suppressor cell on the cathode side
contains the hydroxide salts of these cations, gaseous hydrogen
and some sample anions (in the form of their sodium salts). The
eluate at the anode side contains carbonic acid or water together
with gaseous oxygen and some sample ions (protonated form). The
protonated sample anions are eluted toward the detector with
carbonic acid or water.
3. After leaving the suppressor cell all eluates pass through a
degassing unit. Oxygen and hydrogen are removed from the eluate
flows at the anode and cathode sides respectively before they
reach the waste container. The eluate at the OUT connection (see
Figure 1, Figure 10) contains the sample anions and carbonic acid
(if a carbonate/bicarbonate eluent is used) and passes the
degassing unit before reaching the conductivity detector. In the
degassing unit the carbonic acid dissociates to form carbon dioxide
and water. Carbon dioxide is removed and water remains.
This further reduces the background conductivity of the eluate to
provide improved sensitivity and a more stable baseline. This
means that it is possible to use carbonate/bicarbonate gradients.
The injection peak (water dip), which is often overlapped by quickly
eluting anions, and the system peak, which interferes with the
detection of anions which coelute with it, are eliminated.
828 IC Dual Suppressor/ 8.828.1003 Instructions for Use
3
1 Introduction
1.3 Parts and controls
1234 56
7891011 12
LEDs
The color of the LED indicates the instrument status.
Ready
1
Green: the suppressor is ready for an
analysis.
Red: an error has occurred.
RS-232
2
Green: data transfer via RS 232
connection 13, only for service
purposes.
Figure 2: Front panel of the 828 IC Dual Suppressor
4
5
Current
Green: current is flowing across the
suppressor cell.
Vacuum
Green: the vacuum has operating
pressure.
Red: insufficient vacuum. A leak is
present or the set value has not been
reached within 30 minutes of the
instrument being switched on.
Voltage
3
Green: the voltage applied to the
suppressor cell is within the limits for
normal operation.
Red: the voltage is outside the
operating limits.
828 IC Dual Suppressor/ 8.828.1003 Instructions for Use
4
6
Power
Green: the Dual Suppressor is
switched on, mains voltage is applied.
1.3 Parts and controls
To Detector
7
Inlet connection to detector,
connection for 6.1831.010 PEEK
Capillary with 6.2744.010 PEEK
Pressure screw
From Column
8
Outlet connection from column,
connection for 6.1831.010 PEEK
Capillary with 6.2744.010 PEEK
Pressure screw
9 Flow Anode
For a visual check of the anode
eluate. The liquid from the anode
passes through the FEP tubing before
entering the degassing unit. In normal
operation oxygen bubbles should be
seen regularly.
10
Flow Cathode
For a visual check of the cathode
eluate. The liquid from the cathode
passes through the FEP tubing before
entering the degassing unit. In normal
operation hydrogen bubbles should be
seen regularly.
11
Detector Flow
The flow to the detector can be
regulated with a screwdriver.
12 Waste
Outlet to waste container, connection
for 6.1803.020 PTFE Tubing with
6.2744.010 PEEK Pressure screw
828 IC Dual Suppressor/ 8.828.1003 Instructions for Use
5
1 Introduction
13 141516
17
18 19 202122
Figure 3: Rear panel of the 828 IC Dual Suppressor
RS 232
13
Interface for service purposes
18
Ready Output
6-pin connector, used as fault switch,
carries status signals (ready/not ready)
to external instruments.
CO
14
Trap Cartridge
2
Holder for CO
absorber-cartridge for
2
19Type and serial number
cleaning the incoming air
Remote switch
15
Activates the remote control of the
20
Drain
Drain port outlet for liquids
Dual Suppressor via the Remote
connector:
I = ON 0 = OFF
Fuse holder
16
For slow blow fuse 1.0 AT, U.600.0016
Mains switch
21
Remote
Remote interface for remote control by
external instruments.
For switching instrument on/off:
I = ON 0 = OFF
Mains connector
For mains connection see Section 2.3
Vacuum pump inlet
17
Connected to 6.2837.000,
22
Vacuum pump exhaust
see Section 2.2.1
828 IC Dual Suppressor/ 8.828.1003 Instructions for Use
6
1.4 Information about the Instructions for Use
1.4 Information about the Instructions for Use
Please study these Instructions for Use carefully before you start to
use the 828 IC Dual Suppressor. The instructions contain information
and warnings that must be observed by the user in order to guarantee
the safe use of the instrument. Please keep these instructions near the
instrument so that they are always to hand when required.
