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286-31
User Manual
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MTS 286-31 User Manual

Model 286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier
Product Information
l
015-018-201 C
Copyright information © 2007 MTS Systems Corporation. All rights reserved.
Trademark information MTS is a registered trademark of MTS Systems Corporation.
Contact information MTS Systems Corporation
Publication information
Manual Part Number Publication Date
015-018-201 B
015-018-201 C
July 1992
August 2007
Contents
Introduction 5
Major Components 6 Control Panel Valves 7 Specifications 9 How the Pressure Intensifier Works 10
The Area Ratio 11
Operation 13
Operating the Control Panel Valves 15 Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines 16
Fill the Fluid Reservoir 17 Purge and Fill the Pressure Intensifier 20 Pressurize the Intensifier 22 Purge and Fill the Lower Pore Line 24 Purge and Fill the Reference Volume 1 Lines 26 Purge and Fill the Balance and Upper Pore Lines 29 Purge and Fill the Reference Volume 2 Lines 32 Purge and Fill the Low Pressure Reservoir Line 35 Purge and Fill the Reservoir Return Line 38 Refill the Pressure Intensifier 41
Running a Steady State Flow Test 44
Fill the Pressure Intensifier 45 Purge and Fill the Pore Pressure Lines 49 Refill the Pressure Intensifier 53 Prepare to Run a Test 56 End the Test 58
Running a Transient Permeability Flow Test 59
Fill the Pressure Intensifier 60 Purge and Fill the Pore Pressure Lines 63 Refill the Pressure Intensifier 67 \Prepare to Run the Test 70 End the Test 77
Maintenance 81
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier
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4
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier

Introduction

This manual documents the Model 286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier.
The 286.31 pressurizes fresh, distilled water up to 10,000 psi (69 MPa). The pressurized fluid is applied to a specimen installed in a triaxial cell to test its
permeability characteristics.
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier Introduction
5

Major Components

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Major Components
vent
1
is a removable cap that allows air trapped in the system to escape; also the fill point for manually filling the reservoir.
cabinet
2
fluid reservoir
3
control panel
4
identification label
5
pressure intensifier
6
actuator manifold
7
servovalve
8
houses the 286.31. It has leveling casters and a rear access door. holds the system’s distilled water in a clear acrylic container. has the valves needed to operate the 286.31. Valves are identified by name
and placed in front of a hydraulic schematic of the 286.31 and T riaxial Cell. lists unit specifications such as pressure, reservoir capacity, and fluid type. is an servovalve controlled actuator that operates a pump which boosts pore
pressure fluid up to 10,000 psi (69 MPa). is the connection point for hydraulic components. responds to system control signals to operate the pressure intensifier’s
piston.
reference volumes
9
6
Introduction
are two high pressure reservoirs used during transient permeability tests.
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier

Control Panel Valves

Control Panel Valves
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier Introduction
7
Control Panel Valves
1 Intensifier Fill
2 Reservoir Fill/Drain
3 Reservoir Return
4 Permeability Fluid Input 1
Permeability Fluid Input 2
5 Transducer Input 1 Transducer
Input 2
6 Transducer Pressure Balance
7 Permeability Input Permeability
Output
8 Pore Fluid Input Pore Fluid
Output
controls the flow of fluid from the Reservoir into the Pressure Intensifier.
controls the flow of fluid into the Fluid Reservoir when the 286.31 is connected to a fluid supply.
is normally kept closed.
control the filling and pressurization of Reference Volumes 1 and 2.
apply Reference Volume 1 and 2 pressures to the Pressure Transducer when open.
protect the pressure transducer from damaging high pressures. It is normally left open. When closed it exposes this transducer to the pressure differential between Reference Volumes 1 and 2.
apply Reference Volume 1 and 2 pressures to the specimen in the triaxial cell when open.
bypass the permeability fluid circuit when open.
8
Introduction
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier

Specifications

Console Dimensions
height width depth
Weight 1000 lb 454 kg
74 in. 24 in. 32 in
1880 mm 610 mm 813 mm
Specifications
Reservoir capacity
Intensifier capacity
Controllable output pressure 12,000 psi
Max. fluid temperature 167°F 75°C
Fluid type distilled water
Hardline fittings F375C (female)
1.6 gal (369 in
0.09 gal (20 in
20,000 psi
3
) 6.1 litre (6050 cm3)
3
) 0.34 litre (340 cm3)
80 MPa 140 MPa
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier Introduction
9

