siemens 840D Programming Manual

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SINUMERIK

SINUMERIK 840D sl / 828D Job Planning

Programming Manual

Valid for

Control SINUMERIK 840D sl / 840DE sl SINUMERIK 828D

Software Version CNC software 4.5 SP2

Preface

Flexible NC programming File and Program

Management

Protection zones

Special motion commands Coordinate transformations

(frames)

Transformations

Kinematic chains Collision avoidance with

kinematic chains

Tool offsets

Path traversing behavior

Axis couplings

Synchronized actions

Oscillation

Punching and nibbling

Grinding

Additional functions User stock removal

programs Programming cycles

externally

Tables

Appendix

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

03/2013

6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1

Legal information Warning notice system

This manual contains notices you have to observe in order to ensure your personal safety, as well as to prevent damage to property. The notices referring to your personal safety are highlighted in the manual by a safety alert symbol, notices referring only to property damage have no safety alert symbol. These notices shown below are graded according to the degree of danger.

DANGER

indicates that death or severe personal injury will result if proper precautions are not taken.

WARNING

indicates that death or severe personal injury may result if proper precautions are not taken.

CAUTION

indicates that minor personal injury can result if proper precautions are not taken.

NOTICE indicates that property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken.

If more than one degree of danger is present, the warning notice representing the highest degree of danger will be used. A notice warning of injury to persons with a safety alert symbol may also include a warning relating to property damage.

Qualified Personnel

The product/system described in this documentation may be operated only by personnel qualified for the specific task in accordance with the relevant documentation, in particular its warning notices and safety instructions. Qualified personnel are those who, based on their training and experience, are capable of identifying risks and avoiding potential hazards when working with these products/systems.

Proper use of Siemens products

Note the following:

WARNING

Siemens products may only be used for the applications described in the catalog and in the relevant technical documentation. If products and components from other manufacturers are used, these must be recommended or approved by Siemens. Proper transport, storage, installation, assembly, commissioning, operation and maintenance are required to ensure that the products operate safely and without any problems. The permissible ambient conditions must be complied with. The information in the relevant documentation must be observed.

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All names identified by ® are registered trademarks of Siemens AG. The remaining trademarks in this publication may be trademarks whose use by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the owner.

Disclaimer of Liability

We have reviewed the contents of this publication to ensure consistency with the hardware and software described. Since variance cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full consistency. However, the information in this publication is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections are included in subsequent editions.

Siemens AG

Industry Sector Postfach 48 48 90026 NÜRNBERG GERMANY

Order number: 6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1 Ⓟ 04/2013 Technical data subject to change

Preface

SINUMERIK documentation

The SINUMERIK documentation is organized in the following categories:

● General documentation

● User documentation

● Manufacturer/service documentation

Additional information

You can find information on the following topics at www.siemens.com/motioncontrol/docu:

● Ordering documentation/overview of documentation

● Additional links to download documents

● Using documentation online (find and search in manuals/information)

Please send any questions about the technical documentation (e.g. suggestions for improvement, corrections) to the following address:

docu.motioncontrol@siemens.com

My Documentation Manager (MDM)

Under the following link you will find information to individually compile OEM-specific machine documentation based on the Siemens content:

www.siemens.com/mdm

Training

For information about the range of training courses, refer under:

● www.siemens.com/sitrain

SITRAIN - Siemens training for products, systems and solutions in automation technology

● www.siemens.com/sinutrain

SinuTrain - training software for SINUMERIK

Job Planning Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1

Preface

FAQs

You can find Frequently Asked Questions in the Service&Support pages under Product Support. http://support.automation.siemens.com

SINUMERIK

You can find information on SINUMERIK under the following link:

www.siemens.com/sinumerik

Target group

This publication is intended for:

● Programmers

● Project engineers

Benefits

With the programming manual, the target group can develop, write, test, and debug programs and software user interfaces.

Standard scope

This Programming Manual describes the functionality afforded by standard functions. Extensions or changes made by the machine tool manufacturer are documented by the machine tool manufacturer.

Other functions not described in this documentation might be executable in the control. This does not, however, represent an obligation to supply such functions with a new control or when servicing.

Further, for the sake of simplicity, this documentation does not contain all detailed information about all types of the product and cannot cover every conceivable case of installation, operation or maintenance.

Technical Support

You will find telephone numbers for other countries for technical support in the Internet under http://www.siemens.com/automation/service&support

Job Planning

4 Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1

Preface

Information on structure and contents

"Fundamentals" and "Job planning" Programming Manual

The description of the NC programming is divided into two manuals:

1. Fundamentals

The "Fundamentals" Programming Manual is intended for use by skilled machine operators with the appropriate expertise in drilling, milling and turning operations. Simple programming examples are used to explain the commands and statements which are also defined according to DIN 66025.

2. Job planning

This "Job planning" Programming Manual is intended for use by technicians with in-depth, comprehensive programming knowledge. By virtue of a special programming language, the SINUMERIK control enables the user to program complex workpiece programs (e.g. for free-form surfaces, channel coordination, ...) and makes programming of complicated operations easy for technologists.

Availability of the described NC language elements

All NC language elements described in the manual are available for the SINUMERIK 840D sl. The availability regarding SINUMERIK 828D can be found in table "Operations: Availability for SINUME

RIK 828D (Page 778)".

Job Planning Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1

Preface

Job Planning

6 Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1

Preface ...................................................................................................................................................... 3

1 Flexible

1.1 Variables

1.1.1 Sy

1.1.2 Predefined user

1.1.3 Predefined user

1.1.4 Definition of us

1.1.

1.1.6 Attribute: Initi

1.1.7 Attribute: Limi

1.1.8 Attribute: Phys

1.1.9 Attribute: Ac

1.1.10 O

1.1.11

1.1.12

1.1.13 D

1.1.14 E

1.1.15 C

1.1.16

1.2

1.2.1 Indirec

1.2.2 Indirec

1.2.3 Indirec

1.2.4 Indirec

NC programming ........................................................................................................................ 17

5 Redefinition of system variables, user variables, and NC language commands (REDEF).........29

verview of definable and redefinable attributes.........................................................................44

Definition and initialization of array variables (DEF, SET, REP) .................................................45

Definition and initialization of array variables (DEF, SET, REP): Further Information.................49

ata types....................................................................................................................................52

xplicit data type conversions (AXTOINT, INTTOAX).................................................................53

heck availability of a variable (ISVAR) ......................................................................................54

Read attribute values / data type (GETVARPHU, GETVARAP, GETVARLIM,

GETVARDFT, GETVARTYP) ......................................................................................................56

Indirec

......................................................................................................................................17

stem variable............................................................................................................................17

variables: Arithmetic parameters (R).................................................................20

variables: Link variables....................................................................................21

er variables (DEF)................................................................................................24

alization value .........................................................................................................32

t values (LLI, ULI)...................................................................................................35

ical unit (PHU) ......................................................................................................37

cess rights (APR, APW, APRP, APWP, APRB, APWB)..........................................39

t programming ...................................................................................................................61

tly programming addresses...............................................................................................61

tly programming G codes..................................................................................................64

tly programming position attributes (GP) ..........................................................................65

tly programming part program lines (EXECSTRING) .......................................................68

1.3 Arithmetic

1.4 Compari

1.5 Prec

1.6 Variabl

1.7 Priority of the operations

1.8 Pos

1.9 String operations

1.9.1 Ty

1.9.2 Ty

1.9.3 Conc

1.9.4 Conv

1.9.5 Determine length

1.9.6 Search for

1.9.7 Selec

1.9.8 Reading and

1.9.9 Formatting a s

Job Planning Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1

pe conversion to STRING (AXSTRING) ..................................................................................78

pe conversion from STRING (NUMBER, ISNUMBER, AXNAME) ..........................................79

functions......................................................................................................................69

son and logic operations ................................................................................................71

ision correction on comparison errors (TRUNC) ..................................................................73

e minimum, maximum and range (MINVAL, MAXVAL and BOUND) ..............................74

..............................................................................................................76

sible type conversions ...........................................................................................................77

..........................................................................................................................78

atenation of strings (<<).......................................................................................................81

ersion to lower/upper case letters (TOLOWER, TOUPPER) ..............................................82

of string (STRLEN)..........................................................................................83

character/string in the string (INDEX, RINDEX, MINDEX, MATCH)..........................83

tion of a substring (SUBSTR) .............................................................................................85

writing of individual characters ...............................................................................85

tring (SPRINT) ......................................................................................................87

Table of contents

1.10 Program jumps and branches..................................................................................................... 96

1.10.1 Return jump to the start of the program (GOTOS)...................................................................... 96

1.10.2

1.10.3 Program branc

Program jumps to jump markers (GOTOB, GOTOF, GOTO, GOTOC)...................................... 97

h (CASE ... OF ... DEFAULT ...)........................................................................ 100

1.11 R

1.12 C

1.12.1 Conditional st

1.12.2 Continuous

1.12.3 Count loop (F

1.12.4

epeat program section (REPEAT, REPEATB, ENDLABEL, P).............................................. 102

heck structures ....................................................................................................................... 108

atement and branch (IF, ELSE, ENDIF) ............................................................. 110

program loop (LOOP, ENDLOOP)......................................................................... 111

OR ... TO ..., ENDFOR) ...................................................................................... 112

Program loop with condition at start of loop (WHILE, ENDWHILE).......................................... 114

1.12.5 Program loop with condition at the end of the loop (RE

1.12.6 Program ex

1.13

1.14 I

Program coordination (INIT, START, WAITM, WAITMC, WAITE, SETM, CLEARM) .............. 116

nterrupt routine (ASUB)............................................................................................................ 121

1.14.1 Func

1.14.2 Creating an interrupt routine

1.14.3

1.14.4

Assign and start interrupt routine (SETINT, PRIO, BLSYNC) .................................................. 124

Deactivating/reactivating the assignment of an interrupt routine (DISABLE, ENABLE)........... 125

1.14.5 Delete ass

1.14.6

1.14.7

Fast retraction from the contour (SETINT LIFTFAST, ALF) ..................................................... 127

Traversing direction for fast retraction from the contour........................................................... 129

1.14.8 Motion s

1.15 Ax

is replacement, spindle replacement (RELEASE, GET, GETD)........................................... 132

1.16 Transfer axi

1.17 A

ctivate machine data (NEWCONF)......................................................................................... 138

ample with nested check structures ....................................................................... 115

tion of an interrupt routine ................................................................................................. 121

..................................................................................................... 123

ignment of interrupt routine (CLRINT) ..................................................................... 126

equence for interrupt routines ..................................................................................... 132

s to another channel (AXTOCHAN)....................................................................... 137

PEAT, UNTIL) .................................... 115

1.18 Write file (WRITE)

1.19 D

1.20 R

1.21 C

1.22

1.23 R

elete file (DELETE)................................................................................................................. 144

ead lines in the file (READ) .................................................................................................... 146

heck for presence of file (ISFILE)........................................................................................... 148

Read out file information (FILEDATE, FILETIME, FILESIZE, FILESTAT, FILEINFO) ............. 150

oundup (ROUNDUP).............................................................................................................. 153

..................................................................................................................... 139

1.24 Subprogram technique

1.24.1 General information

1.24.1.1 Subprogram

1.24.1.2 Subprogram

1.24.1.3 Nes

1.24.1.4 Searc

ting of subprograms............................................................................................................ 156

h path............................................................................................................................... 157

.............................................................................................................................. 154

names................................................................................................................... 155

1.24.1.5 Formal and ac

1.24.1.6 Parameter trans

1.24.2 Definition of a s

1.24.2.1 Subprogram

1.24.2.2

1.24.2.3

1.24.2.4 Sav

Subprogram with call-by-value parameter transfer (PROC)..................................................... 162

Subprogram with call-by-reference parameter transfer (PROC, VAR)..................................... 163

e modal G functions (SAVE)............................................................................................... 166

1.24.2.5 Suppress si

without parameter transfer ................................................................................... 161

ngle block execution (SBLOF, SBLON) ................................................................. 167

................................................................................................................... 154

tual parameters .................................................................................................. 158

fer .................................................................................................................... 159

ubprogram........................................................................................................ 161

.............................................................................................................. 154

Job Planning

8 Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1

Table of contents

1.24.2.6 Suppress current block display (DISPLOF, DISPLON, ACTBLOCNO).....................................172

1.24.2.7 Identifying subprograms with preparation (PREPRO) ...............................................................175

1.24.2.8 Subprogram return M17

1.24.2.9 RET s

1.24.2.10 P

1.24.3 Subprogram

1.24.3.1 Subprogram

1.24.3.2 Subprogram

ubprogram return .............................................................................................................177

arameterizable subprogram return jump (RET ...) .............................................................178

call.........................................................................................................................184

call without parameter transfer..............................................................................184

call with parameter transfer (EXTERN).................................................................187

1.24.3.3 Number of program repetitions

1.24.3.4 Modal subprogram

1.24.3.5 Indirec

1.24.3.6

Indirect subprogram call with specification of the calling program part (CALL BLOCK ...

t subprogram call (CALL) ................................................................................................193

.............................................................................................................176

(P) ............................................................................................189

call (MCALL) ...............................................................................................191

TO ...) .........................................................................................................................................194

1.24.3.7

1.24.3.8

1.24.3.9 Extend

1.24.3.10 E

1.24.3.11 E

Indirect call of a program programmed in ISO language (ISOCALL)........................................195

Call subprogram with path specification and parameters (PCALL)...........................................196

search path for subprogram calls (CALLPATH)............................................................197

xecute external subprogram (840D sl) (EXTCALL)............................................................198

xecute external subprogram (828D) (EXTCALL) ...............................................................202

1.25 Macro techni

2 File and Program Mana

2.1 Program memory

2.2 Work

3 P

rotection zones.................................................................................................................................... 217

ing memory (CHANDATA, COMPLETE, INITIAL) ............................................................213

3.1 Defining the protec

3.2 Ac

3.3 Che

tivating/deactivating protection zones (CPROT, NPROT).....................................................220

cking for protection zone violation, working area limitation and software limit switches

que (DEFINE ... AS)..............................................................................................205

gement ............................................................................................................. 209

.......................................................................................................................209

tion zones (CPROTDEF, NPROTDEF) .......................................................217

(CALCPOSI)...............................................................................................................................224

4 S

pecial motion commands..................................................................................................................... 229

4.1 Approaching

coded positions (CAC, CIC, CDC, CACP, CACN) ...............................................229

4.2 Spline interpolation (ASPLINE, BSPLINE, CSPLINE,

ENAT, ETAN, PW, SD, PL) .......................................................................................................230

4.3 Spline group (SPLINEPAT

4.4 NC bl

4.5 Poly

4.6 Settable path refe

ock compression (COMPON, COMPCURV, COMPCAD, COMPOF)..............................241

nomial interpolation (POLY, POLYPATH, PO, PL).............................................................244

rence (SPATH, UPATH)................................................................................250

H).....................................................................................................240

BAUTO, BNAT, BTAN, EAUTO,

4.7 Measuri

4.8 Ax

4.9 Spec

4.10

Feedrate reduction with corner deceleration (FENDNORM, G62, G621) .................................267

4.11 P

ng with touch-trigger probe (MEAS, MEAW) ................................................................253

ial measurement (MEASA, MEAWA, MEAC) (option)...........................................................256

ial functions for OEM users (OMA1 ... OMA5, OEMIPO1, OEMIPO2, G810 ... G829).....266

rogrammable end of motion criteria (FINEA, COARSEA, IPOENDA, IPOBRKA,

ADISPOSA)................................................................................................................................268

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Table of contents

5 Coordinate transformations (frames) ..................................................................................................... 271

5.1 Coordinate transformation via frame variables ......................................................................... 271

5.1.1 Predefin

ed frame variable ($P_IFRAME, $P_BFRAME, $P_PFRAME, $P_ACTFRAME)....... 273

5.2 Frame

5.2.1 As

5.2.2 Reading and

5.2.3 Link

5.2.4 Defining new

5.3 Coarse and fine offs

5.4 Ex

5.5 Preset offs

5.6 Frame

5.7 NCU global frames

5.7.1 Channel

5.7.2 Frames

6 Tran

sformations..................................................................................................................................... 299

variables / assigning values to frames........................................................................... 278

signing direct values (axis value, angle, scale) .................................................................... 278

changing frame components (TR, FI, RT, SC, MI).............................................. 280

ing complete frames ........................................................................................................... 282

frames (DEF FRAME) ......................................................................................... 283

ets (CFINE, CTRANS).............................................................................. 284

ternal zero offset ................................................................................................................... 286

et with PRESETON.................................................................................................. 287

calculation from three measuring points in space (MEAFRAME) ................................. 288

.................................................................................................................... 292

-specific frames ($P_CHBFR, $P_UBFR) ................................................................... 293

active in the channel .................................................................................................... 294

6.1 General programming of trans

6.1.1 Orientation mov

6.1.2 Ov

erview of orientation transformation TRAORI....................................................................... 305

6.2 Three, four and fiv

6.2.1 General relationships

6.2.2 Three, four and fiv

6.2.3 Variant

s of orientation programming and initial setting (ORIRESET)....................................... 311

ements for transformations.............................................................................. 301

e axis transformation (TRAORI) .................................................................. 307

of universal tool head............................................................................. 307

e axis transformation (TRAORI) .................................................................. 310

6.2.4 Programming the tool orientation (A..., B

6.2.5 Face milli

6.2.6 Referenc

ng (A4, B4, C4, A5, B5, C5)....................................................................................... 319

e of the orientation axes (ORIWKS, ORIMKS):.......................................................... 321

6.2.7 Programming orientation ax

ORIVIRT1, ORIVIRT2).............................................................................................................. 323

6.2.8

Orientatio

n programming along the peripheral surface of a taper (ORIPLANE,

ORICONCW, ORICONCCW, ORICONTO, ORICONIO).......................................................... 326

6.2.9

Specification

of orientation for two contact points (ORICURVE, PO[XH]=, PO[YH]=,

PO[ZH]=) ................................................................................................................................... 329

formation types ......................................................................... 299

..., C..., LEAD, TILT) ................................................. 313

es (ORIAXES, ORIVECT, ORIEULER, ORIRPY, ORIRPY2,

6.3

6.4 Rotation

6.5 Orientations

Orientation polynomial

s of the tool orientation (ORIROTA, ORIROTR, ORIROTT, ORIROTC, THETA)....... 333

relative to the path ................................................................................................ 336

6.5.1 Orientation types relative to the path

6.5.2 Rotation of the tool orient

s (PO[angle], PO[coordinate])............................................................... 331

........................................................................................ 336

ation relative to the path (ORIPATH, ORIPATHS, angle of

rotation) ..................................................................................................................................... 337

