siemens 828D Programming Manual

SINUMERIK

SINUMERIK 840D sl / 828D Fundamentals

Programming Manual

Preface Fundamental Geometrical

Principles Fundamental Principles of

NC Programming

Creating an NC program

Tool change

Tool offsets

Spindle motion

Feed control

Geometry settings

Motion commands

Tool radius compensation

Path action Coordinate transformations

(frames)

Auxiliary function outputs

Supplementary commands

Other information

Tables

Appendix

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Valid for

Control SINUMERIK 840D sl / 840DE sl SINUMERIK 828D

Software Version CNC software 4.5 SP2

03/2013

6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Legal information Warning notice system

This manual contains notices you have to observe in order to ensure your personal safety, as well as to prevent damage to property. The notices referring to your personal safety are highlighted in the manual by a safety alert symbol, notices referring only to property damage have no safety alert symbol. These notices shown below are graded according to the degree of danger.

DANGER

indicates that death or severe personal injury will result if proper precautions are not taken.

WARNING

indicates that death or severe personal injury may result if proper precautions are not taken.

CAUTION

indicates that minor personal injury can result if proper precautions are not taken.

NOTICE indicates that property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken.

If more than one degree of danger is present, the warning notice representing the highest degree of danger will be used. A notice warning of injury to persons with a safety alert symbol may also include a warning relating to property damage.

Qualified Personnel

The product/system described in this documentation may be operated only by personnel qualified for the specific task in accordance with the relevant documentation, in particular its warning notices and safety instructions. Qualified personnel are those who, based on their training and experience, are capable of identifying risks and avoiding potential hazards when working with these products/systems.

Proper use of Siemens products

Note the following:

WARNING

Siemens products may only be used for the applications described in the catalog and in the relevant technical documentation. If products and components from other manufacturers are used, these must be recommended or approved by Siemens. Proper transport, storage, installation, assembly, commissioning, operation and maintenance are required to ensure that the products operate safely and without any problems. The permissible ambient conditions must be complied with. The information in the relevant documentation must be observed.

Trademarks

All names identified by ® are registered trademarks of Siemens AG. The remaining trademarks in this publication may be trademarks whose use by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights of the owner.

Disclaimer of Liability

We have reviewed the contents of this publication to ensure consistency with the hardware and software described. Since variance cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full consistency. However, the information in this publication is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections are included in subsequent editions.

Siemens AG

Industry Sector Postfach 48 48 90026 NÜRNBERG GERMANY

Order number: 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1 Ⓟ 04/2013 Technical data subject to change

Preface

SINUMERIK documentation

The SINUMERIK documentation is organized in the following categories:

● General documentation

● User documentation

● Manufacturer/service documentation

Additional information

You can find information on the following topics at www.siemens.com/motioncontrol/docu:

● Ordering documentation/overview of documentation

● Additional links to download documents

● Using documentation online (find and search in manuals/information)

Please send any questions about the technical documentation (e.g. suggestions for improvement, corrections) to the following address:

docu.motioncontrol@siemens.com

My Documentation Manager (MDM)

Under the following link you will find information to individually compile OEM-specific machine documentation based on the Siemens content:

www.siemens.com/mdm

Training

For information about the range of training courses, refer under:

● www.siemens.com/sitrain

SITRAIN - Siemens training for products, systems and solutions in automation technology

● www.siemens.com/sinutrain

SinuTrain - training software for SINUMERIK

Fundamentals Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Preface

FAQs

You can find Frequently Asked Questions in the Service&Support pages under Product Support. http://support.automation.siemens.com

SINUMERIK

You can find information on SINUMERIK under the following link:

www.siemens.com/sinumerik

Target group

This publication is intended for:

● Programmers

● Project engineers

Benefits

With the programming manual, the target group can develop, write, test, and debug programs and software user interfaces.

Standard scope

This Programming Manual describes the functionality afforded by standard functions. Extensions or changes made by the machine tool manufacturer are documented by the machine tool manufacturer.

