HEIDENHAIN TNC 407 User Manual
Controls on the TNC 407, TNC 415 B and TNC 425
Controls on the visual display unit
Toggle display between machining and
programming modes
GRAPHICS
TEXT
SPLIT
SCREEN
Switch-over key for displaying graphics only,
program blocks only, or both program blocks
and graphics
Soft keys for selecting function in screen
Shift keys for soft keys
Brightness, Contrast
Typewriter keyboard for entering letters and symbols
Q
R
G F S T M
File names/
YW E T
comments
ISO programs
Machine operating modes
MANUAL OPERATION
EL. HANDWHEEL
POSITIONING WITH MDI
Programming path movements
APPR
DEP
L
CR
CT
CHF
RND
CC
C
Approach/depart contour
Straight line
Circle center/pole for polar coordinates
Circle with center point
Circle with radius
Tangential circle
Chamfer
Corner rounding
Tool functions
TOOL
R
DEF
TOOL
CALL
R
R
+
Enter or call tool length and radius
L
Activate tool radius compensation
-
Cycles, subprograms and program section repeats
CYCL
CYCL
DEF
LBL
SET
CALL
LBL
CALL
Define and call cycles
Enter and call labels for subprogramming and
program section repeats
PROGRAM RUN/SINGLE BLOCK
PROGRAM RUN/FULL SEQUENCE
Programming modes
PROGRAMMING AND EDITING
TEST RUN
Program/file management
PGM
NAME
CL
PGM
PGM
CALL
EXT
MOD
Select programs and files
Delete programs and files
Enter program call in a program
Activate external data transfer
Select miscellaneous functions
Moving the cursor and for going directly
to blocks, cycles and parameter functions
Move cursor (highlight)
GOTO
Go directly to blocks, cycles and
parameter functions
Override control knobs
Feed rate Spindle speed
100
100
STOP
TOUCH
PROBE
Enter program stop in a program
Enter touch probe functions in a program
Coordinate axes and numbers, editing
Select coordinate axes or
X
P
V
...
0
...
.
/
+
enter them into program
Numbers
9
Decimal point
Arithmetic sign
Polar coordinates
Incremental dimensions
Q
Q parameters for part families or
in mathematical functions
Capture actual position
NO
ENT
END
ENT
Skip dialog questions, delete words
Confirm entry and resume dialog
End block
50
CE
1
S %
50
DEL
1
50
0
F %
50
0
Clear numerical entry or TNC message
Abort dialog; delete program sections
TNC Guideline:
From workpiece drawing to
program-controlled machining
Step Task TNC Section in
operating mode manual
Preparation
1 Select tools —— ——
2 Set workpiece datum for
coordinate system —— ——
3 Determine spindle speeds
and feed rates —— 12.4
4 Switch on machine —— 1.3
5 Cross over reference marks
6 Clamp workpiece —— ——
7 Set datum /
Reset position display...
7a ... with
7b ... without
8 Enter part program or download 5 to 8
9 Test part program for errors 3.1
10 Test run: Run program block by
11 If necessary: Optimize part
3D Touch Probe or 9.2
3D Touch Probe or 2.3
Entering and testing part programs
over external data interface
block without tool 3.2
program 5 to 8
or 1.3, 2.1
EXT
or or 10
Machining the workpiece
12 Insert tool and run
part program 3.2
1 Introduction
1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407
The TNCs are shop-floor programmable contouring controls for boring
machines, milling machines and machining centers with up to 5 axes. It
also features oriented spindle stop.
In the TNC, one operating mode for machine movement (machining
modes) and one for programming or program testing (programming
modes) are always simultaneously active.
The TNC 425
This control features digital control of machine axis speed. The TNC 425
provides high geometrical accuracy, even with complex workpiece
surfaces and at high speeds.
The TNC 415 B
The TNC 415 B uses an analog method of speed control in the drive
amplifier. All the programming and machining functions of the TNC 425
are also available on the TNC 415 B.
