840D

siemens 840D Programming Guide

Programming Guide 11/2002 Edition

Fundamentals SINUMERIK 840D/840Di/810D

Fundamental Geometrical Principles

SINUMERIK 840D/840Di/810D

Fundamentals

Programming Guide

Fundamental Principles of NC Programming

Positional Data

Programming Motion Commands

Path Action

Frames

Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion

Valid for

Control Software Version

SINUMERIK 840D 6 SINUMERIK 840DE (export version) 6 SINUMERIK 840D powerline 6 SINUMERIK 840DE powerline 6 SINUMERIK 840Di 2 SINUMERIK 840DiE (export version) 2 SINUMERIK 810D 3 SINUMERIK 810DE (export version) 3 SINUMERIK 810D powerline 6 SINUMERIK 810D powerline 6

Tool Offsets

Miscellaneous Functions

Arithmetic Parameters and Program Jumps

Subprograms and Repetition of Program Sections

Tables

Appendix

11.02 Edition

Contents 11.02

SINUMERIK® Documentation

Printing history

Brief details of this edition and previous editions are listed below.

The status of each edition is shown by the code in the "Remarks" column.

Status code in the "Remarks" column:

A .... New documentation.

B .... Unrevised edition with new order no.

C .... Revised edition with new status.

If factual changes have been made on the page since the last edition, this is indicated by a new edition coding in the header on that page.

Edition Order No. Remarks

02.95 6FC5298-2AB00-0BP0 A

08.97 6FC5298-4AB00-0BP0 A

12.95 6FC5298-3AB00-0BP0 C

03.96 6FC5298-3AB00-0BP1 C

08.97 6FC5298-4AB00-0BP0 C

12.97 6FC5298-4AB00-0BP1 C

12.98 6FC5298-5AB00-0BP0 C

08.99 6FC5298-5AB00-0BP1 C

04.00 6FC5298-5AB00-0BP2 C

10.00 6FC5298-6AB00-0BP0 C

09.01 6FC5298-6AB00-0BP1 C

11.02 6FC5298-6AB00-0BP2 C

This manual is included in the documentation available on CD ROM (DOCONCD) Edition Order No. Remarks

11.02 6FC5298-6CA00-0BG3 C

Trademarks

SIMATIC trademarks of Siemens AG. Other names in this publication might be trademarks whose use by a third party for his own purposes may violate the rights of the registered holder.

, SIMATIC HMIâ, SIMATIC NETâ, SIROTECâ, SINUMERIKâ and SIMODRIVEâ are registered

Further information is available on the Internet under: http: //www.ad.siemens.de/si numer ik

This publication was produced with WinW ord V8.0 and Designer V4.0. The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its contents is not permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages. All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design, are reserved.

Order No. 6FC5298-6AB00-0BP2 Printed in Germany

Other functions not described in this documentation might be executable in the control. This does not, however, represent an obligation to supply such functions with a new control or when servicing.

We have checked that the contents of this document correspond to the hardware and software described. Nonetheless, differences might exist and therefore we cannot guarantee that they are completely identical. The information given in this publication is reviewed at regular intervals and any corrections that might be necessary are made in the subsequent printings. We welcome suggestions for improvement.

Subject to change without prior notice

Siemens Aktiengesellschaft

11.02 Contents

Contents

Fundamental Geometrical Principles 1-21

1.1 Description of workpiece points ...................................................................................... 1-22

1.1.1 Workpiece coordinate systems ................................................................................. 1-22

1.1.2 Definition of workpiece positions............................................................................... 1-23

1.1.3 Polar coordinates ...................................................................................................... 1-25

1.1.4 Absolute dimension ................................................................................................... 1-26

1.1.5 Incremental dimension .............................................................................................. 1-27

1.1.6 Plane designations .................................................................................................... 1-28

1.2 Position of zero points ..................................................................................................... 1-29

1.3 Position of coordinate systems ....................................................................................... 1-29

1.3.1 Overview of various coordinate systems................................................................... 1-29

1.3.2 Machine coordinate system ...................................................................................... 1-31

1.3.3 Basic coordinate system ........................................................................................... 1-33

1.3.4 Workpiece coordinate system................................................................................... 1-34

1.3.5 Frame system ........................................................................................................... 1-34

1.3.6 Assignment of workpiece coordinate system to machine axes ................................ 1-36

1.3.7 Current workpiece coordinate system....................................................................... 1-36

1.4 Axes ................................................................................................................................1-37

1.4.1 Main axes/Geometry axes ........................................................................................ 1-38

1.4.2 Special axes .............................................................................................................. 1-39

1.4.3 Main spindle, master spindle..................................................................................... 1-39