6.5.3

Interpolatio

6.5.4 Smoothing of

6.6 Comp

6.7 Smoothing th

6.8 Kinematic

6.8.1 Milling on turned parts (TRANSMIT):

Job Planning

n of the tool rotation relative to the path (ORIROTC, THETA)................................ 339

orientation characteristic (ORIPATHS A8=, B8=, C8=) ...................................... 341

ression of the orientation (COMPON, COMPCURV, COMPCAD).................................. 342

e orientation characteristic (ORISON, ORISOF) ................................................. 344

transformation .......................................................................................................... 347

........................................................................................ 347

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Table of contents

6.8.2 Cylinder surface transformation (TRACYL) ...............................................................................349

6.8.3 Inclined axis (TRAANG).............................................................................................................357

6.8.4 Inc

lined axis programming (G5, G7)..........................................................................................360

6.9 Cartes

ian PTP travel..................................................................................................................362

6.9.1 PTP for TRANSMIT

onstraints when selecting a transformation.............................................................................370

eselecting a transformation (TRAFOOF) ................................................................................371

hained transformations (TRACON, TRAFOOF)......................................................................371

7 K

6.10 C

6.11 D

6.12 C

inematic chains.................................................................................................................................... 375

7.1 Deletion of components (DELOBJ)

7.2 Index determi

8 Collision a

voidance with kinematic chains ............................................................................................. 379

8.1 Check

8.2 Req

uesting a recalculation of the collision model (PROTA)......................................................380

8.3 Setting the protec

8.4 Determining the c

9 Tool

offsets............................................................................................................................................ 385

9.1 Offs

et memory............................................................................................................................385

9.2 Additiv

9.2.1 Selec

9.2.2 Specify

9.2.3 Delete additive offs

for collision pair (COLLPAIR) .........................................................................................379

e offsets...........................................................................................................................388

ting additive offsets (DL) ...................................................................................................388

nation by means of names (NAMETOINT) ..........................................................377

tion zone status (PROTS)..............................................................................382

learance of two protection zones (PROTD)...................................................383

wear and setup values ($TC_SCPxy[t,d], $TC_ECPxy[t,d]).........................................389

ets (DELDL).................................................................................................390

...................................................................................................................366

............................................................................................375

9.3 Special handl

9.3.1 Mirroring of tool lengths

9.3.2 Wear s

9.3.3 Coo

rdinate system of the active machining operation (TOWSTD, TOWMCS, TOWWCS,

ing of tool offsets ..................................................................................................391

.............................................................................................................393

ign evaluation .................................................................................................................394

TOWBCS, TOWTCS, TOWKCS)...............................................................................................395

9.3.4

Tool length a

9.4 Online tool of

9.5 Ac

tivate 3D tool offsets (CUT3DC..., CUT3DF...)......................................................................404

9.5.1 Activating 3

9.5.2 3D tool offset

9.5.3 3D tool offset

9.5.4 3D tool offset

9.5.5 3D tool offset

9.5.6 3D tool offset

9.5.7 3D tool offset

9.6 Tool ori

9.7 Free assignm

9.7.1 Free a

9.7.2 Free a

9.7.3 Free a

Job Planning Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-2BP40-3BA1

nd plane change....................................................................................................398

fset (PUTFTOCF, FCTDEF, PUTFTOC, FTOCON, FTOCOF)............................399

D tool offsets (CUT3DC, CUT3DF, CUT3DFS, CUT3DFF, ISD)............................404

peripheral milling, face milling .............................................................................406

Tool shapes and tool data for face milling...........................................................408

Offset on the path, path curvature, insertion depth (CUT3DC, ISD)...................409

Inside/outside corners and intersection procedure (G450/G451) .......................412

3D circumferential milling with limitation surfaces...............................................413

: Taking into consideration a limitation surface (CUT3DCC, CUT3DCCD)..........414

entation (ORIC, ORID, OSOF, OSC, OSS, OSSE, ORIS, OSD, OST).........................418

ent of D numbers, cutting edge numbers.............................................................424

ssignment of D numbers, cutting edge numbers (CE address) ......................................424

ssignment of D numbers: Checking D numbers (CHKDNO)...........................................424

ssignment of D numbers: Rename D numbers (GETDNO, SETDNO)...........................425

Table of contents

9.7.4 Free assignment of D numbers: Determine T number to the specified D number

(GETACTTD) ............................................................................................................................ 426

9.7.5 Free ass

ignment of D numbers: Invalidate D numbers (DZERO) ............................................ 427

9.8 Toolholder k

9.9 Tool length

TCOFRX, TCOFRY, TCOFRZ)................................................................................................. 433

9.10 O

9.11

10 Path trav

10.1

nline tool length compensation (TOFFON, TOFFOF)............................................................ 436

Cutting data modification for tools that can be rotated (CUTMOD) .......................................... 439

ersing behavior........................................................................................................................ 445

Tangential control (TANG, TANGON, TANGOF, TLIFT, TANGDEL)....................................... 445

10.2 Feedrate charac

10.3 Accel

10.3.1 Accel

10.3.2

10.3.3

eration behavior................................................................................................................ 457

eration mode (BRISK, BRISKA, SOFT, SOFTA, DRIVE, DRIVEA) ................................ 457

Influence of acceleration on following axes (VELOLIMA, ACCLIMA, JERKLIMA)................... 459

Activation of technology-specific dynamic values (DYNNORM, DYNPOS, DYNROUGH,

DYNSEMIFIN, DYNFINISH) ..................................................................................................... 461

10.4

Traversing wi

10.5 Programmable c

10.6

Program sequence with preprocessing memory (STOPFIFO, STARTFIFO, FIFOCTRL,

STOPRE) .................................................................................................................................. 466

10.7

Program sections that can be conditionally interrupted (DELAYFSTON, DELAYFSTOF)....... 469

10.8 Prevent program pos

inematics ............................................................................................................... 427

compensation for orientable toolholders (TCARR, TCOABS, TCOFR,

teristic (FNORM, FLIN, FCUB, FPO).............................................................. 452

th feedforward control (FFWON, FFWOF) .......................................................... 463

ontour accuracy (CPRECON, CPRECOF)..................................................... 464

ition for SERUPRO (IPTRLOCK, IPTRUNLOCK)................................... 474

10.9

Repositioning to the contour (REPOSA, REPOSL, REPOSQ, REPOSQA, REPOSH,

REPOSHA, DISR, DISPR, RMIBL, RMBBL, RMEBL, RMNBL)............................................... 476

10.10 I

10.10.1 Percentage jerk

10.10.2 Percentage veloc

nfluencing the motion control ................................................................................................... 484

correction (JERKLIM) ..................................................................................... 484

ity correction (VELOLIM)............................................................................... 486

10.10.3 Program example for JE

Programmable contour/orientation tolerance (CTOL, OTOL, ATOL) ....................................... 488

olerance for G0 motion (STOLF) ............................................................................................ 492

lock change behavior with active coupling (CPBC)................................................................ 494

11 A

10.11

10.12 T

10.13 B

xis couplings........................................................................................................................................ 495

11.1 Coupled motion (TRAILON, TRAILOF)

11.2 Curv

11.2.1 Define

11.2.2 Check

11.2.3 Delete

11.2.4

11.2.5

e tables (CTAB)................................................................................................................. 500

curve tables (CTABDEF, CATBEND)............................................................................ 501

for presence of curve table (CTABEXISTS) .................................................................. 507

curve tables (CTABDEL) ............................................................................................... 507

Locking curve tables to prevent deletion and overwriting (CTABLOCK, CTABUNLOCK) ....... 509

Curve tables: Determine table properties (CTABID, CTABISLOCK, CTABMEMTYP,

CTABPERIOD).......................................................................................................................... 510

11.2.6

Read curve table values (CTABTSV, CTABTEV, CTABTSP, CTABTEP, CTABSSV,

CTABSEV, CTAB, CTABINV, CTABTMIN, CTABTMAX)......................................................... 512

RKLIM and VELOLIM......................................................................... 488

..................................................................................... 495

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11.2.7 Curve tables: Check use of resources (CTABNO, CTABNOMEM, CTABFNO, CTABSEGID, CTABSEG, CTABFSEG, CTABMSEG, CTABPOLID, CTABPOL,

CTABFPOL, CTABMPOL).........................................................................................................517

11.3

ial master value coupling (LEADON, LEADOF) ....................................................................518

11.4 Elec

11.4.1 Defining an electronic

11.4.2

11.4.3 Switching-i

11.4.4

11.4.5 Rotational feedrate

11.5 Sy

11.5.1

tronic gear (EG) ..................................................................................................................523

gear (EGDEF) ........................................................................................524

Switch-in the electronic gearbox (EGON, EGONSYN, EGONSYNE).......................................525

n the electronic gearbox (EGOFS, EGOFC) ............................................................529

Deleting the definition of an electronic gear (EGDEL)...............................................................530

(G95) / electronic gear (FPR).....................................................................530

nchronous spindle..................................................................................................................531

Synchronous spindle: Programming (COUPDEF, COUPDEL, COUPON, COUPONC,

COUPOF, COUPOFS, COUPRES, WAITC).............................................................................531

Generic

Master/slave coupling (MASLDEF, MASLDEL, MASLON, MASLOF, MASLOFS) ...................549

12 S

11.6

11.7

ynchronized actions............................................................................................................................. 553

12.1 Definition of a s

13 Oscillation

.............................................................................................................................................. 555

coupling (CP...).............................................................................................................541

ynchronized action ............................................................................................553

13.1 Asynchronous oscillation (OS, OSP1, OSP2, OST1, OST2, OSCTRL, OSNS

OSB) ..........................................................................................................................................555

13.2 Oscillation

14 P

unching and nibbling ........................................................................................................................... 569

14.1 Ac

14.1.1 Punc

tivation, deactivation ..............................................................................................................569

controlled by synchronized actions (OSCILL)..........................................................560

hing and nibbling on or off (SPOF, SON, PON, SONS, PONS, PDELAYON,

PDELAYOF, PUNCHACC) ........................................................................................................569

C, OSE,

14.2

Automatic

14.2.1 Path s

14.2.2 Path s

15 Gri

nding................................................................................................................................................. 581

15.1

Grinding-specific tool monitoring in the part program (TMON, TMOF)......................................581

16 Additional fun

16.1 Ax

is functions (AXNAME, AX, SPI, AXTOSPI, ISAXIS, AXSTRING, MODAXVAL) .................583

16.2 Repl

16.3 Ax

is container (AXCTSWE, AXCTSWED, AXCTSWEC) ..........................................................590

16.4 Wait for valid

16.5 Programmable parameter

16.6 Check

16.7

Interactively call the window from the part program (MMC) ......................................................598

16.8 Program runtime/part c

path segmentation ....................................................................................................574

egmentation for path axes ...............................................................................................577

egmentation for single axes.............................................................................................579

ctions................................................................................................................................ 583

aceable geometry axes (GEOAX)......................................................................................585

axis position (WAITENC) .....................................................................................592

set changeover (SCPARA)..............................................................593

scope of NC language present (STRINGIS)...................................................................594

ounter....................................................................................................600

16.8.1 Program runtime/part count

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er (overview) ..................................................................................600

Table of contents

16.8.2 Program runtime ....................................................................................................................... 600

16.8.3 Workpiece counter .................................................................................................................... 604

16.9 Process

16.10 Alarms

16.11 E

xtended stop and retract (ESR) .............................................................................................. 616

16.11.1 NC-controlled ESR

16.11.1.1

DataShare - output to an external device/file (EXTOPEN, WRITE, EXTCLOSE)...... 605

(SETAL) ........................................................................................................................ 614

.................................................................................................................... 617

NC-controlled retraction (POLF, POLFA, POLFMASK, POLFMLIN) .................................. 617

16.11.1.2 NC-controlled stopping

16.11.2 Driv

e-integrated ESR ................................................................................................................ 622

16.11.2.1 Configuring drive-integrated stoppi

16.11.2.2 Configuring driv

17 Use

r stock removal programs................................................................................................................ 625

17.1 Supporting function

e-integrated retraction (ESRS) ................................................................... 623

s for stock removal..................................................................................... 625

17.2 Generate contour table (CONTP

17.3 Generate coded c

17.4

17.5

17.6 Calc

Determine point of intersection between two contour elements (INTERSEC) ......................... 635

Execute the contour elements of a table block-by-block (EXECTAB)...................................... 637

ulate circle data (CALCDAT) ............................................................................................. 638

17.7 Deac

18 P

rogramming cycles externally.............................................................................................................. 641

18.1 Tec

hnology cycles..................................................................................................................... 641

18.1.1 Introduc

18.1.2 Drilling, centering -

tivate contour preparation (EXECUTE) ............................................................................ 640

tion ............................................................................................................................... 641

ontour table (CONTDCON) .......................................................................... 632

CYCLE81 ................................................................................................... 642

18.1.3 Drilling, counterboring - CY

18.1.4 Reaming -

18.1.5 Deep-hole drilling - CY

18.1.6 Boring -

CYCLE85................................................................................................................. 644

CLE83................................................................................................... 645

CYCLE86..................................................................................................................... 648

18.1.7 Tapping without compensating chuck -

18.1.8 Tapping with

compensating chuck - CYCLE840....................................................................... 652

18.1.9 Thread milling - CYCLE78

18.1.10 F

18.1.11 R

18.1.12 G

18.1.13 C

18.1.14 Face milling - CYCLE61

18.1.15 M

18.1.16 Milling a ci

18.1.17 R

18.1.18 C

reely programmable positions - CYCLE802 ........................................................................... 656

ow of holes - HOLES1............................................................................................................ 657

rid or frame - CYCLE801........................................................................................................ 658

ircle of holes - HOLES2.......................................................................................................... 659

............................................................................................................ 661

illing a rectangular pocket - POCKET3 .................................................................................. 662

rcular pocket - POCKET4......................................................................................... 665

ectangular spigot milling - CYCLE76...................................................................................... 667

ircular spigot milling - CYCLE77............................................................................................. 669

18.1.19 Multiple-edge - CYCLE79

18.1.20 Longitudinal

18.1.21 C

ircumferential slot - SLOT2..................................................................................................... 675

slot - SLOT1.......................................................................................................... 673

18.1.22 Mill open slot - CYCLE899

18.1.23 E

18.1.24 T

18.1.25 E

longated hole - LONGHOLE................................................................................................... 679

hread milling - CYCLE70 ........................................................................................................ 681

ngraving cycle - CYCLE60...................................................................................................... 683

........................................................................................................ 621

ng (ESRS)..................................................................... 622

RON) ..................................................................................... 626

CLE82............................................................................................ 643

CYCLE84 ................................................................... 649

........................................................................................................ 654

......................................................................................................... 671

........................................................................................................ 677

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18.1.26 Contour call - CYCLE62.............................................................................................................685

18.1.27 Path milling - CYCLE72 .............................................................................................................685

18.1.28 P

18.1.29 Milling a contour pocket -

18.1.30 S

18.1.31 G

18.1.32 U

18.1.33 Thread turning - CYCLE99

18.1.34 T

18.1.35 C

18.1.36 C

18.1.37 C

18.1.38 S

18.1.39 H

redrilling a contour pocket - CYCLE64....................................................................................688

CYCLE63..........................................................................................689

tock removal - CYCLE951.......................................................................................................692

roove - CYCLE930 ..................................................................................................................694

ndercut forms - CYCLE940 .....................................................................................................696

........................................................................................................699

hread chain - CYCLE98...........................................................................................................702

ut-off - CYCLE92 .....................................................................................................................705

ontour cutting - CYCLE95 .......................................................................................................706

ontour grooving - CYCLE952 ..................................................................................................708

wiveling - CYCLE800...............................................................................................................712

igh Speed Settings - CYCLE832.............................................................................................714

19 Tables

19.1 Operations

19.2 Operations: Availability for

19.3 Currently set language in t

.................................................................................................................................................... 717

..................................................................................................................................717

SINUMERIK 828D ..........................................................................778

he HMI .............................................................................................802

A Appendix.....................................................

A.1 List of abbreviations

A.2 Doc

lossary ................................................................................................................................................ 813

ndex...................................................................................................................................................... 835

umentation overview............................................................................................................812

...................................................................................................................803

........................................................................................... 803

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1.1 Variables

The use of variables, especially in conjunction with arithmetic functions and check structures, enables part programs and cycles to be set up with extremely high levels of flexibility. The system provides three different types of variables.

● System variables

System variables are variables with a fixed predefined meaning; they are defined in the system and made available to the user. They are also read and written by the system software. Example: Machine data

The meaning of a system variable is permanently set by the system. However, minor modifications can be made to the properties by the user in the form of redefinition. See "Redefinition of system variables, user variables, and NC language (Page 29)"

● User variable

User variables are variables whose meaning is not known to the system; they are not evaluated by the system. The meaning is defined exclusively by the user.

User variables are subdivided into:

ands (REDEF)

comm

– Predefined user variables

Predefined user variables are variables which have already been defined in the system and whose number simply has to be parameterized by the user via specific machine data. The user can make significant changes to the properties of these variables. See "Redefinition of system variables, user variables, and NC language comm

ands (REDEF) (Page 29)".

– User-defined

User-defined variables are variables which are defined exclusively by the user and are not created by the system until runtime. Their number, data type, visibility, and all other properties are defined exclusively by the user.

See "Definition of user variables (DEF) (Page 24)"

1.1.1 System variable

System variables are variables which are predefined in the system and enable access to the current parameter settings of the control, as well as to machine, control, and process states, in part programs and cycles.

variables

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1.1 Variables

Preprocessing variables

Preprocessing variables are system variables that are read and written in the context of preprocessing; in other words, at the point in time at which the part program block in which the system variable is programmed is interpreted. Preprocessing variables do not trigger preprocessing stops.

Main run variables

Main run variables are system variables which are read and written in the context of the main run; in other words at the point in time at which the part program block in which the system variable is programmed is executed. The following are main run variables:

● System variables which can be programmed in synchronized actions (read/write)

● System variables which can be programmed in the part program and trigger preprocessing stops (read/write)

● System variables which can be programmed in the part program and whose value is calculated during preprocessing but not written until the main run (main run synchronized: write only)

Prefix system

In order that they can be specifically identified, the names of system variables are usually preceded by a prefix comprising the $ sign followed by one or two letters and an underscore.

$ + 1st letter Meaning: Data type System variables which are read/written during preprocessing $M Machine data 1) $S Setting data, protection zones 1) $T Tool management data $P Programmed values $C Cycle variables of ISO envelope cycles $O Option data R R-parameters (arithmetic parameters) 2) System variables which are read/written during the main run $$M Machine data 1) $$S Setting data 1) $A Current main run data $V Servo data $R R-parameters (arithmetic parameters) 2)

Whether machine and setting data is treated as preprocessing or main run variables depends on whether they are written with one or two $ characters. The notation is freely selectable for the specific application.

When an R-parameter is used in the part program/cycle as a preprocessing variable, the prefix is omitted, e.g. R10. When it is used in a synchronized action as a main run variable, a $ sign is written as a prefix, e.g. $R10.

