heidenhain TNC 320 User Manual

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User’s Manual HEIDENHAIN Conversational Format

TNC 320

NC Software 340 551-03

English (en) 7/2008

Controls on the visual display unit

Split screen layout Switch between machining or

programming modes Soft keys for selecting functions on

screen Shift between soft-key rows

Typewriter keyboard for entering letters and symbols

File names Comments DIN/ISO programs

Machine operating modes

Manual Operation

Electronic Handwheel

Positioning with Manual Data Input

Program Run, Single Block

Program Run, Full Sequence

Programming modes

Programming and Editing

Test Run

Program/file management, TNC functions

Select or delete programs and files External data transfer

Define program call, select datum and point tables

Select MOD functions

Display help text for NC error messages

Display all current error messages

Show pocket calculator

Moving the cursor, going directly to blocks, cycles and parameter functions

Go directly to blocks, cycles and parameter functions

Move highlight

Override control knobs for feed rate/spindle speed

100

S %

100

F %

Programming path movements

Approach/depart contour

FK free contour programming

Straight line

Circle center/pole for polar coordinates

Circle with center

Circle with radius

Circular arc with tangential connection

Chamfering/Corner rounding

Tool functions

Enter and call tool length and radius

Cycles, subprograms and program section repeats

Define and call cycles Enter and call labels for subprogramming and

program section repeats

Program stop in a program

Define touch probe cycles

Coordinate axes and numbers: Entering and editing

. . .

Decimal point / Reverse algebraic sign Polar coordinate input/

Select coordinate axes or enter them into the program

Numbers

Incremental dimensions

Q parameter programming/Q parameter status

Save actual position or values from calculator

Skip dialog questions, delete words

Confirm entry and resume dialog

Conclude block and exit entry

Clear numerical entry or TNC error message

Abort dialog, delete program section

Deleting individual characters

Special functions / smarT.NC

Show special functions

No function

Up/down one dialog box or button

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 3

TNC Model, Software and Features

This manual describes functions and features provided by TNCs as of the following NC software numbers.

TNC model NC software number

TNC 320 340 551-03

TNC 320 programming station 340 554-03

The machine tool builder adapts the usable features of the TNC to his machine by setting machine parameters. Some of the functions described in this manual may therefore not be among the features provided by the TNC on your machine tool.

TNC functions that may not be available on your machine include:

 Probing function for the 3-D touch probe  Rigid tapping  Returning to the contour after an interruption

In addition, the TNC 320 also has options that can be enabled by your machine tool builder.

Hardware options

Additional axis for 4 axes and open-loop spindle

Additional axis for 5 axes and open-loop spindle

Software option 1

Cylinder surface interpolation (Cycles 27, 28 and 29)

Tilting the machining plane (Cycle 19 and 3-D ROT soft key in the manual operating mode)

Please contact your machine tool builder to become familiar with the features of your machine.

Many machine manufacturers, as well as HEIDENHAIN, offer programming courses for the TNCs. We recommend these courses as an effective way of improving your programming skill and sharing information and ideas with other TNC users.

Touch Probe Cycles User’s Manual:

All of the touch probe functions are described in a separate manual. Please contact HEIDENHAIN if you need a copy of this User’s Manual. ID: 661 873-10

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 5

Feature content level (upgrade functions)

Along with software options, significant further improvements of the TNC software are managed via the Feature Content Level upgrade functions. Functions subject to the FCL are not available simply by updating the software on your TNC.

All upgrade functions are available to you without surcharge when you receive a new machine.

Upgrade functions are identified in the manual with FCL n, where n indicates the sequential number of the feature content level.

You can purchase a code number in order to permanently enable the FCL functions. For more information, contact your machine tool builder or HEIDENHAIN.

Intended place of operation

The TNC complies with the limits for a Class A device in accordance with the specifications in EN 55022, and is intended for use primarily in industrially-zoned areas.

New Functions with 340 55x-03

 The TNC now also supports datum management with the preset

table (see “Datum management with the preset table,” page 54)

 The TNC now also supports the tilting functions on machine tools

with swivel heads and/or tilting tables (see “Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1),” page 60 and see “WORKING PLANE (Cycle 19, software option 1),” page 346)

 Cycle 240 Centering added (See “CENTERING (Cycle 240)” on page

215)

 Cycle 208 Helical Finish Milling: The type of milling (climb or up-cut)

can now be selected (See “BORE MILLING (Cycle 208)” on page

231)

 Cycle 209 Tapping with Chip Breaking: Fast retraction added (See

“TAPPING WITH CHIP BREAKING (Cycle 209)” on page 237)

 Touch Probe Cycles 400 to 405 for automatic measurement and

compensation of workpiece misalignment added (see Touch Probe Cycles User’s Manual)

 Touch Probe Cycles 408 to 419 for automatic datum setting added

(see Touch Probe Cycles User’s Manual)

 Touch Probe Cycles 420 to 431 for automatic workpiece

measurement added (see Touch Probe Cycles User’s Manual)

 Touch Probe Cycles 480 (30) to 483 (33) for automatic tool

measurement added (see Touch Probe Cycles User’s Manual)

 Cycle 19 Working Plane and 3-D ROT (See “Tilting the Working

Plane (Software Option 1)” on page 60)

 Backspace dialog key (See page 32)

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 7

Contents

Introduction

Manual Operation and Setup

Positioning with Manual Data Input

Programming: Fundamentals of File Management, Programming Aids

Programming: Tools

Programming: Programming Contours

Programming: Miscellaneous Functions

Programming: Cycles

Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats

Programming: Q Parameters

Test Run and Program Run

MOD Functions

Technical Information

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

11 12 13

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 9

1 Introduction ..... 29

1.1 The TNC 320 ..... 30

Programming: HEIDENHAIN conversational format ..... 30

Compatibility ..... 30

1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard ..... 31

Visual display unit ..... 31

Sets the screen layout ..... 32

Operating panel ..... 32

1.3 Operating Modes ..... 33

Manual operation and electronic handwheel ..... 33

Positioning with Manual Data Input ..... 33

Programming and Editing ..... 34

Test Run ..... 34

Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, Single Block ..... 35

1.4 Status Displays ..... 36

“General” status display ..... 36

Additional status displays ..... 38

1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels ..... 41

3-D touch probes ..... 41

TT 140 tool touch probe for tool measurement ..... 42

HR electronic handwheels ..... 42

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 11

2 Manual Operation and Setup ..... 43

2.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off ..... 44

Switch-on ..... 44

Switch-off ..... 46

2.2 Moving the Machine Axes ..... 47

Note ..... 47

To traverse with the machine axis direction buttons ..... 47

Incremental jog positioning ..... 48

Traversing with the HR 410 electronic handwheel ..... 49

2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M ..... 50

Function ..... 50

Entering values ..... 50

Changing the spindle speed and feed rate ..... 51

2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe) ..... 52

Note ..... 52

Preparation ..... 52

Datum setting with axis keys ..... 53

Datum management with the preset table ..... 54

2.5 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1) ..... 60

Application, function ..... 60

Traversing the reference points in tilted axes ..... 62

Position display in a tilted system ..... 62

Limitations on working with the tilting function ..... 62

Activating manual tilting ..... 63

3 Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI) ..... 65

3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations ..... 66

Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI) ..... 66

Protecting and erasing programs in $MDI ..... 69

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 13

4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids ..... 71

4.1 Fundamentals ..... 72

Position encoders and reference marks ..... 72

Reference system ..... 72

Reference system on milling machines ..... 73

Designation of the axes on milling machines ..... 73

Polar coordinates ..... 74

Absolute and incremental workpiece positions ..... 75

Setting the datum ..... 76

4.2 File Management: Fundamentals ..... 77

Files ..... 77

Screen keypad ..... 79

Data backup ..... 79

4.3 Working with the File Manager ..... 80

Directories ..... 80

Paths ..... 80

Overview: Functions of the file manager ..... 81

Calling the file manager ..... 82

Selecting drives, directories and files ..... 83

Creating a new directory ..... 84

Copying a single file ..... 85

Copying a directory ..... 85

Choosing one of the last 10 files selected ..... 86

Deleting a file ..... 86

Deleting a directory ..... 86

Marking files ..... 87

Renaming a file ..... 88

File sorting ..... 88

Additional functions ..... 88

Data transfer to or from an external data medium ..... 89

Copying files into another directory ..... 91

The TNC in a network ..... 92

USB devices on the TNC ..... 93

4.4 Creating and Writing Programs ..... 94

Organization of an NC program in HEIDENHAIN conversational format ..... 94

Define the blank: BLK FORM ..... 94

Creating a new part program ..... 95

Programming tool movements in conversational format ..... 97

Actual position capture ..... 98

Editing a program ..... 99

The TNC search function ..... 103

4.5 Interactive Programming Graphics ..... 105

Generating / Not generating graphics during programming: ..... 105

Generating a graphic for an existing program ..... 105

Block number display ON/OFF ..... 106

Erasing the graphic ..... 106

Magnifying or reducing a detail ..... 106

4.6 Structuring Programs ..... 107

Definition and applications ..... 107

Displaying the program structure window / Changing the active window ..... 107

Inserting a structuring block in the (left) program window ..... 107

Selecting blocks in the program structure window ..... 107

4.7 Adding Comments ..... 108

Function ..... 108

Adding a comment line ..... 108

Functions for editing of the comment ..... 108

4.8 Integrated Pocket Calculator ..... 109

Operation ..... 109

4.9 Error messages ..... 111

Display of errors ..... 111

Open the error window ..... 111

Close the error window ..... 111

Detailed error messages ..... 112

INTERNAL INFO soft key ..... 112

Clearing errors ..... 113

Error log ..... 113

Keystroke log ..... 114

Informational texts ..... 115

Saving service files ..... 115

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 15

5 Programming: Tools ..... 117

5.1 Entering Tool-Related Data ..... 118

Feed rate F ..... 118

Spindle speed S ..... 119

5.2 Tool Data ..... 120

Requirements for tool compensation ..... 120

Tool numbers and tool names ..... 120

Tool length L ..... 120

Tool radius R ..... 121

Delta values for lengths and radii ..... 121

Entering tool data into the program ..... 121

Entering tool data in the table ..... 122

Pocket table for tool changer ..... 128

Calling tool data ..... 131

5.3 Tool Compensation ..... 133

Introduction ..... 133

Tool length compensation ..... 133

Tool radius compensation ..... 134

6 Programming: Programming Contours ..... 137

6.1 Tool Movements ..... 138

Path functions ..... 138

FK free contour programming ..... 138

Miscellaneous functions M ..... 138

Subprograms and program section repeats ..... 138

Programming with Q parameters ..... 138

6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions ..... 139

Programming tool movements for workpiece machining ..... 139

6.3 Contour Approach and Departure ..... 142

Overview: Types of paths for contour approach and departure ..... 142

Important positions for approach and departure ..... 143

Approaching on a straight line with tangential connection: APPR LT ..... 145

Approaching on a straight line perpendicular to the first contour point: APPR LN ..... 145