Other functions not described in this documentation might be executable in the control. This does not, however, represent an obligation to supply such functions with a new control or when servicing.

Further, for the sake of simplicity, this documentation does not contain all detailed information about all types of the product and cannot cover every conceivable case of installation, operation or maintenance.

Technical Support

You will find telephone numbers for other countries for technical support in the Internet under http://www.siemens.com/automation/service&support

Fundamentals

4 Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Preface

Information on structure and contents

"Fundamentals" and "Job planning" Programming Manual

The description of the NC programming is divided into two manuals:

1. Fundamentals

This "Fundamentals" Programming Manual is intended for use by skilled machine operators with the appropriate expertise in drilling, milling and turning operations. Simple programming examples are used to explain the commands and statements which are also defined according to DIN 66025.

2. Job planning

The "Job planning" Programming Manual is intended for use by technicians with in-depth, comprehensive programming knowledge. By virtue of a special programming language, the SINUMERIK control enables the user to program complex workpiece programs (e.g. for free-form surfaces, channel coordination, ...) and makes programming of complicated operations easy for technologists.

Availability of the described NC language elements

All NC language elements described in the manual are available for the SINUMERIK 840D sl. The availability regarding SINUMERIK 828D can be found in table "Operations: Availability for SINUMER

IK 828D (Page 455)".

Fundamentals Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Preface

Fundamentals

6 Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Preface ...................................................................................................................................................... 3

1 Fundamen

1.1 Workpiece pos

1.1.1 Workpiece c

1.1.2 Cartesian c

1.1.3 Polar coordinates .......................................................................................................

1.1.4 Abso

1.1.5 Incr

1.2 Working planes

1.3 Zero points

1.4 Coordinate sys

1.4.1 Mach

1.4.2 Basi

1.4.3 Basi

1.4.4 Settable ze

1.4.5 Workpiece c

1.4.6 What is the relation

2 Fundamen

2.1 Name of an NC program.....................................................................................................

2.2 Struct

2.2.1 Blocks

2.2.2 Block

2.2.3 Value assi

2.2.4 Comments................................................................................................................

2.2.5 Skipping block

tal Geometrical Principles ....................................................................................................... 13

itions.....................................................................................................................13

oordinate systems....................................................................................................13

oordinates..................................................................................................................14

lute dimensions....................................................................................................................18

emental dimension.................................................................................................................20

............................................................................................................................21

and reference points .................................................................................................22

tems .....................................................................................................................24

ine coordinate system (MCS)..............................................................................................24

c coordinate system (BCS) ...................................................................................................27

c zero system (BZS) .............................................................................................................29

ro system (SZS).........................................................................................................30

oordinate system (WCS)..........................................................................................31

ship between the various coordinate systems?............................................31

tal Principles of NC Programming........................................................................................... 33

ure and contents of an NC program...................................................................................35

and block components .....................................................................................................35

rules....................................................................................................................................37

gnments.......................................................................................................................38

s ............................................................................................................................39

..................17

.........33

....................39

3 Creating

3.1 Basi

3.2 Available c

3.3 Program header ............................................................................................................

3.4 Program exa

3.4.1 Example 1: Firs

3.4.2 Example 2: NC program for turning

3.4.3 Example 3: NC program for milling

4 Tool chan

4.1 Tool change without tool m

4.1.1 Tool change with T c

4.1.2 Tool ch

4.2 Tool change with tool management (opti

Fundamentals Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

an NC program.......................................................................................................................... 43

c procedure ...........................................................................................................................43

haracters.....................................................................................................................44

mples.......................................................................................................................47

t programming steps ...........................................................................................47

.............................................................................................48

..............................................................................................50

ge............................................................................................................................................. 53

anagement........................................................................................53

ommand......................................................................................................53

ange with M6....................................................................................................................54

on)................................................................................56

...............45

Table of contents

4.2.1 Tool change with T command with active tool management (option)......................................... 56

4.2.2 Tool change with M6 with active tool management (option)....................................................... 58

4.3 Behavio

5 Tool o

ffsets.............................................................................................................................................. 61

5.1 General information about the tool offsets

r with faulty T programming ........................................................................................... 60

.................................................................................. 61

5.2 Tool length compensation..................................................................................................