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1.1 Variables

2nd letter Meaning: Visibility N NCK-global variable (NCK) C Channel-specific variable (Channel) A Axis-specific variable (Axis)

Supplementary conditions

Exceptions in the prefix system

The following system of variables deviate from the prefix system specified above:

● $TC_...: Here, the 2nd letter C does not refer to channel-specific system variables but to toolholder-specific system variables (TC= tool carrier).

● $P_ ...: Channel-specific system variables

Use of machine and setting data in synchronized actions

When machine and setting data is used in synchronized actions, the prefix can be used to define whether the machine or setting data will be read/written synchronous to the preprocessing run or the main run.

References

If the data remains unchanged during machining, it can be read synchronous to the preprocessing run. For this purpose, the machine or setting data prefix is written with a $ sign:

ID=1 WHENEVER $AA_IM[z] < $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z]–6 DO $AA_OVR[X]=0

If the data changes during machining, it must be read/written synchronous to the main run. For this purpose, the machine or setting data prefix is written with two $ signs:

ID=1 WHENEVER $AA_IM[z] < $$SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2[Z]–6 DO $AA_OVR[X]=0

Note Writing machine data

When writing an item of machine or setting data, it is important to ensure that the access level which is active when the part program/cycle is executed permits write access and that the data is set to take "IMMEDIATE" effect.

A list of the properties of all system variables appears in:

Parameter Manual, System Variables

See also

Variables (Page 17)

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1.1 Variables

1.1.2 Predefined user variables: Arithmetic parameters (R)

Function

Arithmetic parameters or R parameters are predefined user variables with the designation R, defined as an array of the REAL data type. For historical reasons, notation both with array index, e.g.

R[10], and without array index, e.g. R10, is permitted for R parameters.

Syntax

Meaning

When using synchronized actions, the $ sign must be included as a prefix, e.g.

$R10.

When used as a preprocessing variable:

R<n> R[<expression>]

When used as a main run variable:

$R<n> $R[<expression>]

R: Identifier when used as a preprocessing variable, e.g. in the part program $R: Identifier when used as a main run variable, e.g. in synchronized actions

Type: REAL Range of values: For a non-exponential notation:

± (0.000 0001 ... 9999 9999) Note:

A maximum of 8 decimal places are permitted.

For an exponential notation:

± (1*10

-300

... 1*10

+300

)

Note:

 Notation: <Mantisse>EX<exponent> e.g. 8.2EX-3  A maximum of 10 characters are permitted including

sign and decimal point.

<n>:

Number of the R parameter Type: INT Range of values: 0 - MAX_INDEX

Note MAX_INDEX is calculated from the parameterized number of R-parameters: MAX_INDEX = (MD28050 $MN_MM_NUM_R_PARAM) - 1

<expression>: Array index

Any expression can be used as an array index, as long as the result of the expression can be converted to the INT data type (INT, REAL, BOOL, CHAR).

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1.1 Variables

Example

Assignments to R-parameters and use of R-parameters in mathematical functions:

Program code Comment

R0=3.5678 ; Assignment in preprocessing

R[1]=-37.3 ; Assignment in preprocessing

R3=-7 ; Assignment in preprocessing

$R4=-0.1EX-5 ; Assignment in main run: R4 = -0.1 * 10^-5

$R[6]=1.874EX8 ; Assignment in main run: R6 = 1.874 * 10^8

R7=SIN(25.3) ; Assignment in preprocessing

R[R2]=R10 ; Indirect addressing using R-parameter

R[(R1+R2)*R3]=5 ; Indirect addressing using math. expression

X=(R1+R2) ; Traverse axis X to the position resulting from the

sum of R1 and R2

Z=SQRT(R1*R1+R2*R2) ; Traverse axis Z to the square root position (R1^2 +

R2^2)

See also

Variables (Page 17)

1.1.3 Predefined user variables: Link variables

Function

Link variables can be used in the context of the "NCU-Link" function for cyclic data exchange between NCUs which are linked on a network. They facilitate data-format-specific access to the link variables memory. The link variables memory is defined both in terms of size and data structure on a system-specific basis by the user/machine manufacturer.

Link variables are system-global user variables which can be read and written in part programs and cycles by all NCUs involved in a link if link communication has been configured. Unlike global user variables (GUD), link variables can also be used in synchronized actions.

On systems without an active NCU link, link variables can be used locally on the controller as additional global user variables alongside global user variables (GUD).

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1.1 Variables

Syntax

$A_DLB[<index>] $A_DLW[<index>] $A_DLD[<index>] $A_DLR[<index>]

Meaning

$A_DLB:

$A_DLW:

$A_DLD:

$A_DLR:

<index>:

Link variable for BYTE data format (1 byte) Data type: UINT Range of values: 0 ... 255 Link variable for WORD data format (2 bytes) Data type: INT Range of values: -32768 ... 32767 Link variable for DWORD data format (4 bytes) Data type: INT Range of values: -2147483648 ... 2147483647 Link variable for REAL data format (8 bytes) Data type: REAL Range of values: ±(2.2*10

-308

… 1.8*10

+308

) Address index in bytes, counted from the start of the link variable memory Data type: INT Range of values: 0 - MAX_INDEX

Note  MAX_INDEX is calculated from the parameterized size

of the link variables memory: MAX_INDEX = (MD18700 $MN_MM_SIZEOF_LINKVAR_DATA) - 1

 Only indices may be programmed, so that the bytes

addressed in the link variables memory are located on a data format limit ⇒ Index = n * bytes, where n = 0, 1, 2, etc.

$A_DLB[i]: i = 0, 1, 2, ...

– –

$A_DLW[i]: i = 0, 2, 4, ...

–

$A_DLD[i]: i = 0, 4, 8, ...

–

$A_DLR[i]: i = 0, 8, 16, ...

Example

An automation system contains 2 NCUs (NCU1 and NCU2). Machine axis AX2 is connected to NCU1. It is traversed as a link axis of NCU2.

NCU1 writes the actual current value ($VA_CURR) of axis AX2 cyclically to the link variables memory. NCU2 reads the actual current value transmitted via link communication cyclically and displays alarm 61000 if the limit value is exceeded.

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1.1 Variables

The data structure in the link variables memory is illustrated in the following figure. The actual current value is transmitted in the REAL value.

/LQNYDULDEOHVPHPRU\ 0'01B00B6,=(2)B/,1.9$5B'$7$ 

,QGH[ 

%<7( %<7( :25' ':25'





':25' ':25'

5($/

NCU1 NCU1 uses link variable $A_DLR[ 16 ] to write the actual current value of axis AX2 to the link variables memory cyclically in the interpolation cycle in a static synchronized action.

Program code

N111 IDS=1 WHENEVER TRUE DO $A_DLR[16]=$VA_CURR[AX2]

NCU2 NCU2 uses link variable $A_DLR[ 16 ] to read the actual current value of axis AX2 from the link variables memory cyclically in the interpolation cycle in a static synchronized action. If the actual current value is greater than 23.0 A, alarm 61000 is displayed.

Program code

N222 IDS=1 WHEN $A_DLR[16] > 23.0 DO SETAL(61000)

See also

Variables (Page 17)

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1.1 Variables

1.1.4 Definition of user variables (DEF)

Function

The DEF command is used to define user-specific variables and assign values to them. To set them apart from system variables, these are called user-defined variables or user variables (user data).

According to the range of validity (in other words, the range in which the variable is visible) there are the following categories of user variable:

● Local user variables (LUD)

Local user variables (LUD) are variables defined in a part program which is not the main program at the time of execution. They are created when the part program is called and deleted at the end of the part program or when the NC is reset. Local user variables can only be accessed within the part program in which they are defined.

● Program-global user variables (PUD)

Program-global user variables (PUD) are user variables defined in a part program used as the main program. They are created when the part program starts up and deleted at the end of the part program or when the NC is reset. It is possible to access PUD in the main program and in all subprograms of the main program.

Syntax

● Global user variables (GUD)

Global user variables (GUD) are NC or channel-global variables which are defined in a data block (SGUD, MGUD, UGUD, GUD4 to GUD9) and are retained following shutdown and restart. GUD can be accessed in all part programs.

User variables must be defined before they can be used (read/write). The following rules must be observed in this context:

● GUD have to be defined in a definition file, e.g. _N_DEF_DIR/_M_SGUD_DEF.

● PUD and LUD have to be defined in a definition section of the part program.

● The data must be defined in a dedicated block.

● Only one data type may be used for each data definition.

● Several variables of the same data type can be defined for each data definition.

LUD and PUD

DEF <type> <phys_unit> <limit values> <name>[<value_1>, <value_2>, <value_3>]=<init_value>

GUD

DEF <range> <pp_stop> <access_rights> <type> <phys_unit> <limit values> <name>[<value_1>, <value_2>, <value_3>]=<init_value>

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1.1 Variables

Meaning

DEF: Command for defining GUD, PUD, LUD user variables <range>:

<PP_stop>:

<access rights>:

<type>:

<phys_unit>:

<limit values>:

Range of validity, only relevant for GUD:

NCK: NC-global user variable CHAN: Channel-global user variable

Preprocessing stop, only relevant for GUD (optional)

SYNR: Preprocessing stop when reading SYNW: Preprocessing stop when writing SYNRW: Preprocessing stop when reading/writing

Protection level for reading/writing GUD via part program or OPI (optional)

APRP <protection level>: Read: Part program APWP <protection level>: Write: Part program APRB <protection level>: Read: OPI APWB <protection level>: Write: OPI

<protection level>: Range of values: 0 ... 7 See "Attribute: Access rights (APR, APW, APRP, APWP, APRB,

APWB) (Page 39)" Data type:

INT: Integer with sign REAL: Real number (LONG REAL to IEEE) BOOL: Truth value TRUE (1)/FALSE (0) CHAR: ASCII character STRING[<MaxLength>]: Character string of a defined length AXIS: Axis/spindle identifier FRAME: Geometric data for a static coordinate

transformation See "Data types (Page 52)" Physical unit (optional)

PHU <unit>: Physical unit

See "Attribute: Physical unit (PHU) (Page 37)" Lower/upp

LLI <limit value>: Lower limit value (lower limit) ULI <limit value>: Upper limit value (upper limit)

er limit value (optional)

See "Attribute: Limit values (LLI, ULI) (Page 35)"

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1.1 Variables

<name>

: Name of variable

Note

 Maximum 31 characters  The first two characters must be a letter and/or an underscore.  The $ sign is reserved for system variables and must not be

used.

[<value_1>, <value_2>,

<value_3>]

Specification of array sizes for 1- to max. 3-dimensional array variables (optional)

For the Initialization of array variables see "Definition and initialization of array

<init_value>: Initialization value (optional)

variables (DEF, SET, REP) (Page 45)"

See "Attribute: Initialization value (Page 32)" For the Initializa

initialization of array

tion of array variables see "Definition and

variables (DEF, SET, REP) (Page 45)"

Examples

Example 1: Definition of user variables in the data block for machine manufacturers

Program code Comment

%_N_MGUD_DEF ; GUD block: Machine manufacturer

$PATH=/_N_DEF_DIR

DEF CHAN REAL PHU 24 LLI 0 ULI 10 STROM_1, STROM_2

;Description

;Definition of two GUD items: STROM_1, STROM_2

;Range of validity: Throughout the channel

;Data type: REAL

PP stop: Not programmed => default value = no PP stop

;Physical unit: 24 = [A]

;Limit values: Low = 0.0, high = 10.0

;Access rights: Not programmed => default value = 7 = key-operated switch position 0

;Initialization value: Not programmed => default value = 0.0

DEF NCK REAL PHU 13 LLI 10 APWP 3 APRP 3 APWB 0 APRB 2 ZEIT_1=12, ZEIT_2=45

;Description

;Definition of two GUD items: ZEIT_1, ZEIT_2

;Range of validity: Throughout the NCK

;Data type: REAL

PP stop: Not programmed => default value = no PP stop

;Physical unit: 13 = [s]

;Limit values: low = 10.0, high = not programmed => upper definition range limit

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1.1 Variables

Program code Comment

;Access rights:

;Part program: Write/read = 3 = end user

;OPI: Write = 0 = Siemens, read = 3 = end user

;Initialization value: ZEIT_1 = 12.0, ZEIT_2 = 45.0

DEF NCK APWP 3 APRP 3 APWB 0 APRB 3 STRING[5] GUD5_NAME = "COUNTER"

;Description

;Definition of one GUD item: GUD5_NAME

;Range of validity: Throughout the NCK

;Data type: STRING, max. 5 characters

PP stop: Not programmed => default value = no PP stop

;Physical unit: Not programmed => default value = 0 = no phys. unit

;Limit values: Not programmed => definition range limits: low = 0, high = 255

;Access rights:

;Part program: Write/read = 3 = end user

;OPI: Write = 0 = Siemens, read = 3 = end user

;Initialization value: "COUNTER"

M30

Example 2: Global program and local user variables (PUD/LUD)

Program code Comment

PROC MAIN ;Main program

DEF INT VAR1 ;PUD definition

...

SUB2 ;Subprogram call

...

M30

Program code Comment

PROC SUB2 ;Subprogram SUB2

DEF INT VAR2 ;LUD DEFINITION

...

IF (VAR1==1) ;Read PUD

VAR1=VAR1+1 ;Read & write PUD

VAR2=1 ;Write LUD

ENDIF

SUB3 ;subprogram call

...

M17

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1.1 Variables

Program code Comment

PROC SUB3 ;Subprogram SUB3

...

IF (VAR1==1) ;Read PUD

VAR1=VAR1+1 ;Read & write PUD

VAR2=1 ;Error: LUD from SUB2 not known

ENDIF

...

M17

Example 3: Definition and use of user variables of data type AXIS

Program code Comment

DEF AXIS ABSCISSA ;1st geometry axis

DEF AXIS SPINDLE ;Spindle

...

IF ISAXIS(1) == FALSE GOTOF CONTINUE

ABSCISSA = $P_AXN1

CONTINUE:

...

SPINDLE=(S1) ;1st spindle

OVRA[SPINDLE]=80 ;Spindle override = 80%

SPINDLE=(S3) ;3rd spindle

Supplementary conditions

Global user variables (GUD)

In the context of the definition of global user variables (GUD), the following machine data has to be taken into account:

No. Identifier: $MN_ Meaning 11140 GUD_AREA_ SAVE_TAB Additional save for GUD blocks 18118 1) MM_NUM_GUD_MODULES Number of GUD files in the active file system 18120 1) MM_NUM_GUD_NAMES_NCK Number of global GUD names 18130 1) MM_NUM_GUD_NAMES_CHAN Number of channel-spec. GUD names 18140 1) MM_NUM_GUD_NAMES_AXIS Number of axis-spec. GUD names 18150 1) MM_GUD_VALUES_MEM Memory location for global GUD values 18660 1) MM_NUM_SYNACT_GUD_REAL Number of configurable GUD of the REAL data type 18661 1) MM_NUM_SYNACT_GUD_INT Number of configurable GUD of the INT data type 18662 1) MM_NUM_SYNACT_GUD_BOOL Number of configurable GUD of the BOOL data type 18663 1) MM_NUM_SYNACT_GUD_AXIS Number of configurable GUD of the AXIS data type 18664 1) MM_NUM_SYNACT_GUD_CHAR Number of configurable GUD of the CHAR data type 18665 1) MM_NUM_SYNACT_GUD_STRING Number of configurable GUD of the STRING data type

For SINUMERIK 828D, MD can only be read!

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Program-global user variables (PUD)

Note Visibility of program-global user variables (PUD)

Program-global user variables (PUD) defined in the main program will only be visible in subprograms if the following machine data is set:

MD11120 $MN_LUD_EXTENDED_SCOPE = 1

If MD11120 = 0 the program-global user variables defined in the main program will only be visible in the main program.

Cross-channel use of an NCK-global user variable of the AXIS data type

An NCK-global user variable of the

AXIS data type initialized during definition in the data

block with an axis identifier can then only be used in other NC channels if the axis has the same channel axis number in these channels.

If this is not the case, the variable has to be loaded at the start of the part program or, as in the following example, the AXNAME(...) function has to be used.

Program code Comment

DEF NCK STRING[5] ACHSE="X" ;Definition in the data block

...

N100 AX[AXNAME(ACHSE)]=111 G00 ;Use in the part program

1.1.5 Redefinition of system variables, user variables, and NC language commands (REDEF)

Function

The REDEF command can be used to change the attributes of system variables, user variables and NC language commands. A fundamental condition of redefinition is that it has to post-date the corresponding definition.

Multiple attributes cannot be changed simultaneously during redefinition. A separate statement has to be programmed for each attribute to be changed.

If two or more concurrent attribute changes are programmed, the last change is always active.

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REDEF

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1.1 Variables

Resetting attribute values

Syntax

The attributes for access rights and initialization time change with default values by reprogramming

REDEF, followed by the name of the variable or the NC

REDEF can be reset to their

language command:

● Access rights: Protection level 7

● Initialization time: No initialization or retention of the current value

Redefinable attributes

See "Overview of definable and redefinable attributes (Page 44)"

Local u

ser va

riables (PUD/LUD)

Redefinitions are not permitted for local user variables (PUD/LUD).

REDEF <name> <PP_stop>

REDEF <name> <phys_unit>

REDEF <name> <limit_values>

REDEF <name> <access_rights>

REDEF <name> <init_time>

REDEF <name> <init_time> <init_value>

Meaning

REDEF <name>

REDEF: Command for redefinition of a certain attribute or to reset the

"Access rights" and/or "Initialization time" attributes of system variables, user variables and NC language commands

<name>: Name of an already defined variable or an NC language

command

<PP stop>:

<phys_unit>:

Preprocessing stop

SYNR: Preprocessing stop when reading SYNW: Preprocessing stop when writing SYNRW: Preprocessing stop when reading/writing

Physical unit

PHU <unit>: Physical unit

See "Attribute: Physical unit (PHU) (Page 37)" Note

Cannot be re

defined for:

 System variables  Global user data (GUD) of the data types:

FRAME

BOOL, AXIS, STRING,

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<limit values>:

Lower/upper limit

LLI <limit value>: Lower limit value (lower limit) ULI <limit value>: Upper limit value (upper limit)

See "Attribute: Limit values (LLI, ULI) (Page 35)" Note

Cannot be re

defined for:

 System variables  Global user data (GUD) of the data types:

FRAME

<access rights>:

Access rights for reading/writing via part program or OPI

APX <protection level>: Execute: NC language element APRP <protection level>: Read: Part program APWP <protection level>: Write: Part program APRB <protection level>: Read: OPI APWB <protection level>: Write: OPI

<protection level>: Range of values: 0 ... 7 See "Attribute: Access rights (APR, APW, APRP, APWP, APRB,

APWB) (Page 39)"

<init_time>:

Point in time at which the variable is reinitializ

INIPO: Power On INIRE: End of main program, NC reset or Power On INICF: NewConfig or end of main program, NC reset or

Power On

PRLOC: End of main program, NC reset following local

change or Power On

See "Attribute: Initialization value (Page 32)"

<init_value>: Initialization value

When redefining the initialization value, an initialization time always has to be specified also (see <init_time>).