The TNC 407
The TNC 407 uses an analog method of speed control in the drive
amplifier. Most programming and machining functions of the TNC 425 are
also available on the TNC 407, with the following exceptions:
• Graphics during program run
• Tilting the machining plane
• Three-dimensional radius compensation
• Linear movement in more than three axes
Technical differences between TNCs
TNC 425 TNC 415 B TNC 407
Speed control Digital Analog Analog
Block processing time 4 ms 4 ms 24 ms
Control loop cycle time:
Position controller 3 ms 2 ms 6 ms
Control loop cycle time:
Speed controller 0,6 ms 0.6 ms --Program memory 256 K byte 256 K byte 128 K byte
Input resolution 0.1 µm 0.1 µm 1 µm
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-2
1 Introduction
1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407
Visual display unit and keyboard
The 14-inch color screen displays all the information necessary for effective use of the TNCs’ capabilities. Immediately below the screen are soft
keys (keys whose functions are identified on screen) to simplify and
improve flexibility of programming.
The keys are arranged on the keyboard in groups according to function:
This makes it easier to create programs and to use the TNC’s functions.
Programming
The TNCs are programmed right at the machine with interactive, conversational guidance. If a production drawing is not specially dimensioned for
NC, the HEIDENHAIN FK free contour programming makes the necessary
calculations automatically. The TNCs can also be programmed in ISO
format or in DNC mode.
The TNC function for sectioning programs provides a clearer view of long
programs. You can use this function to subdivide a specific program into
structural points. The individual structural points are then displayed in the
right window of the screen and enable you to recognize the structure of
the program at a glance.
Graphics
Interactive graphics show you the contour that you are programming.
Workpiece machining can be graphically simulated both during (only
TNC 415 B and TNC 425) or before actual machining. Various display
modes are available.
Compatibility
The TNCs can execute all part programs that were written on
HEIDENHAIN controls TNC 150 B and later.
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-3
1 Introduction
1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407
Keyboard
The keys on the TNC keyboard are marked with symbols and abbreviations that make them easy to remember. They are grouped according to
the following functions:
Typewriter-style keyboard for entering
file names, comments and other texts,
as well as programming in ISO format
Numerical input and axis selection
Program and file
management
Machine
operating
modes
The functions of the individual keys are described in the fold-out of the
front cover.
Machine panel buttons, e.g.
for your machine tool. In this manual they are shown in gray.
(NC start), are describe in the manual
I
Programming
modes
Dialog initiation
Arrow keys and
GOTO jump
command
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-4
1 Introduction
1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407
Visual display unit
Soft keys with context-specific
functions, and two shift keys
for additional soft-key rows
Brightness control
Contrast control
Switchover between
the active programming and machining
modes
GRAPHICS
TEXT
SPLIT
SCREEN
SPLIT SCREEN key for
switching screen
layout (see page 1-6)
Headline
The two selected TNC modes are written in the screen headline:
the machining mode to the left and the programming mode to the right.
The currently active mode is displayed in the larger box, where the dialog
prompts and TNC messages also appear.
Soft keys
The soft keys select functions which are described in the fields immediately above them. The shift keys to the right and left call additional softkey functions. Colored lines above the soft-key row indicate the number of
available rows. The line representing the active row is highlighted.