Approaching on a circular path with tangential connection: APPR CT ..... 146

Approaching on a circular arc with tangential connection from a straight line to the contour: APPR LCT ..... 147

Departing on a straight line with tangential connection: DEP LT ..... 148

Departing on a straight line perpendicular to the last contour point: DEP LN ..... 148

Departure on a circular path with tangential connection: DEP CT ..... 149

Departing on a circular arc tangentially connecting the contour and a straight line: DEP LCT ..... 149

6.4 Path Contours—Cartesian Coordinates ..... 150

Overview of path functions ..... 150

Straight line L ..... 151

Inserting a chamfer CHF between two straight lines ..... 152

Corner rounding RND ..... 153

Circle center CC ..... 154

Circular path C around circle center CC ..... 155

Circular path CR with defined radius ..... 156

Circular path CT with tangential connection ..... 158

6.5 Path Contours—Polar Coordinates ..... 163

Overview ..... 163

Polar coordinate origin: Pole CC ..... 164

Straight line LP ..... 164

Circular path CP around pole CC ..... 165

Circular path CTP with tangential connection ..... 165

Helical interpolation ..... 166

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 17

6.6 Path Contours—FK Free Contour Programming ..... 170

Fundamentals ..... 170

Graphics during FK programming ..... 171

Initiating the FK dialog ..... 173

Pole for FK programming ..... 173

Free programming of straight lines ..... 174

Free programming of circular arcs ..... 174

Input possibilities ..... 175

Auxiliary points ..... 178

Relative data ..... 179

7 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions ..... 187

7.1 Entering Miscellaneous Functions M and STOP ..... 188

Fundamentals ..... 188

7.2 Miscellaneous Functions for Program Run Control, Spindle and Coolant ..... 190

Overview ..... 190

7.3 Miscellaneous Functions for Coordinate Data ..... 191

Programming machine-referenced coordinates: M91/M92 ..... 191

Moving to positions in a non-tilted coordinate system with a tilted working plane: M130 ..... 193

7.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior ..... 194

Machining small contour steps: M97 ..... 194

Machining open contours: M98 ..... 196

Feed rate for circular arcs: M109/M110/M111 ..... 197

Calculating the radius-compensated path in advance (LOOK AHEAD): M120 ..... 198

Superimposing handwheel positioning during program run: M118 ..... 200

Retraction from the contour in the tool-axis direction: M140 ..... 201

Suppressing touch probe monitoring: M141 ..... 202

Delete basic rotation: M143 ..... 202

Automatically retract tool from the contour at an NC stop: M148 ..... 203

7.5 Miscellaneous Functions for Rotary Axes ..... 204

Feed rate in mm/min on rotary axes A, B, C: M116 (software option 1) ..... 204

Shorter-path traverse of rotary axes: M126 ..... 205

Reducing display of a rotary axis to a value less than 360°: M94 ..... 206

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 19

8 Programming: Cycles ..... 207

8.1 Working with Cycles ..... 208

Machine-specific cycles ..... 208

Defining a cycle using soft keys ..... 209

Defining a cycle using the GOTO function ..... 209

Cycles Overview ..... 210

Calling cycles ..... 211

8.2 Cycles for Drilling, Tapping and Thread Milling ..... 213

Overview ..... 213

CENTERING (Cycle 240) ..... 215

DRILLING (Cycle 200) ..... 217

REAMING (Cycle 201) ..... 219

BORING (Cycle 202) ..... 221

UNIVERSAL DRILLING (Cycle 203) ..... 223

BACK BORING (Cycle 204) ..... 225

UNIVERSAL PECKING (Cycle 205) ..... 228

BORE MILLING (Cycle 208) ..... 231

TAPPING NEW with floating tap holder (Cycle 206) ..... 233

RIGID TAPPING without a floating tap holder NEW (Cycle 207) ..... 235

TAPPING WITH CHIP BREAKING (Cycle 209) ..... 237

Fundamentals of thread milling ..... 240

THREAD MILLING (Cycle 262) ..... 242

THREAD MILLING/COUNTERSINKING (Cycle 263) ..... 244

THREAD DRILLING/MILLING (Cycle 264) ..... 248

HELICAL THREAD DRILLING/MILLING (Cycle 265) ..... 252

OUTSIDE THREAD MILLING (Cycle 267) ..... 256

8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots ..... 262

Overview ..... 262

POCKET MILLING (Cycle 4) ..... 263

POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 212) ..... 265

STUD FINISHING (Cycle 213) ..... 267

CIRCULAR POCKET (Cycle 5) ..... 269

CIRCULAR POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 214) ..... 271

CIRCULAR STUD FINISHING (Cycle 215) ..... 273

SLOT (oblong hole) with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 210) ..... 275

CIRCULAR SLOT (oblong hole) with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 211) ..... 278

8.4 Cycles for Machining Point Patterns ..... 284

Overview ..... 284

CIRCULAR PATTERN (Cycle 220) ..... 285

LINEAR PATTERN (Cycle 221) ..... 287

8.5 SL Cycles ..... 291

Fundamentals ..... 291

Overview of SL cycles ..... 293

CONTOUR GEOMETRY (Cycle 14) ..... 294

Overlapping contours ..... 294

CONTOUR DATA (Cycle 20) ..... 297

PILOT DRILLING (Cycle 21) ..... 298

ROUGH-OUT (Cycle 22) ..... 299

FLOOR FINISHING (Cycle 23) ..... 301

SIDE FINISHING (Cycle 24) ..... 302

CONTOUR TRAIN (Cycle 25) ..... 303

Program defaults for cylindrical surface machining cycles (software option 1!) ..... 305

CYLINDER SURFACE (Cycle 27, software option 1) ..... 306

CYLINDER SURFACE slot milling (Cycle 28, software option 1) ..... 308

CYLINDER SURFACE ridge milling (Cycle 29, software option 1) ..... 310

8.6 Cycles for Multipass Milling ..... 321

Overview ..... 321

MULTIPASS MILLING (Cycle 230) ..... 322

RULED SURFACE (Cycle 231) ..... 324

FACE MILLING (Cycle 232) ..... 327

8.7 Coordinate Transformation Cycles ..... 334

Overview ..... 334

Effect of coordinate transformations ..... 335

DATUM SHIFT (Cycle 7) ..... 336

DATUM SHIFT with datum tables (Cycle 7) ..... 337

DATUM SETTING (Cycle 247) ..... 340

MIRROR IMAGE (Cycle 8) ..... 341

ROTATION (Cycle 10) ..... 343

SCALING FACTOR (Cycle 11) ..... 344

AXIS-SPECIFIC SCALING (Cycle 26) ..... 345

WORKING PLANE (Cycle 19, software option 1) ..... 346

8.8 Special Cycles ..... 354

DWELL TIME (Cycle 9) ..... 354

PROGRAM CALL (Cycle 12) ..... 355

ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP (Cycle 13) ..... 356

TOLERANCE (Cycle 32) ..... 357

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 21

9 Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats ..... 361

9.1 Labeling Subprograms and Program Section Repeats ..... 362

Labels ..... 362

9.2 Subprograms ..... 363

Operating sequence ..... 363

Programming notes ..... 363

Programming a subprogram ..... 363

Calling a subprogram ..... 363

9.3 Program Section Repeats ..... 364

Label LBL ..... 364

Operating sequence ..... 364

Programming notes ..... 364

Programming a program section repeat ..... 364

Calling a program section repeat ..... 364

9.4 Separate Program as Subprogram ..... 365

Operating sequence ..... 365

Programming notes ..... 365

Calling any program as a subprogram ..... 365

9.5 Nesting ..... 366

Types of nesting ..... 366

Nesting depth ..... 366

Subprogram within a subprogram ..... 366

Repeating program section repeats ..... 368

Repeating a subprogram ..... 369

9.6 Programming Examples ..... 370

10 Programming: Q-Parameters ..... 377

10.1 Principle and Overview ..... 378

Programming notes ..... 379

Calling Q parameter functions ..... 379

10.2 Part Families—Q Parameters in Place of Numerical Values ..... 380

Example NC blocks ..... 380

Example ..... 380

10.3 Describing Contours through Mathematical Operations ..... 381

Function ..... 381

Overview ..... 381

Programming fundamental operations ..... 382

10.4 Trigonometric Functions ..... 383

Definitions ..... 383

Programming trigonometric functions ..... 384

10.5 Calculating Circles ..... 385

Function ..... 385

10.6 If-Then Decisions with Q Parameters ..... 386

Function ..... 386

Unconditional jumps ..... 386

Programming If-Then decisions ..... 386

Abbreviations used: ..... 387

10.7 Checking and Changing Q Parameters ..... 388

Procedure ..... 388

10.8 Additional Functions ..... 389

Overview ..... 389

FN14: ERROR: Displaying error messages ..... 390

FN 16: F-PRINT: Formatted output of text and Q parameter values ..... 394

FN18: SYS-DATUM READ Read system data ..... 399

FN19: PLC: Transferring values to the PLC ..... 407

FN20: WAIT FOR: NC and PLC synchronization ..... 408

FN29: PLC: Transferring values to the PLC ..... 410

FN37:EXPORT ..... 410

10.9 Accessing Tables with SQL Commands ..... 411

Introduction ..... 411

A Transaction ..... 412

Programming SQL commands ..... 414

Overview of the soft keys ..... 414

SQL BIND ..... 415

SQL SELECT ..... 416

SQL FETCH ..... 419

SQL UPDATE ..... 420

SQL INSERT ..... 420

SQL COMMIT ..... 421

SQL ROLLBACK ..... 421

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 23

10.10 Entering Formulas Directly ..... 422

Entering formulas ..... 422

Rules for formulas ..... 424

Programming example ..... 425

10.11 String Parameters ..... 426

String processing functions ..... 426

Assigning string parameters ..... 427

Chain-linking string parameters ..... 427

Converting a numerical value to a string parameter ..... 428

Copying a substring from a string parameter ..... 429

Converting a string parameter to a numerical value ..... 430

Checking a string parameter ..... 431

Finding the length of a string parameter ..... 432

Comparing alphabetic priority ..... 433

10.12 Preassigned Q Parameters ..... 434

Values from the PLC: Q100 to Q107 ..... 434

Active tool radius: Q108 ..... 434

Tool axis: Q109 ..... 434

Spindle status: Q110 ..... 435

Coolant on/off: Q111 ..... 435

Overlap factor: Q112 ..... 435

Unit of measurement for dimensions in the program: Q113 ..... 435

Tool length: Q114 ..... 435

Coordinates after probing during program run ..... 436

Deviation between actual value and nominal value during automatic tool measurement with the TT 130 ..... 437