1.4.4 Machine axes ............................................................................................................ 1-39

1.4.5 Channel axes ............................................................................................................ 1-39

1.4.6 Path axes ..................................................................................................................1-40

1.4.7 Positioning axes ........................................................................................................ 1-40

1.4.8 Synchronized axes .................................................................................................... 1-42

1.4.9 Command axes......................................................................................................... 1-42

1.4.10 PLC axes................................................................................................................... 1-42

1.4.11 Link axes (SW 5 and higher)..................................................................................... 1-43

1.4.12 Leading link axes (SW 6 and higher) ........................................................................ 1-45

1.5 Coordinate systems and workpiece machining............................................................... 1-48

Fundamental Principles of NC Programming 2-51

2.1 Structure and contents of an NC program ...................................................................... 2-52

2.2 Language elements of the programming language ........................................................ 2-53

2.3 Programming a sample workpiece.................................................................................. 2-75

2.4 First programming example for milling application.......................................................... 2-77

2.5 Second programming example for milling application .................................................... 2-78

Contents 11.02

2.6 Programming example for turning application................................................................. 2-81

Positional Data 3-83

3.1 General information .........................................................................................................3-84

3.2 Absolute/incremental dimensions, G90/G91 ...................................................................3-85

3.2.1 G91 extension (SW 4.3 and higher) ..........................................................................3-88

3.3 Absolute dimensions for rotary axes, DC, ACP, ACN ..................................................... 3-89

3.4 Metric/imperial dimensions, G70/G71/G700/G710.......................................................... 3-91

3.5 Zero offset (frame), G54 to G599.................................................................................... 3-94

3.6 Selecting the working plane, G17 to G19 ........................................................................3-99

3.7 Programmable working area limitation, G25/G26 .........................................................3-102

3.8 Reference point approach, G74 ....................................................................................3-105

Programming Motion Commands 4-107

4.1 General information .......................................................................................................4-108

4.2 Traversing commands with polar coordinates, G110, G111, G112, AP, RP ................ 4-110

4.3 Rapid traverse movement, G0 ...................................................................................... 4-114

4.4 Linear interpolation, G1 .................................................................................................4-119

4.5 Circular interpolation, G2/G3, CIP .................................................................................4-122

4.6 Helical interpolation, G2/G3, TURN............................................................................... 4-135

4.7 Involute interpolation, INVCW, INVCCW ......................................................................4-137

4.8 Contour definitions......................................................................................................... 4-141

4.8.1 Straight line with angle ............................................................................................4-141

4.8.2 Two straight lines..................................................................................................... 4-142

4.8.3 Three straight lines ..................................................................................................4-143

4.8.4 End point programming with an angle..................................................................... 4-144

4.9 Thread cutting with constant lead, G33 .........................................................................4-145

4.9.1 Programmable run-in and run-out path (SW 5 and higher)..................................... 4-151

4.10 Linear progressive/degressive thread pitch change, G34, G35 (SW 5.2 and higher)... 4-153

4.11 Rigid tapping, G331, G332 ............................................................................................4-155

4.12 Tapping with compensating chuck G63 ........................................................................4-157

4.13 Stop during thread cutting .............................................................................................4-159

4.14 Approaching a fixed point, G75 ..................................................................................... 4-161

4.15 Travel to fixed stop ........................................................................................................ 4-163

0-6 SINUMERIK 840D/840Di/810D Programming Guide Fundamentals (PG) – 11.02 Edition

11.02 Contents

4.16 Special turning functions ............................................................................................... 4-169

4.16.1 Position of workpiece .............................................................................................. 4-169

4.16.2 Dimensions for: Radius, diameter........................................................................... 4-170

4.17 Chamfer, rounding ........................................................................................................ 4-172

Path Action 5-177

5.1 Exact stop, G60, G9, G601, G602, G603 .................................................................... 5-178

5.2 Continuous-path mode, G64, G641, G642, G643........................................................ 5-181

5.3 Acceleration pattern, BRISK, SOFT, DRIVE ................................................................ 5-190

5.3.1 Acceleration modes................................................................................................. 5-190

5.3.2 Influence of acceleration modes on following axes................................................. 5-191

5.4 Overview of the various velocity controls ..................................................................... 5-194

5.5 Path velocity smoothing ............................................................................................... 5-195

5.6 Traversing with feedforward control, FFWON, FFWOF............................................... 5-196

5.7 Programmable contour accuracy, CPRECON, CPRECOF.......................................... 5-197

5.8 Dwell time, G4 .............................................................................................................. 5-198

5.9 Program sequence: Internal preprocessor stop ........................................................... 5-199

Frames 6-201

6.1 General......................................................................................................................... 6-202

