The symbols used in this manual are described below.
This symbol indicates that important notes about the
function described must be regarded.
This symbol indicates that there is one or more
of the following risks when using the described
function:
Danger to workpiece
Danger to fixtures
Danger to tool
Danger to machine
Danger to operator
This symbol indicates a possibly dangerous situation
that may cause light injuries if not avoided.
This symbol indicates that the described function
must be adapted by the machine tool builder. The
function described may therefore vary depending on
the machine.
This symbol indicates that you can find detailed
information about a function in another manual.
Would you like any changes, or have you found any
errors?
We are continuously striving to improve our documentation for you.
Please help us by sending your requests to the following e-mail
address: tnc-userdoc@heidenhain.de.
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TNC model, software and features
TNC model, software and features
This manual describes functions and features provided by TNCs as
of the following NC software numbers.
The suffix E indicates the export version of the TNC. The export
version of the TNC has the following limitations:
Simultaneous linear movement in up to 4 axes
The machine tool builder adapts the usable features of the TNC to
his machine by setting machine parameters. Some of the functions
described in this manual may therefore not be among the features
provided by the TNC on your machine tool.
TNC functions that may not be available on your machine include:
Tool measurement with the TT
Please contact your machine tool builder to become familiar with
the features of your machine.
Many machine manufacturers, as well as HEIDENHAIN, offer
programming courses for the TNCs. We recommend these courses
as an effective way of improving your programming skill and
sharing information and ideas with other TNC users.
User's Manual for Cycle Programming:
All of the cycle functions (touch probe cycles and
fixed cycles) are described in the Cycle Programming
User’s Manual. Please contact HEIDENHAIN if you
require a copy of this User’s Manual. ID: 892905-xx
The TNC 640 features various software options that can be enabled by your machine tool builder. Each option is to
be enabled separately and contains the following respective functions:
Hardware, options
■
1st additional axis for 4 axes plus spindle
■
2nd additional axis for 5 axes plus spindle
Software option 1 (option number 08)
Rotary table machining
Coordinate transformation
Interpolation
Software option 2 (option number 09)
3-D machining
Interpolation
HEIDENHAIN DNC (option number 18)
Display step (Option number 23)
step
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
■
Programming of cylindrical contours as if in two axes
Feed rate in distance per minute
Working plane, tilting the ...
Circle in 3 axes with tilted working plane (spacial arc)
Motion control with minimum jerk
3-D tool compensation through surface normal vectors
Using the electronic handwheel to change the angle of the swivel head
during program run without affecting the position of the tool point.
(TCPM = Tool Center Point Management)
Keeping the tool normal to the contour
Tool radius compensation perpendicular to traversing and tool direction
Linear in 5 axes (subject to export permit)
Communication with external PC applications over COM component
Linear axes to 0.01 µmInput resolution and display
Rotary axes to 0.00001°
Dynamic Collision Monitoring (DCM) software option (option number 40)
Collision monitoring in all
machine operating modes
Software option for additional conversational languages (option number 41)
Additional conversational
languages
8
The machine manufacturer defines objects to be monitored
■
Three warning levels in manual operation
■
Program interrupt during automatic operation
■
Includes monitoring of 5-axis movements
■
Slovenian
■
Norwegian
■
Slovak
■
Latvian
■
Korean
■
Estonian
■
Turkish
■
Romanian
■
Lithuanian
■
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TNC model, software and features
DXF Converter software option (option number 42)
Extracting contour
programs and machining
positions from DXF data.
Extracting contour sections
from plain-language
programs.
Adaptive Feed Control (AFC) software option (option number 45)
Function for adaptive feed-
rate control for optimizing
the machining conditions
during series production
KinematicsOpt software option (option number 48)
Touch-probe cycles for
automatic testing and
optimization of the machine
kinematics
Mill-Turning software option (option number 50)
Functions for milling/turning
mode
Supported DXF format: AC1009 (AutoCAD R12)
■
For contours and point patterns
■
Simple and convenient specification of reference points
■
Select graphical features of contour sections from conversational
■
programs
Recording the actual spindle power by means of a teach-in cut
■
Defining the limits of automatic feed rate control
■
Fully automatic feed control during program run
■
Backup/restore active kinematics
■
Test active kinematics
■
Optimize active kinematics
■
Switching between Milling/Turning mode of operation
■
Constant cutting speed
■
Tool-tip radius compensation
■
Turning cycles
■
Extended Tool Managment software option (option number 93)
Extended tool management, python-based
■
Remote Desktop Manager software option (option number 133)
Windows on a separate computer unitRemote operation of
■
external computer units
(e.g. Windows PC) via the
TNC user interface
Cross Talk Compensation (CTC) software option (option number 141)
TNC model, software and features
Compensation of axis
couplings
Position Adaptive Control (PAC) software option (option number 142)
Changing control
parameters
Load Adaptive Control (LAC) software option (option number 143)
parameters
Active Chatter Control (ACC) software option (option number 145)
Fully automatic function for chatter control during machining
Determination of dynamically caused position deviation through axis
■
acceleration
Compensation of the TCP
■
Changing of the control parameters depending on the position of the
■
axes in the working space
Changing of the control parameters depending on the speed or
■
acceleration of an axis
Automatic determination of workpiece weight and frictional forcesDynamic changing of control
■
Continuous adaptation of the parameters of the adaptive precontrolling
■
to the actual weight of the workpiece during machining
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TNC model, software and features
Feature Content Level (upgrade functions)
Along with software options, significant further improvements
of the TNC software are managed via the Feature Content Level
upgrade functions. Functions subject to the FCL are not available
simply by updating the software on your TNC.
All upgrade functions are available to you without
surcharge when you receive a new machine.
Upgrade functions are identified in the manual with FCL n, where n
indicates the sequential number of the feature content level.
You can purchase a code number in order to permanently enable
the FCL functions. For more information, contact your machine tool
builder or HEIDENHAIN.
Intended place of operation
The TNC complies with the limits for a Class A device in
accordance with the specifications in EN 55022, and is intended for
use primarily in industrially-zoned areas.
Legal information
This product uses open source software. Further information is
available on the control under
Programming and Editing operating mode
MOD function
LICENSE INFO soft key
DXF files can be opened directly on the TNC in order to extract
contours and point patterns (Programming: Data transfer from DXF
files or plain-language contours, page 243).
The active tool-axis direction can now be activated in manual
mode and during handwheel superimposition as a virtual tool axis
(Superimposing handwheel positioning during program run: M118 ,
page 360).
The machine manufacturer can now define any areas on the
machine for collision monitoring (Dynamic Collision Monitoring
(software option), page 371).
Writing and reading data in freely definable tables (Freely definable
tables, page 402).
The Adaptive Feed Control (AFC) function has been integrated
(Adaptive Feed Control Software Option (AFC), page 377)
New touch probe cycle 484 for calibrating the wireless TT 449 tool
touch probe (see User's Manual for Cycles).
The new HR 520 and HR 550 FS handwheels are supported
(Traverse with electronic handwheels, page 490).
New machining cycle 225 ENGRAVING (see User’s Manual for
Cycle Programming)
New Active Chatter Control (ACC) software option (Active Chatter
Control (ACC; software option), page 389).
New manual probing cycle "Center line as datum" (Setting a center
line as datum , page 535).
New function for rounding corners (Rounding corners: M197,
page 366).
External access to the TNC can now be blocked with a MOD
function (External access, page 584).
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TNC model, software and features
Modified functions 34059x-02
The maximum number of characters for the NAME and DOC fields
in the tool table has been increased from 16 to 32 (Enter tool data
into the table, page 160).