Tilting the working plane with mathematical angles: rotary axis coordinates calculated by the TNC ..... 437

Measurement results from touch probe cycles (see also User’s Manual for Touch Probe Cycles) ..... 438

10.13 Programming Examples ..... 440

11 Test Run and Program Run ..... 447

11.1 Graphics ..... 448

Function ..... 448

Overview of display modes ..... 449

Plan view ..... 449

Projection in 3 planes ..... 450

3-D view ..... 451

Magnifying details ..... 452

Repeating graphic simulation ..... 453

Measuring the machining time ..... 453

11.2 Showing the Workpiece in the Working Space ..... 454

Function ..... 454

11.3 Functions for Program Display ..... 455

Overview ..... 455

11.4 Test Run ..... 456

Function ..... 456

11.5 Program Run ..... 458

Function ..... 458

Run a part program ..... 459

Interrupting machining ..... 460

Moving the machine axes during an interruption ..... 460

Resuming program run after an interruption ..... 461

Mid-program startup (block scan) ..... 462

Returning to the contour ..... 463

11.6 Automatic Program Start ..... 464

Function ..... 464

11.7 Optional Block Skip ..... 465

Function ..... 465

Inserting the “/” character ..... 465

Erasing the “/” character ..... 465

11.8 Optional Program-Run Interruption ..... 466

Function ..... 466

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 25

12 MOD Functions ..... 467

12.1 Selecting MOD Functions ..... 468

Selecting the MOD functions ..... 468

Changing the settings ..... 468

Exiting the MOD functions ..... 468

Overview of MOD functions ..... 469

12.2 Software Numbers ..... 470

Function ..... 470

12.3 Position Display Types ..... 471

Function ..... 471

12.4 Unit of Measurement ..... 472

Function ..... 472

12.5 Displaying Operating Times ..... 473

Function ..... 473

12.6 Entering Code Numbers ..... 474

Function ..... 474

12.7 Setting the Data Interfaces ..... 475

Serial interface on the TNC 320 ..... 475

Function ..... 475

Setting the RS-232 interface ..... 475

Setting the baud rate (baudRate) ..... 475

Set the protocol (protocol) ..... 475

Set the data bits (dataBits) ..... 476

Parity check (parity) ..... 476

Setting the stop bits (stopBits) ..... 476

Setting the handshake (flowControl) ..... 476

Settings for data transfer with the TNCserver PC software ..... 477

Setting the operating mode of the external device (fileSystem) ..... 477

Software for data transfer ..... 478

12.8 Ethernet Interface ..... 480

Introduction ..... 480

Connection possibilities ..... 480

Connecting the control to the network ..... 480

13 Tables and Overviews ..... 485

13.1 Machine-Specific User Parameters ..... 486

Function ..... 486

13.2 Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for the Data Interfaces ..... 494

RS-232-C/V.24 interface for HEIDEHAIN devices ..... 494

Non-HEIDENHAIN devices ..... 495

Ethernet interface RJ45 socket ..... 495

13.3 Technical Information ..... 496

13.4 Exchanging the Buffer Battery ..... 501

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 27

Introduction

1.1 The TNC 320

HEIDENHAIN TNC controls are workshop-oriented contouring controls that enable you to program conventional machining operations right at the machine in an easy-to-use conversational programming language. The TNC 320 is designed for milling and drilling machine tools with up to 4 axes (optionally 5 axes). Instead of the fourth or fifth axis, you can also change the angular position of the spindle under program control.

Keyboard and screen layout are clearly arranged in such a way that the

1.1 The TNC 320

functions are fast and easy to use.

Programming: HEIDENHAIN conversational format

HEIDENHAIN conversational programming is an especially easy method of writing programs. Interactive graphics illustrate the individual machining steps for programming the contour. If a production drawing is not dimensioned for NC, the HEIDENHAIN FK free contour programming performs the necessary calculations automatically. Workpiece machining can be graphically simulated either during or before actual machining.

You can also enter and test one program while the control is running another.

Compatibility

The scope of functions of the TNC 320 does not correspond to that of the TNC 4xx and iTNC 530 series of controls. Therefore, machining programs created on HEIDENHAIN contouring controls (starting from the TNC 150 B) may not always run on the TNC 320. If NC blocks contain invalid elements, the TNC will mark them as ERROR blocks during download.

30 1 Introduction

1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard

Visual display unit

The TNC is delivered with a 15-inch TFT color flat-panel display (see figure at top right).

1 Header

When the TNC is on, the selected operating modes are shown in the screen header: the machining mode at the left and the programming mode at right. The currently active mode is displayed in the larger box, where the dialog prompts and TNC messages also appear (unless the TNC is showing only graphics).

2 Soft keys

In the footer the TNC indicates additional functions in a soft-key row. You can select these functions by pressing the keys immediately below them. The lines immediately above the softkey row indicate the number of soft-key rows that can be called with the black arrow keys to the right and left. The active soft-key row is indicated by brightened bar.

3 Soft-key selection keys 4 Shift between soft-key rows 5 Sets the screen layout 6 Shift key for switchover between machining and programming

modes

7 Soft-key selection keys for machine tool builders 8 Switches soft-key rows for machine tool builders 9 USB connection

5 1

1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 31

Sets the screen layout

You select the screen layout yourself: In the programming mode of operation, for example, you can have the TNC show program blocks in the left window while the right window displays programming graphics. You could also display status information in the right window instead of the graphics, or display only program blocks in one large window. The available screen windows depend on the selected operating mode.

To change the screen layout:

Press the SPLIT SCREEN key: The soft-key row shows the available layout options (See “Operating Modes,” page 33).

Select the desired screen layout.

Operating panel

The TNC 320 is delivered with an integrated keyboard. The figure at right shows the controls and displays of the keyboard:

1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard

1  File management

 Online calculator  MOD function  HELP function

2 Programming modes 3 Machine operating modes 4 Initiation of programming dialog 5 Arrow keys and GOTO jump command 6 Numerical input and axis selection 7 Navigation keys

The functions of the individual keys are described on the inside front cover.

Machine panel buttons, e.g. NC START or NC STOP, are described in the manual for your machine tool.

32 1 Introduction

1.3 Operating Modes

Manual operation and electronic handwheel

The Manual Operation mode is required for setting up the machine tool. In this operating mode, you can position the machine axes manually or by increments and set the datums.

The Electronic Handwheel mode of operation allows you to move the machine axes manually with the HR electronic handwheel.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout (select as described previously)

Window Soft key

Positions

Left: positions, right: status display

Positioning with Manual Data Input

This mode of operation is used for programming simple traversing movements, such as for face milling or pre-positioning.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Window Soft key

Program

Left: program blocks, right: status display

1.3 Operating Modes

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 33

Programming and Editing

In this mode of operation you can write your part programs. The FK free programming feature, the various cycles and the Q parameter functions help you with programming and add necessary information. If desired, you can have the programming graphics show the individual steps.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Window Soft key

Program

Left: program blocks, right: program structure

1.3 Operating Modes

Left: program blocks, right: graphics

Test Run

In the Test Run mode of operation, the TNC checks programs and program sections for errors, such as geometrical incompatibilities, missing or incorrect data within the program or violations of the work space. This simulation is supported graphically in different display modes.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout: See “Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, Single Block,” page 35.

34 1 Introduction

Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, Single Block

In the Program Run, Full Sequence mode of operation the TNC executes a part program continuously to its end or to a manual or programmed stop. You can resume program run after an interruption.

In the Program Run, Single Block mode of operation you execute each block separately by pressing the machine START button.

Soft keys for selecting the screen layout

Window Soft key

Program

Left: program blocks, right: status

Left: program, right: graphics

Graphics

1.3 Operating Modes

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 35

1.4 Status Displays

“General” status display

The status display in the lower part of the screen informs you of the current state of the machine tool. It is displayed automatically in the following modes of operation:

 Program Run, Single Block and Program Run, Full Sequence, except

if the screen layout is set to display graphics only, and

 Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI).

In the Manual mode and Electronic Handwheel mode the status

1.4 Status Displays

display appears in the large window.

36 1 Introduction

Information in the status display

ACTL

Symbol Meaning

Actual or nominal coordinates of the current position.

X Y Z

F S M

Machine axes; the TNC displays auxiliary axes in lower-case letters. The sequence and quantity of displayed axes is determined by the machine tool builder. Refer to your machine manual for more information.

Tool number T

1.4 Status Displays

The displayed feed rate in inches corresponds to one tenth of the effective value. Spindle speed S, feed rate F and active M functions.

Axis locked.

Override setting in percent.

Axis can be moved with the handwheel.

Axes are moving under a basic rotation.

Axes are moving in a tilted working plane.

No active program.

Program run started.

Stops the program run.

Program run is being aborted.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 37

Additional status displays

The additional status displays contain detailed information on the program run. They can be called in all operating modes except for the Programming mode.

To switch on the additional status display:

Call the soft-key row for screen layout.

1.4 Status Displays

To select an additional status display:

You can choose between several additional status displays with the following soft keys:

Select the layout option for the additional status display.

Shift the soft-key rows until the STATUS soft keys appear.

Select the desired additional status display, e.g. general program information.