6.2 Frame instructions........................................................................................................ 6-203

6.3 Programmable zero offset............................................................................................ 6-205

6.3.1 TRANS, ATRANS ................................................................................................... 6-205

6.3.2 G58, G59: Axial programmable ZO (SW 5 and higher) .......................................... 6-209

6.4 Programmable rotation, ROT, AROT ........................................................................... 6-212

6.5 Programmable frame rotations with solid angles, ROTS, AROTS and CROTS.......... 6-220

6.6 Programmable scale factor, SCALE, ASCALE ............................................................ 6-221

6.7 Programmable mirroring, MIRROR, AMIRROR........................................................... 6-224

6.8 Frame generation according to tool orientation, TOFRAME, TOROT ......................... 6-228

6.9 Deselect frame SUPA, DRFOF, CORROF, TRAFOOF ............................................... 6-230

Feedrate Control and Spindle Motion 7-235

7.1 Feedrate ........................................................................................................................ 7-236

7.2 Traversing positioning axes, POS, POSA, POSP ......................................................... 7-244

7.3 Position-controlled spindle operation, SPCON, SPCOF ............................................... 7-247

Contents 11.02

7.4 Positioning spindles (position-controlled axis operation): SPOS, M19 and SPOSA .....7-248

7.5 Milling on turned parts: TRANSMIT............................................................................... 7-254

7.6 Cylinder surface transformation: TRACYL .................................................................... 7-256

7.7 Feedrate for positioning axes/spindles: FA, FPR, FPRAON, FPRAOF ........................7-257

7.8 Percentage feedrate override, OVR, OVRA ..................................................................7-260

7.9 Feedrate with handwheel override, FD, FDA ................................................................7-261

7.10 Percentage acceleration correction: ACC (Option) ....................................................... 7-265

7.11 Feedrate optimization for curved path sections, CFTCP, CFC, CFIN...........................7-266

7.12 Spindle speed S, direction of spindle rotation M3, M4, M5 ........................................... 7-269

7.13 Constant cutting rate, G96, G97, LIMS .........................................................................7-272

7.14 Constant grinding wheel peripheral speed, GWPSON, GWPSOF ...............................7-274

7.15 Constant workpiece speed for centerless grinding: CLGON, CLGOF ..........................7-277

7.16 Programmable spindle speed limitation, G25, G26....................................................... 7-279

7.17 Several feedrates in one block: F.., FMA.. ....................................................................7-280

7.18 Blockwise feedrate: FB... (as of SW 5.3) ...................................................................... 7-282

Tool Offsets 8-285

8.1 General information ...................................................................................................... 8-286

8.2 List of tool types............................................................................................................8-289

8.3 Tool selection/tool call T ............................................................................................... 8-293

8.3.1 Tool change with M06 (mill) .................................................................................... 8-293

8.3.2 Tool change with T command (rotate) .................................................................... 8-295

8.4 Tool offset D .................................................................................................................8-297

8.5 Tool selection T with tool management ........................................................................ 8-299

8.5.1 Turning machine with circular magazine .................................................................8-299

8.5.2 Milling machine with chain magazine ......................................................................8-300

8.6 Tool offset call D with tool management ...................................................................... 8-302

8.6.1 Turning machine with circular magazine .................................................................8-302

8.6.2 Milling machine with chain magazine ......................................................................8-303

8.7 Make active tool offset operative immediately.............................................................. 8-304

8.8 Tool radius compensation, G40, G41, G42 .................................................................. 8-305

8.9 Approach and retract from contour, NORM, KONT, G450, G451................................ 8-313

8.10 Compensation at outside corners, G450, G451 ...........................................................8-316

0-8 SINUMERIK 840D/840Di/810D Programming Guide Fundamentals (PG) – 11.02 Edition

11.02 Contents

8.11 Smooth approach and retraction .................................................................................. 8-319

8.11.1 Extension approach and retract: G461/G462 (SW 5 and higher) ........................... 8-327

8.12 Collision monitoring, CDON, CDOF ............................................................................. 8-331

8.13 2 1/2 D tool offset, CUT2D, CUT2DF ........................................................................... 8-333

8.14 Tool length offset for orientable tools: TCARR, TCOABS, TCOFR ............................. 8-335

8.15 Grinding-specific tool monitoring in parts program TMON, TMOF............................... 8-338

8.16 Additive offsets (SW 5 and higher)............................................................................... 8-340

8.16.1 Select offset (by DL number) .................................................................................. 8-340

8.16.2 Define wear and setup values ................................................................................. 8-341

8.16.3 Delete additive offsets (DELDL) .............................................................................. 8-343

8.17 Tool offset – special features (SW 5 and higher)......................................................... 8-344

8.17.1 Mirroring of tool lengths........................................................................................... 8-345