See "Attribute: Initialization value (Page 32)" For the Initializa

tion of array variables see "Definition and

initialization of array Note

Cannot be re

defined for system variables, except setting data.

BOOL, AXIS, STRING,

variables (DEF, SET, REP) (Page 45)"

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Example

Redefinitions of system variable $TC_DPC1 in the data block for machine manufacturers

Program code

%_N_MGUD_DEF ; GUD block: Machine manufacturer

N100 REDEF $TC_DPC1 APWB 2 APWP 3

N200 REDEF $TC_DPC2 PHU 21

N300 REDEF $TC_DPC3 LLI 0 ULI 200

N400 REDEF $TC_DPC4 INIPO (100, 101, 102, 103)

; N100: Write access: OPI = protection level 2, part program = protection level 3

; Note

; When using ACCESS files the redefinition of access rights has to be moved from

; _N_MGUD_DEF to _N_MACCESS_DEF

; N200: Physical unit = [ % ]

; N300: Limit values: Lower limit value = 0, upper limit value = 200

; N400: The array variable is initialized with the four values at POWER ON.

; Reset of the "Access rights" and/or "Initialization time" attribute values

N800 REDEF $TC_DPC1

N900 REDEF $TC_DPC4

M30

Supplementary conditions

Granularity

A redefinition is always applied to the entire variable which is uniquely identified by its name. Array variables do not, for example, support the assignment of different attributes to individual array elements.

1.1.6 Attribute: Initialization value

Definition (DEF) of user variables

During definition an initialization value can be preassigned for the following user variables:

● Global user variables (GUD)

● Program-global user variables (PUD)

● Local user variables (LUD)

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Redefinition (REDEF) of system and user variables

During redefinition an initialization value can be preassigned for the following variables:

● System data

– Setting data

● User data

– R parameters

– Synchronized action variables ($AC_MARKER, $AC_PARAM, $AC_TIMER)

– Synchronized action GUD (SYG_xy[ ], where x=R, I, B, A, C, S and y=S, M, U, 4 to 9)

– EPS parameters

– Tool data OEM

– Magazine data OEM

– Global user variables (GUD)

Reinitialization time During redefinition the point in time can be specified at which the variable should be reinitialized, i.e. reset to the initialization value.

●

INIPO (POWER ON)

The variable is reinitialized at Power On.

●

INIRE (reset)

The variable is reinitialized on NC reset, mode group reset, at the end of the part program (

M02/M30) or at Power On.

●

INICF (NewConfig)

The variable is reinitialized on a NewConf request via the HMI, with part program command

NEWCONFIG or on an NC reset, mode group reset, at the end of the part program

(M02/M30) or at Power On.

●

PRLOC (program-local change)

The variable is only reinitialized on an NC reset, mode group reset or at the end of the part program (M02/M30) if it has changed during the current part program.

The

PRLOC attribute may only be changed in conjunction with programmable setting data

(see the table below).

Table 1- 1 Programmable setting data

Number Identifier G command

42000 $SC_THREAD_START_ANGLE 42010 $SC_THREAD_RAMP_DISP DITS/DITE 42400 $SA_PUNCH_DWELLTIME 42800 $SA_SPIND_ASSIGN_TAB 43210 $SA_SPIND_MIN_VELO_G25 43220 $SA_SPIND_MAX_VELO_G26 43230 $SA_SPIND_MAX_VELO_LIMS

PDELAYON SETMS G25 G26 LIMS

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Number Identifier G command 1)

43300 $SA_ASSIGN_FEED_PER_REV_SOURCE 43420 $SA_WORKAREA_LIMIT_PLUS 43430 $SA_WORKAREA_LIMIT_MINUS 43510 $SA_FIXED_STOP_TORQUE 43520 $SA_FIXED_STOP_WINDOW 43700 $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS1 43710 $SA_OSCILL_REVERSE_POS2 43720 $SA_OSCILL_DWELL_TIME1 43730 $SA_OSCILL_DWELL_TIME2 43740 $SA_OSCILL_VELO 43750 $SA_OSCILL_NUM_SPARK_CYCLES 43760 $SA_OSCILL_END_POS 43770 $SA_OSCILL_CTRL_MASK 43780 $SA_OSCILL_IS_ACTIVE 43790 $SA_OSCILL_START_POS

1) This G command is used to address the setting data.

FPRAON G26 G25 FXST FXSW OSP1 OSP2 OST1 OST2 FA OSNSC OSE OSCTRL OS OSB

Supplementary conditions

Initialization value: Global user variables (GUD)

● Only

(GUD) with the

● In addition to

initialization time for global user variables (GUD) with the

● In the case of global user variables (GUD) with the

INICF (NewConfig) initialization time, for an NC reset, mode group reset and

or NewConfig, the variables are only reinitialized in the channels in which the named events were triggered.

Initialization value: FRAME data type

It is not permitted to specify an initialization value for variables of the Variables of the

Initialization value: CHAR data type

For variables of the ASCII character can be programmed in quotation marks, e.g. "A".

Initialization value: STRING data type

In the case of variables of the

quotation marks, e.g. ...= "MACHINE_1"

INIPO (Power On) can be defined as the initialization time for global user variables

NCK range of validity.

INIPO (Power On), INIRE (reset) or INICF (NewConfig) can be defined as the

CHAN range of validity.

CHAN range of validity and INIRE (reset)

FRAME data type.

FRAME data type are initialized implicitly and always with the default frame.

CHAR data type, instead of the ASCII code (0...255), the corresponding

STRING data type, the character string must be enclosed in

Initialization value: AXIS data type

In the case of variables of the

AXIS data type, for an extended address notation, the axis

identifier must be enclosed in brackets, e.g. ...=(X3).

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Initialization value: System variable

For system variables, redefinition cannot be used to define user-specific initialization values. The initialization values for the system variables are specified by the system and cannot be changed. However, redefinition can be used to change the point in time (

INIRE, INICF) at

which the system variable is reinitialized.

Implicit initialization value: AXIS data type

See also

For variables of the

AXIS data type the following implicit initialization value is used:

● System data: "First geometry axis"

● Synchronized action GUD (designation: SYG_A*), PUD, LUD: Axis identifier from machine data: MD20082 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_DEFAULT_NAME

Implicit initialization value: Tool and magazine data

Initialization values for tool and magazine data can be defined using the following machine data: MD17520 $MN_TOOL_DEFAULT_DATA_MASK

Note Synchronization

The synchronization of events triggering the reinitialization of a global variable when this variable is read in a different location is the sole responsibility of the user/machine manufacturer.

Variables (Page 17)

1.1.7 Attribute: Limit values (LLI, ULI)

An upper and a lower limit of the definition range can only be defined for the following data types:

● INT

● REAL

● CHAR

Definition (DEF) of user variables: Limit values and implicit initialization values

If no explicit initialization value is defined when defining a user variable of one of the above data types, the variable is set to the data type's implicit initialization value.

● INT: 0

● REAL: 0.0

● CHAR: 0

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If the implicit initialization value is outside the definition range specified by the programmed limit values, the variable is initialized with the limit value which is closest to the implicit initialization value:

● Implicit initialization value < lower limit value (LLI) ⇒ initialization value = lower limit value

● Implicit initialization value > upper limit value (ULI) ⇒ initialization value = upper limit value

Examples:

Program code Comment

DEF REAL GUD1 ;

DEF REAL LLI 5.0 GUD2 ;

DEF REAL ULI –5 GUD3 ;

Lower limit value = definition range limit

;

Upper limit value = definition range limit

;

No initialization value programmed

;

=> Implicit initialization value = 0.0

Lower limit value = 5.0

;

Upper limit value = definition range limit

;

=> Initialization value = 5.0

Lower limit value = definition range limit

;

Upper limit value = -5.0

;

=> Initialization value = -5.0

Redefinition (REDEF) of user variables: Limit values and current actual values

If, when the limit values of a user variable are redefined, they change to the extent that the current actual value is outside the new definition range, an alarm will be issued and the limit values will be rejected.

Note Redefinition (REDEF) of user variables

When the limit values of a user variable are redefined, care must be taken to ensure that the following values are changed consistently:

 Limit values  Actual value  Initialization value on redefinition and automatic reinitialization on the basis of INIPO,

INIRE or INICF

See also

Variables (Page 17)

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1.1.8 Attribute: Physical unit (PHU)

A physical unit can only be specified for variables of the following data types:

● INT

● REAL

Programmable physical units (PHU)

The physical unit is specified as fixed point number: PHU <unit>

The following physical units can be programmed:

<unit> Meaning Physical unit

0 Not a physical unit 1 Linear or angular position 2 Linear position 2) [ mm ], [ inch ] 3 Angular position [ degree ] 4 Linear or angular velocity 5 Linear velocity 2) [ mm/min ] 6 Angular velocity [ rpm ] 7 Linear or angular acceleration 8 Linear acceleration 2) [ m/s2 ], [ inch/s2 ]

9 Angular acceleration [ rev/s2 ] 10 Linear or angular jerk 11 Linear jerk 2) [ m/s3 ], [ inch/s3 ] 12 Angular jerk [ rev/s3 ] 13 Time [ s ] 14 Position controller gain [ 16.667/s ] 15 Revolutional feedrate 2) [ mm/rev ], [ inch/rev ] 16 Temperature compensation 18 Force [ N ] 19 Mass [ kg ] 20 Moment of inertia 3) [ kgm2 ] 21 Percent [ % ] 22 Frequency [ Hz ] 23 Voltage [ V ] 24 Current [ A ] 25 Temperature [ °C ] 26 Angle [ degree ] 27 KV [ 1000/min ] 28 Linear or angular position 3) [ mm ], [ inch ], [ degree ] 29 Cutting rate 2) [ m/min ], [ feet/min ]

1)2)

[ mm ], [ inch ], [ degree ]

1)2)

[ mm/min ], [ inch/min ], [ rpm ]

1)2)

[ m/s2 ], [ inch/s2 ], [ rev/s2 ]

1)2)

[ m/s3 ], [ inch/s3 ], [ rev/s3 ]

1)2)

[ mm ], [ inch ]

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<unit> Meaning Physical unit

30 Peripheral speed 2) [ m/s], [ feet/s ] 31 Resistance [ ohm ] 32 Inductance [ mH ] 33 Torque 3) [ Nm ] 34 Torque constant 3) [ Nm/A ] 35 Current controller gain [ V/A ] 36 Speed controller gain 3) [ Nm/(rad*s) ] 37 Speed [ rpm ] 42 Power [ kW ] 43 Current, low [ μA ] 46 Torque, low 3) [ μNm ] 48 Per mil 49 - [ Hz/s ] 65 Flow rate [ l/min ] 66 Pressure [ bar ] 67 Volume 3) [ cm3 ] 68 Controlled-system gain 3) [ mm/(V*min) ]

69 Force controller controlled-system gain [ N/V ] 155 Thread lead 3) [ mm/rev ], [ inch/rev ] 156 Change in thread lead 3) [ mm/rev / rev ], [ inch/rev / rev ]

1) The physical unit depends on the axis type: Linear or rotary axis

2) System of units changeover G70/G71(inch/metric)

After changing over the basic system (MD10240 $MN_SCALING_SYSTEM_IS_METRIC) with G70/G71, for read/write operations to system and user variables involving a length, then the values are not converted (actual value, default value and limit values)

G700/G710(inch/metric) After changing over the basic system (MD10240 $MN_SCALING_SYSTEM_IS_METRIC) with G700/G710, for read/write operations to system and user variables involving a length, then the values are converted (actual value, default value and limit values)

3) The variable is not converted to the NC's current measuring system (inch/metric) automatically. Conversion is the sole responsibility of the user/machine manufacturer.

Note Level overflow due to format conversion

The internal storage format for all user variables (GUD/PUD/LUD) with physical units of length is metric. Excessive use of these types of variable in the NCK's main run, e.g in synchronized actions, can lead to a CPU time overflow at interpolation level when the measuring system is switched over, generating alarm 4240.

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Note Compatibility of units

When using variables (assignment, comparison, calculation, etc.) the compatibility of the units involved is not checked. Should conversion be required, this is the sole responsibility of the user/machine manufacturer.

See also

Variables (Page 17)

1.1.9 Attribute: Access rights (APR, APW, APRP, APWP, APRB, APWB)

The following protection levels, which have to be specified during programming, correspond to the access rights:

Access right Protection level System password 0 Machine manufacturer password 1 Service password 2 End user password 3 Key-operated switch position 3 4 Key-operated switch position 2 5 Key-operated switch position 1 6 Key-operated switch position 0 7

Definition (DEF) of user variables

Access rights (APR.../APW...) can be defined for the following variables:

● Global user data (GUD)

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Redefinition (REDEF) of system and user variables

Access rights (APR.../APW...) can be redefined for the following variables:

● System data

– Machine data

– Setting data

– FRAME

– Process data

– Leadscrew error compensation data (LEC)

– Sag compensation (CEC)

– Quadrant error compensation (QEC)

– Magazine data

– Tool data

– Protection zones

– Toolholder with orientation capability

– Kinematic chains

– 3D protection zones

– Working area limitation

– ISO tool data

● User data

– R parameters

– Synchronized action variables ($AC_MARKER, $AC_PARAM, $AC_TIMER)

– Synchronized action GUD (SYG_xy[ ], where x=R, I, B, A, C, S and y=S, M, U, 4 to 9)

– EPS parameters

– Tool data OEM

– Magazine data OEM

– Global user variables (GUD)

Note

During redefinition the access right can be freely assigned to a variable between the lowest protection level 7 and the dedicated protection level, e.g. 1 (machine manufacturer).

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Redefinition (REDEF) of NC language commands

The access or execution right (APX) can be redefined for the following NC language commands:

● G functions/Preparatory functions

References:

Programming Manual, Fundamentals; Section: G functions/Preparatory functions

● Predefined functions

References:

Programming Manual, Fundamentals; Section: Predefined functions

● Predefined subprogram calls

References:

Programming Manual, Fundamentals; Section: Predefined subprogram calls

●

DO operation with synchronized actions

● Cycles program identifier

The cycle must be saved in a cycle directory and must contain a PROC operation.

Access rights in relation to part programs and cycles (APRP, APWP)

The various access rights facilitate the following with regard to access in a part program or cycle:

●

APRP 0/APWP 0

– During part program processing the system password has to be set.

– The cycle has to be stored in the _N_CST_DIR directory (system).

– The execution right must be set to system for the _N_CST_DIR directory in MD11160

$MN_ACCESS_EXEC_CST.

●

APRP 1/APWP 1 or APRP 2/APWP 2

– During part program processing the machine manufacturer or service password has to

be set.

– The cycle has to be stored in the _N_CMA_DIR (machine manufacturer) or

_N_CST_DIR (system) directory.

– The execution rights must be set to at least machine manufacturer for the

_N_CMA_DIR or _N_CST_DIR directories in machine data MD11161 $MN_ACCESS_EXEC_CMA or MD11160 $MN_ACCESS_EXEC_CST respectively.

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● APRP 3/APWP 3

– During part program processing the end user password has to be set.

– The cycle has to be stored in the _N_CUS_DIR (user), _N_CMA_DIR or _N_CST_DIR

directory.

– The execution rights must be set to at least end user for the _N_CUS_DIR,

_N_CMA_DIR or _N_CST_DIR directories in machine data MD11162 $MN_ACCESS_EXEC_CUS, MD11161 $MN_ACCESS_EXEC_CMA or MD11160 $MN_ACCESS_EXEC_CST respectively.

●

APRP 4...7/APWP 4...7

– During part program processing the key-operated switch must be set to 3 ... 0.

– The cycle has to be stored in the _N_CUS_DIR, _N_CMA_DIR or _N_CST_DIR

directory.

– The execution rights must be set to at least the corresponding key-operated switch

position for the _N_CUS_DIR, _N_CMA_DIR or _N_CST_DIR directories in machine data MD11162 $MN_ACCESS_EXEC_CUS, MD11161 $MN_ACCESS_EXEC_CMA or MD11160 $MN_ACCESS_EXEC_CST respectively.

Access rights in relation to OPI (APRB, APWB)

The access rights (APRB, APWB) restrict access to system and user variables via the OPI equally for all system components (HMI, PLC, external computers, EPS services, etc.).

APR/APW access attributes

Note Local HMI access rights

When changing access rights to system data, care must be taken to ensure that such changes are consistent with the access rights defined using HMI mechanisms.

For compatibility reasons, attributes APR and APW are implicitly mapped to the attributes APRP /

APRB and APWP / APWB:

●

APR x ⇒ APRP x APRB x

●

APW y ⇒ APWP y APWB y

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Setting access rights using ACCESS files

When using ACCESS files to assign access rights, redefinitions of access rights for system data, user data, and NC language commands may only continue to be programmed in these ACCESS files. Global user data (GUD) is an exception. For this data, access rights have to continue to be redefined (if this appears necessary) in the corresponding definition files.

For continuous access protection, the machine data for the execution rights and the access protection for the corresponding directories have to be modified consistently.

In principle, the procedure is as follows:

● Creation of the necessary definition files:

– _N_DEF_DIR/_N_SACCESS_DEF

– _N_DEF_DIR/_N_MACCESS_DEF

– _N_DEF_DIR/_N_UACCESS_DEF

● Setting of the write right for the definition files to the value required for redefinition:

– MD11170 $MN_ACCESS_WRITE_SACCESS

– MD11171 $MN_ACCESS_WRITE_MACCESS

– MD11172 $MN_ACCESS_WRITE_UACCESS

● For access to protected elements from cycles, the execution and write rights for cycle directories _N_CST_DIR, _N_CMA_DIR, and _N_CST_DIR have to be modified.

Execution rights

– MD11160 $MN_ACCESS_EXEC_CST

– MD11161 $MN_ACCESS_EXEC_CMA

– MD11162 $MN_ACCESS_EXEC_CUS

Write rights

– MD11165 $MN_ACCESS_WRITE_CST

– MD11166 $MN_ACCESS_WRITE_CMA

– MD11167 MN_ACCESS_WRITE_CUS

The execution right has to be set to at least the same protection level as the highest protection level of the element used.

The write right must be set to at least the same protection level as the execution right.

● The write rights of the local HMI cycle directories must be set to the same protection level as the local NC cycle directories.

References:

Operating Manual

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Subprogram calls in ACCESS files

To structure access protection further, subprograms (SPF or MPF identifier) can be called in ACCESS files. The subprograms inherit the execution rights of the calling ACCESS file.

Note

Only access rights can be redefined in the ACCESS files. All other attributes have to continue to be programmed/redefined in the corresponding definition files.

See also

Variables (Page 17)

1.1.10 Overview of definable and redefinable attributes

The following tables show which attributes can be defined (DEF) and/or redefined (REDEF) for which data types.