38 1 Introduction

General program information

Soft key Meaning

Name of the active main program

Active programs

Active machining cycle

Circle center CC (pole)

Machining time

Dwell time counter

Positions and coordinates

Soft key Meaning

Type of position display, e.g. actual position

Number of the active datum from the preset table.

Tilt angle of the working plane

Angle of a basic rotation

1.4 Status Displays

Information on tools

Soft key Meaning

 Display of tool: Tool number

Tool axis

Tool lengths and radii

Oversizes (delta values) from TOOL CALL (PGM) and the tool table (TAB)

Tool life, maximum tool life (TIME 1) and maximum tool life for TOOL CALL (TIME 2)

Display of the active tool and the (next) replacement tool

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 39

Coordinate transformation

Soft key Meaning

Program name

Active datum shift (Cycle 7)

Mirrored axes (Cycle 8)

Active rotation angle (Cycle 10)

Active scaling factor(s) (Cycles 11 / 26)

1.4 Status Displays

See “Coordinate Transformation Cycles” on page 334.

Active miscellaneous functions M

Soft key Meaning

List of the active M functions with fixed meaning

List of the active M functions that are adapted by your machine manufacturer

Status of Q parameters

Soft key Meaning

List of Q parameters defined with the Q PARAM LIST soft key

40 1 Introduction

1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels

3-D touch probes

With the various HEIDENHAIN 3-D touch probe systems you can:

 Automatically align workpieces  Quickly and precisely set datums  Measure the workpiece during program run  Measure and inspect tools

All of the touch probe functions are described in a separate manual. Please contact HEIDENHAIN if you require a copy of this User’s Manual. ID 661 873-10.

TS 220, TS 440 and TS 640 touch trigger probes

These touch probes are particularly effective for automatic workpiece alignment, datum setting and workpiece measurement. The TS 220 transmits the triggering signals to the TNC via cable and may be a more economical alternative.

The TS 440, TS 444, TS 640 and TS 740 (see figures at right) feature infrared transmission of the triggering signal to the TNC. This makes them highly convenient for use on machines with automatic tool changers.

Principle of operation: HEIDENHAIN triggering touch probes feature a wear resisting optical switch that generates an electrical signal as soon as the stylus is deflected. This signal is transmitted to the TNC, which stores the current position of the stylus as an actual value.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 41

1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels

TT 140 tool touch probe for tool measurement

The TT 140 is a triggering 3-D touch probe for tool measurement and inspection. Your TNC provides three cycles for this touch probe with which you can measure the tool length and radius automatically either with the spindle rotating or stopped. The TT 140 features a particularly rugged design and a high degree of protection, which make it insensitive to coolants and swarf. The triggering signal is generated by a wear-resistant and highly reliable optical switch.

HR electronic handwheels

Electronic handwheels facilitate moving the axis slides precisely by hand. A wide range of traverses per handwheel revolution is available. Apart from the HR 130 and HR 150 integral handwheels, HEIDENHAIN also offers the HR 410 portable handwheel.

1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels

42 1 Introduction

Manual Operation and Setup

2.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off

Switch-on

Switch-on and crossing the reference points can vary depending on the machine tool. Refer to your machine manual.

Switch on the power supply for control and machine. The TNC then displays the following dialog:

SYSTEM STARTUP

TNC is started

POWER INTERRUPTED

2.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off

TNC message that the power was interrupted—clear the message.

CONVERT PLC PROGRAM

The PLC program of the TNC is automatically compiled.

RELAY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING

Switch on external dc voltage. The TNC checks the functioning of the EMERGENCY STOP circuit.

MANUAL OPERATION TRAVERSE REFERENCE POINTS

Cross the reference points manually in the displayed sequence: For each axis press the machine START button, or

Cross the reference points in any sequence: Press and hold the machine axis direction button for each axis until the reference point has been traversed.

If your machine is equipped with absolute encoders, you can leave out crossing the reference marks. In such a case, the TNC is ready for operation immediately after the machine control voltage is switched on.

44 2 Manual Operation and Setup

The TNC is now ready for operation in the Manual Operation mode.

The reference points need only be crossed if the machine axes are to be moved. If you intend only to write, edit or test programs, you can select the Programming or Test Run modes of operation immediately after switching on the control voltage.

You can cross the reference points later by pressing the PASS OVER REFERENCE soft key in the Manual Operation mode.

Crossing the reference point in a tilted working plane

The TNC automatically activates the tilted working plane if this function was enabled when the control was switched off. Then the TNC moves the axes in the tilted coordinate system when an axisdirection key is pressed. Position the tool in such a way that a collision is excluded during the subsequent crossing of the reference points. To cross the reference points you have to deactivate the "Tilt Working Plane" function, See “Activating manual tilting,” page 63.

Make sure that the angle values entered in the menu for tilting the working plane match the actual angles of the tilted axis.

Deactivate the "Tilt Working Plane" function before you cross the reference points. Take care that there is no collision. Retract the tool from the current position first, if necessary.

2.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off

If you use this function, then for non-absolute encoders you must confirm the positions of the rotary axes, which the TNC displays in a pop-up window. The position displayed is the last active position of the rotary axes before switch-off.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 45

Switch-off

To prevent data being lost at switch-off, you need to shut down the operating system of the TNC as follows:

 Select the Manual Operation mode.

 Select the function for shutting down, confirm again

with the YES soft key.

 When the TNC displays the message NOW IT IS SAFE

TO TURN POWER OFF in a superimposed window, you

may cut off the power supply to the TNC.

Inappropriate switch-off of the TNC can lead to data loss. Remember that pressing the END key after the control

has been shut down restarts the control. Switch-off during a restart can also result in data loss!

2.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off

46 2 Manual Operation and Setup

2.2 Moving the Machine Axes

Note

Traversing with the machine axis direction buttons can vary depending on the machine tool. The machine tool manual provides further information.

To traverse with the machine axis direction buttons

Select the Manual Operation mode.

Press the machine axis direction button and hold it as long as you wish the axis to move, or

Move the axis continuously: Press and hold the machine axis direction button, then press the

and

machine START button.

2.2 Moving the Machine Axes

To stop the axis, press the machine STOP button.

You can move several axes at a time with these two methods. You can change the feed rate at which the axes are traversed with the F soft key, See “Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M,” page 50.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 47

Incremental jog positioning

With incremental jog positioning you can move a machine axis by a preset distance.

Select the Manual Operation or Electronic Handwheel mode.

Select incremental jog positioning: Switch the INCREMENT soft key to ON.

LINEAR AXES:

Enter the jog increment in mm, e.g. 8 mm, and press the CONFIRM VALUE soft key.

2.2 Moving the Machine Axes

To deactivate the function, press the Switch off soft key.

Finish the entry with the OK soft key.

Press the machine axis direction button as often as desired

48 2 Manual Operation and Setup

Traversing with the HR 410 electronic handwheel

The portable HR 410 handwheel is equipped with two permissive buttons. The permissive buttons are located below the star grip.

You can only move the machine axes when a permissive button is depressed (machine-dependent function).

The HR 410 handwheel features the following operating elements:

1 EMERGENCY STOP button 2 Handwheel 3 Permissive buttons 4 Axis address keys 5 Actual-position-capture key 6 Keys for defining the feed rate (slow, medium, fast; the feed rates

are set by the machine tool builder)

7 Direction in which the TNC moves the selected axis 8 Machine function (set by the machine tool builder)

The red indicator lights show the axis and feed rate you have selected. It is also possible to move the machine axes with the handwheel

during program run if M118 is active.

Procedure for traversing

Select the Electronic Handwheel operating mode.

4 5

2.2 Moving the Machine Axes

Press and hold a permissive button.

Select the axis.

Select the feed rate.

Move the active axis in the positive or negative

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 49

direction.

2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M

Function

In the Manual Operation and Electronic Handwheel operating modes, you can enter the spindle speed S, feed rate F and the miscellaneous functions M with soft keys. The miscellaneous functions are described in Chapter 7 “Programming: Miscellaneous Functions.”

The machine tool builder determines which miscellaneous functions M are available on your control and what effects they have.

Entering values

Spindle speed S, miscellaneous function M

To enter the spindle speed, press the S soft key.

SPINDLE SPEED S =

1000

The spindle speed S with the entered rpm is started with a miscellaneous function M. Proceed in the same way to enter a miscellaneous function M.

Feed rate F

After entering a feed rate F, you must confirm your entry with the OK key instead of the machine START button.

The following is valid for feed rate F:

 If you enter F=0, then the lowest feed rate from the machine

parameter minFeed is effective

 If the feed rate entered exceeds the value defined in the machine

parameter maxFeed, then the parameter value is effective.

 F is not lost during a power interruption

2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M

Enter the desired spindle speed and confirm your entry with the machine START button.

50 2 Manual Operation and Setup

Changing the spindle speed and feed rate

With the override knobs you can vary the spindle speed S and feed rate F from 0% to 150% of the set value.

The override knob for spindle speed is only functional on machines with infinitely variable spindle drive.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 51

2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M

2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe)

Note

For datum setting with a 3-D touch probe, refer to the Touch Probe Cycles Manual.

You fix a datum by setting the TNC position display to the coordinates of a known position on the workpiece.

Preparation

 Clamp and align the workpiece.  Insert the zero tool with known radius into the spindle.  Ensure that the TNC is showing the actual position values.

2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe)

52 2 Manual Operation and Setup

Datum setting with axis keys

Fragile workpiece?

If the workpiece surface must not be scratched, you can lay a metal shim of known thickness d on it. Then enter a tool axis datum value that is larger than the desired datum by the value d.

Select the Manual Operation mode.

Move the tool slowly until it touches (scratches) the workpiece surface.

Select an axis (all axes can also be selected via the ASCII keyboard).

DATUM SET Z=

Zero tool in spindle axis: Set the display to a known workpiece position (here, 0) or enter the thickness d of the shim. In the tool axis, offset the tool radius.

Repeat the process for the remaining axes. If you are using a preset tool, set the display of the tool axis to the

length L of the tool or enter the sum Z=L+d

-R

2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe)

The TNC automatically saves the datum set with the axis keys in line 0 of the preset table.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 53

Datum management with the preset table

You should definitely use the preset table if:

 Your machine is equipped with rotary axes (tilting table

or swivel head) and you work with the function for tilting the working plane

 Up to now you have been working with older TNC

controls with REF-based datum tables

 You wish to machine identical workpieces that are

differently aligned

The preset table can contain any number of lines (datums). To optimize the file size and the processing speed, you should use only as many lines as you need for datum management.