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-5
1 Introduction
1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407
Screen layout
You can select the type of display on the TNC screen by pressing the
SPLIT SCREEN key and one of the soft keys listed below. Depending on
the active mode of operation, you can select:
Mode of operation Screen layout Soft key
MANUAL Display positions only
ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL
POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT Display program blocks only
PROGRAM RUN / FULL SEQUENCE, Display program blocks only
PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK,
TEST RUN
Display positions in the left and
STATUS in the right screen window
Display program blocks in the left and
STATUS in the right screens window
Display program blocks in the left and
program structure in the right screen window
Display program blocks in the left and
STATUS in the right screen window
Display program blocks in the left and
graphics in the right screen window
Display graphics only
PROGRAMMING AND EDITING Display program blocks only
Display program blocks in the left and
program structure in the right screen window
Display program blocks in the left and
programming graphics in the right screen window
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-6
1 Introduction
1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407
Screen layout of modesScreen layout of modes
Screen layout of modes
Screen layout of modesScreen layout of modes
PROGRAMMING AND EDITING
Machining
mode
Programming mode is active
Text of the
selected
program
TEST RUN:
Machining
mode
Display of
structural
points
Soft-key row
Programming mode is active
Text of the
selected
program
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-7
Graphics
(or additional
status display,
or program
structure)
Soft-key row
1 Introduction
1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407
MANUAL OPERATION and ELECTRONIC HANDWHEEL modes:
• Coordinates
• Selected axis
• ❊, if TNC is in
operation
• Status display,
e.g. feed rate F,
miscellaneous
function M,
Symbols for basic
rotation and/or tilted
working plane
A machining mode is
selected
Programming
mode
Additional
status display
Soft-key row
PROGRAM RUN / FULL SEQUENCE, PROGRAM RUN / SINGLE BLOCK
A machining mode is
selected
Text of the
selected
program
Status display
Programming
mode
Graphics
(or additional
status display,
or program
structure)
Soft-key row
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-8
1 Introduction
1.1 The TNC 425, TNC 415 B and TNC 407
TNC Accessories
3D touch probes
The TNC provides the following features when
used in conjunction with a 3D touch probe (see
Chapter 9):
• Electronic workpiece locating (compensation
of workpiece misalignment)
• Datum setting
• Workpiece measurement during program run
• Digitizing 3D surfaces (option)
• Tool measurement with the TT 110 touch probe
Fig. 1.6: HEIDENHAIN 3D touch probes TS 511 and TS 120
Floppy disk unit
With the HEIDENHAIN FE 401 floppy disk unit you
can store programs and tables on diskette.
It is also a means of transferring programs which
were created on a personal computer.
With the FE 401 you can transfer programs that
were written on a PC to the TNC. Very large
programs that exceed the storage capacity of the
TNC can be “drip fed” block-by-block: The machine
executes the transferred blocks and erases them
immediately, freeing memory for more blocks from
the FE.
Electronic handwheel
Electronic handwheels give you manual control of
the axis slides. Similar to a conventional machine
tool, the machine slide moves in direct relation to
the rotation of the handwheel. A wide range of
traverses per handwheel revolution is available.
Portable handwheels such as the HR 330 are
connected via cable to the TNC. Integral handwheels such as the HR 130 are built into the
machine control panel. An adapter permits connection of up to three handwheels.
Your machine manufacturer can tell you more about
the handwheel configuration of your machine.
Fig. 1.7: HEIDENHAIN FE 401 floppy disk unit
Fig. 1.8: The HR 330 electronic handwheel
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-9
1 Introduction
1.2 Fundamentals of Numerical Control (NC)
Introduction
This chapter covers the following points:
• What is NC?
• The part program
• Conversational programming
• Reference system
• Cartesian coordinate system
• Additional axes
• Polar coordinates
• Setting a pole at a circle center (CC)
• Datum setting
• Absolute workpiece positions
• Incremental workpiece positions
• Programming tool movements
• Position encoders
• Reference marks
What is NC?
NC stands for “Numerical Control,” that is, control of a machine tool by
means of numbers. Modern controls such as the TNC have a built-in
computer for this purpose and are therefore called CNC (Computerized
Numerical Control).
The part program
The part program is a complete list of instructions for machining a part.
It contains, for example, the target position of a tool movement, the path
function—how the tool should move toward the target position— and the
feed rate. Information on the radius and length of the tool, spindle speed
and tool axis must also be given in the program.
Conversational programming
Conversational programming is an especially easy method of writing
and editing part programs. From the very beginning, the TNCs from
HEIDENHAIN were developed specifically for shop-floor programming
by the machinist. This is why they are called TNC, or “Touch Numerical
Controls.”
You begin programming each machining step by simply pressing a key.
The control then asks for all the information that it needs to execute the
step. It points out programming errors that it recognizes.
In addition to conversational programming, you can also program the TNC
in ISO format or transfer programs from a central host computer for DNC
operation.