System data

Data type Init. value Limit values Physical unit Access rights Machine data --- --- --Setting data

REDEF

--- --FRAME data --- --- --Process data --- --- --Leadscrew error comp. (EEC) --- --- --Sag compensation (CEC) --- --- --Quadrant error compensation (QEC) --- --- --Magazine data --- --- --Tool data --- --- --Protection zones --- --- --Toolholder, with orientation capability --- --- --Kinematic chains --- --- --3D protection zones --- --- --Working area limitation --- --- --ISO tool data --- --- ---

REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF

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User data

Data type Init. value Limit values Physical unit Access rights R-parameters Synchronized action variable ($AC_...) Synchronized action GUD (SYG_...) EPS parameters Tool data OEM Magazine data OEM Global user variables (GUD) Local user variables (PUD/LUD)

REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF REDEF

DEF/REDEF DEF DEF DEF/REDEF

DEF DEF DEF

---

See also

Variables (Page 17)

1.1.11 Definition and initialization of array variables (DEF, SET, REP)

Function

A user variable can be defined as a 1- up to a maximum of a 3-dimensional array.

● 1-dimensional:

● 2-dimensional:

● 3-dimensional:

Note

STRING data type user variables can be defined as up to a maximum of 2-dimensional arrays.

Data types

User variables can be defined as arrays for the following data types: BOOL, CHAR, INT, REAL, STRING, AXIS, FRAME

Assignment of values to array elements

Values can be assigned to array elements at the following points in time:

● During array definition (initialization values)

DEF <data type> <variable name>[<n>]

DEF <data type> <variable name>[<n>,<m>]

DEF <data type> <variable name>[<n>,<m>,<o>]

● During program execution

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1.1 Variables

Values can be assigned by means of:

● Explicit specification of an array element

● Explicit specification of an array element as a starting element and specification of a value list (

SET)

● Explicit specification of an array element as a starting element and specification of a value and the frequency at which it is repeated (

Note

REP)

FRAME data type user variables cannot be assigned initialization values.

Syntax (DEF)

DEF <data type> <variable name>[<n>,<m>,<o>] DEF STRING[<string length>] <variable name>[<n>,<m>]

Syntax (DEF...=SET...)

Using a value list:

● During definition:

DEF <data type> <variable name>[<n>,<m>,<o>]=SET(<value1>,<value2>, etc.)

Equivalent to:

DEF <data type> <variable name>[<n>,<m>,<o>]=(<value1>,<value2>, etc.)

Note

SET does not have to be specified for initialization via a value list.

● During value assignment:

<variable name>[<n>,<m>,<o>]=SET(<VALUE1>,<value2>, etc.)

Syntax (DEF...=REP...)

Using a value with repetition

● During definition:

DEF <data type> <variable name>[<n>,<m>,<o>]=REP(<value>)

DEF <data type> <variable name>[<n>,<m>,<o>]=REP(<value>, <number_array_elements>)

● During value assignment:

<variable name>[<n>,<m>,<o>]=REP(<value>)

DEF <data type> <variable name>[<n>,<m>,<o>]=REP(<value>,<number_array_elements>)

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1.1 Variables

Meaning

DEF: Command to define variables <data type>:

<string length>: Maximum number of characters for a STRING data type <variable name>: Variable name. [<n>,<m>,<o>]: Array sizes or array indices <n>:

<m>:

<o>:

SET: Value assignment using specified value list (<value1>,<value2>, etc.): Value list REP: Value assignment using specified <value> <value>: Value, which the array elements should be written when

<number_array_elements>: Number of array elements to be written with the specified

Data type of variables Range of values:  for system variables:

BOOL, CHAR, INT, REAL, STRING, AXIS

 for GUD or LUD variables:

BOOL, CHAR, INT, REAL, STRING, AXIS, FRAME

Array size or array index for 1st dimension Type: INT (for system variables, also AXIS) Range of values: Max. array size: 65535

Array index: 0 ≤ n ≤ 65534 Array size or array index for 2nd dimension Type: INT (for system variables, also AXIS) Range of values: Max. array size: 65535

Array index: 0 ≤ m ≤ 65534 Array size or array index for 3rd dimension Type: INT (for system variables, also AXIS) Range of values: Max. array size: 65535

Array index: 0 ≤ o ≤ 65534

initializing with

<value>. The following apply to the remaining array elements,

REP.

dependent on the point in time:  Initialization when defining the array:

→ Zero is written to the remaining array elements.

 Assignment during program execution:

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→ The actual values of the array elements remain unchanged.

If the parameter is not programmed, all array elements are written with

<value>.

If the parameter equals zero, the following apply dependent on the point in time:

 Initialization when defining the array:

→ All elements are pre-assigned zero

 Assignment during program execution:

→ The actual values of the array elements remain unchanged.

Flexible NC programming

1.1 Variables

Array index

The implicit sequence of the array elements, e.g. in the case of value assignment using SET or REP, is right to left due to iteration of the array index.

Example: Initialization of a 3-dimensional array with 24 array elements:

DEF INT FELD[2,3,4] = REP(1,24)

FELD[0,0,0] = 1 FELD[0,0,1] = 1 FELD[0,0,2] = 1 FELD[0,0,3] = 1 ... FELD[0,1,0] = 1 FELD[0,1,1] = 1 ... FELD[0,2,3] = 1 FELD[1,0,0] = 1 FELD[1,0,1] = 1 ... FELD[1,2,3] = 1

1st array element 2nd array element 3rd array element 4th array element

5th array element 6th array element

12th array element 13th array element 14th array element

24th array element

corresponding to:

FOR n=0 TO 1

FOR m=0 TO 2

FOR o=0 TO 3

ENDFOR

FELD[n,m,o] = 1

ENDFOR

Example: Initializing complete variable arrays

For the actual assignment, refer to the diagram.

Program code

N10 DEF REAL FELD1[10,3]=SET(0,0,0,10,11,12,20,20,20,30,30,30,40,40,40,)

N20 ARRAY1[0,0] = REP(100)

N30 ARRAY1[5,0] = REP(-100)

N40 FELD1[0,0]=SET(0,1,2,-10,-11,-12,-20,-20,-20,-30, , , ,-40,-40,-50,-60,-70)

N50 FELD1[8,1]=SET(8.1,8.2,9.0,9.1,9.2)

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1.1 Variables

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See also

Definition and initialization of array variables (DEF, SET, REP): Further Information (Page 49)

Variables (Page 17)

1.1.12 Definition and initialization of array variables (DEF, SET, REP): Further Information

Further information (SET)

initialization during definition

● Starting with the 1st array element, as many array elements are assigned with the values from the value list as there are elements programmed in the value list.

● A value of 0 is assigned to array elements without explicitly declared values in the value list (gaps in the value list).

● For variables of the AXIS data type, gaps in the value list are not permitted.

● If the value list contains more values than there are array elements defined, an alarm will be displayed.

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1.1 Variables

Value assignment in program execution

In the case of value assignment in program execution, the rules described above for definition apply. The following options are also supported:

● Expressions are also permitted as elements in the value list.

● Value assignment starts with the programmed array index. Values can be assigned selectively to subarrays.

Example:

Program code Comments

DEF INT ARRAY[5,5] ; Array definition

ARRAY[0,0]=SET(1,2,3,4,5) ; Value assignment to the first 5 array

elements [0,0] - [0,4]

FELD[0,0]=SET(1,2, , ,5) ; Value assignment with gap to the first 5

array elements [0,0] - [0,4], array elements[0,2] and [0,3] = 0

ARRAY[2,3]=SET(VARIABLE,4*5.6) ; Value assignment with variable and

expression starting at array index [2,3]: [2,3] = VARIABLE [2,4] = 4 * 5.6 = 22.4

Further information (REP)

initialization during definition

● All or the optionally specified number of array elements are initialized with the specified value (constant).

● Variables of the FRAME data type cannot be initialized.

Example:

Program code Comments

DEF REAL varName[10]=REP(3.5,4) ; Initialize array definition and array

Value assignment in program execution

In the case of value assignment in program execution, the rules described above for definition apply. The following options are also supported:

● Expressions are also permitted as elements in the value list.

● Value assignment starts with the programmed array index. Values can be assigned selectively to subarrays.

Examples:

Program code Comments

DEF REAL varName[10] ; Array definition

varName[5]=REP(4.5,3) ; Array elements [5] to [7] = 4.5

elements [0] to [3] with value 3.5.

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1.1 Variables

Program code Comments

R10=REP(2.4,3) ; R-parameters R10 to R12 = 2.4

DEF FRAME FRM[10] ; Array definition

FRM[5] = REP(CTRANS (X,5)) ; Array elements [5] to [9] = CTRANS(X,5)

Further information (general)

Value assignments to axial machine data

In principle axial machine data have an array index of the value assignments to an axial item of machine data using

AXIS data type. In the case of SET or REP, this array index is

ignored or not processed.

Example: Value assignment to machine data MD36200 $MA_AX_VELO_LIMIT

$MA_AX_VELO_LIMIT[1,AX1]=SET(1.1, 2.2, 3.3)

Is equivalent to:

$MA_AX_VELO_LIMIT[1,AX1] = 1.1 $MA_AX_VELO_LIMIT[2,AX1] = 2.2 $MA_AX_VELO_LIMIT[3,AX1] = 3.3

Note Value assignments to axial machine data

In the case of value assignments to axial machine data using

SET or REP, the AXIS data type

array index is ignored or not processed.

Memory requirements

Data type Memory requirement per element

BOOL CHAR INT REAL STRING FRAME AXIS

1 byte 1 byte 4 bytes 8 bytes (string length + 1) bytes ∼ 400 bytes, depending on the number of axes 4 bytes

See also

Definition and initialization of array variables (DEF, SET, REP) (Page 45)

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1.1 Variables

1.1.13 Data types

The following data types are available in the NC:

Data type Significance Value Range INT Integer with sign -2147483648 ... +2147483647 REAL Real number (LONG REAL to IEEE) ±(∼2.2*10 BOOL Truth value TRUE (1) and FALSE (0) 1, 0 CHAR ASCII character ASCII code 0 to 255 STRING Character string of a defined length Maximum of 200 characters (no special characters) AXIS Axis/spindle identifier Channel axis identifier FRAME Geometric parameters for static coordinate

transformation (translation, rotation, scaling, mirroring)

---

-308

… ∼1.8*10

Implicit data type conversions

The following data type conversions are possible and are performed implicitly during assignments and parameter transfers:

+308

)

See also

from ↓/ to → REAL INT BOOL REAL x o & INT x x & BOOL x x x x : Possible without restrictions o: Data loss possible due to the range of values being overshot ⇒ alarm;

rounding: decimal place value ≥ 0.5 ⇒ round up, decimal place value < 0.5 ⇒ round down &: value ≠ 0 ⇒ TRUE, value== 0 ⇒ FALSE

Variables (Page 17)

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1.1.14 Explicit data type conversions (AXTOINT, INTTOAX)

Function

The data type of an axis variable can be converted explicitly with the predefined functions AXTOINT and INTTOAX.

Type conversion AXIS → INT

Syntax:

<result>=AXTOINT(<value>)

Meaning:

<result>:

AXTOINT: AXTOINT converts the data type of a axis variable from AXIS to INT <value>:

INT representation of the axis variables (≙ axis index <n>) In case of fault = 7 NO_AXIS, i.e. <value> contains the value "no axis" = -1 <value> is not an axis name of type AXIS

Geometry axis name (MD20060 $MC_AXCONF_GEOAX_NAME_TAB[<n>]) or Channel axis name (MD20080 $MC_AXCONF_CHANAX_NAME_TAB[<n>]) or Machine axis name (MD10000 $MN_AXCONF_MACHAX_NAME_TAB[<n>]) Data type: AXIS

Type conversion INT → AXIS

Syntax:

<result>=INTTOAX(<value>)

<result>:

INTTOAX: INTTOAX converts the data type of a axis variable from INT to AXIS

AXIS representation of the axis variables (≙ axis name) In case of fault = NO_AXIS <value> contains the value "no axis"? = -1 <value> is an INT value for which there is no axis name of type

INT value of the axis variables <value>: Range of

values:

Example

See example of GETVARDFT at "Read attribute values / data type (GETVARPHU, GETVARAP, GETVARLIM, GETVARDFT, GETVARTYP) (Page 56)".

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AXIS?

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1.1 Variables

1.1.15 Check availability of a variable (ISVAR)

Function

The predefined ISVAR function can be used to check whether a system/user variable (e.g. machine data, setting data, system variable, general variables such as GUD) is known in the NCK.

Syntax

<Result>=ISVAR(<variable>)

Meaning

The transfer parameter

 Undimensioned $ variable:

 One-dimensional $ variable without array index:

 One-dimensional $ variable with array index:

 Two-dimensional $ variable without array index:

 Two-dimensional $ variable with array index:

<result>:

ISVAR: Checks whether system/user variable is known in the NCK

<variable> can be set up as follows:

$<identifier>

$<identifier>[ ]

$<identifier>[<n>]

$<identifier>[,]

$<identifier>[<n>,<m>]

Return value Data type: BOOL Range of values:

Name of the system/user variables <identifier>: Data type: STRING Array index for first dimension <n>: Data type: INT Array index for second dimension <m>: Data type: INT

1 Variable available 0 Variable unknown

The following checks are made in accordance with the transfer parameter:

● Does the identifier exist

● Is it a 1- or 2-dimensional array

● Is the array index permitted

Only if all these checks have a positive result will TRUE (1) be returned. If a check has a negative result or if a syntax error has occurred, it will return FALSE (0).

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Examples

Program code Comment

DEF INT VAR1

DEF BOOL IS_VAR=FALSE

N10 IS_VAR=ISVAR("VAR1") ; IS_VAR is in this case TRUE.

Program code Comment

DEF REAL VARARRAY[10,10]

DEF BOOL IS_VAR=FALSE

N10 IS_VAR=ISVAR("VARARRAY[,]") ; IS_VAR is in this case TRUE, is a two-

dimensional array.

N20 IS_VAR=ISVAR("VARARRAY") ; IS_VAR is TRUE, variable exists.

N30 IS_VAR=ISVAR("VARARRAY[8,11]") ; IS_VAR is FALSE, array index is not

permitted.

N40 IS_VAR=ISVAR("VARARRAY[8,8") ; IS_VAR is FALSE, "]" missing (syntax

error).

N50 IS_VAR=ISVAR("VARARRAY[,8]") ; IS_VAR is TRUE, array index is

permitted.

N60 IS_VAR=ISVAR("VARARRAY[8,]") ; IS_VAR is TRUE, array index is

permitted.

Program code Comment

DEF BOOL IS_VAR=FALSE

N100 IS_VAR=ISVAR("$MC_GCODE_RESET_VALUES[1]" ; Transfer parameter is a

machine data item, IS_VAR is TRUE.

Program code Comment

DEF BOOL IS_VAR=FALSE

N10 IS_VAR=ISVAR("$P_EP") ; IS_VAR is in this case TRUE.

N20 IS_VAR=ISVAR("$P_EP[X]") ; IS_VAR is in this case TRUE.

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1.1 Variables

1.1.16 Read attribute values / data type (GETVARPHU, GETVARAP, GETVARLIM, GETVARDFT, GETVARTYP)

The attribute values of system/user variables can be read with the predefined GETVARPHU, GETVARAP, GETVARLIM and GETVARDFT functions, the data type of a system/user variable with GETVARTYP.

Read physical unit

Syntax:

<Result>=GETVARPHU(<name>)

Meaning:

<result>:

GETVARPHU: Reading of the physical unit of a system/user variable <name>: Name of the system/user variables

Data type: STRING

Numeric value of the physical unit Data type: INT Range of

values:

See Table in "Attribute: Physical unit (PHU) (Page 37)" In case of fault

- 2 The specified <name> has not been assigned to a system parameter or a user variable.

Example:

The NCK contains the following GUD variables:

DEF CHAN REAL PHU 42 LLI 0 ULI 10000 electric

Program code Comment

DEF INT result=0

result=GETVARPHU("electric") ; Determine the physical unit of the GUD

variables.

IF (result < 0) GOTOF error

The value 42 is returned as result. This corresponds to the physical unit [kW].

Note

GETVARPHU can be used, for example, to check whether both variables have the expected physical units in a variable assignment a = b.

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1.1 Variables

Read access right

Syntax:

<Result>=GETVARAP(<name>,<access>)

Meaning:

<result>:

GETVARAP: Reading of the access right to a system/user variable

<access>:

Protection level for the specified <access> Data type: INT Range of

values:

0 ... 7 See "Attribute: Access rights (APR, APW, APRP,

APWP, APRB, APWB) (Page 39)".

In case of fault

- 2 The specified <name> has not been assigned to a system parameter or a user variable.

- 3 Incorrect value for

Name of the system/user variables <name>: Data type: STRING Type of access Data type: STRING Range of

values:

"RP": Read via part program "WP": Write via part program "RB": Read via OPI "WB": Write via OPI

Example:

Program code Comment

DEF INT result=0

result=GETVARAP("$TC_MAP8","WB") ; Determine the access protection for

the system parameter "magazine position" with regard to writing via OPI.

IF (result < 0) GOTOF error

The value 7 is returned as result. This corresponds to the key switch position 0 (= no access protection).

Note

GETVARAP can be used, for example, to implement a checking program that checks the access rights expected by the application.

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1.1 Variables

Read limit values

Syntax:

<Status>=GETVARLIM(<name>,<limit value>,<result>)

Meaning:

<Status>:

GETVARLIM: Reading of the lower/upper limit value of a system/user variables

<limit value>:

Function status Data type: INT Range of

values:

1 OK

-1 No limit value defined (for variables of type AXIS, STRING, FRAME)

-2 The specified <name> has not been assigned to a system parameter or a user variable.

-3 Incorrect value for

Name of the system/user variables <name>: Data type: STRING specifies which limit value should be read out Data type: CHAR Range of

values:

"L": = lower limit value "U": = upper limit value

Return of the limit value <result>: Data type: VAR REAL

Example:

Program code Comment

DEF INT state=0

DEF REAL result=0

state=GETVARLIM("$MA_MAX_AX_VELO","L",result) ; Determine the lower limit

value for MD32000 $MA_MAX_AX_VELO.

IF (result < 0) GOTOF error

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1.1 Variables

Read default value

Syntax:

<Status>=GETVARDFT(<name>,<result>[,<index_1>,<index_2>,<index_3>])

Meaning:

<Status>:

GETVARDFT: Reading of the default value of a system/user variable

<result>:

<index_1>:

<index_2>:

<index_3>:

Function status Data type: INT Range of

values:

Name of the system/user variables <name>: Data type: STRING Return of the default value Data type:

Index to the first dimension (optional) Data type: INT Not programmed means = 0 Index to the second dimension (optional) Data type: INT Not programmed means = 0 Index to the third dimension (optional) Data type: INT Not programmed means = 0

1 OK

-1 No default value available (e.g. because <result> has the wrong type for <name>)

-2 The specified <name> has not been assigned to a system parameter or a user variable.