For safety reasons, new lines can be inserted only at the end of the preset table.

Saving the datums in the preset table

The preset table has the name PRESET.PR, and is saved in the directory TNC:\table. PRESET.PR is editable only in the Manual Operation and Electronic Handwheel modes. In the Programming mode you can only

read the table, not edit it. It is permitted to copy the preset table into another directory (for data

backup). Never change the number of lines in the copied tables! That could

cause problems when you want to reactivate the table. To activate the preset table copied to another directory you have to

copy it back to the directory TNC:\table.

2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe)

54 2 Manual Operation and Setup

There are several methods for saving datums and/or basic rotations in the preset table:

 Through probing cycles in the Manual Operation or Electronic

Handwheel modes (see User’s Manual, Touch Probe Cycles, Chapter 2)

 Through the Probing Cycles 400 to 419 (see User’s Manual, Touch

Probe Cycles, Chapter 3)

 Manual entry (see description below)

Basic rotations from the preset table rotate the coordinate system about the preset, which is shown in the same line as the basic rotation.

When setting a preset, take care that the position of the tilting axes matches the corresponding values of the 3-D ROT menu. Therefore:

 If the “Tilt working plane” function is not active, the

position displays for the rotary axes must = 0° (zero the rotary axes if necessary).

 If the “Tilt working plane” function is active, the position

displays for the rotary axes must match the angles entered in the 3-D ROT menu.

The line 0 in the preset table is write protected. In line 0, the TNC always saves the datum that you most recently set manually via the axis keys or via soft key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 55

2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe)

Manually saving the datums in the preset table

In order to set datums in the preset table, proceed as follows:

Select the Manual Operation mode.

Move the tool slowly until it touches (scratches) the workpiece surface, or position the measuring dial correspondingly.

Display the preset table: The TNC opens the preset table

Select functions for entering the presets: The TNC displays the available possibilities for entry in the softkey row. See the table below for a description of the entry possibilities.

Select the line in the preset table that you want to change (the line number is the preset number).

2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe)

If needed, select the column (axis) in the preset table that you want to change.

Use the soft keys to select one of the available entry possibilities (see the following table).

56 2 Manual Operation and Setup

Function Soft key

Directly transfer the actual position of the tool (the measuring dial) as the new datum: This function only saves the datum in the axis which is currently highlighted.

Assign any value to the actual position of the tool (the measuring dial): This function only saves the datum in the axis which is currently highlighted. Enter the desired value in the pop-up window.

Incrementally shift a datum already stored in the table: This function only saves the datum in the axis which is currently highlighted. Enter the desired corrective value with the correct sign in the pop-up window. If inch display is active: Enter the value in inches, and the TNC will internally convert the entered values to mm.

Directly enter the new datum without calculation of the kinematics (axis-specific). Only use this function if your machine has a rotary table, and you want to set the datum to the center of the rotary table by entering 0. This function only saves the datum in the axis which is currently highlighted. Enter the desired value in the pop-up window. If inch display is active: Enter the value in inches, and the TNC will internally convert the entered values to mm.

Select the BASIC TRANSFORMATION/AXIS OFFSET view. The BASIC TRANSFORMATION view shows the X, Y and Z columns. Depending on the machine, the SPA, SPB and SPC columns are displayed additionally. Here, the TNC saves the basic rotation (for the Z tool axis, the TNC uses the SPC column). The OFFSET view shows the offset values to the preset.

Write the currently active datum to a selectable line in the table: This function saves the datum in all axes, and then activates the appropriate row in the table automatically. If inch display is active: enter the value in inches, and the TNC will internally convert the entered values to mm.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 57

2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe)

Editing the preset table

Editing function in table mode Soft key

Select beginning of table

Select end of table

Select previous page in table

Select next page in table

Select the functions for preset entry

Display Basic Transformation/Axis Offset selection

Activate the datum of the selected line of the preset table

Add the entered number of lines to the end of the table (2nd soft-key row)

Copy the highlighted field (2nd soft-key row)

Insert the copied field (2nd soft-key row)

Reset the selected line: The TNC enters – in all columns (2nd soft-key row)

2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe)

Insert a single line at the end of the table (2nd soft-key row)

Delete a single line at the end of the table (2nd soft-key row)

58 2 Manual Operation and Setup

Activating a datum from the preset table in the Manual Operation mode

When activating a datum from the preset table, the TNC resets the active datum shift, mirroring, rotation and scaling factor.

However, a coordinate transformation that was programmed in Cycle 19 Tilted Working Plane, remains active.

Select the Manual Operation mode.

Display the preset table.

Select the datum number that you want to activate, or

Activate the preset.

Confirm activation of the datum. The TNC sets the display and—if defined—the basic rotation.

Leave the preset table.

Activating a datum from the preset table in an NC program

To activate datums from the preset table during program run, use Cycle 247. In Cycle 247 you define only the number of the datum that you want to activate (See “DATUM SETTING (Cycle 247)” on page

340).

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 59

2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe)

2.5 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)

Application, function

The functions for tilting the working plane are interfaced to the TNC and the machine tool by the machine tool builder. With some swivel heads and tilting tables, the machine tool builder determines whether the entered angles are interpreted as coordinates of the rotary axes or as angular components of a tilted plane. Refer to your machine manual.

The TNC supports the tilting functions on machine tools with swivel heads and/or tilting tables. Typical applications are, for example, oblique holes or contours in an oblique plane. The working plane is always tilted around the active datum. The program is written as usual in a main plane, such as the X/Y plane, but is executed in a plane that is tilted relative to the main plane.

There are two functions available for tilting the working plane:

 3-D ROT soft key in the Manual Operation mode and Electronic

Handwheel mode (See “Activating manual tilting,” page 63).

 Tilting under program control, Cycle 19 WORKING PLANE, in the part

program (See “WORKING PLANE (Cycle 19, software option 1)” on page 346).

The TNC functions for "tilting the working plane" are coordinate transformations. The working plane is always perpendicular to the direction of the tool axis.

10°

2.5 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)

60 2 Manual Operation and Setup

When tilting the working plane, the TNC differentiates between two machine types:

 Machine with tilting tables

 You must tilt the workpiece into the desired position for

machining by positioning the tilting table, for example with an L block.

 The position of the transformed tool axis does not change in

relation to the machine-based coordinate system. Thus if you rotate the table—and therefore the workpiece—by 90° for example, the coordinate system does not rotate. If you press the Z+ axis direction button in the Manual Operation mode, the tool moves in Z+ direction.

 In calculating the transformed coordinate system, the TNC

considers only the mechanically influenced offsets of the particular tilting table (the so-called “translational” components).

 Machine with swivel head

 You must bring the tool into the desired position for machining by

positioning the swivel head, for example with an L block.

 The position of the transformed tool axis changes in relation to the

machine-based coordinate system. Thus if you rotate the swivel head of your machine—and therefore the tool—in the B axis by 90° for example, the coordinate system rotates also. If you press the Z+ axis direction button in the Manual Operation mode, the tool moves in X+ direction of the machine-based coordinate system.

 In calculating the transformed coordinate system, the TNC

considers both the mechanically influenced offsets of the particular swivel head (the so-called “translational” components) and offsets caused by tilting of the tool (3-D tool length compensation).

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 61

2.5 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)

Traversing the reference points in tilted axes

Position display in a tilted system

The positions displayed in the status window (ACTL. and NOML.) are referenced to the tilted coordinate system.

Limitations on working with the tilting function

 PLC positioning (determined by the machine tool builder) is not

possible.

2.5 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)

62 2 Manual Operation and Setup

Activating manual tilting

To select manual tilting, press the 3-D ROT soft key.

Use the arrow keys to move the highlight to the Manual Operation menu item.

Open the selection menu with the GOTO key and use the arrow key to select the Active menu item; confirm with the ENT key.

Use the arrow keys to position the highlight on the desired rotary axis.

Enter the tilt angle or

Press the CONFIRM VALUE soft key to confirm the current REF position of the active rotary axes.

To conclude entry, press the OK soft key.

To cancel the entry, press the CANCEL soft key.

To reset the tilting function, set the desired operating modes in the menu “Tilt working plane” to inactive.

If the tilted working plane function is active and the TNC moves the machine axes in accordance with the tilted axes, the status display shows the symbol.

If you activate the “Tilt working plane” function for the Program Run operating mode, the tilt angle entered in the menu becomes active in the first block of the part program. If you use Cycle 19 WORKING PLANE in the machining program, the angle values defined there are in effect. The TNC will then overwrite the angle values entered in the menu with the values from Cycle 19.

2.5 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 63

Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)

3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations

The Positioning with Manual Data Input mode of operation is particularly convenient for simple machining operations or prepositioning of the tool. You can write a short program in HEIDENHAIN conversational programming and execute it immediately. You can also call TNC cycles. The program is stored in the file $MDI. In the Positioning with MDI operating mode, the additional status displays can also be activated.

Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)

Select the Positioning with MDI mode of operation. Program the file $MDI as you wish.

To start program run, press the machine START key.

Constraints: The following functions are not available in the MDI mode:

 FK free contour programming  Program section repeats  Subprogramming  Path compensation  The programming graphics  Program call PGM CALL  The programming graphics

3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations

66 3 Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)

Example 1

A hole with a depth of 20 mm is to be drilled into a single workpiece. After clamping and aligning the workpiece and setting the datum, you can program and execute the drilling operation in a few lines.

First you pre-position the tool in L blocks (straight-line blocks) to the hole center coordinates at a setup clearance of 5 mm above the workpiece surface. Then drill the hole with Cycle 200 DRILLING.