How the Pressure Intensifier Works

FA1P1×=
P
2
F
A
2
------=
How the Pressure Intensifier Works
The 286.31’s Pressure Intensifier develops the 10,000 psi (69 MPa) pressures applied to your specimen. The pressure transformer is the part of the Intensifier
that develops this pressure.
The pressure transformer’s principle: low pressure applied to a large area produces a large force. Apply this force over a smaller area and you will produce
a higher pressure.
The hydraulic power supply forces hydraulic fluid into the transformer’s low pressure input side. The resulting force (F) is the product of the supply side’s large piston area (A
HPS (P
):
1
) multiplied by the pressure of the hydraulic fluid from the
1
The force produced (F) transfers to the fluid in the output side. The resulting pressure (P2) is the product of the force (F) divided by the output side’s smaller piston area (A
Introduction
10
):
2
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier

The Area Ratio

area ratio
A
1
A
2
------=
How the Pressure Intensifier Works
The area ratio is the ratio of the input pressure to the output pressure. It determines how much the input pressure boosts the output pressure. It is
The identification label on your 286.31 gives its area ratio.
For example, your label says the area ratio is 3.33:1. This means a 3000 psi input pressure will produce a 10,000 psi output pressure.
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier Introduction
11
How the Pressure Intensifier Works
12
Introduction
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier

Operation

Operation of the 286.31 Intensifier consists of —
• Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines
• Running a Steady State Flow Test
• Running a Transient Permeability Flow Test
Note Complete purging needs only to be done when —
• You first install the 286.31.
• You accidentally draw air into the Pressure Intensifier
Special equipment needed —
• distilled water — at least 2 gallons (8 litres)
• 1% Triton® wetting solution
• Teflon® thread sealing tape
The 286.31 is designed to operate as part of an integrated system that typically includes —
• a Test Controller with closed-loop control electronics
• a hydraulic power supply
• a triaxial cell or pressure vessel installed in a load unit
• a confining fluid pressure intensifier
T o become familiar with your system, make a trial run of the test you want to run. Familiarize yourself with the controls and indicators used in each step, without
actually doing the step.
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier Operation
13
The following warning, caution, and note apply during all steps.
WARNING
CAUTION
You will be working with very high pressures — The spray from a leak could cut your skin.
The 286.31 develops intensely high pressures (10000 psi/69 MPa). Broken lines or fittings could produce a skin cutting spray.
Stop if you can’t build up to test pressure. You may have a leak somewhere. Reduce pressure to zero, then find and repair the leak.
Fluid hotter than 165°F/75°C can damage the acry lic flui d res erv oi r an d its hoses.
Watch the temperature of the confining fluid in your triaxial cell — especially if your cell has heaters. The confining fluid will heat the pore fluid.
Wait for the confining fluid temperature to cool below 165°F/75°C before drawing the pore fluid back into the 286.31 reservoir.
Use only distilled water in the 286.31— Use any other fluid and you can wreck its seals.
Note Adding a 1% T riton wetting solution to the distilled water will lubricate the
286.31’s seals and make them last longer.
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Operation
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier

Operating the Control Panel Valves

Most of the steps in this section involve opening and closing valves on the
286.31’s control panel. The pictures that follow in this section will show you which valves to open and close. The figure below is the key to these pictures.
Operating the Control Panel Valves
A full turn opens a valve completely but still lets you shut it quickly. It takes only light force to shut the valve completely, though using more force won’t hurt it.
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier Operation
15

Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines

Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines
In this section you’ll purge the 286.31’s lines of air and fill them with distilled water.
You only need to do this after installing the 286.31 or if you’ve accidentally drawn air into the Pressure Intensifier through a dry Fluid Reservoir.
Note Before you start purging and filling, make sure your Triaxial Cell is open.
Purging and filling has ten major tasks, which must be done in order
• Fill the Fluid Reservoir
• Purge and Fill the Pressure Intensifier
• Pressurize the Intensifier
• Purge and Fill the Lower Pore Line
• Purge and Fill the Reference 1 Lines
• Purge and Fill the Balance and Upper Pore Lines
• Purge and Fill the Reference 2 Lines
• Purge and Fill the Low Pressure Reservoir Line
• Purge and Fill the Reservoir Return Line
• Refill the Pressure Intensifier
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Operation
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier

Fill the Fluid Reservoir

CAUTION
An open Transducer Pressure Balance valve protects the differential pressure transducer from damaging high system pressures —
Keep this valve open except when told to close it.
1. Protect the differential pressure transducer .
Tur n the Transducer Pressure Balance valve to the Open position.
Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier Operation
17
Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines
2. If there is a specimen installed in the triaxial cell, remove it. Lines cannot be purged and filled with a specimen in place.
You will find instructions for removing the specimen in your Triaxial Cell manual.
3. Prepare to fill the Fluid Reservoir. Turn the Pore Fluid Output, Por e Fluid Input, Permeability Output, and
Permeability Input valves to the Close position.
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Operation
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier
Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines
4. Fill the Fluid Reservoir.
If your 286.31 is connected to a distilled water supply —
Tur n the Reservoir Fill/Drain valve to the Open position. When the Fluid Reservoir is about 3/4 full, turn the Reservoir Fill/
Drain valve to the Close position.
If your 286.31 is not connected to a distilled water supply —
Remove the filler plug at the top of the 286.31’s cabinet. Open the console’s rear door . Unscrew one of the hex–head plugs in the
Reservoir. (This allows air to vent more easily out of the Reservoir.) Use a funnel to fill the Fluid Reservoir about 3/4 full.
Seal the filler cap and hex–head plug with Teflon thread sealing tape and reinstall them.
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier Operation
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Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines

Purge and Fill the Pressure Intensifier

1. Switch on electrical power at the control console.
2. Set up the test controller to control the 286.31’s Pressure Intensifier from the Manual Control on the RCS (Remote Station Controller).
3. Select the pore pressure control channel’s most sensitive operating range.
4. Select pore pressure as the active control mode.
5. Apply high hydraulic pressure to the 286.31.
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Operation
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier
Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines
6. Prepare to purge the Pressure Intensifier of air and fill it with fluid.
Tur n the Permeability Fluid Input 1, Permeability Fluid Input 2, and Reservoir Return valves to the Close position.
Tur n the Intensifier Fill val ve to the Open position.
7. On the test controller, monitor the displacement sensor output.
8. Purge the Pressure Intensifier of air and fill it with fluid.
Slowly turn the Manual Control clockwise, then counterclockwise to fully stroke the Intensifier’s piston.
Watch the displacement signal to make sure you fully stroke the piston. When the bubbling at the Fluid Reservoir stops, use the Set Point or
Manual Control to fully retract the Intensifier’s piston.
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier Operation
21
Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines

Pressurize the Intensifier

1. On the test controller, monitor the pressure sensor output.
2. Prepare to pressurize the fluid in the 286.31. Tur n the Intensifier Fill val ve to the Close position.
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Operation
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier
Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines
3. Extend the Pressure Intensifier’s piston to pressurize the fluid.
On the RSC, slowly turn the Manual Control to develop a slight positive pressure.
While purging, keep the pressure as low as practical but positive all the time. Keep watching the pore pressure as you purge the lines.
If pressure starts dropping and extending the piston does not raise the pressure, you will have to stop and refill the Pressure Intensifier.
Note If the Intensifier needs refilling during this procedure —
1. Shut off any valve that is draining fluid out of the 286.31.
2. Turn the Permeability Fluid Input 1, Permeability Fluid Input 2, and Reservoir Return valves to the Close position.
3. Do the steps in “Refill the Pressure Intensifier” on page 41.
4. Return to the step where you were when the Intensifier ran dry.
5. Turn the Permeability Fluid Input 1, Permeability Fluid Input 2, and Reservoir Return valves back where they were.
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier Operation
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Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines

Purge and Fill the Lower Pore Line

1. Purge the lower pore pressure line of air and fill it with fluid.
Tur n the Pore Fluid Input valve to the Open position. Fluid and bubbles will come out of the triaxial cell's lower pore pressure
port. As soon as the bubbles stop, go on to step 2.
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Operation
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier
Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines
2. Shut off the flow to the triaxial cell.
Tur n the Pore Fluid Input valve to the Close position.
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier Operation
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Purging and Filling the Fluid Lines

Purge and Fill the Reference Volume 1 Lines

1. Prepare to purge the Reference Volume 1 lines of air and fill them with fluid.
Tur n the Permeability Fluid Input 1 valve to the Open position. Tur n the Transducer Input 1 valve to the Close position.
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Operation
286.31 Transient Permeability Pore Pressure Intensifier
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