The columns AFC and ACC were added to the tool table (Enter tool
data into the table, page 160).
Operation and position behavior of the manual probing cycles has
been improved (Using 3-D touch probes , page 514).
Predefined values can now be entered into a cycle parameter
with the PREDEF function in cycles (see User’s Manual for Cycle
Programming).
The status display has been expanded with the AFC tab (Additional
status displays, page 76).
The FUNCTION TURNDATA SPIN rotational function has been
expanded with an input option for maximum speed (Program
spindle speed, page 464).
A new optimization algorithm is now used with the KinematicsOpt
cycles (see User’s Manual for Cycle Programming).
With Cycle 257, circular stud milling, a parameter is now available
with which you can determine the approach position on the stud
(see User's Manual for Cycle Programming)
With Cycle 256, rectangular stud, a parameter is now available with
which you can determine the approach position on the stud (see
User's Manual for Cycle Programming).
With the "Basic Rotation" probing cycle, workpiece misalignment
can now be compensated for via a table rotation (Compensation of
workpiece misalignment by rotating the table, page 528)
Acknowledging the power interruption and moving to the reference points...........................................48
1.3Programming the first part...................................................................................................................49
Selecting the correct operating mode..................................................................................................... 49
The most important TNC keys.................................................................................................................49
Creating a new program/file management.............................................................................................. 50
Defining a workpiece blank......................................................................................................................51
Program layout......................................................................................................................................... 52
Programming a simple contour................................................................................................................53
Creating a cycle program......................................................................................................................... 56
1.4Graphically testing the first part..........................................................................................................58
Selecting the correct operating mode..................................................................................................... 58
Selecting the tool table for the test run..................................................................................................58
Choosing the program you want to test................................................................................................. 59
Selecting the screen layout and the view............................................................................................... 59
Starting the test run.................................................................................................................................60
1.5Setting up tools..................................................................................................................................... 61
Selecting the correct operating mode..................................................................................................... 61
Preparing and measuring tools................................................................................................................ 61
The tool table TOOL.T............................................................................................................................. 62
The pocket table TOOL_P.TCH.................................................................................................................63
Selecting the correct operating mode..................................................................................................... 64
Clamping the workpiece.......................................................................................................................... 64
Workpiece alignment with 3-D touch probe............................................................................................ 65
Datum setting with 3-D touch probe....................................................................................................... 66
1.7Running the first program.................................................................................................................... 67
Selecting the correct operating mode..................................................................................................... 67
Choosing the program you want to run.................................................................................................. 67
Start the program.....................................................................................................................................67
Setting the screen layout.........................................................................................................................71
Control Panel............................................................................................................................................72
2.3Modes of Operation...............................................................................................................................73
Manual Operation and El. Handwheel.....................................................................................................73
Positioning with Manual Data Input.........................................................................................................73
Test Run................................................................................................................................................... 74
Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, Single Block.................................................................74
Absolute and incremental workpiece positions....................................................................................... 93
Selecting the datum.................................................................................................................................94
3.2Opening programs and entering.......................................................................................................... 95
Organization of an NC program in HEIDENHAIN Conversational format.................................................95
Define the blank: BLK FORM.................................................................................................................. 95
Opening a new part program.................................................................................................................. 96
Programming tool movements in conversational.....................................................................................97
Actual position capture.............................................................................................................................99
Editing a program...................................................................................................................................100
The TNC search function....................................................................................................................... 103
Displaying externally generated files on the TNC..................................................................................107
Data Backup........................................................................................................................................... 107
Overview: Functions of the file manager.............................................................................................. 109
Calling the file manager......................................................................................................................... 110
Selecting drives, directories and files....................................................................................................111
Creating a new directory....................................................................................................................... 112
Creating a new file.................................................................................................................................112
Copying a single file...............................................................................................................................112
Copying files into another directory.......................................................................................................113
Copying a table...................................................................................................................................... 114
Copying a directory................................................................................................................................ 115
Choosing one of the last files selected.................................................................................................115
Deleting a file.........................................................................................................................................116
Deleting a directory................................................................................................................................116
Renaming a file...................................................................................................................................... 118
Generating / not generating graphics during programming................................................................... 138
Generating a graphic for an existing program....................................................................................... 138
Block number display ON/OFF...............................................................................................................139
Erasing the graphic................................................................................................................................ 139
Display of errors.....................................................................................................................................141
Open the error window......................................................................................................................... 141
Closing the error window...................................................................................................................... 141
Saving service files................................................................................................................................ 145
Calling the TNCguide help system........................................................................................................ 146
4.7TNCguide context-sensitive help system..........................................................................................147
Overview of path functions................................................................................................................... 206
Straight line L.........................................................................................................................................207
Inserting a chamfer between two straight lines....................................................................................208
Circle center CC..................................................................................................................................... 210
Circular path C around circle center CC................................................................................................ 211
Circle CR with defined radius................................................................................................................ 212
Circle CT with tangential connection.....................................................................................................214
Example: Linear movements and chamfers with Cartesian coordinates............................................... 215
Example: Circular movements with Cartesian coordinates................................................................... 216
Example: Full circle with Cartesian coordinates.................................................................................... 217
Zero point for polar coordinates: pole CC..............................................................................................219
Straight line LP.......................................................................................................................................219
Circular path CP around pole CC........................................................................................................... 220
Circle CTP with tangential connection...................................................................................................220
FK programming graphics...................................................................................................................... 227
Initiating the FK dialog........................................................................................................................... 229
Pole for FK programming....................................................................................................................... 229
Free straight line programming..............................................................................................................230
Types of nesting.....................................................................................................................................269
9.5Calculation of circles............................................................................................................................285
A transaction.......................................................................................................................................... 312
Rules for formulas..................................................................................................................................323
TRANS DATUM AXIS............................................................................................................................. 395
TRANS DATUM TABLE.......................................................................................................................... 396
TRANS DATUM RESET..........................................................................................................................397
11.8 Creating Text Files................................................................................................................................398
Deleting and re-inserting characters, words and lines...........................................................................399
Editing text blocks..................................................................................................................................400
Finding text sections..............................................................................................................................401
Defining the PLANE function.................................................................................................................413
Position display.......................................................................................................................................413
Resetting the PLANE function............................................................................................................... 414
Defining the working plane with the spatial angle: PLANE SPATIAL.................................................... 415
Defining the working plane with the projection angle: PLANE PROJECTED........................................ 417
Defining the working plane with the Euler angle: PLANE EULER.........................................................418
Defining the working plane with two vectors: PLANE VECTOR........................................................... 420
Defining the working plane via three points: PLANE POINTS...............................................................422
Defining the working plane via a single incremental spatial angle: PLANE SPATIAL.............................424
Tilting the working plane through axis angle: PLANE AXIAL (FCL 3 function)...................................... 425
Specifying the positioning behavior of the PLANE function..................................................................427
12.3 Inclined-tool machining in a tilted machining plane (software option 2).......................................432
Exiting the pallet file.............................................................................................................................. 456
Run pallet file......................................................................................................................................... 456
Datum setting in any axis...................................................................................................................... 530
Corner as datum.................................................................................................................................... 531
Circle center as datum...........................................................................................................................533
Setting a center line as datum...............................................................................................................535
Measuring workpieces with a 3-D touch probe.....................................................................................536
Using touch probe functions with mechanical probes or measuring dials.............................................539
15.10 Tilting the working plane (software option 1)..................................................................................540
Plan view................................................................................................................................................557
Projection in three planes...................................................................................................................... 557
Measurement of machining time...........................................................................................................562
3-D line graphics.................................................................................................................................... 563
17.2Showing the workpiece blank in the working space.......................................................................565
18 MOD functions................................................................................................................................581
18.1 MOD function....................................................................................................................................... 582
Selecting MOD functions.......................................................................................................................582
Changing the settings............................................................................................................................ 582
Exiting MOD functions...........................................................................................................................582
Overview of MOD functions..................................................................................................................583
18.3 Position Display Types......................................................................................................................... 587
This chapter is intended to help TNC beginners quickly learn to
handle the most important procedures. For more information on a
respective topic, see the section referred to in the text.