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-10
1 Introduction
0° 90°90°
0°
30°
30°
60°
60°
Greenwich
+X
+Y
+Z
+X
+Z
+Y
1.2 Fundamentals of NC
Reference system
In order to define positions one needs a reference system. For example,
positions on the earth's surface can be defined absolutely by their geographic coordinates of longitude and latitude. The word
from the Latin word for "that which is arranged." The network of longitude
and latitude lines around the globe constitutes an absolute reference
system—in contrast to the relative definition of a position that is referenced to a known location.
coordinate
comes
Cartesian coordinate system
On a TNC-controlled milling machine, workpieces are normally machined
according to a workpiece-based Cartesian coordinate system (a rectangular coordinate system named after the French mathematician and
philosopher Renatus Cartesius, who lived from 1596 to 1650). The
Cartesian coordinate system is based on three coordinate axes X, Y and Z
which are parallel to the machine guideways.
The figure to the right illustrates the "right-hand rule" for remembering the
three axis directions: the middle finger is pointing in the positive direction
of the tool axis from the workpiece toward the tool (the Z axis), the thumb
is pointing in the positive X direction, and the index finger in the positive Y
direction.
Fig. 1.9: The geographic coordinate system
is an absolute reference system
Fig. 1.10: Designations and directions of the
axes on a milling machine
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-11
1 Introduction
1.2 Fundamentals of NC
Additional axes
The TNCs (except TNC 407) can control the machine in more than three
axis. The axes U, V and W are secondary linear axes parallel to the main
axes X, Y and Z, respectively (see illustration). Rotary axes
possible. They are designated as A, B and C.
are also
W+
Z
Y
C+
B+
V+
A+
Polar coordinates
The Cartesian coordinate system is especially
useful for parts whose dimensions are mutually
perpendicular. For parts containing circular arcs or
angles it is often simpler to give the dimensions in
polar coordinates. While Cartesian coordinates are
three-dimensional and can describe points in space,
polar coordinates are two dimensional and describe
points in a plane. Polar coordinates have their
datum at a circle center (CC), or pole, from which a
position is measured in terms of its distance from
that pole and the angle of its position in relation to
the pole.
You could think of polar coordinates as the result of
a measurement using a scale whose zero point is
fixed at the datum and which you can rotate to
different angles in the plane around the pole.
The positions in this plane are defined by
U+
Fig. 1.11: Direction and designation of
additional axes
Y
X
PR
PA
3
PR
10
30
Fig. 1.12: Identifying positions on a circular arc with polar coordinates
PA
CC
PR
2
PA
1
0°
X
• the Polar Radius (PR) which is the distance
from the circle center CC to the position,
and the
• Polar Angle (PA) which is the size of the
angle between the reference axis and the scale.
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-12
1 Introduction
Y
X
Z
1.2 Fundamentals of NC
Setting a pole at a circle center (CC)
The pole is set by entering two Cartesian coordinates. These coordinates
also set the reference axis for the polar angle (PA).
Coordinates of the pole Reference axis of the angle
X Y +X
Y Z +Y
Z X +Z
Z
Z
Y
CC
+
CC
0°
X
Fig. 1.13: Polar coordinates and their associated reference axes
Setting the datum
The workpiece drawing identifies a certain prominent point on the workpiece (usually a corner) as the absolute datum and perhaps one or more
other points as relative datums. The process of datum setting establishes
these points as the origin of the absolute or relative coordinate systems:
The workpiece, which is aligned with the machine axes, is moved to a
certain position relative to the tool and the display is set either to zero or
to another appropriate position value (e.g. to compensate the tool radius).
+
Z
Y
Y
0°
0°
+
CC
X
X
Fig. 1.14: The workpiece datum serves as
the origin of the Cartesian
coordinate system
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-13
1 Introduction
1.2 Fundamentals of NC
Example:
Drawings with several relative datums
(according to ISO 129 or DIN 406, Part 11; Figure 171)
1225
750
320
125
250
216,5
216,5
250
-250
-125
-216,5
0
125
0
-125
-216,5
-250
150
0
-150
300±0,1
0
0
0
325
450
700
900
950
Example:
Coordinates of the point ➀ :
X = 10 mm
Y = 5 mm
Z = 0 mm
The datum of the Cartesian coordinate system is located 10 mm away
from point ➀ on the X axis and 5 mm on the Y axis.