0 BEGIN PGM $MDI MM 1 TOOL CALL 1 Z S1860

2 L Z+200 R0 FMAX 3 L X+50 Y+50 R0 FMAX M3

4 CYCL DEF 200 DRILLING

Q200=5 ;SET-UP CLEARANCE Q201=-15 ;DEPTH Q206=250 ;FEED RATE FOR PLNGN Q202=5 ;PLUNGING DEPTH Q210=0 ;DWELL TIME AT TOP Q203=-10 ;SURFACE COORDINATE Q204=20 ;2ND SET-UP CLEARANCE

Q211=0.2 ;DWELL TIME AT DEPTH 5 CYCL CALL 6 L Z+200 R0 FMAX M2 7 END PGM $MDI MM

Call tool: tool axis Z Spindle speed 1860 rpm Retract tool (F MAX = rapid traverse) Move the tool at F MAX to a position above the

hole, Spindle on Define DRILLING cycle Set-up clearance of the tool above the hole Total hole depth (algebraic sign=working direction) Feed rate for drilling Depth of each infeed before retraction Dwell time after every retraction in seconds Coordinate of the workpiece surface Set-up clearance of the tool above the hole Dwell time in seconds at the hole bottom Call DRILLING cycle Retract the tool End of program

Straight line function L, (See “Straight line L” on page 151) DRILLING cycle. (See “DRILLING (Cycle 200)” on page 217).

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 67

3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations

Example 2: Correcting workpiece misalignment on machines with rotary tables

Use the 3-D touch probe to rotate the coordinate system. See “Touch Probe Cycles in the Manual and Electronic Handwheel Operating Modes,” section “Compensating workpiece misalignment,” in the Touch Probe Cycles User’s Manual.

Write down the rotation angle and cancel the basic rotation.

Select operating mode: Positioning with MDI.

Select the axis of the rotary table, enter the rotation angle you wrote down previously and set the feed rate. For example: L C+2.561 F50

Conclude entry.

Press the machine START button: The rotation of the table corrects the misalignment.

3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations

68 3 Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)

Protecting and erasing programs in $MDI

The $MDI file is generally intended for short programs that are only needed temporarily. Nevertheless, you can store a program, if necessary, by proceeding as described below:

Select the Programming and Editing mode of operation.

To call the file manager, press the PGM MGT key (program management).

Move the highlight to the $MDI file.

To select the file copying function, press the COPY soft key.

TARGET FILE =

BOREHOLE

For more information, See “Copying a single file,” page 85.

Enter the name under which you want to save the current contents of the $MDI file.

Copy the file.

To close the file manager, press the END soft key.

3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 69

Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

4.1 Fundamentals

Position encoders and reference marks

The machine axes are equipped with position encoders that register the positions of the machine table or tool. Linear axes are usually equipped with linear encoders, rotary tables and tilting axes with angle encoders.

When a machine axis moves, the corresponding position encoder generates an electrical signal. The TNC evaluates this signal and calculates the precise actual position of the machine axis.

4.1 Fundamentals

If there is a power interruption, the calculated position will no longer correspond to the actual position of the machine slide. To recover this association, incremental position encoders are provided with reference marks. The scales of the position encoders contain one or more reference marks that transmit a signal to the TNC when they are crossed over. From that signal the TNC can re-establish the assignment of displayed positions to machine positions. For linear encoders with distance-coded reference marks the machine axes need to move by no more than 20 mm, for angle encoders by no more than 20°.

With absolute encoders, an absolute position value is transmitted to the control immediately upon switch-on. In this way the assignment of the actual position to the machine slide position is re-established directly after switch-on.

X (Z,Y)

Reference system

A reference system is required to define positions in a plane or in space. The position data are always referenced to a predetermined point and are described through coordinates.

The Cartesian coordinate system (a rectangular coordinate system) is based on the three coordinate axes X, Y and Z. The axes are mutually perpendicular and intersect at one point called the datum. A coordinate identifies the distance from the datum in one of these directions. A position in a plane is thus described through two coordinates, and a position in space through three coordinates.

Coordinates that are referenced to the datum are referred to as absolute coordinates. Relative coordinates are referenced to any other known position (reference point) you define within the coordinate system. Relative coordinate values are also referred to as incremental coordinate values.

72 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

Reference system on milling machines

When using a milling machine, you orient tool movements to the Cartesian coordinate system. The illustration at right shows how the Cartesian coordinate system describes the machine axes. The figure illustrates the right-hand rule for remembering the three axis directions: the middle finger points in the positive direction of the tool axis from the workpiece toward the tool (the Z axis), the thumb points in the positive X direction, and the index finger in the positive Y direction.

The TNC can control up to 5 axes optionally. The axes U, V and W (which are not presently supported by the TNC 320) are secondary linear axes parallel to the main axes X, Y and Z, respectively. Rotary axes are designated as A, B and C. The illustration at lower right shows the assignment of secondary axes and rotary axes to the main axes.

Designation of the axes on milling machines

The X, Y and Z axes on your milling machine are also referred to as tool axis, principal axis (1st axis) and minor axis (2nd axis). The assignment of the tool axis is decisive for the assignment of the principal and minor axes.

Tool axis Principal axis Minor axis

XYZ

YZX

4.1 Fundamentals

W+

ZXY

V+

B+

C+

A+

U+

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 73

Polar coordinates

If the production drawing is dimensioned in Cartesian coordinates, you also write the part program using Cartesian coordinates. For parts containing circular arcs or angles it is often simpler to give the dimensions in polar coordinates.

While the Cartesian coordinates X, Y and Z are three-dimensional and can describe points in space, polar coordinates are two-dimensional and describe points in a plane. Polar coordinates have their datum at a circle center (CC), or pole. A position in a plane can be clearly defined by the:

 Polar Radius, the distance from the circle center CC to the position,

4.1 Fundamentals

and the

 Polar Angle, the value of the angle between the reference axis and

the line that connects the circle center CC with the position.

Setting the pole and the angle reference axis

The pole is set by entering two Cartesian coordinates in one of the three planes. These coordinates also set the reference axis for the polar angle PA.

0°

Coordinates of the pole (plane)

X/Y +X

Y/Z +Y

Z/X +Z

Reference axis for the angle

74 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

Absolute and incremental workpiece positions

Absolute workpiece positions

Absolute coordinates are position coordinates that are referenced to the datum of the coordinate system (origin). Each position on the workpiece is uniquely defined by its absolute coordinates.

Example 1: Holes dimensioned in absolute coordinates

Hole 1 Hole 2 Hole 3 X = 10 mm X = 30 mm X = 50 mm Y = 10 mm Y = 20 mm Y = 30 mm

4.1 Fundamentals

Incremental workpiece positions

Incremental coordinates are referenced to the last programmed nominal position of the tool, which serves as the relative (imaginary) datum. When you write a part program in incremental coordinates, you thus program the tool to move by the distance between the previous and the subsequent nominal positions. Incremental coordinates are therefore also referred to as chain dimensions.

To program a position in incremental coordinates, enter the prefix “I” before the axis.

Example 2: Holes dimensioned in incremental coordinates Absolute coordinates of hole 4 X = 10 mm

Y = 10 mm Hole 5, relative to 4 Hole 6, relative to 5

X = 20 mm X = 20 mm Y = 10 mm Y = 10 mm

Absolute and incremental polar coordinates

Absolute polar coordinates always refer to the pole and the reference axis.

Incremental polar coordinates always refer to the last programmed nominal position of the tool.

10 20 30

1 1

+IPR

0°

+IPA

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 75

Setting the datum

A production drawing identifies a certain form element of the workpiece, usually a corner, as the absolute datum. When setting the datum, you first align the workpiece along the machine axes, and then move the tool in each axis to a defined position relative to the workpiece. Set the display of the TNC either to zero or to a known position value for each position. This establishes the reference system for the workpiece, which will be used for the TNC display and your part program.

If the production drawing is dimensioned in relative coordinates, simply use the coordinate transformation cycles (See “Coordinate

4.1 Fundamentals

Transformation Cycles” on page 334). If the production drawing is not dimensioned for NC, set the datum at

a position or corner on the workpiece which is suitable for deducing the dimensions of the remaining workpiece positions.

The fastest, easiest and most accurate way of setting the datum is by using a 3-D touch probe from HEIDENHAIN. See “Setting the Datum with a 3-D Touch Probe” in the Touch Probe Cycles User’s Manual.

Example

The workpiece drawing at right shows holes (1 to 4) whose dimensions are shown with respect to an absolute datum with the coordinates X=0, Y=0. Holes 5 to 7 are dimensioned with respect to a relative datum with the absolute coordinates X=450, Y=750. With the DATUM SHIFT cycle you can temporarily set the datum to the position X=450, Y=750, to be able to program holes 5 to 7 without further calculations.

750

320

MAX

MIN

150

6 5

-150

0,1 ±

300

3 4

325

450 900

950

76 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

4.2 File Management: Fundamentals

Files

Files in the TNC Ty p e Programs

In HEIDENHAIN format In DIN/ISO format

.H .I

Tables for

Tools Tool changers Datums Presets Touch probes Backup files

Texts as

ASCII files Log files

When you write a part program on the TNC, you must first enter a file name. The TNC saves the program as a file with the same name. The TNC can also save texts and tables as files.

The TNC provides a special file management window in which you can easily find and manage your files. Here you can call, copy, rename and erase files.

With the TNC you can manage and save files up to a total size of 300 MB.

Depending on the setting, the TNC generates a backup file (*.bak) after editing and saving of NC programs. This can reduce the memory space available to you.

.T .TCH .D .PR .TP .BAK

.A .TXT

4.2 File Management: Fundamentals

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 77

File names

When you store programs, tables and texts as files, the TNC adds an extension to the file name, separated by a point. This extension indicates the file type.

PROG20 .H File name File type

File names should not exceed 25 characters, otherwise the TNC cannot display the entire file name. The following characters are not permitted in file names:

! “ ’ ( ) * + / ; < = > ? [ ] ^ ` { | } ~

The space (HEX 20) and delete (HEX 7F) characters are not permitted in file names, either.

The maximum limit for the path and file name together is 256 characters (See “Paths” on page 80).

4.2 File Management: Fundamentals

78 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

Screen keypad

You can enter letters and special characters with the screen keypad or (if available) with a PC keyboard connected over the USB port.

Enter the text with the screen keypad

 Press the GOTO key if you want to enter a text, for example a

program name or directory name, using the screen keypad

 The TNC opens a window in which the numeric entry field of the

TNC is displayed with the corresponding letters assigned

 You can move the cursor to the desired character by repeatedly

pressing the respective key

 Wait until the selected character is transferred to the entry field

before you enter the next character

 Use the OK soft key to load the text into the open dialog field

Use the abc/ABC soft key to select upper or lower case. If your machine tool builder has defined additional special characters, you can call them with the SPECIAL CHARACTER soft key and insert them. To delete individual characters, use the Backspace soft key.