5.3 Tool radius

5.4 Tool compens

5.5 Tool types

5.5.1 General information about the tool types

5.5.2 Milling tools

5.5.3 Drills ..................................................................................................................

5.5.4 Grinding tools ..........................................................................................................

5.5.5 Turning tools

5.5.6 Specia

5.5.7 Chaining rule ...........................................................................................................

5.6 Tool offset call (D)

5.7 Change in the tool offset data

compensation........................................................................................................... 63

ation memory........................................................................................................ 64

.................................................................................................................................... 65

.................................................................................... 65

................................................................................................................................. 66

.......................... 68

.................... 69

............................................................................................................................... 70

l tools................................................................................................................................ 71

.................... 72

....................................................................................................................... 73

..................................................................................................... 75

5.8 Programmable tool offset (TOFFL, TOFF, TOFFR).................................................................... 76

6 S

pindle mot

6.1 Spindle speed (S), spi

ion......................................................................................................................................... 81

ndle direction of rotation (M3, M4, M5).................................................... 81

......... 62

6.2 Cutting rate (

6.3 Cons

6.4 Cons

6.5 Programmable sp

7 Feed cont

rol........................................................................................................................................... 101

tant cutting rate (G96/G961/G962, G97/G971/G972, G973, LIMS, SCC) ......................... 92

tant grinding wheel peripheral speed (GWPSON, GWPSOF)............................................ 97

SVC)....................................................................................................................... 85

indle speed limitation (G25, G26)................................................................... 99

7.1 Feedrate (G93, G94, G95, F, FGROUP, FL, FGREF)

7.2 Travers

7.3 Position-controlled spindle mode (SP

7.4 Positioning spindles

7.5 Feedrate for pos

7.6 Programmable feedrate ov

7.7 Programmable acc

e positioning axes (POS, POSA, POSP, FA, WAITP, WAITMC) ................................. 110

CON, SPCOF) ............................................................... 113

(SPOS, SPOSA, M19, M70, WAITS)....................................................... 115

itioning axes / spindles (FA, FPR, FPRAON, FPRAOF) ................................ 123

erride (OVR, OVRRAP, OVRA) ..................................................... 127

eleration override (ACC) (option)................................................................ 129

7.8 Feedrate with handwheel override (FD

7.9 Feedrate opti

7.10 S

everal feedrate values in one block (F, ST, SR, FMA, STA, SRA)......................................... 137

7.11 Non-modal

7.12 Tooth feedrat

mization for curved path sections (CFTCP, CFC, CFIN)..................................... 135

feedrate (FB) .......................................................................................................... 141

e (G95 FZ) ........................................................................................................... 142

.............................................................. 101

, FDA) .......................................................................... 131

Fundamentals

8 Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Table of contents

8 Geometry settings.................................................................................................................................. 149

8.1 Settable zero offset (G54 to G57, G505 to G599, G53, G500, SUPA, G153)...........................149

8.2 Selection of the worki

8.3 Dimensions

8.3.1 Abso

8.3.2 Incr

lute dimensions (G90, AC).................................................................................................156

emental dimensions (G91, IC) .............................................................................................159

................................................................................................................................156

8.3.3 Absolute and incremental dimensi

8.3.4 Abso

8.3.5 Inch

8.3.6 Channel

lute dimensions for rotary axes (DC, ACP, ACN)..............................................................163

or metric dimensions (G70/G700, G71/G710) ...................................................................165

-specific diameter/radius programming (DIAMON, DIAM90, DIAMOF,

ng plane (G17/G18/G19).........................................................................153

ons for turning and milling (G90/G91) .................................162

DIAMCYCOF) ............................................................................................................................168

8.3.7

Axis-specific

diameter/radius programming (DIAMONA, DIAM90A, DIAMOFA,

DIACYCOFA, DIAMCHANA, DIAMCHAN, DAC, DIC, RAC, RIC)............................................170

8.4

9 Motion commands

Position of workpiec

................................................................................................................................. 177