The following topics are included in this chapter:
Machine switch-on
Programming the first part
Graphically testing the first part
Setting up tools
Workpiece setup
Running the first program
1.2Machine switch-on
Acknowledging the power interruption and moving to
the reference points
Switch-on and crossing over the reference points can
vary depending on the machine tool. Refer to your
machine manual.
Switch on the power supply for control and machine. The TNC
starts the operating system. This process may take several
minutes. Then the TNC will display the message "Power
interrupted" in the screen header
Press the CE key: The TNC compiles the PLC
program
Switch on the control voltage: The TNC checks
operation of the emergency stop circuit and goes
into the reference run mode
Cross the reference points manually in the
displayed sequence: For each axis press the
machine START button. If you have absolute linear
and angle encoders on your machine there is no
need for a reference run
The TNC is now ready for operation in the Manual Operation
mode.
Further information on this topic
Traversing the reference marks: See "Switch-on", page 486
Operating modes: See "Programming", page 73
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1.3Programming the first part
Selecting the correct operating mode
You can write programs only in Programming mode:
Press the Programming operating mode key: The
TNC switches to Programming mode
Further information on this topic
Operating modes: See "Programming", page 73
The most important TNC keys
Functions for conversational guidanceKey
Confirm entry and activate the next dialog
prompt
1
Programming the first part1.3
Ignore the dialog question
End the dialog immediately
Abort dialog, discard entries
Soft keys on the screen with which you select
functions appropriate to the active state
Further information on this topic
Writing and editing programs: See "Editing a program",
page 100
Overview of keys: See "Controls of the TNC", page 2
Press the PGM MGT key: The TNC opens the
file manager. The file management of the TNC is
arranged much like the file management on a PC
with the Windows Explorer. The file management
enables you to manipulate data on the TNC hard
disk
Use the arrow keys to select the folder in which
you want to open the new file
Enter a file name with the extension .H: The TNC
then automatically opens a program and asks for
the unit of measure for the new program
To select the unit of measure, press the MM
or INCH soft key: The TNC automatically starts
the workpiece blank definition (See "Defining a
workpiece blank", page 51)
The TNC automatically generates the first and last blocks of the
program. Afterwards you can no longer change these blocks.
Further information on this topic
File management: See "Working with the file manager",
page 108
Creating a new program: See "Opening programs and entering",
page 95
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Programming the first part1.3
Defining a workpiece blank
Immediately after you have created a new program, the TNC starts
the dialog for entering the workpiece blank definition. Always
define the workpiece blank as a cuboid by entering the MIN and
MAX points, each with reference to the selected reference point.
After you have created a new program, the TNC automatically
initiates the workpiece blank definition and asks for the required
data:
Working plane in graphic: XY?: Enter the active spindle axis. Z
is saved as default setting. Accept with the ENT key
Workpiece blank def.: minimum X: Smallest X coordinate of
the workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g. 0.
Confirm with the ENT key
Workpiece blank def.: minimum Y: Smallest Y coordinate of
the workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g. 0.
Confirm with the ENT key
1
Workpiece blank def.: minimum Z: Smallest Z coordinate of
the workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g.
–40. Confirm with the ENT key
Workpiece blank def.: maximum X: Largest X coordinate of
the workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g.
100. Confirm with the ENT key
Workpiece blank def.: maximum Y: Largest Y coordinate of
the workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g.
100. Confirm with the ENT key
Workpiece blank def.: maximum Z: Largest Z coordinate of
the workpiece blank with respect to the reference point, e.g. 0.
Confirm with the ENT key. The TNC concludes the dialog
NC programs should be arranged consistently in a similar manner.
This makes it easier to find your place, accelerates programming
and reduces errors.
Recommended program layout for simple, conventional contour
machining
1 Call tool, define tool axis
2 Retract the tool
3 Pre-position the tool in the working plane near the contour starting
point
4 In the tool axis, position the tool above the workpiece, or
preposition immediately to workpiece depth. If required, switch on
the spindle/coolant
5 Contour approach
6 Contour machining
7 Contour departure
8 Retract the tool, end program
Further information on this topic
Contour programming: See "Tool movements", page 192
Layout of contour machining
programs
0 BEGIN PGM BSPCONT MM
1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X... Y... Z...
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X... Y... Z...
3 TOOL CALL 5 Z S5000
4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX
5 L X... Y... R0 FMAX
6 L Z+10 R0 F3000 M13
7 APPR ... RL F500
...
16 DEP ... X... Y... F3000 M9
17 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2
18 END PGM BSPCONT MM
Recommended program layout for simple cycle programs
1 Call tool, define tool axis
2 Retract the tool
3 Define the machining positions
4 Define the fixed cycle
5 Call the cycle, switch on the spindle/coolant
6 Retract the tool, end program
Further information on this topic
Cycle programming: See User’s Manual for Cycles
Cycle program layout
0 BEGIN PGM BSBCYC MM
1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X... Y... Z...
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X... Y... Z...
3 TOOL CALL 5 Z S5000
4 L Z+250 R0 FMAX
5 PATTERN DEF POS1( X... Y... Z... ) ...
6 CYCL DEF...
7 CYCL CALL PAT FMAX M13
8 L Z+250 R0 FMAX M2
9 END PGM BSBCYC MM
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Programming the first part1.3
Programming a simple contour
The contour shown to the right is to be milled once to a depth of
5 mm. You have already defined the workpiece blank. After you
have initiated a dialog through a function key, enter all the data
requested by the TNC in the screen header.
Call the tool: Enter the tool data. Confirm each of
your entries with the ENT key. Do not forget the
tool axis
Retract the tool: Press the orange axis key Z in
order to get clear in the tool axis, and enter the
value for the position to be approached, e.g. 250.
Confirm with the ENT key
Confirm Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? by
pressing the ENT key: Do not activate the radius
compensation
1
Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)
Confirm the Miscellaneous function M? with
theEND key: The TNC saves the entered
positioning block
Preposition the tool in the working plane: Press
the orange X axis key and enter the value for the
position to be approached, e.g. –20
Press the orange Y axis key and enter the value for
the position to be approached, e.g. –20. Confirm
with the ENT key
Confirm Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? by
pressing the ENT key: Do not activate the radius
compensation
Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)
Confirm the Miscellaneous function M? with the
END key: The TNC saves the entered positioning
block
Move the tool to workpiece depth: Press the
orange axis key and enter the value for the
position to be approached, e.g. –5. Confirm with
the ENT key
Confirm Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? by
pressing the ENT key: Do not activate the radius
compensation
Feed rate F=? Enter the positioning feed rate, e.g.
