Topcon BR-1 User Manual

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P O S I T I O N I N G S Y S T E M S

BR-1

Operator’s Manual

Part Number 7010-0796

Rev A

©Copyright Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc.

March, 2007

All contents in this manual are copyrighted by Topcon. All rights reserved. The information contained herein may not be used, accessed, copied, stored, displayed, sold, modified, published, or distributed, or otherwise reproduced without express written consent from Topcon.

Topcon only sells GPS products into Precision Markets. Please go to www.topcongps.com for detailed market information.

ECO#2978

TOC

Preface ..................................................................	v
Terms and Conditions ......................................................	v
Manual Conventions ........................................................	viii
Chapter 1
Introduction ..........................................................	1-1
Principles of Operation ....................................................	1-2
GNSS Overview ........................................................	1-2
Calculating Absolute Positions ...........................	1-3
Calculating Differential Positions ......................	1-4
Essential Components for Quality Surveying ....	1-5
Conclusion ..........................................................	1-5
Coastal Navigation Beacons DGPS Service .............	1-6
BR-1 Overview .........................................................	1-6
Getting Acquainted with the BR-1 ..................................	1-7
Rechargeable Battery ................................................	1-7
BR-1 MINTER ..........................................................	1-8
BR-1 Ports .................................................................	1-9
Carry Case and Belt .........................................................	1-10
System Cables ..................................................................	1-11
BR-1 Configuration Software ..........................................	1-11
Optional Accessories .......................................................	1-12
Chapter 2
Preparing the BR-1 for Use .................................	2-1
Powering the BR-1 ..........................................................	2-1
Charging the Battery .................................................	2-1
Charging and Battery Storage Notes .........................	2-3
Installing the Battery .................................................	2-4
Starting the BR-1 .............................................................	2-5

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Table of Contents

Installing BR-1 Control Center onto a Computer ............	2-5
Configuring the BR-1 .......................................................	2-6
Bluetooth Module Configuration .....................................	2-8
Chapter 3
Surveying with the BR-1 .....................................	3-1
BR-1 Surveying with the GMS-2 .....................................	3-2
BR-1 Surveying with an External GPS Receiver .............	3-3
Chapter 4
Troubleshooting ..................................................	4-1
Check This First! ..............................................................	4-1
Troubleshooting Quick List .............................................	4-2
Resetting the Beacon Receiver .........................................	4-2
Charging/Powering Problems ..........................................	4-2
BR-1 Problems .................................................................	4-3
Bluetooth Problems ..........................................................	4-3
Obtaining Technical Support ...........................................	4-4
Phone .........................................................................	4-4
E-mail ........................................................................	4-4
Website ......................................................................	4-5
Appendix A
BR-1 Control Center Software Reference ..........	A-1
General Settings ...............................................................	A-4
Connecting to BR-1 Control Center .................................	A-5
Setting up the Ports ..........................................................	A-6
Setting up Channels ..........................................................	A-7
Setting up the Almanac ....................................................	A-9
Power Board Parameters and Led Parameters .................	A-10
Spectrum Analyzer ...........................................................	A-11
Appendix B
Specifications ......................................................	B-1
BR-1 Specifications ..........................................................	B-1
General Details ..........................................................	B-1
Connector Specifications ..................................................	B-3
Serial Connector ........................................................	B-3

BR-1 Operator’s Manual

	Table of Contents
Appendix C
Safety Warnings ...................................................	C-1
General Warnings ...........................................................	C-1
Battery Pack Warnings ..................................................	C-1
Usage Warnings ..............................................................	C-2
Appendix D
Regulatory Information ........................................	D-1
FCC Compliance .............................................................	D-1
Canadian Emission Labeling Requirements ....................	D-2
Community of Europe Compliance .................................	D-2
WEEE Directive ..............................................................	D-3
Appendix E
Warranty Terms ....................................................	E-1

Index

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Table of Contents

Notes:

BR-1 Operator’s Manual

Preface

Thank you for purchasing this Topcon product. The materials available in this Manual (the “Manual”) have been prepared by Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. (“TPS”) for owners of Topcon products, and are designed to assist owners with the use of the receiver and its use is subject to these terms and conditions (the “Terms and Conditions”).