8.17.2 Wear sign evaluation............................................................................................... 8-345

8.17.3 Tool length and plane change ................................................................................. 8-346

8.18 Tools with a relevant tool point direction (SW 5 and higher) ........................................ 8-349

Miscellaneous Functions 9-351

9.1 Auxiliary function outputs ............................................................................................. 9-352

9.1.1 M functions .............................................................................................................. 9-357

9.1.2 H functions .............................................................................................................. 9-360

Arithmetic Parameters and Program Jumps 10-361

10.1 Arithmetic parameters R ............................................................................................ 10-362

10.2 Unconditional program jumps .................................................................................... 10-365

10.3 Conditional program jumps ........................................................................................ 10-367

Subprograms and Repetition of Program Sections 11-369

11.1 Use of subprograms ................................................................................................... 11-370

11.2 Subroutine call............................................................................................................ 11-373

11.3 Subprogram with program repetition .......................................................................... 11-375

11.4 Program section repetition (SW 4.3 and higher) ........................................................ 11-376

Tables 12-385

12.1 List of statements ....................................................................................................... 12-386

12.2 List of addresses ........................................................................................................ 12-403

12.2.1 Address letters ...................................................................................................... 12-403

12.2.2 Fixed addresses.................................................................................................... 12-404

Contents 11.02

12.2.3 Fixed addresses with axis extension .....................................................................12-405

12.2.4 Settable addresses................................................................................................12-407

12.3 List of G functions/preparatory functions.................................................................... 12-411

12.4 List of predefined subprograms.................................................................................. 12-423

12.4.1 Predefined subprogram calls................................................................................. 12-424

12.4.2 Predefined subprogram calls in motion-synchronous actions ...............................12-434

12.4.3 Predefined functions.............................................................................................. 12-435

12.4.4 Data types .............................................................................................................12-438

Appendix A-439

A Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................A-440

B Terms ................................................................................................................................A-448

C References........................................................................................................................A-474

D Index .................................................................................................................................A-489

E Commands, identifiers ......................................................................................................A-496

0-10 SINUMERIK 840D/840Di/810D Programming Guide Fundamentals (PG) – 11.02 Edition

11.02 Preface

Structure of the manual

Preface

840D

NCU 571

840D

NCU 572

NCU 573

810D

840Di

Organization of documentation

SINUMERIK documentation is organized on three different levels:

• General Documentation

• User documentation

• Manufacturer/Service Documentation

Target group

This Manual is intended for machine-tool users. It provides detailed information that the user requires to program the SINUMERIK 840D/840Di/810D control system.

Standard scope

This Programming Guide describes the functionality afforded by standard functions. Differences and additions implemented by the machine-tool manufacturer are documented by the machine-tool manufacturer.

More detailed information about other publications relating to SINUMERIK 840D/840Di and publications that apply to all SINUMERIK controls (e.g. Universal Interface, Measuring Cycles...) can be obtained from your local Siemens branch office.

Other functions not described in this documentation might be executable in the control. This does not, however, represent an obligation to supply such functions with a new control or when servicing.

Preface 11.02

Structure of the manual

840D

NCU 571

840D

NCU 572

NCU 573

810D

840Di

Applicability

This Programming Guide applies to the following controls: SINUMERIK 840D 6

SINUMERIK 840DE (export version) 6 SINUMERIK 840D powerline 6 SINUMERIK 840DE powerline 6 SINUMERIK 840Di 2 SINUMERIK 840DiE (export version) 2 SINUMERIK 810D 3 SINUMERIK 810DE (export version) 3 SINUMERIK 810D powerline 6 SINUMERIK 810D powerline 6

with operator panels OP 010, OP 010C, OP 010S, OP 12 or OP 15 (PCU 20 or PCU 50)

SINUMERIK 840D powerline

From 09.2001 onwards, improved performance versions of

• SINUMERIK 840D powerline and

• SINUMERIK 840DE powerline

will be available. For a list of available powerline modules, please refer to Section 1.1 /PHD/ of the hardware description /PHD/.

0-12 SINUMERIK 840D/840Di/810D Programming Guide Fundamentals (PG) – 11.02 Edition

SINUMERIK 810D powerline

From 12.2001 onwards, improved performance versions of

• SINUMERIK 810D powerline and

• SINUMERIK 810DE powerline

will be available. For a list of available powerline modules, please refer to Section 1.1 of the hardware description /PHC/.