3000 mm/min and confirm with the ENT key
Miscellaneous function M? Switch on the spindle
and coolant, e.g. M13. Confirm with the END key:
The TNC saves the entered positioning block
Move to the contour: Press the APPR/DEP key:
The TNC shows a soft-key row with approach and
departure functions
Select the approach function APPR CT: Enter the
coordinates of the contour starting point 1 in X and
Y, e.g. 5/5. Confirm with the ENT key
Center angle? Enter the approach angle, e.g. 90°,
and confirm with the ENT key
Circle radius? Enter the approach radius, e.g.
8 mm, and confirm with the ENT key
Confirm the Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? with
the RL soft key: Activate the radius compensation
to the left of the programmed contour
Feed rate F=? Enter the machining feed rate, e.g.
700 mm/min, and confirm your entry with the
END key
Machine the contour and move to contour
point 2: You only need to enter the information
that changes. In other words, enter only the Y
coordinate 95 and save your entry with the END
key
Move to contour point 3: Enter the X coordinate 95
and save your entry with the END key
Define the chamfer at contour point 3: Enter the
chamfer width 10 mm and save with the END key
Move to contour point 4: Enter the Y coordinate 5
and save your entry with the END key
Define the chamfer at contour point 4: Enter the
chamfer width 20 mm and save with the END key
Move to contour point 1: Enter the X coordinate 5
and save your entry with the END key
Depart the contour
54
Select the departure function DEP CT
Center angle? Enter the departure angle, e.g. 90°,
and confirm with the ENT key
Circle radius? Enter the departure radius, e.g. 8
mm, and confirm with the ENT key
Feed rate F=? Enter the positioning feed rate, e.g.
3000 mm/min and confirm with the ENT key
Miscellaneous function M? Switch off the coolant,
e.g. M9, with the END key: The TNC saves the
entered positioning block
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Page 55
Enter Retract the tool: Press the orange axis key Z
in order to get clear in the tool axis, and enter the
value for the position to be approached, e.g. 250.
Confirm with the ENT key
Confirm Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? by
pressing the ENT key: Do not activate the radius
compensation
Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M? ENTER M2 to end
the program and confirm with the END key: The
TNC saves the entered positioning block
Further information on this topic
Complete example with NC blocks: See "Example: Linear
movements and chamfers with Cartesian coordinates",
page 215
Creating a new program: See "Opening programs and entering",
page 95
Approaching/departing contours: See " Approaching and
departing a contour", page 198
Programming contours: See "Overview of path functions",
page 206
Programmable feed rates: See "Mögliche Vorschubeingaben"
Tool radius compensation: See "Tool radius compensation",
page 188
Miscellaneous functions (M): See "M functions for program run
The holes (depth of 20 mm) shown in the figure at right are to be
drilled with a standard drilling cycle. You have already defined the
workpiece blank.
Call the tool: Enter the tool data. Confirm each of
your entries with the ENT KEY. DO NOT FORGET
THE TOOL AXIS
Retract the tool: Press the orange axis key Z in
order to get clear in the tool axis, and enter the
value for the position to be approached, e.g. 250.
Confirm with the ENT key
Confirm Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? by
pressing the ENT key: Do not activate the radius
compensation
Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)
Confirm the Miscellaneous function M? with
theEND key: The TNC saves the entered
positioning block
Call the cycle menu
Display the drilling cycles
Select the standard drilling cycle 200: The TNC
starts the dialog for cycle definition. Enter all
parameters requested by the TNC step by step
and conclude each entry with the ENT key. In the
screen to the right, the TNC also displays a graphic
showing the respective cycle parameter
Call the menu for special functions
Display the functions for point machining
Select the pattern definition
Select point entry: Enter the coordinates of the 4
points and confirm each with the ENT key. After
entering the fourth point, save the block with the
END key
Display the menu for defining the cycle call
56
Run the drilling cycle on the defined pattern:
Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)
Miscellaneous function M? Switch on the spindle
and coolant, e.g. M13. Confirm with the END key:
The TNC saves the entered positioning block
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Enter Retract the tool: Press the orange axis key Z
in order to get clear in the tool axis, and enter the
value for the position to be approached, e.g. 250.
Confirm with the ENT key
Confirm Radius comp.: RL/RR/no comp? by
pressing the ENT key: Do not activate the radius
compensation
Confirm Feed rate F=? with the ENT key: Move at
rapid traverse (FMAX)
Miscellaneous function M? Enter M2 to end the
program and confirm with the END key: The TNC
saves the entered positioning block
Press the Test Run operating mode key: the TNC
switches to that mode
Further information on this topic
Operating modes of the TNC: See "Modes of Operation",
page 73
Testing programs: See "Test Run", page 567
Selecting the tool table for the test run
You only need to execute this step if you have not activated a tool
table in the Test Run mode.
Press the PGM MGT key: The TNC opens the file
manager
Press the SELECT TYPE soft key: The TNC shows
a soft-key menu for selection of the file type to be
displayed
Press the SHOW ALL soft key: The TNC shows all
saved files in the right window
Move the highlight to the left onto the directories
Move the highlight to the TNC:\ directory
Move the highlight to the right onto the files
Move the highlight to the file TOOL.T (active tool
table) and load with the ENT key: TOOL.T receives
the status S and is therefore active for the test run
Press the END key: Exit the file manager
Further information on this topic
Tool management: See "Enter tool data into the table",
page 160
Testing programs: See "Test Run", page 567
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Choosing the program you want to test
Press the PGM MGT key: The TNC opens the file
manager
Press the LAST FILES soft key: The TNC opens a
pop-up window with the most recently selected
files
Use the arrow keys to select the program that you
want to test. Load with the ENT key
Further information on this topic
Selecting a program: See "Working with the file manager",
page 108
Selecting the screen layout and the view
1
Graphically testing the first part1.4
Press the key for selecting the screen layout. The
TNC shows all available alternatives in the soft-key
row
Press the PROGRAM + GRAPHICS soft key: In
the left half of the screen the TNC shows the
program; in the right half it shows the workpiece
blank
In the tool table TOOL.T (permanently saved under TNC:\TABLE\),
save the tool data such as length and radius, but also further toolspecific information that the TNC needs to perform its functions.
To enter tool data in the tool table TOOL.T, proceed as follows:
Display the tool table
Edit the tool table: Set the EDITING soft key to ON
With the upward or downward arrow keys you can
select the tool number that you want to edit
With the rightward or leftward arrow keys you can
select the tool data that you want to edit
To exit the tool table, press the END key
Further information on this topic
Operating modes of the TNC: See "Modes of Operation",
page 73
Working with the tool table: See "Enter tool data into the table",
page 160
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The pocket table TOOL_P.TCH
The function of the pocket table depends on the
machine. Refer to your machine manual.
In the pocket table TOOL_P.TCH (permanently saved under TNC:\TABLE\) you specify which tools your tool magazine contains.
To enter data in the pocket table TOOL_P.TCH, proceed as follows:
Display the tool table
Display the pocket table
Edit the pocket table: Set the EDITING soft key to
ON
1
Setting up tools1.5
With the upward or downward arrow keys you can
select the pocket number that you want to edit
With the rightward or leftward arrow keys you can
select the data that you want to edit
To leave the pocket table, press the END key
Further information on this topic
Operating modes of the TNC: See "Modes of Operation",
page 73
Working with the pocket table: See "Pocket table for tool
Workpieces are set up in the Manual Operation or Electronic
Handwheel mode
Press the Manual Operation operating mode key:
the TNC switches to that mode
Further information on this topic
Manual Operation mode: See "Moving the machine axes",
page 489
Clamping the workpiece
Mount the workpiece with a fixture on the machine table. If you
have a 3-D touch probe on your machine, then you do not need to
clamp the workpiece parallel to the axes.