-3 Incorrect value for <index_1>, dimension less than one (= no array = scalar)

-4 Incorrect value for <index_2>

-5 Incorrect value for <index_3>

VAR REAL (when reading the default value of variables of the types INT, REAL, BOOL, AXIS)

VAR STRING (when reading the default value of variables of the types STRING and CHAR)

VAR FRAME (when reading the default value of variables of the type FRAME)

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1.1 Variables

Example:

Program code Comment

DEF INT state=0

DEF REAL resultR=0 ; Variable to accept the default

values of the types INT, REAL, BOOL, AXIS.

DEF FRAME resultF=0 ; Variable to accept the default

values of the type FRAME

IF (GETVARTYP("$MA_MAX_AX_VELO") <> 4) GOTOF error

state=GETVARDFT("$MA_MAX_AX_VELO", resultR, AXTOINT(X)) ; Determine the default value of

the "X" axis.

; AXTOINT converts the axis name

"X" to the appropriate access index.

IF (result < 0) GOTOF error

IF (GETVARTYP("$TC_TP8") <> 3) GOTOF error

state=GETVARDFT("$TC_TP8", resultR)

IF (GETVARTYP("$P_UBFR") <> 7) GOTOF error

state=GETVARDFT("$P_UBFR", resultF )

Read data type

Syntax:

<Result>=GETVARTYP(<name>)

Meaning:

<result>:

GETVARTYP: Reading of the data type of a system/user variable

Data type of the specified system/user variables Data type: INT Range of

values:

1 = BOOL 2 = CHAR 3 = INT 4 = REAL 5 = STRING 6 = AXIS 7 = FRAME In case of fault < 0 The specified

<name> has not been assigned to a system

parameter or a user variable.

Name of the system/user variables <name>: Data type: STRING

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1.2 Indirect programming

Example:

Program code Comment

DEF INT result=0

DEF STRING name="R"

result=GETVARTYP(name) ; Determine the type of the R parameter.

IF (result < 0) GOTOF error

The value 4 is returned as result. This corresponds to the REAL data type.

1.2 Indirect programming

1.2.1 Indirectly programming addresses

Function

Syntax

Meaning

When indirectly programming addresses, the extended address (<index>) is replaced by a variable with a suitable type.

Note

It is not possible the indirectly program addresses for:

 N (block number)  L (subprogram)  Settable addresses

(e.g. X[1] instead of X1 is not permissible)

<ADDRESS>[<Index>]

Element Description

<ADDRESS>[...]: Fixed address with extension (index)

<index>: Variable, e.g. for spindle number, axis, ....

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Flexible NC programming

1.2 Indirect programming

Examples

Example 1: Indirectly programming a spindle number

Direct programming:

Program code Comment

S1=300 ; Speed in rpm for the spindle number 1.

Indirect programming:

Program code Comment

DEF INT SPINU=1 ; Defining variables, type INT and value assignment.

S[SPINU]=300 ; Speed 300 rpm for the spindle, whose number is saved in

the SPINU variable (in this example 1, the spindle with the number 1).

Example 2: Indirectly programming an axis

Direct programming:

Program code Comment

FA[U]=300 ; Feed rate 300 for axis "U".

Indirect programming:

Program code Comment

DEF AXIS AXVAR2=U ; Defining a variable, type AXIS and value assignment.

FA[AXVAR2]=300 ; Feed rate of 300 for the axis whose address name is saved

in the variables with the name AXVAR2.

Example 3: Indirectly programming an axis

Direct programming:

Program code Comment

$AA_MM[X] ; Read probe measured value (MCS) of axis "X".

Indirect programming:

Program code Comment

DEF AXIS AXVAR3=X ; Defining a variable, type AXIS and value assignment.

$AA_MM[AXVAR3] ; Read probe measured value (MCS) whose name is saved in the

variables AXVAR3.

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1.2 Indirect programming

Example 4: Indirectly programming an axis

Direct programming:

Program code

X1=100 X2=200

Indirect programming:

Program code Comment

DEF AXIS AXVAR1 AXVAR2 ; Defining two type AXIS variables.

AXVAR1=(X1) AXVAR2=(X2) ; Assigning the axis names.

AX[AXVAR1]=100 AX[AXVAR2]=200 ; Traversing the axes whose address names are

saved in the variables with the names AXVAR1 and AXVAR2

Example 5: Indirectly programming an axis

Direct programming:

Program code

G2 X100 I20

Indirect programming:

Program code Comment

DEF AXIS AXVAR1=X ; Defining a variable, type AXIS and value

assignment.

G2 X100 IP[AXVAR1]=20 ; Indirect programming the center point data for

the axis, whose address name is saved in the variable with the name AXVAR1.

Example 6: Indirectly programming array elements

Direct programming:

Program code Comment

DEF INT ARRAY1[4,5] ; Defining array 1

Indirect programming:

Program code Comment

DEFINE DIM1 AS 4 ; For array dimensions, array sizes must be

specified as fixed values.

DEFINE DIM2 AS 5

DEF INT ARRAY[DIM1,DIM2]

ARRAY[DIM1-1,DIM2-1]=5

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1.2 Indirect programming

Example 7: Indirect subprogram call

Program code Comment

CALL "L" << R10 ; Call the program, whose number is located in R10

(string cascading).

1.2.2 Indirectly programming G codes

Function

Indirect programming of G codes permits cycles to be effectively programmed.

Syntax

G[<group>]=<number>

Meaning

G[...]: G command with extension (index) <group>:

Index parameter: G function group Type: INT

<number>:

Variable for the G code number Type: INT or REAL

Note

Generally, only G codes that do not determine the syntax can be indirectly programmed.

Only G function group 1 is possible from the G codes that determine the syntax. The syntax-determining G codes of G function groups 2, 3 and 4 are not possible.

Note

Arithmetic functions are not permitted in the indirect G code programming. If it is necessary to calculate the G code number, this must be done in a separate part program line before the indirect G code programming.

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1.2 Indirect programming

Examples

Example 1: Settable zero offset (G function group 8)

Program code Comment

N1010 DEF INT INT_VAR

N1020 INT_VAR=2

...

N1090 G[8]=INT_VAR G1 X0 Y0 ; G54

N1100 INT_VAR=INT_VAR+1 ; G code calculation

N1110 G[8]=INT_VAR G1 X0 Y0 ; G55

Example 2: Level selection (G function group 6)

Program code Comment

N2010 R10=$P_GG[6] ; read active G function of G function

group 6

...

N2090 G[6]=R10

References

For information on the G function groups, see: Programming Manual, Fundamentals; Section "G function groups"

1.2.3 Indirectly programming position attributes (GP)

Function

Position attributes, e.g. the incremental or absolute programming of the axis position, can be indirectly programmed as variables in conjunction with the key word

Application

The indirect programming of position attributes is used in replacement cycles, as in this case, the following advantage exists over programming position attributes as keyword (e.g.

IC, AC, ...):

As a result of the indirect programming as variable, no would otherwise branch for all possible position attributes.

GP.

CASE instruction is required, which

Syntax

<POSITIONING COMMAND>[<axis/spindle>]= GP(<position>,<position attribute) <axis/spindle>=BP(<position>,<position attribute)

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1.2 Indirect programming

Meaning

<POSITIONING COMMAND>[]: The following positioning commands can be programmed

together with the key word GP:

POS, POSA,SPOS, SPOSA

Also possible:  All axis and spindle identifiers present in the channel:

 Variable axis/spindle identifier

<axis/spindle>: Axis/spindle that is to be positioned GP(): Key word for positioning <position>: Parameter 1

Axis/spindle position as constant or variable

<position attribute>: Parameter 2

Position attribute (e.g. position approach mode as a variable (e.g. $P_SUB_SPOSMODE) or as key word (IC, AC, ...)

The values supplied from the variables have the following significance:

Value Meaning Permissible for: 0 No change to the position attribute 1 AC POS, POSA,SPOS, SPOSA,AX, axis address 2 IC POS, POSA,SPOS, SPOSA,AX, axis address 3 DC POS, POSA,SPOS, SPOSA,AX, axis address 4 ACP POS, POSA,SPOS, SPOSA,AX, axis address 5 ACN POS, POSA,SPOS, SPOSA,AX, axis address 6 OC 7 PC 8 DAC POS, POSA,AX, axis address 9 DIC POS, POSA,AX, axis address 10 RAC POS, POSA,AX, axis address 11 RIC POS, POSA,AX, axis address 12 CAC POS, POSA 13 CIC POS, POSA 14 CDC POS, POSA 15 CACP POS, POSA 16 CACN POS, POSA

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1.2 Indirect programming

Example

For an active synchronous spindle coupling between the leading spindle S1 and the following spindle S2, the following replacement cycle to position the spindle is called using

SPOS command in the main program.

the

Positioning is realized using the instruction in

N2230:

SPOS[1]=GP($P_SUB_SPOSIT,$P_SUB_SPOSMODE) SPOS[2]=GP($P_SUB_SPOSIT,$P_SUB_SPOSMODE)

The position to be approached is read from the system variable $P_SUB_SPOSIT; the position approach mode is read from the system variable $P_SUB_SPOSMODE.

Program code Comment

N1000 PROC LANG_SUB DISPLOF SBLOF

...

N2100 IF($P_SUB_AXFCT==2)

N2110 ; Replacement of the SPOS / SPOSA / M19

command for an active synchronous spindle coupling

N2185 DELAYFSTON ; Start of Stop delay area

N2190 COUPOF(S2,S1) ; Deactivate synchronous spindle

coupling

N2200 ; Position leading and following spindle

N2210 IF($P_SUB_SPOS==TRUE) OR ($P_SUB_SPOSA==TRUE)

N2220 ; Positioning the spindle with SPOS:

N2230 SPOS[1]=GP($P_SUB_SPOSIT,$P_SUB_SPOSMODE)

SPOS[2]=GP($P_SUB_SPOSIT,$P_SUB_SPOSMODE)

N2250 ELSE

N2260 ; Positioning the spindle using M19:

N2270 M1=19 M2=19 ; Position leading and following spindle

N2280 ENDIF

N2285 DELAYFSTOF ; End of Stop delay area

N2290 COUPON(S2,S1) ; Activate synchronous spindle coupling

N2410 ELSE

N2420 ; Query on further replacements

...

N3300 ENDIF

...

N9999 RET

Supplementary conditions

● The indirect programming of position attributes is not possible in synchronized actions.

References

Function Manual Basic Functions; BAG, Channel, Program Operation, Reset Response (K1), Section: Replacement of NC functions by subprograms

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1.2 Indirect programming

1.2.4 Indirectly programming part program lines (EXECSTRING)

Function

Using the part program command EXECSTRING, it is possible to execute a previously generated string variable as part program line.

Syntax

EXECSTRING is programmed in a separate part program line:

EXECSTRING (<string_variable>)

Meaning

EXECSTRING: Command to execute a string variable as part program line <string variable>: Type STRING variable, that includes the actual part program line

to be executed

Note

Example

With

EXECSTRING all part program constructions that can be programmed in the program

section of a part program can be extracted. This means that

PROC and DEF instructions are

excluded as well as the general use in INI and DEF files.

Program code Comment

N100 DEF STRING[100] BLOCK ; Definition of string variables to

accept the part program line to be executed.

N110 DEF STRING[10] MFCT1="M7"

...

N200 EXECSTRING(MFCT1 << "M4711") ; Execute part program line "M7 M4711".

...

N300 R10=1

N310 BLOCK="M3"

N320 IF(R10)

N330 BLOCK = BLOCK << MFCT1

N340 ENDIF

N350 EXECSTRING(BLOCK) ; Execute part program line "M3 M7".

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1.3 Arithmetic functions

Function

The arithmetic functions are primarily for R parameters and variables (or constants and functions) of type REAL. The types INT and CHAR are also permitted.

Operator / arithmetic function Meaning

* /

DIV

MOD

: Sin() COS() TAN() ASIN() ACOS() ATAN2(,) SQRT() ABS() POT() TRUNC()

ROUND() LN() EXP() MINVAL ()

MAXVAL ()

Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Notice:

(type INT)/(type INT)=(type REAL); example: 3/4 = 0.75 Division, for variable type INT and REAL Notice:

(type INT)DIV(type INT)=(type INT); example: 3 DIV 4 = 0 Modulo division (only for type INT) supplies remainder of an

INT division Example: 3 MOD 4 = 3 Chain operator (for FRAME variables) Sine Cosine Tangent Arc sine Arc cosine Arc tangent 2 Square root Absolute value 2nd power (square) Integer component The accuracy for comparison commands can be set using

TRUNC (see "Precision correction on comparison errors

RUNC) (Page 73)")

(T Round to integer Natural logarithm Exponential function Lower value of two variables (see "Variable minimum, maximum and range (MINVAL,

MAXVAL and BOUND) (

Page 74)") Larger value of two variables (see "Variable minimum, maximum and range (MINVAL,

MAXVAL and BOUND) (

Page 74)")

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1.3 Arithmetic functions

Programming

Examples

BOUND ()

Variable value within the defined value range (see "Variable minimum, maximum and range (MINVAL,

CTRANS() CROT () CSCALE() CMIRROR()

MAXVAL and BOUND) ( Offset Rotation Change of scale Mirroring

Page 74)")

The usual mathematical notation is used for arithmetic functions. Priorities for execution are indicated by parentheses. Angles are specified for trigonometry functions and their inverse functions (right angle = 90°).

Example 1: ATAN2

The arithmetic function ATAN2 calculates the angle

5 $7$1



of the total vector from two mutually perpendicular vectors.

The result is in one of four

VWYHFWRU

QGYHFWRU

$QJOH r



quadrants (-180° < 0 < +180°).

The angular reference is

5 $7$1

$QJOH r



always based on the 2nd value in the positive direction.

VWYHFWRU



QGYHFWRU

Example 2: Initializing complete variable arrays

Program code Comment

R1=R1+1 ; New R1 = old R1 +1

R1=R2+R3 R4=R5-R6 R7=R8*R9

R10=R11/R12 R13=SIN(25.3)

R14=R1*R2+R3 ; Multiplication or division takes precedence

over addition or subtraction.

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1.4 Comparison and logic operations

Program code Comment

R14=(R1+R2)*R3 ; Parentheses are calculated first.

R15=SQRT(POT(R1)+POT(R2)) ; Inner parentheses are resolved first:

R15 = square root of (R1+R2)

RESFRAME=FRAME1:FRAME2

FRAME3=CTRANS(…):CROT(…)

; The concatenation operator links frames

to form a resulting frame or assigns values to frame components.

1.4 Comparison and logic operations

Function

Comparison operations can be used, for example, to formulate a jump condition. Complex expressions can also be compared.

Programming

The comparison operations are applicable to variables of type code value is compared with the For types for

STRING, AXIS and FRAME, the following are possible: == and <>, which can be used

STRING type operations, even in synchronous actions.

The result of comparison operations is always of

CHAR type.

BOOL type.

Logic operators are used to link truth values.

The logical operations can only be applied to type applied to the

CHAR, INT and REAL data types via internal type conversion.

BOOL variables. However, they can also be

For the logic (Boolean) operations, the following applies to the types:

● 0 corresponds to: FALSE

● Not equal to 0 means: TRUE

Bit-by-bit logic operators

Logic operations can also be applied to single bits of types

CHAR and INT. Type conversion is

automatic.

Relational operator Meaning

== <> > < >= <=

Equal to Not equal to Greater than Less than Greater than or equal to Less than or equal to

CHAR, INT, REAL and BOOL. The

BOOL, CHAR, INT and REAL data

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1.4 Comparison and logic operations

Logic operator Meaning

AND

NOT

XOR

AND OR Negation Exclusive OR

Bit-by-bit logic operator Meaning

B_AND

B_OR

B_NOT

B_XOR

Bit-by-bit AND Bit-by-bit OR Bit-by-bit negation Bit-by-bit exclusive OR

Note

In arithmetic expressions, the execution order of all the operators can be specified by parentheses, in order to override the normal priority rules.

Note

Examples

Spaces must be left between BOOLEAN operands and operators.

Note

The operator

B_NOT only refers to one operand. This is located after the operator.

Example 1: Comparison operators

IF R10>=100 GOTOF DEST

R11=R10>=100 IF R11 GOTOF DEST

The result of the

R10>=100 comparison is first buffered in R11.

Example 2: Logic operators

IF (R10<50) AND ($AA_IM[X]>=17.5) GOTOF DESTINATION

IF NOT R10 GOTOB START

NOT only refers to one operand.

Example 3: Bit-by-bit logic operators

IF $MC_RESET_MODE_MASK B_AND 'B10000' GOTOF ACT_PLANE

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1.5 Precision correction on comparison errors (TRUNC)

Function

The TRUNC command truncates the operand multiplied by a precision factor.

Settable precision for comparison commands

Program data of type REAL are displayed internally with 64 bits in IEEE format. This display format can cause decimal numbers to be displayed imprecisely and lead to unexpected results when compared with the ideally calculated values.

Relative equality

To prevent the imprecision caused by the display format from interfering with program flow, the comparison commands do not check for absolute equality but for relative equality.

Syntax

Precision correction on comparison errors

Significance

TRUNC (R1*1000)

TRUNC: Truncate decimal places

Relative quality of 10

-12

taken into account for

● Equality: (==)

● Inequality: (<>)

● Greater than or equal to: (>=)

● Less than or equal to: (<=)

● Greater/less than: (><) with absolute equality

● Greater than: (>)

● Less than: (<)

Compatibility

For compatibility reasons, the check for relative quality for (>) and (<) can be deactivated by setting machine data MD10280 $MN_ PROG_FUNCTION_MASK Bit0 = 1.

Note

Comparisons with data of type REAL are subject to a certain imprecision for the above reasons. If deviations are unacceptable, use INTEGER calculation by multiplying the operands by a precision factor and then truncating with TRUNC.

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1.6 Variable minimum, maximum and range (MINVAL, MAXVAL and BOUND)

Synchronized actions

The response described for the comparison commands also applies to synchronized actions.

Examples

Example 1: Precision considerations

Program code Comments

N40 R1=61.01 R2=61.02 R3=0.01 ; Assignment of initial values

N41 IF ABS(R2-R1) > R3 GOTOF ERROR ; Jump would have been executed up

until now

N42 M30 ; End of program

N43 ERROR: SETAL(66000) ;

R1=61.01 R2=61.02 R3=0.01 ; Assignment of initial values

R11=TRUNC(R1*1000) R12=TRUNC(R2*1000) R13=TRUNC(R3*1000)

IF ABS(R12-R11) > R13 GOTOF ERROR ; Jump is no longer executed

M30 ; End of program

ERROR: SETAL(66000) ;

; Accuracy correction

Example 2: Calculate and evaluate the quotient of both operands

Program code Comments

R1=61.01 R2=61.02 R3=0.01 ; Assignment of initial values

IF ABS((R2-R1)/R3)-1) > 10EX-5 GOTOF ERROR ; Jump is not executed

M30 ; End of program

ERROR: SETAL(66000) ;

1.6 Variable minimum, maximum and range (MINVAL, MAXVAL and BOUND)

Function

The MINVAL and MAXVAL commands can be used to compare the values of two variables. The smaller value (in the case of delivered as a result.