The 3D Touch Probe System from HEIDENHAIN is an especially convenient and efficient way to find and set datums.
Z
Y
X
1
5
10
Fig. 1.16: Point ➀ defines the coordinate
system.
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-14
1 Introduction
Y
X
Z
1
20
10
Z=15mm
X=20mm
Y=10mm
15
I
Z=–15mm
Y
X
Z
2
10
5
5
15
20
10
10
I
X=10mm
I
Y=10mm
3
0
0
1.2 Fundamentals of NC
Absolute workpiece positions
Each position on the workpiece is clearly defined by its absolute coordinates.
Example:Example:
Example: Absolute coordinates of the position ➀:
Example:Example:
X = 20 mm
Y = 10 mm
Z = 15 mm
If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a workpiece drawing
with absolute coordinates, you are moving the tool to the coordinates.
Incremental workpiece positions
A position can be referenced to the previous nominal position: i.e. the
relative datum is always the last programmed position. Such coordinates
are referred to as incremental coordinates (increment = “growth”), or
also incremental or chain dimensions (since the positions are defined as a
chain of dimensions). Incremental coordinates are designated with the
prefix I.
Example: Incremental coordinates of the position ➂
referenced to position ➁
Absolute coordinates of the position ➁:
X = 10 mm
Y = 5 mm
Z = 20 mm
Incremental coordinates of the position ➂:
IX = 10 mm
IY = 10 mm
IZ = –15 mm
If you are drilling or milling a workpiece according to a workpiece drawing
with incremental coordinates, you are moving the tool by the coordinates.
An incremental position definition is therefore a specifically relative
definition. This is also the case when a position is defined by the
distance-to-go to the target position (here the relative datum is located at
the target position). The distance-to-go has a negative sign if the target
position lies in the negative axis direction from the actual position.
The polar coordinate system can also express both
types of dimensions:
• Absolute polar coordinates
always refer to the
Y
pole (CC) and the reference axis.
• Incremental polar coordinates always refer to
the last programmed nominal position of the
tool.
PR
10
Fig. 1.17: Definition of position ➀ through
Fig. 1.18: Definition of positions ➁ and ➂
+IPR
+IPA +IPA
absolute coordinates
through incremental coordinates
PR
PR
PA
CC
0°
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-15
Fig. 1.19: Incremental dimensions in polar coordinates (designated
with an "I")
30
X
1 Introduction
1.2 Fundamentals of NC
Example:
Workpiece drawing with coordinate dimensioning
(according to ISO 129 or DIN 406, Part 11; Figure 179)
2.1
2.2
2.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
r
3.7
3
3.8
3.9
3.10
Y2
2 1.3
X2
3.3
3.11
3.2
3.1
3.12
ϕ
1.21.1
Y1
1
X1
Dimensions in mm
Coordinate
Origin Pos. X1 X2 Y1 Y2 r
1100 –
1 1,1 325 320 Ø 120 H7
1 1,2 900 320 Ø 120 H7
1 1,3 950 750 Ø 200 H7
1 2 450 750 Ø 200 H7
1 3 700 1225 Ø 400 H8
2 2,1 –300 150 Ø 50 H11
2 2,2 –300 0 Ø 50 H11
2 2,3 –300 –150 Ø 50 H11
3 3,1 250 0° Ø 26
3 3,2 250 30° Ø 26
3 3,3 250 60° Ø 26
3 3,4 250 90° Ø 26
3 3,5 250 120° Ø 26
3 3,6 250 150° Ø 26
3 3,7 250 180° Ø 26
3 3,8 250 210° Ø 26
3 3,9 250 240° Ø 26
3 3,10 250 270° Ø 26
3 3,11 250 300° Ø 26
3 3,12 250 330° Ø 26
Coordinates
ϕϕ
ϕ d
ϕϕ
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-16
1 Introduction
Y
X
Z
1.2 Fundamentals of NC
Programming tool movements
During workpiece machining, an axis position is changed either by moving
the tool or by moving the machine table on which the workpiece is fixed.