If you do not have a 3-D touch probe available, you have to align the
workpiece so that it is fixed with its edges parallel to the machine
axes.
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Workpiece alignment with 3-D touch probe
Insert the 3-D touch probe: In the Manual Data Input (MDI)
operating mode, run a TOOL CALL block containing the tool axis,
and then return to the Manual Operation mode (in MDI mode
you can run an individual NC block independently of the others)
Select the probing functions: The TNC displays the
available functions in the soft-key row
Measure the basic rotation: The TNC displays the
basic rotation menu. To identify the basic rotation,
probe two points on a straight surface of the
workpiece
Use the axis-direction keys to preposition the
touch probe to a position near the first contact
point
Select the probing direction via soft key
1
Workpiece setup1.6
Press NC start: The touch probe moves in the
defined direction until it contacts the workpiece
and then automatically returns to its starting point
Use the axis-direction keys to preposition the
touch probe to a position near the second contact
point
Press NC start: The touch probe moves in the
defined direction until it contacts the workpiece
and then automatically returns to its starting point
Then the TNC shows the measured basic rotation
Press SET BASIC ROTATION soft key to select the
displayed value as the active rotation. Press the
END soft key to exit the menu
Further information on this topic
MDI operating mode: See "Programming and executing simple
Insert the 3-D touch probe: In the MDI mode, run a TOOL CALL
block containing the tool axis and then return to the Manual
Operation mode
Select the probing functions: The TNC displays the
available functions in the soft-key row
Set the datum at a workpiece corner, for example
Position the touch probe near the first touch point
on the first workpiece edge
Select the probing direction via soft key
Press NC start: The touch probe moves in the
defined direction until it contacts the workpiece
and then automatically returns to its starting point
Use the axis-direction keys to pre-position the
touch probe to a position near the second touch
point on the first workpiece edge
Press NC start: The touch probe moves in the
defined direction until it contacts the workpiece
and then automatically returns to its starting point
Use the axis-direction keys to pre-position the
touch probe to a position near the first touch point
on the second workpiece edge
Select the probing direction via soft key
Press NC start: The touch probe moves in the
defined direction until it contacts the workpiece
and then automatically returns to its starting point
Use the axis-direction keys to pre-position the
touch probe to a position near the second touch
point on the second workpiece edge
Press NC start: The touch probe moves in the
defined direction until it contacts the workpiece
and then automatically returns to its starting point
Then the TNC shows the coordinates of the
measured corner point
Set to 0: Press the SET DATUM soft key
Press the END soft key to close the menu
Further information on this topic
Datum setting: See "Datum Setting with 3-D Touch Probe ",
page 530
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1.7Running the first program
Selecting the correct operating mode
You can run programs either in the Single Block or the Full
Sequence mode:
Press the operating mode key: The TNC goes into
the Program Run, Single Block mode and the
TNC executes the program block by block. You
have to confirm each block with the NC start key
Press the Program Run, Full Sequence operating
mode key: The TNC switches to that mode and
runs the program after NC start up to a program
interruption or to the end of the program
Further information on this topic
Operating modes of the TNC: See "Modes of Operation",
page 73
Running programs: See "Program run", page 570
1
Running the first program1.7
Choosing the program you want to run
Press the PGM MGT key: The TNC opens the file
manager
Press the LAST FILES soft key: The TNC opens a
pop-up window with the most recently selected
files
If desired, use the arrow keys to select the
program that you want to run. Load with the ENT
key
Further information on this topic
File management: See "Working with the file manager",
page 108
Start the program
Press the NC start key: The TNC runs the active
program
HEIDENHAIN TNC controls are workshop-oriented contouring
controls that enable you to program conventional machining
operations right at the machine in an easy-to-use conversational
programming language. They are designed for milling and drilling
machines, as well as machining centers, with up to 18 axes. You
can also change the angular position of the spindle under program
control.
An integrated hard disk provides storage for as many programs as
you like, even if they were created off-line. For quick calculations
you can call up the on-screen pocket calculator at any time.
Keyboard and screen layout are clearly arranged in such a way that
the functions are fast and easy to use.
Programming: HEIDENHAIN conversational and ISO
formats
The HEIDENHAIN conversational programming format is an
especially easy method of writing programs. Interactive graphics
illustrate the individual machining steps for programming the
contour. If a production drawing is not dimensioned for NC, the
FK free contour programming feature performs the necessary
calculations automatically. Workpiece machining can be graphically
simulated either during or before actual machining.
It is also possible to program the TNCs in ISO format or DNC
mode.
You can also enter and test one program while the control is
running another.
Compatibility
Machining programs created on HEIDENHAIN contouring controls
(starting from the TNC 150 B) may not always run on the TNC 640.
If NC blocks contain invalid elements, the TNC will mark them as
ERROR blocks when the file is opened.
See "Functions of the and the iTNC 530 compared".
Please also note the detailed description of the
differences between the iTNC 530 and the TNC 640
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1
7
7
2
5
4
3
4
6
8
Visual display unit and operating panel2.2
2.2Visual display unit and operating panel
Display screen
The TNC is shipped with a 19-inch TFT flat-panel display.
1Header
When the TNC is on, the selected operating modes are shown
in the screen header: the machining mode at the left and the
programming mode at right. The currently active operating
mode is displayed in the larger box, where the dialog prompts
and TNC messages also appear (unless the TNC is showing
only graphics).
2Soft keys
In the footer the TNC indicates additional functions in a softkey row. You can select these functions by pressing the keys
immediately below them. The lines immediately above the
soft-key row indicate the number of soft-key rows that can be
called with the black arrow keys to the right and left. The bar
representing the active soft-key row is highlighted
2
3Soft-key selection keys
4Shifting between soft-key rows
5Setting the screen layout
6Shift key for switchover between machining and programming
modes
7Soft-key selection keys for machine tool builders
8Switching the soft-key rows for machine tool builders
Setting the screen layout
You select the screen layout yourself: In the Programming
mode of operation, for example, you can have the TNC show
program blocks in the left window while the right window displays
programming graphics. You could also display the program
structure in the right window instead, or display only program
blocks in one large window. The available screen windows depend
on the selected operating mode.
To change the screen layout:
Press the screen layout key: The soft-key row
shows the available layout options, see "Operating
modes", page 62
The TNC 640 is delivered with an integrated keyboard. The figure to
the right shows the operating elements of the operating panel:
1Alphabetic keyboard for entering texts and file names, and for
ISO programming.
2
3Programming modes
4Machine operating modes
5Initiation of programming dialogs
6Navigation keys and GOTO jump command
7Numerical input and axis selection
8Touchpad
9Mouse function keys
10 USB connection
The functions of the individual keys are described on the inside
front cover.
File management
Calculator
MOD function
HELP function
Some machine manufacturers do not use the
standard operating panel from HEIDENHAIN. Refer
to your machine manual.
Machine panel buttons, e.g. NC START or NC STOP,
are described in the manual for your machine tool.
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2.3Modes of Operation
Manual Operation and El. Handwheel
The Manual Operation mode is required for setting up the machine
tool. In this mode of operation, you can position the machine axes
manually or by increments, set the datums, and tilt the working
plane.
The El. Handwheel mode of operation allows you to move the
machine axes manually with the HR electronic handwheel.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout (select as described
previously)
WindowSoft key
Positions
2
Modes of Operation2.3
Left: positions, right: status display
Positioning with Manual Data Input
This mode of operation is used for programming simple traversing
movements, such as for face milling or prepositioning.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout
WindowSoft key
Program
Left: program blocks, right: status display
Programming
In this mode of operation you can write your part programs.