NOTICE Please read these Terms and Conditions carefully.

Terms and Conditions

USE This product is designed to be used by a professional. The user should have a good knowledge of the safe use of the product and implement the types of safety procedures recommended by the local government protection agency for both private use and commercial job sites.

COPYRIGHT All information contained in this Manual is the intellectual property of, and copyrighted material of TPS. All rights are reserved. You may not use, access, copy, store, display, create derivative works of, sell, modify, publish, distribute, or allow any third party access to, any graphics, content, information or data in this Manual without TPS’ express written consent and may only use such information for the care and operation of your receiver. The information and data in this Manual are a valuable asset of TPS and are developed by the expenditure of considerable work, time and money, and are the result of original selection, coordination and arrangement by TPS.

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Preface

TRADEMARKS GMS-2, GMS Tools, BTManager, TopSURV, TopPAD, HiPer, Topcon and Topcon Positioning Systems are trademarks or registered trademarks of TPS. Microsoft, Windows, ActiveSync, and the Windows logo are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. is used under license. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners.

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY EXCEPT FOR ANY WARRANTIES IN AN APPENDIX OR A WARRANTY CARD ACCOMPANYING THE PRODUCT, THIS MANUAL AND THE RECEIVER ARE PROVIDED “AS-IS.” THERE ARE NO OTHER WARRANTIES. TPS DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR USE OR PURPOSE. TPS AND ITS DISTRIBUTORS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR TECHNICAL OR EDITORIAL ERRORS OR OMISSIONS CONTAINED HEREIN; NOR FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE FURNISHING, PERFORMANCE OR USE OF THIS MATERIAL OR THE RECEIVER. SUCH DISCLAIMED DAMAGES INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF TIME, LOSS OR DESTRUCTION OF DATA, LOSS OF PROFIT, SAVINGS OR REVENUE, OR LOSS OF THE PRODUCT’S USE. IN ADDITION TPS IS NOT RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE FOR DAMAGES OR COSTS INCURRED IN CONNECTION WITH OBTAINING SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS OR SOFTWARE, CLAIMS BY OTHERS, INCONVENIENCE, OR ANY OTHER COSTS. IN ANY EVENT, TPS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES OR OTHERWISE TO YOU OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY IN EXCESS OF THE PURCHASE PRICE FOR THE RECEIVER.

LICENSE AGREEMENT Use of any computer programs or software supplied by TPS or downloaded from a TPS website (the “Software”) in connection with the receiver constitutes acceptance of these Terms and Conditions in this Manual and an agreement to abide by these Terms and Conditions. The user is granted a personal, non-exclusive,

BR-1 Operator’s Manual

Terms and Conditions

non-transferable license to use such Software under the terms stated herein and in any case only with a single receiver or single computer. You may not assign or transfer the Software or this license without the express written consent of TPS. This license is effective until terminated. You may terminate the license at any time by destroying the Software and Manual. TPS may terminate the license if you fail to comply with any of the Terms or Conditions. You agree to destroy the Software and manual upon termination of your use of the receiver. All ownership, copyright and other intellectual property rights in and to the Software belong to TPS. If these license terms are not acceptable, return any unused software and manual.

CONFIDENTIALITY This Manual, its contents and the Software (collectively, the “Confidential Information”) are the confidential and proprietary information of TPS. You agree to treat TPS’ Confidential Information with a degree of care no less stringent that the degree of care you would use in safeguarding your own most valuable trade secrets. Nothing in this paragraph shall restrict you from disclosing Confidential Information to your employees as may be necessary or appropriate to operate or care for the receiver. Such employees must also keep the Confidentiality Information confidential. In the event you become legally compelled to disclose any of the Confidential Information, you shall give TPS immediate notice so that it may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy.

WEBSITE; OTHER STATEMENTS No statement contained at the TPS website (or any other website) or in any other advertisements or TPS literature or made by an employee or independent contractor of TPS modifies these Terms and Conditions (including the Software license, warranty and limitation of liability).