You always program as if the tool is moving and the workpiece is
stationary.
If the machine table moves, the axis is designated on the machine
operating panel with a prime mark (e.g. X’, Y’). Whether an axis designation has a prime mark or not, the programmed direction of axis movement
is always the direction of tool movement relative to the workpiece.
+Y
+Z
+X
Position encoders
The position encoders – linear encoders for linear axes, angle encoders for
rotary axes – convert the movement of the machine axes into electrical
signals. The control evaluates these signals and constantly calculates the
actual position of the machine axes.
If there is an interruption in power, the calculated position will no longer
correspond to the actual position. When power is returned, the TNC can
re-establish this relationship.
Reference marks
The scales of the position encoders contain one or more reference marks.
When a reference mark is passed over, it generates a signal which
identifies that position as the machine axis reference point.
With the aid of this reference mark the TNC can re-establish the assignment of displayed positions to machine axis positions.
If the position encoders feature distance-coded reference marks, each
axis need only move a maximum of 20 mm (0.8 in.) for linear encoders,
and 20° for angle encoders.
Fig. 1.21: On this machine the tool moves in
the Y and Z axes; the workpiece
moves in the positive X' axis.
Fig. 1.22: Linear position encoder, here for
the X axis
Fig. 1.23: Linear scales: above with
distance-coded-reference marks,
below with one reference mark
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-17
1 Introduction
1.3 Switch-on
The switching on and traversing of reference marks are machine tool dependent functions. See your machine tool
manual.
Switch on the TNC and machine tool. The TNC automatically initiates the
following dialog:
MEMORY TEST
The TNC memory is automatically checked.
POWER INTERRUPTED
CE
TRANSLATE PLC PROGRAM
The PLC program of the TNC is automatically translated.
RELAY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING
I
MANUAL OPERATION
TRAVERSE REFERENCE POINTS
I
X
The TNC is now ready for operation in the
MANUAL OPERATION mode.
Y
TNC message indicating that the power was interrupted.
Clear the message.
Switch on the control voltage.
The TNC checks the function of the EMERGENCY OFF button.
Move the axes in the displayed sequence across the reference marks:
For each axis press the START key. Or
Cross the reference points in any direction:
Press and hold the machine axis direction button for each axis
until the reference point has been traversed.
The reference marks need only be traversed if the machine axes are to be moved. If you
intend only to write, edit or test programs, you can select the PROGRAMMING AND
EDITING or TEST RUN modes of operation immediately after switching on the control
voltage. The reference marks can then be traversed later by pressing the PASS OVER
REFERENCE soft key in the MANUAL OPERATION mode.
The reference point of a tilted coordinate system can be traversed by
pressing the machine axis direction buttons. The "tilting the working plane"
function (see page 2-11) must be active in the manual operating mode.
The TNC then interpolates the corresponding axes. The NC START key
has no function and if it is pressed the TNC will respond with an ERROR
message. Make sure that the angular values entered in the menu
correspond with the actual angle of the tilted axis.
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-18
1 Introduction
1.4 Graphics and Status Displays
In the PROGRAMMING AND EDITING mode of operation the programmed macro is displayed as a two-dimensional graphic. During free
contour programming (FK) the programming graphic is interactive.
In the program run (except on TNC 407) and test run operating modes, the
TNC provides the following three display modes:
• Plan view
• Projection in three planes
• 3D view
The display mode is selectable via soft key.
On the TNC 415 B and TNC 425, workpiece machining can also be
graphically simulated in real time.
The TNC graphic depicts the workpiece as if it is being machined by a
cylindrical end mill. If tool tables are used, a spherical cutter can also be
depicted (see page 4-10).
The graphics window does not show the workpiece if
• the current program has no valid blank form definition
• no program is selected
With the machine parameters MP7315 to MP7317 a graphic is generated
even if no tool axis is defined or moved.