The FK free programming feature, the various cycles and the
Q parameter functions help you with programming and add
necessary information. If desired, you can have the programming
graphics show the programmed paths of traverse.
In the Test Run mode of operation, the TNC checks programs and
program sections for errors, such as geometrical incompatibilities,
missing or incorrect data within the program or violations of the
working space. This simulation is supported graphically in different
display modes.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout: See "Program Run, Full
Sequence and Program Run, Single Block", page 74.
Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, Single
Block
In the Program Run, Full Sequence mode of operation the TNC
executes a part program continuously to its end or to a manual
or programmed stop. You can resume program run after an
interruption.
In the Program Run, Single Block mode of operation you execute
each block separately by pressing the machine START button.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout
WindowSoft key
Program
Left: program, right: program structure
Left: program, right: status
Left: program, right: graphics
Graphics
WindowSoft key
Pallet table
Left: program, right: pallet table
Left: pallet table, right: status
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2.4Status displays
"General" status display
The status display in the lower part of the screen informs you of
the current state of the machine tool. It is displayed automatically in
the following modes of operation:
Program Run, Single Block and Program Run, Full Sequence,
except if the screen layout is set to display graphics only, and
Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI).
In the Manual Operation and El. Handwheel modes the status
display appears in the large window.
Information in the status display
IconMeaning
ACTL.Position display: Actual, nominal or distance-to-go
coordinates mode
Machine axes; the TNC displays auxiliary axes in
lower-case letters. The sequence and quantity of
displayed axes is determined by the machine tool
builder. Refer to your machine manual for more
information
Number of the active presets from the preset
table. If the datum was set manually, the TNC
displays the text MAN behind the symbol
F S MThe displayed feed rate in inches corresponds to
one tenth of the effective value. Spindle speed S,
feed rate F and active M functions
The Dynamic Collision Monitoring function (DCM)
is active
The Adaptive Feed Function (AFC) is active
(software option)
Additional status displays
The additional status displays contain detailed information on the
program run. They can be called in all operating modes except for
the Programming and Editing mode of operation.
To switch on the additional status display:
Call the soft-key row for screen layout
Select the screen layout with additional status
display: In the right half of the screen, the TNC
shows the OVERVIEW status form
To select an additional status display:
Switch the soft-key rows until the STATUS soft
keys appear
Either select the additional status display directly
by soft key, e.g. positions and coordinates, or
use the switch-over soft keys to select the desired
view
The available status displays described below can be selected
either directly by soft key or with the switch-over soft keys.
Please note that some of the status information
described below is not available unless the
associated software option is enabled on your TNC.
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Overview
After switch-on, the TNC displays the Overview status form,
provided that you have selected the PROGRAM+STATUS screen
layout (or POSITION + STATUS). The overview form contains a
summary of the most important status information, which you can
also find on the various detail forms.
Soft keyMeaning
Position display
Tool information
Active M functions
Active coordinate transformations
Active subprogram
Active program section repeat
Program called with PGM CALL
Current machining time
Name of the active main program
2
Status displays2.4
General program information (PGM tab)
Soft keyMeaning
No direct
selection
possible
Name of the active main program
Circle center CC (pole)
Dwell time counter
Machining time when the program was
completely simulated in the Test Run operating
mode
Current machining time in percent
Current time
Active programs
T: Tool number and name
RT: Number and name of a replacement tool
Tool axis
Tool length and radii
Oversizes (delta values) from the tool table (TAB)
and the TOOL CALL (PGM)
Tool life, maximum tool life (TIME 1) and maximum
tool life for TOOL CALL (TIME 2)
Display of programmed tool and replacement tool
Tool measurement (TT tab)
The TNC displays the TT tab only if the function is
active on your machine.
Soft keyMeaning
No direct
selection
possible
Number of the tool to be measured
Display whether the tool radius or the tool
length is being measured
MIN and MAX values of the individual cutting
edges and the result of measuring the rotating
tool (DYN = dynamic measurement)
Cutting edge number with the corresponding
measured value. If the measured value is
followed by an asterisk, the permissible
tolerance in the tool table was exceeded
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Coordinate transformations (TRANS tab)
Soft keyMeaning
Name of the active datum table
Active datum number (#), comment from the
active line of the active datum number (DOC)
from Cycle 7
Active datum shift (Cycle 7); The TNC displays
an active datum shift in up to 8 axes
Mirrored axes (Cycle 8)
Active basic rotation
Active rotation angle (Cycle 10)
Active scaling factor/factors (Cycles 11 / 26);
The TNC displays an active scaling factor in up
to 6 axes
Scaling datum
2
Status displays2.4
For further information, refer to the User's Manual for Cycles,
"Coordinate Transformation Cycles."
Displaying Q parameters (QPARA tab)
Soft keyMeaning
Display the current values of the defined Q
parameters
Display the character strings of the defined
string parameters
The TNC displays the AFC tab only if the function is
active on your machine.
Soft keyMeaning
No direct
selection
possible
Active tool (number and name)
Cut number
Current factor of the feed potentiomenter in
percent
Active spindle load in percent
Reference load of the spindle
Current spindle speed
Current deviation of the speed
Current machining time
Line diagram, in which the current spindle load
and the value commanded by the TNC for the
feed-rate override are shown
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2.5Window Manager
The machine tool builder determines the scope of
function and behavior of the window manager. Refer
to your machine manual.
The TNC features the Xfce window manager. Xfce is a standard
application for UNIX-based operating systems, and is used to
manage graphical user interfaces. The following functions are
possible with the window manager:
Display a task bar for switching between various applications
(user interfaces).
Manage an additional desktop, on which special applications
from your machine tool builder can run.
Control the focus between NC-software applications and those
of the machine tool builder.
The size and position of pop-up windows can be changed.
It is also possible to close, minimize and restore the pop-up
windows.
2
Window Manager2.5
The TNC shows a star in the upper left of the screen
if an application of the window manager or the
window manager itself has caused an error. In this
case, switch to the window manager and correct the
problem. If required, refer to your machine manual.
In the task bar you can also select other applications that you have
started together with the TNC (switch for example to the PDF
viewer or TNCguide)
Click the green HEIDENHAIN symbol to open a menu in which
you can get information, make settings or start applications. The
following functions are available:
About Xfce: Information on the Windows manager Xfce
About HEROS: Information about the operating system of the
TNC
NC Control: Start and stop the TNC software. Only permitted
for diagnostic purposes
Web Browser: Start Mozilla Firefox
Diagnostics: Available only to authorized specialists to start
diagnostic functions
Settings: Configuration of miscellaneous settings
Date/Time: Set the date and time
Language: Language setting for the system dialogs. During
startup the TNC overwrites this setting with the language
setting of MP 7230
Network: Network setting
Reset WM-Conf: Restore basic settings of the Windows
Manager. May also reset settings implemented by your
machine manufacturer
Screensaver: Settings for the screen saver; several are
available
Shares: Configure network connections
Tools: Only for authorized users. The applications available
under tools can be started directly by selecting the pertaining
file type in the file management of the TNC See "File manager:
Fundamentals", page 105
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SELinux security software2.6
2.6SELinux security software
SELinux is an extension for Linux-based operating systems.
SELinux is an additional security software package based on
Mandatory Access Control (MAC) and protects the system against
the running of unauthorized processes or functions and therefore
protects against viruses and other malware.
MAC means that each action must be specifically permitted
otherwise the TNC will not run it. The software is intended as
protection in addition to the normal access restriction in Linux.