1.4.1 Organization
These 8.828.1003 Instructions for Use for the 828 IC Dual
Suppressor provide you with a comprehensive overview of the
installation, startup, troubleshooting and technical specifications of the
instrument. The installation instructions are arranged as follows:
Sect. 1 Introduction
General description of the instrument, operating parts
and controls, and safety notes
Sect. 2 Installation
Installation of the instrument, mains connection,
connection of the accessories, connection to IC system
Sect. 3 Operation
Information about the operation of the 828 IC Dual
Suppressor
Sect. 4 Troubleshooting - Problems
Possible faults and their remedies
Sect. 5 Care and maintenance
Care and maintenance of the instrument
Sect. 6 Appendix
Technical data, standard equipment, optional
accessories, warranty and declaration of conformity,
index
In order to find the information you require about the 828 Dual
Suppressor you should either use the Contents or the Index.
828 IC Dual Suppressor/ 8.828.1003 Instructions for Use
7
1 Introduction
1.4.2 Notation and pictograms
The following notation and pictograms (symbols) are used in these
Instructions:
15 828 parts and controls
Danger/Warning
This symbol indicates a possible
risk of death or injury to the user
and possible damage to the
instrument or its components by
electricity.
Danger/Warning
This symbol indicates a possible
risk of death or injury to the user
and possible damage to the
instrument or its components.
Attention
This symbol indicates important
information that you should read
before continuing.
Information
This symbol indicates additional
information and tips which may be
of particular use to you.
828 IC Dual Suppressor/ 8.828.1003 Instructions for Use
8
1.5 Safety notes
1.5 Safety notes
Warning!
This instrument should only be used in accordance with the
information given in these Instructions for Use.
1.5.1 Electrical safety
Electrical safety when handling the 828 IC Dual Suppressor is
guaranteed within the scope of Standard IEC 61010. However, please
observe the following points:
• Mains connection
The mains connection and checking the mains fuse must be
carried out according to the information given in Section 2.3.
• Opening the 828 IC Dual Suppressor
If the 828 IC Dual Suppressor is connected to the mains supply then it
must neither be opened nor should any parts be removed from it, as
otherwise the risk of contact with current-carrying assemblies exists.
This is why the instrument should be separated from all voltage
sources before being opened. Please make sure that the mains cable is pulled out from mains connector 16!
• Protection against electrostatic charges
Electronic components are sensitive to electrostatic charges and can
be destroyed by a discharge. Before touching any assembly within
the 828 IC Dual Suppressor you should ground yourself and any tool
you are using by grasping a grounded object (e.g. the instrument
housing or a radiator) in order to eliminate any electrostatic charge
which may be present.
1.5.2 General safety measures
• Liquid handling
Check all inlet and outlet tubing for leaks at regular intervals. Observe
the appropriate regulations concerning the handling of flammable
and/or toxic solutions and their disposal.
828 IC Dual Suppressor/ 8.828.1003 Instructions for Use
9
2 Installation
2 Installation
2.1 Instrument setup
2.1.1 Packaging
The 828 IC Dual Suppressor and its specially packed accessories are
supplied in very protective special packaging which contains a shockabsorbing plastic foam lining. The instrument itself is contained in an
dustproof evacuated polyethylene bag. Please store this packaging in a
safe place; it is the only way in which the safe transport of the
instrument can be guaranteed.
2.1.2 Checks
Please check that the delivery is complete and undamaged
immediately on receipt (compare with delivery note and list of
accessories given in Section 6.2). If transport damage is evident please
refer to the information given in Section 6.4 “Warranty”.
2.1.3 Location
Place the instrument on a suitable vibration-free laboratory bench,
protected as much as possible from corrosive atmospheres and
contact with chemicals.
Choose a location where the temperature is usually between +5 °C and
+45 °C. The instrument should be protected against excessive
variations in temperature and direct sunlight.
828 IC Dual Suppressor/ 8.828.1003 Instructions for Use
10
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