9.1 General information about the travel commands

9.2 Trav

el commands with Cartesian coordinates (G0, G1, G2, G3, X..., Y..., Z...)........................179

9.3 Travel commands

9.3.1 Referenc

9.3.2 Trav

e point of the polar coordinates (G110, G111, G112).................................................180

el commands with polar coordinates (G0, G1, G2, G3, AP, RP)........................................182

e for turning................................................................................................175

.......................................................................177

with polar coordinates ..................................................................................180

9.4 Rapid traverse motion (G0, RTLION, RTLIOF) .........................................................................186

9.5 Linear interpolation (G1) .................................................................................................

...........190

9.6 Circular interpolation

9.6.1 Circular interpolation types

9.6.2 Circular

9.6.3 Circular

9.6.4 Circular

interpolation with center point and end point (G2/G3, X... Y... Z..., I... J... K...) ...........196

interpolation with radius and end point (G2/G3, X... Y... Z..., CR) ...............................199

interpolation with opening angle and center point (G2/G3, X... Y... Z.../ I... J...

..................................................................................................................192

(G2/G3, ...) .....................................................................................192

K..., AR)......................................................................................................................................201

9.6.5

Circular

9.6.6 Circular

interpolation with polar coordinates (G2/G3, AP, RP)..................................................203

interpolation with intermediate point and end point (CIP, X... Y... Z..., I1... J1...

K1...)...........................................................................................................................................205

9.6.7

Circular

9.7 Helica

9.8 Invo

9.9 Contour definitions .......................................................................................................

interpolation with tangential transition (CT, X... Y... Z...)..............................................208

l interpolation (G2/G3, TURN) .........................................................................................211

lute interpolation (INVCW, INVCCW)..................................................................................214

..............219

9.9.1 Contour definition programming.................................................................................................219

9.9.2 Contour definitions

9.9.3 Contour definitions

9.9.4 Contour definitions: Three s

9.9.5 Contour definitions: End point programming with angle

9.10 Thread cutting

: One straight line.........................................................................................220

: Two straight lines.......................................................................................221

traight lines ....................................................................................225

............................................................228

............................................................................................................................229

9.10.1 Thread cutting with constant lead (G33, SF) .............................................................................229

9.10.2 Programmed run-in and run-out path (DI

9.10.3 Thre

ad cutting with increasing or decreasing lead (G34, G35) .................................................237

TS, DITE):..................................................................235

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Table of contents

9.10.4 Fast retraction during thread cutting (LFON, LFOF, DILF, ALF, LFTXT, LFWP, LFPOS,

POLF, POLFMASK, POLFMLIN).............................................................................................. 239

9.11 Tapping

9.11.1 Tapping without compensating chuck (G331, G332)

9.11.2 Tapping with compensating chuck (G63)

9.12 Chamfer, rounding (CHF, CHR, RND,

10 Tool r

adius compensation...................................................................................................................... 257

10.1 Tool radius

10.2 Appro

10.3 Compensa

..................................................................................................................................... 243

................................................................ 243

.................................................................................. 248

RNDM, FRC, FRCM)................................................... 250

compensation (G40, G41, G42, OFFN) ................................................................. 257

aching and leaving contour (NORM, KONT, KONTC, KONTT)...................................... 267

tion at the outside corners (G450, G451, DISC) ..................................................... 274

10.4 Smooth approach and retraction...........................................................................................

10.4.1 Appro

ach and retraction (G140 to G143, G147, G148, G247, G248, G347, G348, G340,

G341, DISR, DISCL, DISRP, FAD, PM, PR) ............................................................................ 278

Appro

10.4.2

10.5 Collisi

ach and retraction with extended retraction strategies (G460, G461, G462).................. 289

on detection (CDON, CDOF, CDOF2) ............................................................................ 293

10.6 2D tool compensation (CUT2D, CUT2DF)................................................................................ 296

10.7 Keep tool ra

10.8 Tools with a relevant cutting edge positi

11 Pa

th action............................................................................................................................................. 305

11.1 Exac

t stop (G60, G9, G601, G602, G603)................................................................................ 305

dius compensation constant (CUTCONON, CUTCONOF) ................................... 300

on............................................................................... 302

.... 278

11.2 Contin

12 Coordinat

12.1 Frames ...................................................................................................................