Data backup

We recommend saving newly written programs and files on a PC at regular intervals.

HEIDENHAIN provides a backup function for this purpose in the data transfer software TNCremoNT. Your machine tool builder can provide you with a copy of TNCBACK.EXE.

You additionally need a data medium on which all machine-specific data, such as the PLC program, machine parameters, etc., are stored. Please contact your machine tool builder for more information on both the backup program and the floppy disk.

4.2 File Management: Fundamentals

Take the time occasionally to delete any unneeded files so that the TNC always has enough memory space for system files (such as the tool table) .

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 79

4.3 Working with the File Manager

Directories

If you save many programs in the TNC, we recommend that you save your files in directories (folders) so that you can easily find your data. You can divide a directory into further directories, which are called subdirectories. With the –/+ key or ENT you can show or hide the subdirectories.

Paths

A path indicates the drive and all directories and subdirectories under which a file is saved. The individual names are separated by a backslash “\”.

Example

The directory AUFTR1 was created on the TNC:\ drive. Then, in the AUFTR1 directory, the directory NCPROG was created and the part

program PROG1.H was copied into it. The part program now has the following path:

TNC:\AUFTR1\NCPROG\PROG1.H

4.3 Working with the File Manager

The chart at right illustrates an example of a directory display with different paths.

TNC:\

AUFTR1

NCPROG

WZTAB

A35K941

ZYLM

TESTPROG HUBER

KAR25T

80 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

Overview: Functions of the file manager

Function Soft key

Copying a file

Display a specific file type

Display the last 10 files that were selected

Delete a file or directory

Mark a file

Rename a file

Manage network drives

Select the editor

Protect a file against editing and erasure

Cancel file protection

Create new file

Sort files by properties

Copy a directory

Delete directory with all its subdirectories

Display all the directories of a particular drive

Rename directory

Create a new directory

4.3 Working with the File Manager

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 81

Calling the file manager

Press the PGM MGT key: the TNC displays the file management window (Figure at right shows the factory default setting. If the TNC displays a different screen layout, press the WINDOW soft key.)

The narrow window on the left shows the available drives and directories. Drives designate devices with which data are stored or transferred. One drive is the internal memory of the TNC. Other drives are the RS232, RS422, Ethernet and USB interfaces, which you can used, for example, to connect a personal computer or other storage device. A directory is always identified by a folder symbol to the left and the directory name to the right. A subdirectory is displayed to the right of and below its parent directory. A box with the + symbol in front of the folder symbol indicates that there are further subdirectories, which can be shown with the –/+ key or ENT.

The wide window on the right shows you all files that are stored in the selected directory. Each file is shown with additional information, illustrated in the table below.

Column Meaning

4.3 Working with the File Manager

FILE NAME Name with an extension, separated by a dot

(file type)

BYTE File size in bytes

STATUS

DATE Date on which file was last changed

TIME Time at which file was last changed

82 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

File properties:

Program is selected in the Programming mode of operation.

Program is selected in the Test Run mode of operation.

Program is selected in a Program Run mode of operation.

File is protected against editing and erasure.

Selecting drives, directories and files

Call the file manager

With the arrow keys or the soft keys, you can move the highlight to the desired position on the screen:

Moves the highlight from the left to the right window, and vice versa.

Moves the highlight up and down within a window.

Moves the highlight one page up or down within a window.

Step 1: Select drive

Move the highlight to the desired drive in the left window:

4.3 Working with the File Manager

Select a drive: Press the SELECT soft key or the ENT

Step 2: Select a directory

Move the highlight to the desired directory in the left-hand window— the right-hand window automatically shows all files stored in the highlighted directory.

key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 83

Step 3: Select a file

Press the SELECT TYPE soft key.

Press the soft key for the desired file type, or

Press the SHOW ALL soft key to display all files, or

Move the highlight to the desired file in the right window

The selected file is opened in the operating mode from which you have called the File Manager: Press

Creating a new directory

4.3 Working with the File Manager

Move the highlight in the left window to the directory in which you want to create a subdirectory.

the SELECT soft key or the ENT key.

NEW

DIRECTORY NAME?

84 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

Enter the new file name, and confirm with ENT.

Press the OK soft key to confirm, or

abort with the CANCEL soft key.

Copying a single file

 Move the highlight to the file you wish to copy.

 Press the COPY soft key to select the copy function.

The TNC opens a pop-up window

 Enter the name of the destination file and confirm your

entry with the ENT key or OK soft key: The TNC copies the file to the active directory or to the corresponding destination directory. The original file is retained.

Copying a directory

Move the highlight in the left window onto the directory you want to copy. Then press the COPY DIR soft key instead of the COPY soft key. Subdirectories can be copied by the TNC at the same time.

Making a setting in a selection box

In various dialogs, the TNC opens a pop-up window in which you can make settings in selection boxes.

 Move the cursor into the desired selection box and press the GOTO

key

 Use the arrow keys to position the cursor to the required setting  With the OK soft key you confirm the value, and with the CANCEL

soft key you discard the selection

4.3 Working with the File Manager

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 85

Choosing one of the last 10 files selected

Call the file manager

Display the last 10 files selected: Press the LAST FILES soft key.

Use the arrow keys to move the highlight to the file you wish to select:

Moves the highlight up and down within a window.

Select a file: Press the OK soft key or ENT

4.3 Working with the File Manager

Deleting a file

 Move the highlight to the file you want to delete

 To select the erasing function, press the DELETE soft

key.

 To confirm, press the OK soft key or  To cancel deletion, press the CANCEL soft key

Deleting a directory

 Delete all files and subdirectories stored in the directory that you

want to delete

 Move the highlight to the directory you want to delete.

 To select the erasing function, press the DELETE ALL

soft key. The TNC asks whether you really want to erase the subdirectories and files.

 To confirm, press the OK soft key or  To cancel deletion, press the CANCEL soft key

86 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

Marking files

Tagging functions Soft key

Tag a single file

Tag all files in the directory

Untag a single file

Untag all files

Some functions, such as copying or erasing files, can not only be used for individual files, but also for several files at once. To tag several files, proceed as follows:

Move the highlight to the first file.

To display the tagging functions, press the TAG soft key.

Tag a file by pressing the TAG FILE soft key.

Move the highlight to the next file you wish to mark:

To tag more files, press the TAG FILE soft key.

To copy the marked files, with the back soft key, leave the TAG function

To copy the marked files, select the COPY soft key

To delete the marked files, press the back soft key to exit the marking function and then press the DELETE soft key

4.3 Working with the File Manager

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 87

Renaming a file

 Move the highlight to the file you wish to rename.

 Select the renaming function.  Enter the new file name; the file type cannot be

changed.

 To rename: Press the OK soft key or the ENT key

File sorting

 Select the folder in which you wish to sort the files

 Select the SORT soft-key  Select the soft key with the corresponding display

criterion

Additional functions

Protecting a file / Canceling file protection

 Move the highlight to the file you want to protect.

 To select the additional functions, press the MORE

4.3 Working with the File Manager

FUNCTIONS soft key.

 To enable file protection, press the PROTECT soft

key. The file is distinguished by a symbol.

 To cancel file protection, proceed in the same way

using the UNPROTECT soft key.

Select the editor

 Move the highlight in the right window onto the file you want to

open.

 To select the additional functions, press the MORE

FUNCTIONS soft key.

 To select the editor with which to open the selected

file, press the SELECT EDITOR soft key.

 Mark the desired editor.  Press the OK soft key to open the file.

Activate or deactivate USB devices.

 To select the additional functions, press the MORE

FUNCTIONS soft key.

 Shift the soft-key row.  Select the soft key for activating or deactivating.

88 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

Data transfer to or from an external data medium

You might have to set up the data interface before you can transfer data to an external data medium (See “Setting the Data Interfaces” on page 475).

Depending on the data transfer software you use, problems can occur occasionally when you transmit data over a serial interface. They can be overcome by repeating the transmission.

Call the file manager

Select the screen layout for data transfer: press the WINDOW soft key. Select the desired directory in both halves of the screen. In the left half of the screen the TNC shows, for example, all files saved on its hard disk. In the right half of the screen it shows all files saved on the external data medium. Use the SHOW FILES and SHOW TREE soft keys to switch between the folder view and file view.

4.3 Working with the File Manager

Use the arrow keys to highlight the file(s) that you want to transfer:

Moves the highlight up and down within a window.

Moves the highlight from the left to the right window, and vice versa.

If you wish to copy from the TNC to the external data medium, move the highlight in the left window to the file to be transferred.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 89

To transfer a single file, position the highlight on the desired file, or

To transfer several files: Press the TAG soft key (in the second soft-key row, See “Marking files,” page

87) and mark the corresponding files. With the back

soft key, exit the TAG function again.

Press the COPY soft key

Confirm with the OK soft key or with the ENT key. For long programs, a status window appears on the TNC informing you of the copying progress.

To end data transfer, move the highlight into the left window and then press the WINDOW soft key. The standard file manager window is displayed again.

4.3 Working with the File Manager

To select another directory in the split-screen display, press the SHOW TREE soft key. If you press the SHOW FILES soft key, the TNC shows the content of the selected directory!

90 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

Copying files into another directory

 Select a screen layout with two equally sized windows.  To display directories in both windows, press the SHOW TREE soft

key.

In the right window

 Move the highlight to the directory to copy the files to and display

the files in this directory with the SHOW FILES soft key.

In the left window

 Select the directory with the files to copy and press the SHOW

FILES soft key to display them.

 Call the file tagging functions.

 Move the highlight to the files to be copied and mark

them. You can tag several files in this way, if desired.

 Copy the tagged files into the target directory.

Additional marking functions: See “Marking files,” page 87. If you have tagged files in both the left and right windows, the TNC

copies from the directory in which the highlight is located.

Overwriting files

If you copy files into a directory in which other files are stored under the same name, the TNC will reply with a “protected file” error message. Use the TAG function to overwrite the file anyway:

 To overwrite two or more files, mark them in the "existing files" pop-

up window and press the OK soft key

 To leave the files as they are, press the CANCEL soft key

4.3 Working with the File Manager

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 91

The TNC in a network

To connect the Ethernet card to your network, See “Ethernet Interface,” page 480.

The TNC logs error messages during network operation (See “Ethernet Interface” on page 480).