SAFETY Improper use of the receiver can lead to injury to persons or property and/or malfunction of the product. The receiver should only be repaired by authorized TPS warranty service centers. Users should review and heed the safety warnings in an Appendix.

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Preface

MISCELLANEOUS The above Terms and Conditions may be amended, modified, superseded, or canceled, at any time by TPS. The above Terms and Conditions will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of California, without reference to conflict of laws.

Manual Conventions

This manual uses the following conventions:

Example Description

File Exit

Click the File menu and click Exit.

Connection Indicates the name of a dialog box or screen.

Frequency Indicates a field on a dialog box or screen, or a tab within a dialog box or screen.

Enter

Press or click the button or key labeled Enter.

NOTE

Further information to note about the configuration, maintenance, or setup of a system.

TIP

Supplementary information that can help you configure, maintain, or set up a system.

Supplementary information that can have an affect NOTICE on system operation, system performance,

measurements, or personal safety.

Notification that an action has the potential to

CAUTION adversely affect system operation, system performance, data integrity, or personal health.

viii

BR-1 Operator’s Manual

Manual Conventions

Notification that an action will result in system

damage, loss of data, loss of warranty, or personal

WARNING injury.

Under no circumstances should this action be

DANGER

performed.

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Preface

Notes:

BR-1 Operator’s Manual

Chapter 1

Introduction

The BR-1 is a receiver that detects radio beacon signals, and is built to be the most advanced, compact, and portable receiver for the GIS surveying market.

The BR-1 receiver is a single-function, single-purpose receiver intended for precision markets. Precision markets means markets for equipment, subsystems, components and software for surveying, construction, commercial mapping, civil engineering, precision agriculture and land-based construction and agriculture machine control, photogrammetry mapping, hydrographic and any use reasonably related to the foregoing.

When combined with the GMS-2, the BR-1 provides the functionality, accuracy, availability, and integrity needed for fast and easy data collection.

Figure 1-1. BR-1

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Introduction

Principles of Operation

Surveying with the right GPS receiver can provide users accurate and precise positioning, a requirement for any surveying project.

This section gives an overview of existing and proposed Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and receiver functions to help you understand and apply basic operating principles, allowing you to get the most out of your receiver. Also discussed are the principles behind surveying with Differential GPS, and using radio beacon signals as the source of corrections to locate unknown points.

GNSS Overview

Currently, the following three global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) offer line-of-site radio navigation and positioning, velocity, and time services on a global, all-weather, 24-hour scale to any user equipped with a GNSS tracking receiver on or near the Earth’s surface:

•GPS – the Global Positioning System maintained and operated by the United States Department of Defense. For information on the status of this system, visit the US Naval Observatory website (http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/) or the US Coast Guard website (http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/).

•GLONASS – the Global Navigation Satellite System maintained and operated by the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense. For information on the status of this system, visit the Ministry of Defense website (http://www.glonass-center.ru/frame_e.html).

•GALILEO – an upcoming global positioning system maintained and operated by Galileo Industries, a joint venture of several European space agencies working closely with the European Space Agency. Unlike GPS and GLONASS, this is a civil endeavor and is currently in the development and validation stage. For information on the status of this system, visit the Galileo Industries website (http://www.galileo-industries.net).

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Principles of Operation

Despite numerous technical differences in the implementation of these systems, satellite positioning systems have three essential components:

•Space – GPS, GLONASS, and GALILEO satellites orbit approximately 12,000 nautical miles above Earth and are equipped with a clock and radio. These satellites broadcast digital information (ephemerides, almanacs, time&frequency corrections, etc.).

•Control – Ground stations located around the Earth that monitor the satellites and upload data, including clock corrections and new ephemerides (satellite positions as a function of time), to ensure the satellites transmit data properly.

•User – The community and military that use GNSS receivers and the corresponding satellites to calculate positions.