12.2 Frame instructions

12.3 Programmable ze

12.3.1 Zero offset (TRANS, ATRAN

12.3.2 Axial z

uous-path mode (G64, G641, G642, G643, G644, G645, ADIS, ADISPOS)................. 308

e transformations (frames) ..................................................................................................... 319

................... 319

..................................................................................................................... 321

ro offset......................................................................................................... 326

S)................................................................................................. 326

ero offset (G58, G59)...................................................................................................... 330

12.4 Programmable rotation (ROT, AROT, RPL) ............................................................................. 333

12.5 Programma

12.6 Programmable sc

ble frame rotations with solid angles (ROTS, AROTS, CROTS) ........................... 340

aling factor (SCALE, ASCALE)..................................................................... 342

12.7 Programmable mirroring (MIRROR, AMIRROR) ...................................................................... 345

12.8 Frame

generation according to tool orientation (TOFRAME, TOROT, PAROT):..................... 351

12.9 Deselect frame (G53, G153, SUPA, G500) .............................................................................. 354

12.10 Des

13 Auxiliary function outputs

13.1 M functions

14 Supplementary co

electing overlaid movements (DRFOF, CORROF) ............................................................ 355

....................................................................................................................... 359

................................................................................................................................ 362

mmands .................................................................................................................... 367

14.1 Output messages

Fundamentals

(MSG) .......................................................................................................... 367

10 Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Table of contents

14.2 Writing string in OPI variable (WRTPR).....................................................................................369

14.3 Working area limitation ..............................................................................................................370

14.3.1 Wo

14.3.2 Working area limitation in WCS/SZS (WALCS0 ... WALCS10)

rking area limitation in BCS (G25/G26, WALIMON, WALIMOF)..........................................370

.................................................373

14.4 Reference point approach (G74) ...........................................................................................

14.5 Approaching a fix

14.6 Travel to fix

ed point (G75) ................................................................................................377

ed stop (FXS, FXST, FXSW) ..................................................................................381

14.7 Dwell time (G4) ..........................................................................................................

14.8 Internal preprocess

15 Other

information................................................................................................................................... 389

15.1 Axes

...........................................................................................................................................389

15.1.1 Main axes/Geometry

15.1.2 Special ax

15.1.3 Main spindle,

15.1.4 Mach

ine axes.............................................................................................................................392

es...............................................................................................................................391

ing stop........................................................................................................388

axes .........................................................................................................390

master spindle .....................................................................................................392

15.1.5 Channel axes ...........................................................................................................

15.1.6 Path axe

15.1.7 Posi

15.1.8 Synchroniz

15.1.9 Command axes

s ...................................................................................................................................393

tioning axes.........................................................................................................................393

ed axes.....................................................................................................................394

..........................................................................................................................394

15.1.10 PLC axes..............................................................................................................

15.1.11 Link

axes....................................................................................................................................395

15.1.12 Lead link axes ........................................................................................................

15.2 From travel

15.3 Path calculation

command to machine movement ...........................................................................399

..........................................................................................................................399

....376

................386

..................392

......................395

....................397

15.4 Addresse

s ..................................................................................................................................400

15.5 Identifier ...............................................................................................................

15.6 Constant

16 Tables......................................................

s...................................................................................................................................404

.............................................................................................. 407

16.1 Operations...............................................................................................................

16.2 Operations: Availability for SINUMERIK

16.3 Addresse

16.3.1 Address letters

16.3.2 Fixed address

16.3.3 Settable addresses

16.4 G Functions

s ..................................................................................................................................479

...........................................................................................................................479

es.........................................................................................................................480

....................................................................................................................484

................................................................................................................................490

828D ..........................................................................455

16.5 Predefined procedures....................................................................................................