11.02 Preface

Structure of the manual

840D

NCU 571

840D

NCU 572

NCU 573

810D

840Di

Hotline

If you have any queries, please contact the following hotline: A&D Technical Support Phone: ++49-(0)180-5050-222

Please send any queries about the documentation (suggestions or corrections) to the following fax number or email address:

Fax form: see feedback sheet and the end of the publication.

http://www.ad.siemens.de/sinumerik

Internet address

Export version

The following functions are not available in the export version:

Function 810DE 840DE

Five axis machining package

Handling transformation package (five axes)

Multi-axis interpolation (> four axes)

Helical interpolation 2D+6

Synchronized actions, stage 2

Measurements, stage 2

Adaptive control

Continuous dressing

Utilization of compile cycles (OEM)

Sag compensation, multi-dimensional

Fax: ++49-(0)180-5050-223 Email: adsupport@siemens.com

Fax: ++49-(0)0131-98-2176 Email: motioncontrol.docu@erlf.siemens.de

− −

−

− −

−

− Function not available

Restricted functionality

Preface 11.02

Structure of the manual

840D

NCU 571

840D

NCU 572

NCU 573

810D

840Di

Fundamentals

This Programming Guide Fundamentals is intended for use by skilled machine operators with the appropriate expertise in drilling, milling and turning operations. Simple programming examples are used to explain the commands and statements which are also defined according to DIN 66025.

Advanced The Programming Guide "Advanced" is intended for use by technicians with in-depth, comprehensive programming knowledge. By virtue of a special programming language, the SINUMERIK 840D/810D control enables the user to program complex workpiece programs (e.g. for sculptured surfaces, channel coordination, ...) and greatly facilitates the programming of complicated operations. The commands and statements described in this Guide are not specific to one particular technology. They can be applied for a variety of technologies, such as

• Grinding

• Cyclical machines (packaging, woodworking)

• Laser power controls.

0-14 SINUMERIK 840D/840Di/810D Programming Guide Fundamentals (PG) – 11.02 Edition

11.02 Preface

Structure of the manual

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Structure of descriptions

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NCU 573

All cycles and programming options have been described according to the same internal structure as far as this is meaningful and practicable. The various levels of information have been organized such that you can selectively access the information you need for the task in hand.

1. A quick overview

If you look up a rarely used command or the meaning of a parameter, you can see at a glance how the function is programmed and find helpful explanations of the commands and parameters.

This information is always displayed at the top of the page.

Note: Due to lack of space, it has not been possible to show all the modes of representation afforded by the programming language for individual commands and parameters. For this reason, we have illustrated those command programming schemes that are used most frequently in practice in a workshop situation.

810D

840Di

Drilling cycles and drilling patterns 03.96

2.1 Drilling cycles

2.1.2 Drilling, centering – CYCLE81 Programming

CYCLE81 (RTP, RFP, SDIS, DP)

RTP

real Retraction plane (absolute)

RFP

real Reference plane (absolute)

SDIS

real Safety clearance (enter without sign)

real Final drilling depth (absolute)

DPR

real Final drilling depth relative to reference plane (enter without sign)

Function

The tool drills at the programmed spindle speed and feedrate to the programmed final drilling depth.

Operating sequence

Position reached before the beginning of the cycle:

The drilling position is the position in the two axes of the selected plane.

The cycle implements the following motion sequence:

•

Approach of the reference plane brought forward by the safety clearance with G0

•

Travel to the final drilling depth at the feedrate programmed in the calling program (G1)

•

Retraction to retraction plane with G0

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SINUMERIK 840D/810D/FM-NC Programming Guide, Cycles (PGZ) - 08.97 Edition.



Preface 11.02

Structure of the manual

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840Di

2. Detailed explanations

You will find detailed answers to the following questions in the theory section:

Why is the command needed?

What does the command do?

How is it programmed and executed?

What do the parameters do?

What else do I need to know?

03.96 Drilling cycles and drilling patterns

Explanation of parameters

RFP and RTP

Generally, the reference plane (RFP) and the retraction plane (RTP) have different values. In the cycle it is assumed that the retraction plane lies in front of the reference plane. The distance between the retraction plane and the final drilling depth is therefore greater than the distance between the reference plane and the final drilling depth.

SDIS

The safety clearance (SDIS) refers to the reference plane. which is brought forward by the safety clearance. The direction in which the safety clearance is active is automatically determined by the cycle.

DP and DPR

The drilling depth can be defined either absolute (DP) or relative (DPR) to the reference plane. If it is entered as an absolute value, the value is traversed directly in the cycle.

Additional notes

If a value is entered both for the DP and the DPR, the final drilling depth is derived from the DPR. If the DPR deviates from the absolute depth programmed via the DP, the message "Depth: Corresponds to value for relative depth" is output in the dialog line.