Certain processes and actions can only be executed if the standard
functions and access control of SELinux permit it.
The SELinux installation of the TNC is prepared to
permit running of only those programs installed with
the HEIDENHAIN NC software. Other programs
cannot be run with the standard installation.
2
The access control of SELinux under HEROS 5 is regulated as
follows:
The TNC runs only those applications installed with the
HEIDENHAIN NC software.
Files in connection with the safety of the software (SELinux
system files, HEROS 5 boot files etc.) may only be changed by
programs that are selected explicitly.
New files generated by other programs must never be
executed.
There are only two processes that are permitted to execute new
files:
Starting a software update: A software update from
HEIDENHAIN can replace or change system files.
Starting the SELinux configuration: The configuration of
SELinux is usually password-protected by your machine tool
builder. Refer here to the relevant machine tool manual.
HEIDENHAIN generally recommends activating
SELinux because it provides additional protection
against attacks from outside.
2.7Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic
Handwheels
2.7Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch
Probes and Electronic Handwheels
3-D touch probes
The various HEIDENHAIN 3-D touch probes enable you to:
Automatically align workpieces
Quickly and precisely set datums
Measure the workpiece during program run
Measure and inspect tools
All of the cycle functions (touch probe cycles and
fixed cycles) are described in the Cycle Programming
User’s Manual. Please contact HEIDENHAIN if you
require a copy of this User’s Manual. ID: 892905-xx
These touch probes are particularly effective for automatic
workpiece alignment, datum setting and workpiece measurement.
The TS 220 transmits the triggering signals to the TNC via cable
and is a cost-effective alternative for applications where digitizing is
not frequently required.
The TS 640 (see figure) and the smaller TS 440 feature infrared
transmission of the triggering signal to the TNC. This makes
them highly convenient for use on machines with automatic tool
changers.
Principle of operation: HEIDENHAIN triggering touch probes feature
a wear resisting optical switch that generates an electrical signal
as soon as the stylus is deflected. This signal is transmitted to the
control, which stores the current position of the stylus as the actual
value.
TT 140 tool touch probe for tool measurement
The TT 140 is a triggering 3-D touch probe for tool measurement
and inspection. Your TNC provides three cycles for this touch
probe with which you can measure the tool length and radius
automatically either with the spindle rotating or stopped. The TT
140 features a particularly rugged design and a high degree of
protection, which make it insensitive to coolants and swarf. The
triggering signal is generated by a wear-resistant and highly reliable
optical switch.
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2
Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic
HR electronic handwheels
Electronic handwheels facilitate moving the axis slides precisely
by hand. A wide range of traverses per handwheel revolution
is available. Apart from the HR 130 and HR 150 panel-mounted
handwheels, HEIDENHAIN also offers the HR 410 portable
handwheel.
The machine axes are equipped with position encoders that
register the positions of the machine table or tool. Linear axes are
usually equipped with linear encoders, rotary tables and tilting axes
with angle encoders.
When a machine axis moves, the corresponding position encoder
generates an electrical signal. The TNC evaluates this signal and
calculates the precise actual position of the machine axis.
If there is a power interruption, the calculated position will no
longer correspond to the actual position of the machine slide.
To recover this association, incremental position encoders are
provided with reference marks. The scales of the position encoders
contain one or more reference marks that transmit a signal to the
TNC when they are crossed over. From that signal the TNC can
re-establish the assignment of displayed positions to machine
positions. For linear encoders with distance-coded reference
marks, the machine axes need to move by no more than 20 mm,
for angle encoders by no more than 20°.
With absolute encoders, an absolute position value is transmitted
to the control immediately upon switch-on. In this way the
assignment of the actual position to the machine slide position is
re-established directly after switch-on.
Reference system
A reference system is required to define positions in a plane or in
space. The position data are always referenced to a predetermined
point and are described through coordinates.
The Cartesian coordinate system (a rectangular coordinate system)
is based on the three coordinate axes X, Y and Z. The axes are
mutually perpendicular and intersect at one point called the datum.
A coordinate identifies the distance from the datum in one of these
directions. A position in a plane is thus described through two
coordinates, and a position in space through three coordinates.
Coordinates that are referenced to the datum are referred to
as absolute coordinates. Relative coordinates are referenced to
any other known position (reference point) you define within the
coordinate system. Relative coordinate values are also referred to
as incremental coordinate values.
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Reference system on milling machines
When using a milling machine, you orient tool movements to the
Cartesian coordinate system. The illustration at right shows how
the Cartesian coordinate system describes the machine axes. The
figure illustrates the right-hand rule for remembering the three
axis directions: the middle finger points in the positive direction of
the tool axis from the workpiece toward the tool (the Z axis), the
thumb points in the positive X direction, and the index finger in the
positive Y direction.
The TNC 640 can control up to 18 axes optionally. The axes U, V
and W are secondary linear axes parallel to the main axes X, Y
and Z, respectively. Rotary axes are designated as A, B and C. The
illustration at lower right shows the assignment of secondary axes
and rotary axes to the main axes.
3
Fundamentals3.1
Designation of the axes on milling machines
The X, Y and Z axes on your milling machine are also referred to as
tool axis, principal axis (1st axis) and secondary axis (2nd axis). The
assignment of the tool axis is decisive for the assignment of the
principal and secondary axes.
If the production drawing is dimensioned in Cartesian coordinates,
you also write the NC program using Cartesian coordinates. For
parts containing circular arcs or angles it is often simpler to give the
dimensions in polar coordinates.
While the Cartesian coordinates X, Y and Z are three-dimensional
and can describe points in space, polar coordinates are twodimensional and describe points in a plane. Polar coordinates have
their datum at a circle center (CC), or pole. A position in a plane can
be clearly defined by the:
Polar Radius, the distance from the circle center CC to the
position, and the
Polar Angle, the value of the angle between the angle reference
axis and the line that connects the circle center CC with the
position.
Setting the pole and the angle reference axis
The pole is set by entering two Cartesian coordinates in one of the
three planes. These coordinates also set the reference axis for the
polar angle PA.
Coordinates of the pole
(plane)
X/Y+X
Y/Z+Y
Z/X+Z
Reference axis of the angle
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Absolute and incremental workpiece positions
Absolute workpiece positions
Absolute coordinates are position coordinates that are referenced
to the datum of the coordinate system (origin). Each position on the
workpiece is uniquely defined by its absolute coordinates.
Example 1: Holes dimensioned in absolute coordinates
Hole 1Hole 2Hole 3
X = 10 mmX = 30 mmX = 50 mm
Y = 10 mmY = 20 mmY = 30 mm
Incremental workpiece positions
Incremental coordinates are referenced to the last programmed
nominal position of the tool, which serves as the relative
(imaginary) datum. When you write an NC program in incremental
coordinates, you thus program the tool to move by the distance
between the previous and the subsequent nominal positions. This
is why they are also referred to as chain dimensions.
To program a position in incremental coordinates, enter the
function "I" before the axis.
Example 2: Holes dimensioned in incremental coordinates
3
Fundamentals3.1
Absolute coordinates of hole 4
X = 10 mm
Y = 10 mm
Hole 5, with respect to 4Hole 6, with respect to 5
X = 20 mmX = 20 mm
Y = 10 mmY = 10 mm
Absolute and incremental polar coordinates
Absolute polar coordinates always refer to the pole and the angle
reference axis.
Incremental polar coordinates always refer to the last programmed
nominal position of the tool.