16.6 Predefined procedures in synchroni

zed actions........................................................................535

16.7 Predefined functions .....................................................................................................

16.8 Currently set language in the HMI

Fundamentals Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

.............................................................................................550

......................402

...................407

...........511

.............536

Table of contents

A Appendix................................................................................................................................................ 551

A.1 List of abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 551

A.2 Docu

Glos

Index

mentation overview........................................................................................................... 560

sary ................................................................................................................................................ 561

...................................................................................................................................................... 583

Fundamentals

12 Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.1 Workpiece positions

1.1.1 Workpiece coordinate systems

In order that the machine or the controller can work with the positions specified in the NC program, these specifications have to be made in a reference system that can be transferred to the directions of motion of the machine axes. A coordinate system with the axes X, Y and Z is used for this purpose.

DIN 66217 stipulates that machine tools must use clockwise, right-angled (Cartesian) coordinate systems.

<

= ;

r

=

; <

r

r:

;

<

Workpiece coordinate system for turning

The workpiece zero (W) is the origin of the workpiece coordinate system.

Sometimes it is advisable or even necessary to work with negative position specifications. For this reason, positions that are to the left of the zero point are assigned a negative sign ("-").

=

<

Workpiece coordinate system for milling

=

r

;

Fundamentals Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.1 Workpiece positions

1.1.2 Cartesian coordinates

The axes in the coordinate system are assigned dimensions. In this way, it is possible to clearly describe every point in the coordinate system and therefore every workpiece position through the direction (X, Y and Z) and three numerical values The workpiece zero always has the coordinates X0, Y0, and Z0.

Position specifications in the form of Cartesian coordinates

To simplify things, we will only consider one plane of the coordinate system in the following example, the X/Y plane:

<



3

;



3







<

3



;



3

Points P1 to P4 have the following coordinates:

Position Coordinates P1 X100 Y50 P2 X-50 Y100 P3 X-105 Y-115 P4 X70 Y-75

Fundamentals

14 Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.1 Workpiece positions

Example: Workpiece positions for turning

With lathes, one plane is sufficient to describe the contour:

;

3

3 3

3















Points P1 to P4 have the following coordinates:

Position Coordinates P1 X25 Z-7.5 P2 X40 Z-15 P3 X40 Z-25 P4 X60 Z-35

Fundamentals Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.1 Workpiece positions

Example: Workpiece positions for milling

For milling, the feed depth must also be described, i.e. the third coordinate (in this case Z) must also be assigned a numerical value.





<





3

3

3

;





3

3

3





<

=



Points P1 to P3 have the following coordinates:

Position Coordinates P1 X10 Y45 Z-5 P2 X30 Y60 Z-20 P3 X45 Y20 Z-15

Fundamentals

16 Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.1 Workpiece positions

1.1.3 Polar coordinates

Polar coordinates can be used instead of Cartesian coordinates to describe workpiece positions. This is useful when a workpiece or part of a workpiece has been dimensioned with radius and angle. The point from which the dimensioning starts is called the "pole".

Position specifications in the form of polar coordinates

Polar coordinates are made up of the polar radius and the polar angle.

The polar radius is the distance between the pole and the position.

The polar angle is the angle between the polar radius and the horizontal axis of the working plane. Negative polar angles are in the clockwise direction, positive polar angles in the counterclockwise direction.

Example

3

3



r

3ROH







r

;

Points P1 and P2 can then be described – with reference to the pole – as follows:

Position Polar coordinates P1 RP=100 AP=30 P2 RP=60 AP=75 RP: Polar radius AP: Polar angle

Fundamentals Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.1 Workpiece positions

1.1.4 Absolute dimensions

Position specifications in absolute dimensions

With absolute dimensions, all the position specifications refer to the currently valid zero point.

Applied to tool movement this means:

the position, to which the tool is to travel.