2.1 Drilling cycles

G1 G0

RTP RFP+SDIS

RFP

DP=RFP-DPR

The theoretical sections are primarily intended as learning material for the NC entry-level user. You should work through the manual at least once to get an idea of the functional scope and capability of your SINUMERIK control.



SINUMERIK 840D/810D/FM-NC Programming Guide, Cycles (PGZ) - 08.97 Edition.

2-37

3. From theory to practice

The programming examples illustrate how commands

Drilling cycles and drilling patterns 03.96

2.1 Drilling cycles

08.97

can be applied in practice.

If the values for the reference plane and the

You will find an application example for virtually every command after the theoretical section.

retraction plane are identical, a relative depth must not be programmed. The error message 61101 "Reference plane incorrectly defined" is output and the cycle is not executed. This error message is also output if the retraction plane lies behind the reference plane, i.e. the distance to the final drilling depth is smaller.

Programming example

Drilling_centering

You can use this program to make 3 holes using the drilling cycle CYCLE81, whereby this cycle is called with different parameter settings. The drilling axis is always the Z axis.

N10 G0 G90 F200 S300 M3 N20 D3 T3 Z110 N30 X40 Y120 N40 CYCLE81 (110, 100, 2, 35)

N50 Y30 N60 CYCLE81 (110, 102, , 35) N70 G0 G90 F180 S300 M03 N80 X90 N90 CYCLE81 (110, 100, 2, , 65)

N100 M30

120

Specification of the technology values Traverse to retraction plane Traverse to first drilling position Cycle call with absolute final drilling depth, safety clearance and incomplete parameter list Traverse to next drilling position Cycle call without safety clearance Specification of the technology values Traverse to next position Cycle call with relative final drilling depth and safety clearance End of program

40B90

A - B

100 108

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0-16 SINUMERIK 840D/840Di/810D Programming Guide Fundamentals (PG) – 11.02 Edition

11.02 Preface

Structure of the manual

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Explanation of symbols

Operating sequence

840D

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Explanation

Function

Parameters

Programming example

Programming

Additional notes

Cross-references to other documentation or

sections

Notes and warnings

Machine manufacturer (MH n)

Ordering data option

n= number of the note per section to which the machine manufacturer can refer.

Preface 11.02

Structure of the manual

840D

NCU 571

840D

NCU 572

NCU 573

810D

840Di

Principle

Your SIEMENS 840D/840Di/810D has been

designed and constructed according to state-of-

the-art technology and approved safety

regulations and standards.

Additional equipment

The applications of SIEMENS controls can be expanded for specific purposes through the addition of special add-on devices, equipment and expansions supplied by SIEMENS.

Personnel

Only appropriately trained, authorized and reliable

personnel may be allowed to operate this equipment. The control must never be operated, even temporarily, by anyone who is not appropriately skilled or trained.

The relevant responsibilities of personnel who set up, operate and maintain the equipment must be clearly

defined; the proper fulfillment of these responsibilities

must be monitored.

Behavior

Before the control is started up, it must be ensured that the Operator's Guides have been read and understood by the personnel responsible. The operating company is

also responsible for constantly monitoring the overall technical state of the control (visible faults and damage, altered service performance).

Servicing

Repairs must be carried out according to the information supplied in the service and maintenance

guide by personnel who are specially trained and

qualified in the relevant technical subject. All relevant safety regulations must be followed.

0-18 SINUMERIK 840D/840Di/810D Programming Guide Fundamentals (PG) – 11.02 Edition

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Note

The following is deemed to be improper usage and

exempts the manufacturer from any liability:

Any application which does not comply with the rules for proper usage described above.

If the control is not in technically perfect condition or is operated without due regard for safety regulations and accident prevention instructions given in the Instruction Manual.

If faults that might affect the safety of the equipment are

not rectified before the control is started up.

Any modification, bypassing or disabling of items of equipment on the control that are required to ensure fault-free operation, unlimited use and active and passive safety.

Improper usage gives rise to unforeseen dangers to:

• Life and limb of personnel,

• The control, machine or other assets of the owner

and the user.

The following special symbols and keywords have been used in this documentation:

Notes

This symbol appears in this documentation whenever it is necessary to draw your attention to an important item of information. In this documentation, you will find this symbol with a reference to an ordering option. The function described is executable only if the control contains the designated option.

Warnings

The following warnings with varying degrees of severity appear in this document.

Danger

Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if

not avoided, will result in death or serious injury or in substantial property damage

Preface 11.02

Structure of the manual

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NCU 573

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Warning

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not

avoided, could result in death or serious injury or in substantial property damage.

Caution

Used with the safety alert symbol indicates a potentially

hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury or in property damage.

Caution

Used without safety alert symbol indicates a potentially

hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in property damage.