The

BOUND command can be used to test whether the value of a test variable falls within a

defined range of values.

MINVAL) or the larger value (in the case of MAXVAL) respectively is

Syntax

<smaller value>=MINVAL(<variable1>,<variable2>) <larger value>=MAXVAL(<variable1>,<variable2>) <return value>=<BOUND>(<minimum>,<maximum>,<test variable>)

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1.6 Variable minimum, maximum and range (MINVAL, MAXVAL and BOUND)

Meaning

MINVAL: Obtains the smaller value of two variables (<variable1>,

<variable2>)

<smaller value>: Result variable for the MINVAL command

Set to the smaller variable value.

MAXVAL: Obtains the larger value of two variables (<variable1>,

<variable2>)

<larger value>: Result variable for the MAXVAL command

Set to the larger variable value.

BOUND: Tests whether a variable (<test variable) is within a defined range

of values.

<minimum>: Variable which defines the minimum value of the range of values. <maximum>: Variable which defines the maximum value of the range of values. <return value>: Result variable for the BOUND command

If the value of the test variable is within the defined range of values, the result variable is set to the value of the test variable.

If the value of the test variable is greater than the maximum value, the result variable is set to the maximum value of the definition range.

If the value of the test variable is less than the minimum value, the result variable is set to the minimum value of the definition range.

Note

MINVAL, MAXVAL, and BOUND can also be programmed in synchronized actions.

Note Behavior if values are equal

If the values are equal

MINVAL/MAXVAL are set to this equal value. In the case of BOUND the

value of the variable to be tested is returned again.

Example

Program code Comment

DEF REAL rVar1=10.5, rVar2=33.7, rVar3, rVar4, rVar5, rValMin, rValMax, rRetVar

rValMin=MINVAL(rVar1,rVar2) ; rValMin is set to value 10.5.

rValMax=MAXVAL(rVar1,rVar2) ; rValMax is set to value 33.7.

rVar3=19.7

rRetVar=BOUND(rVar1,rVar2,rVar3) ; rVar3 is within the limits, rRetVar is set to 19.7.

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1.7 Priority of the operations

Program code Comment

rVar3=1.8

rRetVar=BOUND(rVar1,rVar2,rVar3) ; rVar3 is below the minimum limit, rRetVar is set to

10.5.

rVar3=45.2

rRetVar=BOUND(rVar1,rVar2,rVar3) ; rVar3 is above the maximum limit, rRetVar is set to

33.7.

1.7 Priority of the operations

Function

Each operator is assigned a priority. When an expression is evaluated, the operators with the highest priority are always applied first. Where operators have the same priority, the evaluation is from left to right.

In arithmetic expressions, the execution order of all the operators can be specified by parentheses, in order to override the normal priority rules.

Order of operators

From the highest to lowest priority

1. NOT, B_NOT Negation, bit-by-bit negation

2. *, /, DIV, MOD Multiplication, division

3. +, – Addition, subtraction

4. B_AND Bit-by-bit AND

5. B_XOR Bit-by-bit exclusive OR

6. B_OR Bit-by-bit OR

7. AND AND

8. XOR Exclusive OR

9. OR OR

10. << Concatenation of strings, result type STRING

11. ==, <>, >, <, >=, <= Comparison operators

Note

The concatenation operator ":" for Frames must not be used in the same expression as other operators. A priority level is therefore not required for this operator.

Example: IF statement

If (otto==10) and (anna==20) gotof end

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1.8 Possible type conversions

Function

Type conversion on assignment

The constant numeric value, the variable, or the expression assigned to a variable must be compatible with the variable type. If this is this case, the type is automatically converted when the value is assigned.

Possible type conversions

to REAL INT BOOL CHAR STRING AXIS FRAME from REAL yes yes* Yes1) yes* – – – INT yes yes Yes1) Yes BOOL yes yes yes yes yes – – CHAR yes yes Yes STRING – – Yes

yes yes – –

Yes AXIS – – – – – yes – FRAME – – – – – – yes

– – –

yes – –

Explanation

* At type conversion from REAL to INT, fractional values that are >=0.5 are rounded up,

others are rounded down (cf. ROUND function).

Value <> 0 is equivalent to TRUE; value == 0 is equivalent to FALSE

If the value is in the permissible range

If only 1 character

String length 0 = >FALSE, otherwise TRUE

Note

If conversion produces a value greater than the target range, an error message is output.

If mixed types occur in an expression, type conversion is automatic. Type conversions are also possible in synchronous actions, see Chapter "Motion-synchronous actions, implicit type conversion".

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1.9 String operations

Sting operations

In addition to the classic operations "assign" and "comparison" the following string operations are possible:

● Type conversion to STRING (AXSTRING) (Page 78)

● Type conversion from STRING (NUMBER, ISNUMBE

● Concatenation of strings (<<) (Page 81)

● Conversion to lower/upper case letters

● Determine length of string (STRLEN) (Page 83)

● Search for character/string in the s

● Selection of a substring (SUBSTR) (Page 85)

● Reading and writing of individual characters (Page 85)

● Formatting a string (SPRINT) (Page 87)

Special significance of the 0 character

Internally, the 0 character is interpreted as the end identifier of a string. If a character is replaced with the 0 character, the string is truncated.

Example:

Program code Comment

DEF STRING[20] STRG="axis . stationary"

STRG[6]="X"

MSG(STRG) ; Supplies the message "axis X

STRG[6]=0

MSG(STRG) ; Supplies the message "axis".

R, AXNAME) (Page 79)

(TOLOWER,

ring (INDEX, RINDEX, MINDEX, MATCH) (Page 83)

TOUPPER) (Page 82)

stationary".

1.9.1 Type conversion to STRING (AXSTRING)

Function

Using the function "type conversion to STRING" variables of different types can be used as a component of a message (MSG).

When using the << operator this is realized implicitly for data types INT, REAL, CHAR and BOOL (see "Concatenation of strings (<<) (Page 81)")..

An INT value is converted to decimal places.

Type AXIS variables can be converted to STRING using the

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AXSTRING command.

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1.9 String operations

Syntax

<STRING_ERG> = << <any_type> <STRING_ERG> = AXSTRING(<axis identifier>)

Significance

Variable for the result of the type conversion <STRING_ERG>: Type: STRING

<any_type>: Variable types INT, REAL, CHAR, STRING and BOOL AXSTRING: The AXSTRING command supplies the specified axis identifier as

string.

<axis identifier>:

Note

FRAME variables cannot be converted.

Variable for axis identifier Type: AXIS

Examples

Example 1:

MSG("Position:"<<$AA_IM[X])

Example 2: AXSTRING

Program code Comments

DEF STRING[32] STRING_ERG

STRING_ERG=AXSTRING(X) ; STRING_ERG == "X"

1.9.2 Type conversion from STRING (NUMBER, ISNUMBER, AXNAME)

Function

A conversion is made from STRING to REAL using the NUMBER command. The ability to be converted can be checked using the

A string is converted into the axis data type using the

ISNUMBER command.

AXNAME command.

Syntax

<REAL_ERG>=NUMBER("<string>") <BOOL_ERG>=ISNUMBER("<string>") <AXIS_ERG>=AXNAME("<string>")

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1.9 String operations

Meaning

NUMBER: The NUMBER command returns the number represented by the <string> as

REAL value.

<string>: Type STRING variable to be converted

Variable for the result of the type conversion with Type: REAL

ISNUMBER: The ISNUMBER command can be used to check whether the <string> can

be converted into a valid number.

<BOOL_ERG>:

Variable for the result of the interrogation with Type: BOOL Value:

TRUE

ISNUMBER supplies the value TRUE, if the <string> represents a valid REAL number in

compliance with the language rules.

FALSE If

ISNUMBER supplies the value FALSE, when

calling

NUMBER with the same <string>, an alarm

is initiated.

AXNAME: The AXNAME command converts the specified <string> into an axis

identifier. Note:

<string> cannot be assigned a configured axis identifier, an alarm is

If the initiated.

Variable for the result of the type conversion with Type: AXIS

NUMBER <REAL_ERG>:

ISNUMBER

AXNAME <AXIS_ERG>:

Example

Program code Comment

DEF BOOL BOOL_ERG

DEF REAL REAL_ERG

DEF AXIS AXIS_ERG

BOOL_ERG=ISNUMBER("1234.9876Ex-7") ; BOOL_ERG == TRUE

BOOL_ERG=ISNUMBER("1234XYZ") ; BOOL_ERG == FALSE

REAL_ERG=NUMBER("1234.9876Ex-7") ; REAL_ERG == 1234.9876Ex-7

AXIS_ERG=AXNAME("X") ; AXIS_ERG == X

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1.9 String operations

1.9.3 Concatenation of strings (<<)

Function

The function "concatenation strings" allows a string to be configured from individual components.

The concatenation is realized using the operator "<<". This operator has STRING as the target type for all combinations of basic types CHAR, BOOL, INT, REAL, and STRING. Any conversion that may be required is carried out according to existing rules.

Syntax

<any_type> << <any_type>

Meaning

<any_type>: Variable, type CHAR, BOOL, INT, REAL or STRING << : Operator to chain variables (<any_type>) to configure a character string

(type STRING). This operator is also available alone as a so-called "unary" variant. This can

be used for explicit type converter to STRING (not for FRAME and AXIS):

<< <any_type>

Examples

For example, such a message or a command can be configured from text lists and parameters can be inserted (for example a block name):

MSG(STRG_TAB[LOAD_IDX]<<BAUSTEIN_NAME)

Note

The intermediate results of string concatenation must not exceed the maximum string length.

Note

The FRAME and AXIS types cannot be used together with the operator "<<".

Example 1: Concatenation of strings

Program code Comment

DEF INT IDX=2

DEF REAL VALUE=9.654

DEF STRING[20] STRG="INDEX:2"

IF STRG=="Index:"<<IDX GOTOF NO_MSG

MSG("Index:"<<IDX<<"/value:"<<VALUE) ; Display:

"Index:2/value:9.654"

NO_MSG:

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1.9 String operations

Example 2: Explicit type conversion with <<

Program code Comment

DEF REAL VALUE=3.5

<<VALUE ; The specified REAL type variable is converted into a

STRING type.

1.9.4 Conversion to lower/upper case letters (TOLOWER, TOUPPER)

Function

The "conversion to lower/upper case letters" function allows all of the letters of a string to be converted into a standard representation.

Syntax

<STRING_ERG>=TOUPPER("<string>") <STRING_ERG>=TOLOWER("<string>")

Meaning

Example

TOUPPER: Using the TOUPPER command, all of the letters in a character string are

converted into upper case letters.

TOLOWER: Using the TOLOWER command, all of the letters in a character string are

converted into lower case letters.

<string>:

Character string that is to be converted Type: STRING

<STRING_ERG>:

Variable for the result of the conversion Type: STRING

Because user inputs can be initiated on the operator interface, they can be given standard capitalization (upper or lower case):

Program code

DEF STRING [29] STRG ... IF "LEARN.CNC"==TOUPPER(STRG) GOTOF LOAD_LEARN

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1.9.5 Determine length of string (STRLEN)

Function

The STRLEN command can be used to determine the length of a character string.

Syntax

<INT_ERG>=STRLEN("<STRING>")

Meaning

STRLEN: The STRLEN command determines the length of the specified character

string. The number of characters that are not the 0 character, counting from the

beginning of the string is returned.

<string>:

<INT_ERG>:

Character string whose length is to be determined Type: STRING Variable for the result of the determination Type: INT

Example

In conjunction with the single character access, this function allows the end of a character string to be determined:

Program code

IF (STRLEN(BAUSTEIN_NAME)>10) GOTOF ERROR

1.9.6 Search for character/string in the string (INDEX, RINDEX, MINDEX, MATCH)

Function

This functionality searches for single characters or a string within a string. The function results specify where the character/string is positioned in the string that has been searched.

Syntax

INT_ERG=INDEX(STRING,CHAR) ; Result type: INT

INT_ERG=RINDEX(STRING,CHAR) ; Result type: INT

INT_ERG=MINDEX(STRING,STRING) ; Result type: INT

INT_ERG=MATCH(STRING,STRING) ; Result type: INT

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;

1.9 String operations

Semantics

Search functions: It supplies the position in the string (fist parameter) where the search has been successful. If the character/string cannot be found, then the value -1 is returned. The first character has position 0.

Meaning

INDEX: Searches for the character specified as second parameter (from the

beginning) in the first parameter.

RINDEX: Searches for the character specified as second parameter (from the end) in

the first parameter.

MINDEX: Corresponds to the INDEX function, except for the case that a list of

characters is transferred (as string) in which the index of the first found character is returned.

MATCH: Searches for a string in a string.

This allows strings to be broken up according to certain criteria, for example, at positions with blanks or path separators ("/").

Example

Breaking up an input into path and block names

Program code Comment

DEF INT PFADIDX, PROGIDX

DEF STRING[26] INPUT

DEF INT LISTIDX

INPUT = "/_N_MPF_DIR/_N_EXECUTE_MPF"

LISTIDX = MINDEX (INPUT, "M,N,O,P") + 1

PFADIDX = INDEX (INPUT, "/") +1

PROGIDX = RINDEX (INPUT, "/") +1

The SUBSTR function introduced in the

VARIABLE = SUBSTR (INPUT, PFADIDX, PROGIDX-PFADIDX-1)

VARIABLE = SUBSTR (INPUT, PROGIDX)

The value returned in LISTIDX is 3; because "N" is the fist character in the parameter INPUT from the selection list starting from the beginning.

Therefore the following applies: PFADIDX = 1

Therefore the following applies: PROGIDX = 12

next section can be used to break-up variable INPUT into the components "path" and "module":

Then returns "_N_MPF_DIR"

Then returns "_N_EXECUTE_MPF"

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1.9.7 Selection of a substring (SUBSTR)

Function

Arbitrary parts within a string can be read with the SUBSTRING function.

Syntax

<STRING_ERG>=SUBSTR(<string>,<index>,<length>)

<STRING_ERG>=SUBSTR(<string>,<index>)

Meaning

SUBSTR: This function returns a substring from <string>, starting with <index> with the

specified <length>. If the parameter <length> is not specified, the function returns a substring

starting with <index> until the end of the string.

<index>: Start position of the substring within the string. If the start position is after the

end of the string, an empty string (" ") is returned. First character of the string: Index = 0

Range of values: 0 ... (string length - 1)

<length>: Length of the substring. If too long a length is specified, only the substring

up to the end of the string is returned. Range of values: 1 ... (string length - 1)

Example

Program code Comment

DEF STRING[29] ERG

; 1

; 0123456789012345678

ERG = SUBSTR("QUITTUNG: 10 to 99", 10, 2)

ERG = SUBSTR("QUITTUNG: 10 to 99", 10) ; ERG == "10 to 99"

1.9.8 Reading and writing of individual characters

Function

Individual characters can be read and written within a string.

The following supplementary conditions must be observed:

● Only possible with user-defined variables, not with system variables

● Individual characters of a string are only transferred "call by value" for subprogram calls

;

ERG == "10"

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Syntax

Meaning

<string>: Any string <character>: Variable of type CHAR <index>: Position of the character within the string.

First character of the string: Index = 0 Range of values: 0 ... (string length - 1)

Examples

Example 1: Variable message

Program code Comment

; 0123456789

DEF STRING [50] MESSAGE = "Axis n has reached position"

MESSAGE [6] = "X"

MSG (MESSAGE) ; "Axis X has reached position"

Example 2: Evaluating a system variable

Program code Comment

DEF STRING[50] STRG ; Buffer for system variable

...

STRG = $P_MMCA ; Load system variable

IF STRG[0] == "E" GOTO ... ; Evaluating the system variable

Example 3: Parameter transfer "call by value" and "call by reference"

Program code Comment

; 0123456

DEF STRING[50] STRG = "Axis X"

DEF CHAR CHR

...

EXTERN UP_VAL(ACHSE) ; Definition of subprogram with

"call by value" parameters

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Program code Comment

EXTERN UP_REF(VAR ACHSE) ; Definition of subprogram with

"call by reference" parameters

...

UP_VAL(STRG[6]) ; Parameter transfer "by value"

...

CHR = STRG[6] ; Buffer

UP_REF(CHR) ; Parameter transfer "by reference"

1.9.9 Formatting a string (SPRINT)

Function

Using the pre-defined SPRINT function, character strings can be formatted and e.g. prepared for output on external devices (also see "Process DataShare - output to an external

e/file (EXTOPEN, WRITE, EXTCLOSE) (Page 605)").

devic

Syntax

Meaning

"<Result_string>"=SPRINT("<Format_string>",<value_1>,<value_2>,..., <value_n>)

SPRINT: Identifier for a pre-defined function that supplies

a value, type STRING.

"<Format_String>": Character string that contains fixed and variable

elements. The variable elements are defined using the format control character % and a subsequent format description.

< value_1>,< value_2>,…,< value_n>: Value in the form of a constant or NC variables,

which is inserted at the location where the nth format control character % is located, corresponding to the format description in the <format_string>.

"<result_string>": Formatted character string (maximum 400 bytes)

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Format descriptions available

%B: Conversion into the "TRUE" string, if the value to be converted:

 Is not equal to 0.  Is not an empty string (for string values).

Conversion into the "FALSE" string, if the value to be converted:

 Is equal to 0.  Is an empty string.

Example:

N10 DEF BOOL BOOL_VAR=1 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF BOOL_VAR:%B", BOOL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF BOOL_VAR:TRUE" is written to the RESULT string variable.

%C: Conversion into an ASCII character.

Example:

N10 DEF CHAR CHAR_VAR="X" N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF CHAR_VAR:%C",CHAR_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF CHAR_VAR:X is written to the string variable RESULT.

%D: Conversion into a string with an integer value (INTEGER).

Example:

N10 DEF INT INT_VAR=123 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF INT_VAR:%D",INT_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF INT_VAR:123" is written to the string variable RESULT.

%<m>D: Conversion into a string with an integer value (INTEGER). The string has a

minimum length of <m> characters. The missing locations are filled with spaces, left-justified.

Example:

N10 DEF INT INT_VAR=-123 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF INT_VAR:%6D",INT_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF INT_VAR:xx-123" is written to string variable RESULT ("x" in the example represents spaces).

%F: Conversion into a string with a decimal number with 6 decimal places. Where

relevant, the decimal places are rounded-off or filled with 0. Example:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=-1.2341234EX+03 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%F",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:-1234.123400" is written to the string variable RESULT.