A production drawing identifies a certain form element of the
workpiece, usually a corner, as the absolute datum. When setting
the datum, you first align the workpiece along the machine axes,
and then move the tool in each axis to a defined position relative
to the workpiece. Set the display of the TNC either to zero or to
a known position value for each position. This establishes the
reference system for the workpiece, which will be used for the
TNC display and your part program.
If the production drawing is dimensioned in relative coordinates,
simply use the coordinate transformation cycles (see User’s
Manual for Cycles, Cycles for Coordinate Transformation).
If the production drawing is not dimensioned for NC, set the
datum at a position or corner on the workpiece from which the
dimensions of the remaining workpiece positions can be most
easily measured.
The fastest, easiest and most accurate way of setting the datum is
by using a 3-D touch probe from HEIDENHAIN. See “Setting the
Datum with a 3-D Touch Probe” in the Cycle Programming User’s
Manual.
Example
The workpiece drawing shows holes (1 to 4) whose dimensions are
shown with respect to an absolute datum with the coordinates X=0
Y=0. Holes 5 to 7 are dimensioned with respect to a relative datum
with the absolute coordinates X=450, Y=750. With the DATUMSHIFT cycle you can temporarily set the datum to the position
X=450, Y=750, to be able to program holes 5 to 7 without further
calculations.
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Block number
Path functions
Words
Block
Opening programs and entering3.2
3.2Opening programs and entering
Organization of an NC program in HEIDENHAIN
Conversational format
A part program consists of a series of program blocks. The figure at
right illustrates the elements of a block.
The TNC numbers the blocks in ascending sequence.
The first block of a program is identified by BEGIN PGM, the
program name and the active unit of measure.
The subsequent blocks contain information on:
The workpiece blank
Tool calls
Approaching a safe position
Feed rates and spindle speeds, as well as
Path contours, cycles and other functions
3
The last block of a program is identified by END PGM the program
name and the active unit of measure.
After each tool call, HEIDENHAIN recommends
always traversing to a safe position from which the
TNC can position the tool for machining without
causing a collision!
Define the blank: BLK FORM
Immediately after initiating a new program, you define a cuboid
workpiece blank. If you wish to define the blank at a later stage,
press the SPEC FCT key, the PROGRAM DEFAULTS soft key, and
then the BLK FORM soft key. This definition is needed for the
TNC’s graphic simulation feature. The sides of the workpiece blank
lie parallel to the X, Y and Z axes and can be up to 100 000 mm
long. The workpiece blank is defined by two of its corner points:
MIN point: the smallest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank
form, entered as absolute values
MAX point: the largest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank form,
entered as absolute or incremental values
You only need to define the workpiece blank if you
wish to run a graphic test for the program!
You always enter a part program in the PROGRAMMING AND
EDITING mode of operation. An example of program initiation:
Select the PROGRAMMING mode of operation
Call the file manager: Press the PGM MGT key
Select the directory in which you wish to store the new program:
FILE NAME = ALT.H
Enter the new program name and confirm your
entry with the ENT key.
Select the unit of measure: Press the MM or INCH
soft key. The TNC switches the screen layout and
initiates the dialog for defining the BLK FORM
(workpiece blank)
WORKING PLANE IN GRAPHIC: XY
Enter spindle axis, e.g. Z
WORKPIECE BLANK DEF.: MINIMUM
Enter in sequence the X, Y and Z coordinates of
the MIN point and confirm each of your entries
with the ENT key
WORKPIECE BLANK DEF.: MAXIMUM
Enter in sequence the X, Y and Z coordinates of
the MAX point and confirm each of your entries
with the ENT key
Example: Display the BLK form in the NC program
0 BEGIN PGM NEW MM
1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40
2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0
3 END PGM NEW MM
The TNC automatically generates the block numbers as well as the
BEGIN and END blocks.
Program begin, name, unit of measure
Spindle axis, MIN point coordinates
MAX point coordinates
Program end, name, unit of measure
96
If you do not wish to define a blank form, cancel the
dialog at Working plane in graphic: XY by pressing
the DEL key.
The TNC can display the graphics only if the shortest
side is at least 50 µm long and the longest side is no
longer than 99 999.999 mm.
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Opening programs and entering3.2
Programming tool movements in conversational
To program a block, initiate the dialog by pressing a function key. In
the screen headline, the TNC then asks you for all the information
necessary to program the desired function.
If you enter DIN/ISO functions via a connected USB
keyboard, make sure that capitalization is active.
Example of a positioning block
Open block
3
COORDINATES ?
10 (Enter the target coordinate for the X axis)
20 (Enter the target coordinate for the Y axis)
go to the next question with ENT.
RADIUS COMP.: RL/RR/NO COMP.?
Enter "No radius compensation" and go to the next
question with ENT.
FEED RATE F=? / F MAX = ENT
100 (Enter a feed rate of 100 mm/min for this path contour)
go to the next question with ENT.
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M ?
Enter 3 (miscellaneous function M3 "Spindle ON").
The TNC ends this dialog by pressing the ENT key.
The program-block window displays the following line:
Rapid traverse, non-modal. Exception: If
defined before an APPR block, FMAX is also
in effect for moving to an auxiliary point
(See "Important positions for approach and
departure", page 199)
Traverse feed rate automatically calculated in
TOOL CALL
Move at the programmed feed rate (unit of
measure is mm/min or 1/10 inch/min). With
rotary axes, the TNC interprets the feed rate
in degrees/min, regardless of whether the
program is written in mm or inches
Define the feed per revolution (units in mm/
rev or inch/rev). Caution: In inch-programs, FU
cannot be combined with M136
Define the tooth feed (units in mm/tooth or
inch/tooth). The number of teeth must be
defined in the tool table in the CUT. column
Functions for conversational guidanceKey
Ignore the dialog question
End the dialog immediately
Abort the dialog and erase the block
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Opening programs and entering3.2
Actual position capture
The TNC enables you to transfer the current tool position into the
program, for example during
Positioning-block programming
Cycle programming
To transfer the correct position values, proceed as follows:
Place the input box at the position in the block where you want
to insert a position value
Select the actual-position-capture function: In the
soft-key row the TNC displays the axes whose
positions can be transferred
Select the axis: The TNC writes the current
position of the selected axis into the active input
box
3
In the working plane the TNC always captures the
coordinates of the tool center, even though tool
radius compensation is active.
In the tool axis the TNC always captures the
coordinates of the tool tip and thus always takes the
active tool length compensation into account.
The TNC keeps the soft-key row for axis selection
active until you deactivate it by pressing the actualposition-capture key again. This behavior remains in
effect even if you save the current block and open
a new one with a path function key. If you select a
block element in which you must choose an input
alternative via soft key (e.g. for radius compensation),
then the TNC also closes the soft-key row for axis
selection.
The actual-position-capture function is not allowed if
the tilted working plane function is active.
You cannot edit a program while it is being run by the
TNC in a machine operating mode.
While you are creating or editing a part program, you can select any
desired line in the program or individual words in a block with the
arrow keys or the soft keys:
FunctionSoft key/Keys
Go to previous page
Go to next page
Go to beginning of program
Go to end of program
Change the position of the current block
on the screen. Press this soft key to
display additional program blocks that are
programmed before the current block
Change the position of the current block
on the screen. Press this soft key to
display additional program blocks that are
programmed after the current block
Move from one block to the next
Select individual words in a block
To select a certain block, press the GOTO
key, enter the desired block number, and
confirm with the ENT key. Or: Enter the
block number step and press the N LINES
soft key to jump over the entered number
of lines upward or downward
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