Notice

Used without the safety alert symbol indicates a

potential situation which, if not avoided, may result in an undesirable result or state.

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11.02 Fundamental Geometrical Principles

Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.1 Description of workpiece points ...................................................................................... 1-22

1.1.1 Workpiece coordinate systems................................................................................ 1-22

1.1.2 Definition of workpiece positions.............................................................................. 1-23

1.1.3 Polar coordinates ..................................................................................................... 1-25

1.1.4 Absolute dimension.................................................................................................. 1-26

1.1.5 Incremental dimension............................................................................................. 1-27

1.1.6 Plane designations................................................................................................... 1-28

1.2 Position of zero points ..................................................................................................... 1-29

1.3 Position of coordinate systems ....................................................................................... 1-29

1.3.1 Overview of various coordinate systems ................................................................. 1-29

1.3.2 Machine coordinate system .....................................................................................1-31

1.3.3 Basic coordinate system .......................................................................................... 1-33

1.3.4 Workpiece coordinate system.................................................................................. 1-34

1.3.5 Frame system .......................................................................................................... 1-34

1.3.6 Assignment of workpiece coordinate system to machine axes ............................... 1-36

1.3.7 Current workpiece coordinate system...................................................................... 1-36

1.4 Axes ................................................................................................................................1-37

1.4.1 Main axes/Geometry axes ....................................................................................... 1-38

1.4.2 Special axes............................................................................................................. 1-39

1.4.3 Main spindle, master spindle ................................................................................... 1-39

1.4.4 Machine axes........................................................................................................... 1-39

1.4.5 Channel axes ........................................................................................................... 1-39

1.4.6 Path axes ................................................................................................................. 1-40

1.4.7 Positioning axes....................................................................................................... 1-40

1.4.8 Synchronized axes................................................................................................... 1-42

1.4.9 Command axes........................................................................................................ 1-42

1.4.10 PLC axes ................................................................................................................. 1-42

1.4.11 Link axes (SW 5 and higher) ................................................................................... 1-43

1.4.12 Leading link axes (SW 6 and higher)....................................................................... 1-45

1.5 Coordinate systems and workpiece machining............................................................... 1-48

Fundamental Geometrical Principles 11.02

1.1 Description of workpiece points

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1.1 Description of workpiece points

1.1.1 Workpiece coordinate systems

In order for the machine or control to operate with the specified positions, these data must be made in a reference system that corresponds to the direction of motion of the axis slides. A coordinate system with the axes X, Y and Z is used for this purpose. DIN 66217 stipulates that machine tools must use right-handed, rectangular (cartesian) coordinate systems.

The workpiece zero (W) is the origin of the workpiece coordinate system. Sometimes it is advisable or even necessary to work with negative positional data. Positions to the left of the origin are prefixed by a negative sign (–).

Milling:

X-

Y-

Z+

Z-

90°

Y+

90°

X+

Turning:

Z-

X-

Y+

Y-

90°

X+

90°

Z+

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11.02 Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.1 Description of workpiece points

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1.1.2 Definition of workpiece positions

To specify a position, imagine that a ruler is placed along the coordinate axes. You can now describe every point in the coordinate system by specifying the direction (X, Y and Z) and three numerical values. The workpiece zero always has the coordinates X0, Y0 and Z0.

Example: For the sake of simplicity, we will only use one plane of the coordinate system in this example, i.e. the X/Y plane. Points P1 to P4 then have the following coordinates:

P1 corresponds to X100 Y50 P2 corresponds to X-50 Y100 P3 corresponds to X-105 Y-115 P4 corresponds to X70 Y-75

X-

Y+

100

X+

115

105

Y-

One plane is sufficient to describe the contour on a turning machine.

Example:

Points P1 to P4 are defined by the following coordinates:

P1 corresponds to X25 Z-7.5 P2 corresponds to X40 Z-15 P3 corresponds to X40 Z-25 P4 corresponds to X60 Z-35

7.5

Ø 60

Ø 40

Ø 25

Fundamental Geometrical Principles 11.02

1.1 Description of workpiece points

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Example: Points P1 and P2 are defined by the following coordinates:

P1 corresponds to X-20 Y-20 Z23 P2 corresponds to X13 Y-13 Z27

The infeed depth must also be described in milling operations. To do this, we need to specify a numerical value for the third coordinate (Z in this case).

Example: Points P1 to P3 are defined by the following coordinates:

Y+

X+

Z+

Y+

P1 corresponds to X10 Y45 Z-5 P2 corresponds to X30 Y60 Z-20 P3 corresponds to X45 Y20 Z-15

X+

Z+

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11.02 Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.1 Description of workpiece points

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1.1.3 Polar coordinates

The coordinates used up to this point to specify points in the coordinate system are called "Cartesian coordinates".