The graphics cannot show rotary axis movements (error message).
Graphics during program run
A graphical representation of a running program is not possible if the
microprocessor of the TNC is already occupied with complicated machining tasks or if large areas are being machined.
Example:
Stepover milling of the entire blank form with a large tool.
The TNC interrupts the graphics and displays the text “ERROR” in the
graphics window. The machining process is continued, however.
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 407 1-19
1 Introduction
1.4 Graphics and Status Displays
Plan view
The depth of the workpiece surface is displayed
according to the principle “the deeper, the
darker.”
Use the soft keys to select the number of depth
levels that can be displayed.
• TEST RUN mode: 16 or 32 levels
• PROGRAM RUN modes: 16 or 32 levels
Plan view is the fastest of the three graphic
display modes.
Fig. 1.24: TNC graphics, plan view
or
Switch over soft keys.
Show 16 or 32 shades of depth.
TNC 425/TNC 415 B/TNC 4071-20
1 Introduction
1.4 Graphics and Status Displays
Projection in 3 planes
Similar to a workpiece drawing, the part is displayed with a plan view and two sectional
planes. A symbol to the lower left indicates whether the display is in first angle or third angle
projection according to ISO 6433 (selectable via MP
7310).
Details can be isolated in this display mode for
magnification (see page 1–24).
Shifting planes
The sectional planes can be shifted as desired.
The positions of the sectional planes are visible
during shifting.
Fig. 1.25: TNC graphics, projection in three planes
Fig. 1.26: Shifting sectional planes
or
Shift the soft-key row.
Shift the vertical sectional plane to the right or left.
or
Shift the horizontal sectional plane upwards or downwards.
or
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1.4 Graphics and Status Displays
Cursor position during projection in 3 planes
The TNC shows the coordinates of the cursor
position at the bottom of the graphics window.
Only the coordinates of the working plane are
shown.
This function is activated with machine parameter
MP7310.
Cursor position during detail magnification
During detail magnification, the TNC displays the
coordinates of the axis that is currently being
moved.
The coordinates describe the area determined for
magnification. To the left of the slash is the smallest coordinate of the detail in the current axis, to
the right is the largest.
Fig. 1.27: The coordinates of the cursor position are
displayed to the lower left of the graphic
3D view
The workpiece is displayed in three dimensions,
and can be rotated around the vertical axis.
The shape of the workpiece blank can be depicted
by a frame overlay at the beginning of the graphic
simulation.
In the TEST RUN mode of operation you can isolate
details for magnification.
Fig. 1.28: TNC graphics, 3D view
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1.4 Graphics and Status Displays
To rotate the 3D view:
or
Shift the soft-key row.
Rotate the workpiece in 27° steps around the vertical axis.
or
The current angular attitude of the display is
indicated at the lower left of the graphic.
To switch the frame overlay display on/off:
Show or omit the frame overlay of the workpiece blank form.
or
Fig. 1.29: Rotated 3D view
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1.4 Graphics and Status Displays
Magnifying details
You can magnify details in the TEST RUN mode of
operation in the
• projection in three planes, and
• 3D view
display modes, provided that the graphical simulation is stopped. A detail magnification is always
effective in all three display modes.
To select detail magnification:
Fig. 1.30: Magnifying a detail of a projection in three planes
or
Shift the soft-key row.
Select the left/right workpiece surface.
Select the front/back workpiece surface.
Select the top/bottom workpiece surface.
Shift sectional plane to reduce/magnify the blank form.
or
If desired
Select the isolated detail.
Restart the test run or program run.
If a graphic display is magnified, this is indicated with MAGN at the lower
right of the graphics window. If the detail in not magnified with TRANSFER
DETAIL, you can make a test run of the shifted sectional planes.
If the workpiece blank cannot be further enlarged or reduced, the TNC displays an error message in the graphics
window. The error message disappears when the workpiece blank is enlarged or reduced.
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1.4 Graphics and Status Displays
Repeating graphic simulation
A part program can be graphically simulated as often as desired, either
with the complete workpiece blank or with a detail of it.