Example: Turning

;

3

3 3

3















In absolute dimensions, the following position specifications result for points P1 to P4:

Position Position specification in absolute dimensions P1 X25 Z-7.5 P2 X40 Z-15 P3 X40 Z-25 P4 X60 Z-35

Fundamentals

18 Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.1 Workpiece positions

Example: Milling

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In absolute dimensions, the following position specifications result for points P1 to P3:

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Position Position specification in absolute dimensions P1 X20 Y35 P2 X50 Y60 P3 X70 Y20

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Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.1 Workpiece positions

1.1.5 Incremental dimension

Position specifications in incremental dimensions

In production drawings, the dimensions often do not refer to a zero point, but to another workpiece point. So that these dimensions do not have to be converted, they can be specified in incremental dimensions. In this method of dimensional notation, a position specification refers to the previous point.

Applied to tool movement this means:

The incremental dimensions describe the distance the tool is to travel.

Example: Turning

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In incremental dimensions, the following position specifications result for points P2 to P4:

Position Position specification in incremental dimensions The specification refers to: P2 X15 Z-7.5 P1 P3 Z-10 P2 P4 X20 Z-10 P3

Note

With

DIAMOF or DIAM90 active, the set distance in incremental dimensions (G91) is

programmed as a radius dimension.

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Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.2 Working planes

Example: Milling

The position specifications for points P1 to P3 in incremental dimensions are:

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In incremental dimensions, the following position specifications result for points P1 to P3:

Position Position specification in incremental

dimensions P1 X20 Y35 Zero point P2 X30 Y20 P1 P3 X20 Y -35 P2

1.2 Working planes

An NC program must contain information about the plane in which the work is to be performed. Only then can the control unit calculate the correct tool offsets during the execution of the NC program. The specification of the working plane is also relevant for certain types of circular-path programming and polar coordinates.

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The specification refers to:

Two coordinate axes define a working plane. The third coordinate axis is perpendicular to this plane and determines the infeed direction of the tool (e.g. for 2D machining).

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Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.3 Zero points and reference points

Working planes for turning/milling

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Working planes for turning

Programming of the working planes

The working planes are defined in the NC program with the G commands G17, G18 and G19 as follows:

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Working planes for milling

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G command Working plane Infeed direction Abscissa Ordinate Applicate

G17 G18 G19

X/Y Z X Y Z Z/X Y Z X Y Y/Z X Y Z X

1.3 Zero points and reference points

Various zero points and reference points are defined on an NC machine:

Zero points

M Machine zero

The machine zero defines the machine coordinate system (MCS). All other reference points refer to the machine zero.

W Workpiece zero = program zero

The workpiece zero defines the workpiece coordinate system in relation to the machine zero.

A Blocking point

Can be the same as the workpiece zero (only for lathes).

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Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.3 Zero points and reference points

Reference points

R Reference point

Position defined by output cam and measuring system. The distance to the machine

zero M must be known so that the axis position at this point can be set exactly to this

value.

B Starting point

Can be defined by the program. The first machining tool starts here.

T Toolholder reference point

Is on the toolholder. By entering the tool lengths, the controller calculates the distance

between the tool tip and the toolholder reference point.

N Tool change point

Zero points and reference points for turning

Zero points for milling

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Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.4 Coordinate systems

A distinction is made between the following coordinate systems:

● Machine coordinate system (MCS) (Page 24) with the machine zero M

● Basic coordinate system (BCS) (Page 27)

● Basic zero system (BZS) (Page 29)

● Settable zero system (SZS) (Page 30)

● Workpiece coordinate system (WCS) (Page 31) with the workpiece zero W

1.4.1 Machine coordinate system (MCS)

The machine coordinate system comprises all the physically existing machine axes.

Reference points and tool and pallet changing points (fixed machine points) are defined in the machine coordinate system.

If programming is performed directly in the machine coordinate system (possible with some G functions), the physical axes of the machine respond directly. Any workpiece clamping that is present is not taken into account.

Note

If there are various machine coordinate systems (e.g. 5-axis transformation), then an internal transformation is used to map the machine kinematics on the coordinate system in which the programming is performed.

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Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.4 Coordinate systems

Three-finger rule

The orientation of the coordinate system relative to the machine depends on the machine type. The axis directions follow the so-called "three-finger rule" of the right hand (according to DIN 66217).