However, there is another way to specify coordinates, namely as "polar coordinates".

It is useful to use polar coordinates in cases where a workpiece or part of a workpiece is dimensioned by radius and angle. The origin of the dimensional measurements is referred to as the "pole".

Example: The points P1 and P2 can then be described – with reference to the pole – as follows: P1 corresponds to radius =100 plus angle =30° P2 corresponds to radius =60 plus angle =75°

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75°

Pole

30°

Fundamental Geometrical Principles 11.02

1.1 Description of workpiece points

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1.1.4 Absolute dimension

With absolute dimensions, all the positional parameters refer to the currently valid zero point. Applied to tool movement this means:

The absolute dimensions describe the position to which the tool is to travel.

Example for milling: The positional parameters for points P1 to P3 in absolute dimensions referring to the zero point are the following: P1 corresponds to X20 Y35 P2 corresponds to X50 Y60 P3 corresponds to X70 Y20

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Example for turning: The positional parameters for points P1 to P4 in absolute dimensions referring to the zero point are the following: P1 corresponds to X25 Z-7.5 P2 corresponds to X40 Z-15 P3 corresponds to X40 Z-25 P4 corresponds to X60 Z-35

7.5

Ø 60

Ø 40

Ø 25

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11.02 Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.1 Description of workpiece points

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1.1.5 Incremental dimension

Production drawings are frequently encountered, however, where the dimensions refer not to the origin, but to another point on the workpiece.

In order to avoid having to convert such dimensions, it is possible to specify them in incremental dimensions.

Incremental dimensions refer to the positional data for the previous point. Applied to tool movement this means:

The incremental dimensions describe the distance the tool is to travel.

Example for milling: The positional data for points P1 to P3 in incremental dimensions are: P1 corresponds to X20 Y35 ;(with reference to the

P2 corresponds to X30 Y20 ;(with reference to P1) P3 corresponds to X20 Y-35 ;(with reference to P2)

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zero point)

1520

Example for turning: The positional data for points P1 to P4 in incremental dimensions are: G90 P1 corresponds to X25 Z-7.5

;(with reference to the zero point)

G91 P2 corresponds to X15 Z-7.5

;(with reference to P1)

G91 P3 corresponds to Z-10 ;(with reference to P2) G91 P4 corresponds to X20 Z-10 ;(with reference to P3)

When DIAMOF or DIAM90 is active, the path setpoint is programmed as a radius dimension with G91.

7.5

Ø 60

Ø 40

Ø 25

7.5

Fundamental Geometrical Principles 11.02

1.1 Description of workpiece points

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1.1.6 Plane designations

A plane is defined by means of two coordinate axes. The third coordinate axis is perpendicular to this plane and determines the infeed direction of the tool (e.g. for 2½D machining).

When programming, it is necessary to specify the working plane in order that the control can calculate the tool offset values correctly. The plane is also relevant to certain types of circular programming and polar coordinates.

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Milling:

Turning:

The working planes are specified as follows in the NC program with G17, G18 and G19:

Plane Identifier Infeed direction

X/Y G17 Z Z/X G18 Y Y/Z G19 X

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11.02 Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.2 Position of zero points

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1.2 Position of zero points

The various origins and reference positions are defined on the NC machine. They are reference points

• for the machine to approach and

• refer to programming the workpiece dimensions.

They are: M = Machine zero A = Blocking point. Can coincide with the

workpiece zero (turning machines only) W = Workpiece zero = Program zero B = Start point. Can be defined for each program. Start point of the first tool for machining. R = Reference point. Position determined by cam and measuring system. The distance to

the machine zero M must be known, so

that the axis position can be set to exactly

this value at this position. The diagrams show the zero points and reference points for turning machines and drilling/milling machines.

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W1 W2

1.3 Position of coordinate systems

1.3.1 Overview of various coordinate systems

We distinguish between the following coordinate

systems:

• The machine coordinate system with the machine

zero M

• The basic coordinate system (this can also be the

workpiece coordinate system W)

• The workpiece coordinate system with the

workpiece zero W

• The current workpiece coordinate system with the

current offset workpiece zero Wa

In cases where various different machine coordinate

systems are in use (e.g. 5-axis transformation), an internal transformation function mirrors the machine kinematics on the coordinate system currently selected for programming.

Fundamental Geometrical Principles 11.02

1.3 Position of coordinate systems

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The individual axis identifiers are explained in the

subsection headed "Axis types" in this section.

Y+

X+

Z+

1-30 SINUMERIK 840D/840Di/810D Programming Guide Fundamentals (PG) – 11.02 Edition

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Specifications and Main Features

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