Function Soft key
• Restore workpiece blank as it was last shown
• Show the complete BLK FORM as it appeared
before a detail was magnified via TRANSFER
DETAIL
The WINDOW BLK FORM soft key will return the blank form to its original shape and size, even if a detail has
been isolated and not yet magnified with TRANSFER DETAIL.
Measuring the machining time
At the lower right of the graphics window the TNC
shows the calculated machining time in
hours: minutes: seconds
(maximum 99 : 59 : 59)
• Program run:
The clock counts and displays the time from
program start to program end. The timer stops
whenever machining is interrupted.
• Test run:
The clock shows the time which the TNC
calculates for the duration of tool movements.
To activate the stopwatch function:
or
Fig. 1.31: The calculated machining time is shown at the
lower right of the workpiece graphic
Press the shift keys until the soft-key row with the stopwatch functions appears.
The soft keys available to the left of the stopwatch functions depend on the selected display mode.
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1.4 Graphics and Status Displays
Stopwatch functions Soft key
Store displayed time
Show the sum of the stored time and
the displayed time
Clear displayed time
Status displays
During a program run mode of operation the status
display contains the current coordinates and the
following information:
• Type of position display (ACTL, NOML, ...)
• Number of the current tool T
• Tool axis
• Spindle speed S
• Feed rate F
• Active M functions
• “Control in operation” symbol: ❊
• “Axis is locked” symbol:
• Axis can be moved with the handwheel:
• Axes are moving in a tilted working plane:
• Axes are moving under a basic rotation:
Additional status displays
The additional status displays contain further information on the program
run.
To select additional status displays:
Fig. 1.32: Status display in a program run mode of operation
Set the STATUS soft key to ON.
or
Shift the soft-key row.
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1.4 Graphics and Status Displays
Additional status display Soft key
General program information
Positions and coordinates
Tool information
Coordinate transformations
Tool measurement
General program information
Positions and coordinates
Name of main program
Active programs
Cycle definition
Dwell time counter
Machining time
Circle center CC (pole)
Type of position display
Coordinates of the axes
Tilt angle of the working plane
Display of a basic rotation
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1.4 Graphics and Status Displays
Tool information
T: Tool name and number
RT: Name and number of a replacement tool
Tool axis
Tool length and radii
Oversizes (delta values)
Tool life, maximum tool life and maximum tool life
for TOOL CALL
Display of the programmed tool and the (next)
replacement tool
Coordinate transformations
Tool measurement
Main program name
Coordinates of the datum shift
Angle of basic rotation
Mirrored axis
Scaling factor(s)
Scaling datum
Number of the tool to be measured
Measured MIN and MAX values of the
single cutting edges and the result of
measuring the rotating tool
Display whether the tool radius or the tool length is
being measured
When working with the TT 110: Cutting edge
number with the corresponding measured value. If
the measured value is followed by an asterisk, the
allowable tolerance defined in the tool table was
exceeded.
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1.5 Interactive Programming Graphics
The TNC’s two-dimensional interactive graphics
generates the part contour as it is being programmed.
The TNC provides the following features with the
interactive graphics for the PROGRAMMING AND
EDITING operating mode:
• Detail magnification
• Detail reduction
• Block number display ON/OFF
• Restoring incomplete lines
• Clearing the graphic
• Interrupting graphics
The graphic functions are selected exclusively with
soft keys.
To work with interactive graphics you must switch the screen layout to PGM + GRAPHICS (see page 1-6).
To generate graphics during programming:
Fig. 1.37: Interactive graphics
or
AUTO DRAW ON does not simulate program section repeats.
Shift the soft-key row.
Select/deselect graphic generation during programming.
The default setting is OFF.
Generating a graphic for an existing program
To generate a graphic up to a certain block:
or
GOTO
e.g.
4 7
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Select the desired block with the vertical cursor keys.
Enter the desired block number, e.g. 47.
Generate a graphic from block 1 to the entered block.
The AUTO DRAW soft key must be set to ON.
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