Seen from in front of the machine, the middle finger of the right hand points in the opposite direction to the infeed of the main spindle. Therefore:

● the thumb points in the +X direction

● the index finger points in the +Y direction

● the middle finger points in the +Z direction

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Figure 1-1 "Three-finger rule"

Rotary motions around the coordinate axes X, Y and Z are designated A, B and C. If the rotary motion is in a clockwise direction when looking in the positive direction of the coordinate axis, the direction of rotation is positive:

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Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.4 Coordinate systems

Position of the coordinate system in different machine types

The position of the coordinate system resulting from the "three-finger rule" can have a different orientation for different machine types. Here are a few examples:

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Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.4 Coordinate systems

1.4.2 Basic coordinate system (BCS)

The basic coordinate system (BCS) consists of three mutually perpendicular axes (geometry axes) as well as other special axes, which are not interrelated geometrically.

Machine tools without kinematic transformation

BCS and MCS always coincide when the BCS can be mapped onto the MCS without kinematic transformation (e.g. 5-axis transformation, TRANSMIT/TRACYL/TRAANG).

On such machines, machine axes and geometry axes can have the same names.

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Figure 1-2 MCS = BCS without kinematic transformation

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Machine tools with kinematic transformation

BCS and MCS do not coincide when the BCS is mapped onto the MCS with kinematic transformation (e.g. 5-axis transformation, TRANSMIT/TRACYL/TRAANG).

On such machines the machine axes and geometry axes must have different names.

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Fundamentals Programming Manual, 03/2013, 6FC5398-1BP40-3BA1

Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.4 Coordinate systems

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Figure 1-3 Kinematic transformation between the MCS and BCS

Machine kinematics

The workpiece is always programmed in a two or three dimensional, right-angled coordinate system (WCS). However, such workpieces are being programmed ever more frequently on machine tools with rotary axes or linear axes not perpendicular to one another. Kinematic transformation is used to represent coordinates programmed in the workpiece coordinate system (rectangular) in real machine movements.

References

Function Manual Expansion Functions; M1: Kinematic transformation

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Function Manual, Special Functions; F2: Multi-axis transformations

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Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.4 Coordinate systems

1.4.3 Basic zero system (BZS)

The basic zero system (BZS) is the basic coordinate system with a basic offset.

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Basic offset

References

The basic offset describes the coordinate transformation between BCS and BZS. It can be used, for example, to define the palette window zero.

The basic offset comprises:

● External zero offset

● DRF offset

● Overlaid movement

● Chained system frames

● Chained basic frames

Function Manual, Basic Functions; Axes, Coordinate Systems, Frames (K2)

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Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.4 Coordinate systems

1.4.4 Settable zero system (SZS)

Settable zero offset

The "settable zero system" (SZS) results from the basic zero system (BZS) through the settable zero offset.

Settable zero offsets are activated in the NC program with the G commands

G505...G599 as follows:

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If no programmable coordinate transformations (frames) are active, then the "settable zero system" is the workpiece coordinate system (WCS).

Programmable coordinate transformations (frames)

Sometimes it is useful or necessary within an NC program, to move the originally selected workpiece coordinate system (or the "settable zero system") to another position and, if required, to rotate it, mirror it and/or scale it. This is performed using programmable coordinate transformations (frames).

See Section: "Coordinate transformations (frames)"

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Note

Programmable coordinate transformations (frames) always refer to the "settable zero system".

+ 560 hidden pages

siemens 828D Programming Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Preface

Table of contents

Fundamental Geometrical Principles

1.1 Workpiece positions

1.1.1 Workpiece coordinate systems

1.1.2 Cartesian coordinates

1.1.3 Polar coordinates

1.1.4 Absolute dimensions

1.1.5 Incremental dimension

1.2 Working planes

1.3 Zero points and reference points

1.4 Coordinate systems

1.4.1 Machine coordinate system (MCS)

1.4.2 Basic coordinate system (BCS)

1.4.3 Basic zero system (BZS)

1.4.4 Settable zero system (SZS)