If the TNC is connected to a network, it also displays the connected network drives in the directory window (left half of the screen). All the functions described above (selecting a drive, copying files, etc.) also apply to network drives, provided that you have been granted the corresponding rights.

Connecting and disconnecting a network drive

 To select the program management: Press the PGM

MGT key. If necessary, press the WINDOW soft key to set up the screen as it is shown at the upper right.

 To manage the network drives: Press the NETWORK

soft key (second soft-key row). In the right-hand window the TNC shows the network drives available for access. With the soft keys described below you can define the connection for each drive.

4.3 Working with the File Manager

Function Soft key

Establish the network connection. If the connection is active, the TNC marks the Mnt column.

Delete network connection.

Automatically establish network connection whenever the TNC is switched on. The TNC marks the Auto column if the connection is established automatically

Use the PING function to test your network connection

If you press the NETWORK INFO soft key, the TNC displays the current network settings

92 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

USB devices on the TNC

Backing up data from or loading onto the TNC is especially easy with USB devices. The TNC supports the following USB block devices:

 Floppy disk drives with FAT/VFAT file system  Memory sticks with the FAT/VFAT file system  Hard disks with the FAT/VFAT file system  CD-ROM drives with the Joliet (ISO 9660) file system

The TNC automatically detects these types of USB devices when connected. The TNC does not support USB devices with other file systems (such as NTFS). After connection, the TNC displays an error message.

The TNC also displays an error message if you connect a USB hub. In this case simply acknowledge the message with the CE key.

In theory, you should be able to connect all USB devices with the file systems mentioned above to the TNC. If problems occur nevertheless, please contact HEIDENHAIN.

The USB devices appear as separate drives in the directory tree, so you can use the file-management functions described in the earlier chapters correspondingly.

In order to remove a USB device, you must proceed as follows:

 Press the PGM MGT soft key to call the file manager.

 Select the left window with the arrow key.

 Use the arrow keys to select the USB device to be

removed.

 Scroll through the soft-key row.

 Select additional functions.

 Select the function for removing USB devices: The

TNC removes the USB device from the directory tree

 Exit the file manager.

In order to re-establish a connection with a USB device that has been removed, press the following soft key:

 Select the function for reconnection of USB devices.

4.3 Working with the File Manager

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 93

4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

Organization of an NC program in HEIDENHAIN conversational format

A part program consists of a series of program blocks. The figure at right illustrates the elements of a block.

The TNC numbers the blocks in ascending sequence. The first block of a program is identified by BEGIN PGM, the program

name and the active unit of measure. The subsequent blocks contain information on:

 The workpiece blank  Tool definitions, tool calls  Approaching a safe position  Feed rates and spindle speeds, as well as  Path contours, cycles and other functions

The last block of a program is identified by END PGM, the program name and the active unit of measure.

Block

10 L X+10 Y+5 R0 F100 M3

Path function

Block number

Words

4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

After each tool call, HEIDENHAIN recommends always traversing to a safe position, from which the TNC can position the tool for machining without causing a collision!

Define the blank: BLK FORM

After initiating a new program, you define a cuboid workpiece blank. To define the workpiece blank, press the SPEC FCT soft key and then the BLK FORM soft key. This definition is needed for the TNC’s graphic simulation feature. The sides of the workpiece blank lie parallel to the X, Y and Z axes and can be up to 100 000 mm long. The blank form is defined by two of its corner points:

 MIN point: the smallest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank form,

entered as absolute values.

 MAX point: the largest X, Y and Z coordinates of the blank form,

entered as absolute or incremental values.

You only need to define the blank form if you wish to run a graphic test for the program!

94 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

Creating a new part program

You always enter a part program in the Programming mode of operation. An example of program initiation:

Select the Programming mode of operation.

Press the PGM MGT key to call the file manager.

Select the directory in which you wish to store the new program:

FILE NAME = 123.H

Enter the new program name and confirm your entry with the ENT key.

To select the unit of measure, press the MM or INCH soft key. The TNC switches the screen layout and initiates the dialog for defining the BLK FORM.

WORKING SPINDLE AXIS X/Y/Z?

4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

Enter the spindle axis.

DEF BLK FORM: MIN CORNER?

Enter in sequence the X, Y and Z coordinates of the MIN point.

-40

DEF BLK FORM: MAX CORNER?

100

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 95

Enter in sequence the X, Y and Z coordinates of the MAX point.

Example: Display the BLK form in the NC program

0 BEGIN PGM NEW MM 1 BLK FORM 0.1 Z X+0 Y+0 Z-40 2 BLK FORM 0.2 X+100 Y+100 Z+0 3 END PGM NEW MM

The TNC automatically generates the block numbers as well as the BEGIN and END blocks.

If you do not wish to define a blank form, cancel the dialog at Working spindle axis X/Y/Z by pressing the DEL key!

The TNC can display the graphics only if the shortest side is at least 50 µm long and the longest side is no longer than 99 999.999 mm.

4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

Program begin, name, unit of measure Spindle axis, MIN point coordinates MAX point coordinates Program end, name, unit of measure

96 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

Programming tool movements in conversational

format

To program a block, initiate the dialog by pressing a function key. In the screen headline, the TNC then asks you for all the information necessary to program the desired function.

Example of a dialog

Dialog initiation

COORDINATES?

RADIUS COMP. RL/RR/NO COMP. ?

FEED RATE F=? / F MAX = ENT

MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION M?

The program-block window displays the following line:

3 L X+10 Y+5 R0 F100 M3

Enter the target coordinate for the X axis.

Enter the target coordinate for the Y axis, and go to the next question with ENT

Enter “No radius compensation” and go to the next question with ENT.

Enter a feed rate of 100 mm/min for this path contour; go to the next question with ENT.

Enter the miscellaneous function M3 “spindle ON.” Pressing the ENT key terminates this dialog.

4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 97

Possible feed rate input

Functions for setting the feed rate Soft key

Rapid traverse

Traverse feed rate automatically calculated in

TOOL CALL

Move at the programmed feed rate (unit of measure is mm/min)

Functions for conversational guidance Key

Ignore the dialog question

End the dialog immediately

Abort the dialog and erase the block

Actual position capture

4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

The TNC enables you to transfer the current tool position into the program, for example during

 Positioning-block programming  Cycle programming, and  Tool definition with TOOL DEF.

To transfer the correct position values, proceed as follows:

 Place the input box at the position in the block where you want to

insert a position value.

 Select the actual-position-capture function: In the soft-

key row the TNC displays the axes whose positions can be transferred.

 Select the axis: The TNC writes the current position of

the selected axis into the active input box.

In the working plane the TNC always captures the coordinates of the tool center, even though tool radius compensation is active.

In the tool axis the TNC always captures the coordinates of the tool tip and thus always takes the active tool length compensation into account.

The actual-position-capture function is not allowed if the tilted working plane function is active.

98 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

Editing a program

You cannot save a program while it is being run by the TNC in a machine operating mode. The TNC allows you to edit the program, but it does not save the changes and responds instead with an error message. If you wish, you can save changes under another file name.

While you are creating or editing a part program, you can select any desired line in the program or individual words in a block with the arrow keys or the soft keys:

Function Soft key/key

Go to previous page

Go to next page

Go to beginning of program

Go to end of program

Change the position of the current block on the screen: Press this soft key to display additional program blocks that are programmed before the current block.

4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

Change the position of the current block on the screen: Press this soft key to display additional program blocks that are programmed after the current block.

Move from one block to the next

Select individual words in a block

To select a certain block, press the GOTO key, enter the desired block number, and confirm with the ENT key.

HEIDENHAIN TNC 320 99

Function Soft key/key

Set the selected word to zero

Erase an incorrect number

Clear a (non-blinking) error message

Delete the selected word

Delete the selected block

Erase cycles and program sections

Deleting individual characters

Insert the block that was last edited or deleted.

4.4 Creating and Writing Programs

Inserting blocks at any desired location

 Select the block after which you want to insert a new block and

initiate the dialog.

Editing and inserting words

 Select a word in a block and overwrite it with the new one. The plain-

language dialog is available while the word is highlighted.

 To accept the change, press the END key.

If you want to insert a word, press the horizontal arrow key repeatedly until the desired dialog appears. You can then enter the desired value.

100 4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

heidenhain TNC 320 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

TNC Model, Software and Features

Feature content level (upgrade functions)

Intended place of operation

New Functions with 340 55x-03

1 Introduction ..... 29

2 Manual Operation and Setup ..... 43

3 Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI) ..... 65

4 Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids ..... 71

5 Programming: Tools ..... 117

6 Programming: Programming Contours ..... 137

7 Programming: Miscellaneous Functions ..... 187

8 Programming: Cycles ..... 207

9 Programming: Subprograms and Program Section Repeats ..... 361

10 Programming: Q-Parameters ..... 377

11 Test Run and Program Run ..... 447

12 MOD Functions ..... 467

13 Tables and Overviews ..... 485

Introduction

1.1 The TNC 320

Programming: HEIDENHAIN conversational format

Compatibility

Visual display unit

1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard

Sets the screen layout

Operating panel

Manual operation and electronic handwheel

Positioning with Manual Data Input

1.3 Operating Modes

Programming and Editing

Test Run

Program Run, Full Sequence and Program Run, Single Block

“General” status display

1.4 Status Displays

Additional status displays

3-D touch probes

1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels

TT 140 tool touch probe for tool measurement

HR electronic handwheels

Manual Operation and Setup

Switch-on

2.1 Switch-On, Switch-Off

Switch-off

Note

To traverse with the machine axis direction buttons

2.2 Moving the Machine Axes

Incremental jog positioning

Traversing with the HR 410 electronic handwheel

Function

Entering values

2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M

Changing the spindle speed and feed rate

Note

Preparation

2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe)

Datum setting with axis keys

Datum management with the preset table

Application, function

2.5 Tilting the Working Plane (Software Option 1)

Traversing the reference points in tilted axes

Position display in a tilted system

Limitations on working with the tilting function

Activating manual tilting

Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)

Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)

3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Machining Operations

Protecting and erasing programs in $MDI

Programming: Fundamentals of NC, File Management, Programming Aids

Position encoders and reference marks

4.1 Fundamentals

Reference system

Reference system on milling machines

Designation of the axes on milling machines

Polar coordinates

Absolute and incremental workpiece positions

Setting the datum

Files