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%<m>F

: Conversion into a string with a decimal number with 6 decimal places and a total

length of at least <m> characters. Where relevant, the decimal places are roundedoff or filled with 0. Missing characters are filled up to the total length <m> using spaces, left-justified.

Example:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=-1.23412345678EX+03 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%15F",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR: xx-1234.123457" is written to the string variable RESULT ("x" in the example represents spaces).

%.<n>F: Conversion into a string with a decimal number with <n> decimal places. Where

relevant, the decimal places are rounded-off or filled with 0. Example:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=-1.2345678EX+03 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%.3F",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:-1234.568" is written to the string variable RESULT.

%<m>.<n>F: Conversion into a string with a decimal number with <n> decimal places and a total

length of at least <m> characters. Where relevant, the decimal places are roundedoff or filled with 0. Missing characters are filled up to the total length <m> using spaces, left-justified.

Example:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=-1.2341234567890EX+03 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%10.2F",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:xx-1234.12" is written to the string variable RESULT ("x" in the example represents spaces).

%E: Conversion into a string with a decimal number in the exponential representation.

The mantissa is saved, normalized with one pre-decimal place and 6 decimal places. Where relevant, the decimal places are rounded-off or filled with 0. The exponent starts with the keyword "EX". It is followed by the sign ("+" or "-") and a two or three-digit number.

Example:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=-1234.567890 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%E",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:-1.234568EX+03" is written to the string variable RESULT.

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%<m>E

: Conversion into a string with a decimal number in the exponential representation

and a total length of at least <m> characters. The missing characters are filled with spaces, left-justified. The mantissa is saved, normalized with one pre-decimal place and 6 decimal places. Where relevant, the decimal places are rounded-off or filled with 0. The exponent starts with the keyword "EX". It is followed by the sign ("+" or "-") and a two or three-digit number.

Example:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=-1234.5 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%20E",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:xxxxxx-1.234500EX+03" is written to the string variable RESULT ("x" in the example represents spaces).

%.<n>E: Conversion into a string with a decimal number in the exponential representation.

The mantissa is saved, normalized with one pre-decimal place and <n> decimal places. Where relevant, the decimal places are rounded-off or filled with 0. The exponent starts with the keyword "EX". It is followed by the sign ("+" or "-") and a two or three-digit number.

Example:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=-1234.5678 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%.2E",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:-1.23EX+03" is written to the string variable RESULT.

%<m>.<n>E: Conversion into a string with a decimal number in the exponential representation

and a total length of at least <m> characters. The missing characters are filled with spaces, left-justified. The mantissa is saved, normalized with one pre-decimal place and <n> decimal places. Where relevant, the decimal places are rounded-off or filled with 0. The exponent starts with the keyword "EX". It is followed by the sign ("+" or "-") and a two or three-digit number.

Example:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=-1234.5678 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%12.2E", REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:xx-1.23EX+03" is written to the string variable RESULT ("x" in the example represents spaces).

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: Conversion into a string with a decimal number – depending on the value range – in

a decimal or exponential representation: If the absolute value to be represented is less than 1.0EX-04 or greater than/equal to 1.0EX+06, then the exponential notation is selected, otherwise the decimal notation. A maximum of six significant places are displayed or if required, rounded-off.

Example with decimal notation:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=1.234567890123456EX-04 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%G",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:0.000123457" is written to the string variable RESULT.

Example with exponential notation:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=1.234567890123456EX+06 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%G",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:1.23457EX+06" is written to the string variable RESULT.

%<m>G: Conversion into a string with a decimal number – depending on the value range – in

a decimal or exponential notation (like %G). The string has a total length of at least <m> characters. The missing characters are filled with spaces, left-justified.

Example with decimal notation:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=1.234567890123456EX-04 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%15G",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:xxxx0.000123457" is written to the string variable RESULT ("x" in the example represents spaces).

Example with exponential notation:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=1.234567890123456EX+06 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%15G",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:xxx1.23457EX+06" is written to the string variable RESULT ("x" in the example represents spaces).

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%.<n>G

: Conversion into a string with a decimal number – depending on the value range – in

a decimal or exponential representation. A maximum of <n> significant places are displayed or if required, rounded-off. If the absolute value to be represented is less than 1.0EX-04 or greater than/equal to 1.0EX(+<n>), then the exponential notation is selected, otherwise the decimal notation.

Example with decimal notation:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=1.234567890123456EX-04 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%.3G",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:0.000123" is written to the string variable RESULT.

Example with exponential notation:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=1.234567890123456EX+03 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT = SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%.3G",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:1.23EX+03" is written to the string variable RESULT.

%<m>.<n>G: Conversion into a string with a decimal number – depending on the value range – in

a decimal or exponential notation (like %.<n>G). The string has a total length of at least <m> characters. The missing characters are filled with spaces, left-justified.

Example with decimal notation:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=1.234567890123456EX-04 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%12.4G",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:xxx0.0001235" is written to the string variable RESULT ("x" in the example represents spaces).

Example with exponential notation:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=1.234567890123456EX+04 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:%12.4G",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF REAL_VAR:xx1.235EX+06" is written to the string variable RESULT ("x" in the example represents spaces).

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%.<n>P

: Converting a REAL value into an INTEGER value taking into account <n> decimal

places. The INTEGER value is output as a 32-bit binary number. If the value to be converted cannot be represented with 32 bits, then processing is interrupted with an alarm.

As a byte sequence generated using the format instruction binary zeroes, then the total string that is generated in this way no longer corresponds to the conventions of the NC data type STRING. As a consequence, it can neither be saved in a variable, type STRING, nor be further processed using the string commands of the NC language. The only possible use is to transfer the parameter to the WRITE command with output at an appropriate external device (see the following example).

As soon as the <Format_String> contains a format description, type complete string, with the exception of the binary number generated with %.<n>P, is output corresponding to the MD10750 $MN_SPRINT_FORMAT_P_CODE in the ASCII character code, ISO (DIN6024) or EIA (RS244). If a character that cannot be converted is programmed, then processing is interrupted with an alarm.

Example:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=123.45 N20 DEF INT ERROR N30 DEF STRING[20] EXT_DEVICE="/ext/dev/1" ... N100 EXTOPEN(ERROR,EXT_DEVICE) N110 IF ERROR <> 0 ... ; error handling N200 WRITE(ERROR,EXT_DEVICE,SPRINT("INTEGER BINARY CODED:%.3P",REAL_VAR) N210 IF ERROR <> 0 … ; error handling

Result: The string "INTEGER BINARY CODED: 'H0001E23A'" is transferred to the output device /ext/dev/1. The hexadecimal value 0x0001E23A corresponds to the decimal value 123450.

%.<n>P can also contain

%P then the

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%<m>.<n>P

%S: Inserting a string.

%<m>S: Inserting a string with a minimum of <m> characters. The missing places are filled

: Conversion of a REAL value corresponding to the setting in machine data

MD10751 $MN_SPRINT_FORMAT_P_DECIMAL into a string with:

 An integer of <m> + <n> places or  A decimal number with a maximum of <m> pre-decimal places and precisely

<n> decimal places.

Just the same as for the format description %.<n>P, the complete string is saved in the character code defined by MD10750 $MN_SPRINT_FORMAT_P_CODE.

Conversion for MD10751 = 0: The REAL value is converted into a string with an integer number of <m> + <n>

places. If required, decimal places are rounded-off to <n> places or filled with 0. The missing pre-decimal places are filled with spaces. The minus sign is attached, left-justified; a space is entered instead of the plus sign.

Example:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR=-123.45 N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("PUNCHED TAPE FORMAT:%5.3P",REAL_VAR)

Result: The character string "PUNCHED TAPE FORMAT:-xx123450" is written to the string variable RESULT ("x" in the example represents spaces).

Conversion for MD10751 = 1: The REAL value is converted into a string with a decimal number with a maximum

of <m> pre-decimal places and precisely <n> decimal places. Where necessary, the pre-decimal places are cut-off and the decimal places are rounded-off or filled with 0. If <n> is equal to 0, then the decimal point is also omitted.

Example:

N10 DEF REAL REAL_VAR1=-123.45 N20 DEF REAL REAL_VAR2=123.45 N30 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N40 RESULT=SPRINT("PUNCHED TAPE FORMAT:%5.3P VAR2:%2.0P", REAL_VAR1,REAL_VAR2)

Result: The character string "PUNCHED TAPE FORMAT:-123.450 VAR2:23" is written to the string variable RESULT.

Example:

N10 DEF STRING[16] STRING_VAR="ABCDEFG" N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF STRING_VAR:%S",STRING_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF STRING_VAR:ABCDEFG" is written to the string variable RESULT.

with spaces. Example:

N10 DEF STRING[16] STRING_VAR="ABCDEFG" N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF STRING_VAR:%10S",STRING_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF STRING_VAR:xxxABCDEFG" is written to the string variable RESULT ("x" in the example represents spaces).

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%.<n>S

: Inserting <n> characters of a string (starting with the first character).

Example:

N10 DEF STRING[16] STRING_VAR="ABCDEFG" N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF STRING_VAR:%.3S",STRING_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF STRING_VAR:ABC" is written to the string variable RESULT.

%<m>.<n>S: Inserting <n> characters of a string (starting with the first character). The total

length of the generated string has at least <m> characters. The missing places are filled with spaces.

Example:

N10 DEF STRING[16] STRING_VAR="ABCDEFG" N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("CONTENT OF STRING_VAR:%10.5S", STRING_VAR)

Result: The character string "CONTENT OF STRING_VAR:xxxxxABCDE" is written to the string variable RESULT ("x" in the example represents spaces).

%X: Converting an INTEGER value into a string with the hexadecimal notation.

Example:

N10 DEF INT INT_VAR='HA5B8’ N20 DEF STRING[80] RESULT N30 RESULT=SPRINT("INTEGER HEXADECIMAL:%X",INT_VAR)

Result: The character string "INTEGER HEXADECIMAL:A5B8" is written to the string variable RESULT.

Note

A property of the NC language, where a distinction is not made between upper case and lower case letters for identifiers and keywords, also applies to the format descriptions. As a consequence, you can program using either lower case or upper case letters without any functional difference.

Combination options

The following table provides information as to which NC data types can be combined with which format description. The rules regarding implicit data type conversion apply (see "Data types (Pag

%B + + + + + - - %C - + - - + - - %D + + + + - - - %F - - + + - - -

e 52)").

NC data types

BOOL CHAR INT REAL STRING AXIS FRAME

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NC data types

%E - - + + - - - %G - - + + - - - %S - + - - + - - %X + + + - - - - %P - - + + - - -

Note

The table indicates that the NC data types AXIS and FRAME cannot be directly used in the SPRINT function. However it is possible:

 To convert the AXIS data type into a string using the AXSTRING function – which can

then be processed with SPRINT.

 To read the individual values of the FRAME data type per frame component access. As a

consequence, a REAL data type is obtained, which can be processed with SPRINT.

1.10 Program jumps and branches

1.10.1 Return jump to the start of the program (GOTOS)

Function

The GOTOS command can be used to jump back to the beginning of a main or sub program in order to repeat the program.

Machine data can be used to set that for every return jump to the beginning of the program:

● The program runtime is set to "0".

● Workpiece counting is incremented by the value "1".

Syntax

GOTOS

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Meaning

GOTOS:

Jump instruction where the destination is the beginning of the program. The execution is controlled via the NC/PLC interface signal: DB21, to DBX384.0 (control program branching) Value: Meaning: 0 No return jump to the beginning of the program. Program execution

is resumed with the next part program block after

GOTOS.

1 Return jump to the beginning of the program. The part program is

repeated.

Supplementary conditions

● GOTOS internally initiates a STOPRE (pre-processing stop).

● For a subprogram with data definitions (LUD variables) with the

GOTOS a jump is made to

the first program block after the definition section, i.e. data definitions are not executed again. This is the reason that the defined variables retain the value reached in the block and are not reset to the standard values programmed in the definition section.

● The

GOTOS command is not available in synchronized actions and technology cycles.

Example

Program code Comment

N10 ... ; Beginning of the program

...

N90 GOTOS ; Jump to beginning of the program

...

1.10.2 Program jumps to jump markers (GOTOB, GOTOF, GOTO, GOTOC)

Function

Jump markers (labels) can be set in a program, that can be jumped to from another location within the same program using the commands execution is resumed with the instruction that immediately follows the destination marker. This means that branches can be realized within the program.

GOTOF, GOTOB, GOTO or GOTOC. Program

GOTOS

In addition to jump markers, main and sub-block numbers are possible as jump designation.

If a jump condition (

IF ...) is formulated before the jump instruction, the program jump is

only executed if the jump condition is fulfilled.

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Syntax

GOTOB <jump destination> IF <jump condition> = TRUE GOTOB <jump destination> GOTOF <jump destination> IF <jump condition> = TRUE GOTOF <jump destination> GOTO <jump destination> IF <jump condition> = TRUE GOTO <jump destination> GOTOC <jump destination> IF <jump condition> = TRUE GOTOC <jump destination>

Meaning

GOTOB: Jump instruction with jump destination towards the beginning of the

program.

GOTOF: Jump instruction with jump destination towards the end of the program. GOTO: Jump instruction with jump destination search. The search is first made

in the direction of the end of the program, then in the direction of the beginning of the program.

GOTOC: Same effect as for GOTO with the difference that Alarm 14080 "Jump

designation not found" is suppressed. This means that program execution is not interrupted in the case that

the jump destination search is unsuccessful – but is continued with the program line following the GOTOC command.

<jump destination>:

IF: Keyword to formulate the jump condition.

Jump destination parameter Possible data include: <jump marker>: Jump destination is the jump marker (label) set

in the program with a user-defined name: <

marker>:

jump

<block number>: Jump destination is main block or sub-block

number (e.g.:

200, N300)

STRING type variable: Variable jump destination. The variable stands

for a jump marker or a block number.

The jump condition permits all comparison and logical operations (result: TRUE or FALSE). The program jump is executed if the result of this operation is TRUE.

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1.10 Program jumps and branches

Note Jump markers (labels)

Jump markers are always located at the beginning of a block. If a program number exists, the jump marker is located immediately after the block number.

The following rules apply when naming jump markers:  Number of characters:

– Minimum 2 – Maximum 32

 Permissible characters are:

– Letters – Numbers – Underscores

 The first two characters must be letters or underscores.  The name of the jump marker is followed by a colon (":").

Supplementary conditions

● The jump destination can only be a block with jump marker or block number, that is located within the program.

● A jump instruction without jump condition must be programmed in a separate block. This restriction does not apply to jump instructions with jump conditions. In this case, several jump instructions can be formulated in a block.

● For programs with jump instructions without jump conditions, the end of the program

M2/M30 doesn't necessarily have to be be at the end of the program.

Examples

Example 1: Jumps to jump markers

Program code Comment

N10 …

N20 GOTOF Label_1 ; Jump towards the end of the program to the jump

N30 …

N40 Label_0: R1=R2+R3 ; Jump marker "Label_0" set.

N50 …

N60 Label_1: ; Jump marker "Label_1" set.

N70 …

N80 GOTOB Label_0 ; Jump in the direction of the beginning of the

N90 …

marker "Label_1".

program to the jump marker "Label_0".

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Flexible NC programming

1.10 Program jumps and branches

Example 2: Indirect jump to the block number

Program code Comment

N5 R10=100

N10 GOTOF "N"<<R10 ; Jump to the block whose block number is located

in R10.

...

N90 ...

N100 ... ; Jump destination

N110 ...

...

Example 3: Jump to variable jump destination

Program code Comment

DEF STRING[20] DESTINATION

DESTINATION = "Marker2"

GOTOF DESTINATION ; Jump in the direction of the end of the program

to the variable jump destination DESTINATION.

Marker 1: T="Drill1"

...

Marker 2: T="Drill2" ; Jump destination

...

Example 4: Jump with jump condition

Program code Comment

N40 R1=30 R2=60 R3=10 R4=11 R5=50 R6=20 ; Assignment of the initial values.

N41 LA1: G0 X=R2*COS(R1)+R5 Y=R2*SIN(R1)+R6 ; Jump marker LA1 set.

N42 R1=R1+R3 R4=R4-1

N43 IF R4>0 GOTOB LA1 ; If the jump condition is

N44 M30 ; End of program

1.10.3 Program branch (CASE ... OF ... DEFAULT ...)

Function

The CASE function provides the possibility of checking the actual value (type: INT) of a variable or an arithmetic function and, depending on the result, to jump to different positions in the program.

fulfilled, then a jump in the direction of the beginning of the program to jump marker LA1.

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siemens 840D Programming Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Preface

Table of contents

Flexible NC programming

1.1 Variables

1.1.1 System variable

1.1.2 Predefined user variables: Arithmetic parameters (R)

1.1.3 Predefined user variables: Link variables

1.1.4 Definition of user variables (DEF)

1.1.5 Redefinition of system variables, user variables, and NC language commands (REDEF)

1.1.6 Attribute: Initialization value

1.1.7 Attribute: Limit values (LLI, ULI)

1.1.8 Attribute: Physical unit (PHU)

1.1.9 Attribute: Access rights (APR, APW, APRP, APWP, APRB, APWB)

1.1.10 Overview of definable and redefinable attributes

1.1.11 Definition and initialization of array variables (DEF, SET, REP)

1.1.12 Definition and initialization of array variables (DEF, SET, REP): Further Information

1.1.13 Data types

1.1.14 Explicit data type conversions (AXTOINT, INTTOAX)

1.1.15 Check availability of a variable (ISVAR)

1.1.16 Read attribute values / data type (GETVARPHU, GETVARAP, GETVARLIM, GETVARDFT, GETVARTYP)

1.2 Indirect programming

1.2.1 Indirectly programming addresses

1.2.2 Indirectly programming G codes

1.2.3 Indirectly programming position attributes (GP)

1.2.4 Indirectly programming part program lines (EXECSTRING)

1.3 Arithmetic functions

1.4 Comparison and logic operations

1.5 Precision correction on comparison errors (TRUNC)

1.6 Variable minimum, maximum and range (MINVAL, MAXVAL and BOUND)

1.7 Priority of the operations

Possible type conversions

1.9 String operations

1.9.1 Type conversion to STRING (AXSTRING)

1.9.2 Type conversion from STRING (NUMBER, ISNUMBER, AXNAME)

1.9.3 Concatenation of strings (<<)

1.9.4 Conversion to lower/upper case letters (TOLOWER, TOUPPER)

1.9.5 Determine length of string (STRLEN)

1.9.6 Search for character/string in the string (INDEX, RINDEX, MINDEX, MATCH)

1.9.7 Selection of a substring (SUBSTR)

1.9.8 Reading and writing of individual characters

1.9.9 Formatting a string (SPRINT)

1.10 Program jumps and branches

1.10.1 Return jump to the start of the program (GOTOS)

1.10.2 Program jumps to jump markers (GOTOB, GOTOF, GOTO, GOTOC)

1.10.3 Program branch (CASE ... OF ... DEFAULT ...)