Calculating Absolute Positions

When calculating an absolute position, a stationary or moving receiver determines its three-dimensional position with respect to the origin of an Earth-Center Earth-Fixed coordinate system. To calculate this position, the receiver measures the distance (called pseudoranges) between it and at least four satellites. The measured pseudoranges are corrected for clock differences (receiver and satellites) and signal propagation delays due to atmospheric effects. The positions of the satellites are computed from the ephemeris data transmitted to the receiver in navigation messages. When using a single satellite system, the minimum number of satellites needed to compute a position is four. In a mixed satellite scenario (GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO), the receiver must lock onto at least five satellites to obtain an absolute position.

To provide fault tolerance using only GPS or only GLONASS, the receiver must lock onto a fifth satellite. Six satellites will provide fault tolerance in mixed scenarios.

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Introduction

Calculating Differential Positions

DGPS, or Differential GPS, typically uses the measurements from two or more remote receivers to calculate the difference (corrections) between measurements, thus providing more accurate position solutions.

With DGPS, one receiver is placed at a known, surveyed location and is referred to as the reference receiver or base station. Another receiver is placed at an unknown, location and is referred to as the remote receiver or rover. The reference station collects the range measurements from each GPS satellite in view and forms the differences (corrections) between the calculated distance to the satellites and the measured pseudo-ranges to the satellites.

These corrections are then built up to the industry standard (RTCM or various proprietary standards) established for transmitting differential corrections and broadcast to the remote receiver(s) using a data communication link. The remote receiver applies the transmitted DGPS corrections to its range measurements of the same satellites.

Using this technique, the spatially correlated errors—such as satellite orbital errors, ionospheric errors, and tropospheric errors—can be significantly reduced, thus improving the position solution accuracy of the GPS.

A number of differential positioning implementations exist, including post-processing surveying, real-time kinematic surveying, maritime radio beacons, geostationary satellites (as with the OmniSTAR service), and the wide area augmentation system (WAAS) service.

The real-time kinematic (RTK) method is the most precise method of real-time surveying. RTK requires at least two receivers collecting navigation data and communication data link between the receivers. One of the receivers is usually at a known location (Base) and the other is at an unknown location (Rover). The Base receiver collects carrier phase measurements, generates RTK corrections, and sends this data to the Rover receiver. The Rover processes this transmitted data with its own carrier phase observations to compute its relative position with high accuracy, achieving an RTK accuracy of up to 1 cm horizontal and 1.5 cm vertical.

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Principles of Operation

Essential Components for Quality Surveying

Achieving quality position results requires the following elements:

•Accuracy – The accuracy of a position primarily depends upon the satellite geometry (Geometric Dilution of Precision, or GDOP) and the measurement (ranging) errors.

–Differential positioning (DGPS and RTK) strongly mitigates atmospheric and orbital errors, and counteracts Selective Availability (SA) signals the US Department of Defense transmits with GPS signals.

–The more satellites in view, the stronger the signal, the lower the DOP number, the higher positioning accuracy.

•Availability – The availability of satellites affects the calculation of valid positions. The more visible satellites available, the more valid and accurate the position. Natural and man-made objects can block, interrupt, and distort signals, lowering the number of available satellites and adversely affecting signal reception.

•Integrity – Fault tolerance allows a position to have greater integrity, increasing accuracy. Several factors combine to provide fault tolerance, including:

–Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) detects faulty GPS and GLONASS satellites and removes them from the position calculation.

–Five or more visible satellites for only GPS or only GLONASS; six or more satellites for mixed scenarios.

–Wide Area Augmentation Systems (WAAS, EGNOS, etc.) creates and transmit, along with DGPS corrections, data integrity information (for example, satellite health warnings).

–Current ephemerides and almanacs.

Conclusion

This overview simply outlines the basics of satellite positioning. For more detailed information, visit the TPS website.

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Introduction

Coastal Navigation Beacons DGPS

Service

Throughout the world, a number of coastal radio beacon networks have been established to improve the accuracy of maritime navigation around harbors and critical waterways. These beacon networks provide correction information to GIS users with the proper equipment. Since beacon stations act as the known reference point, the repetitive set up, survey, and configuration of a base station has been eliminated. A beacon system provides ±3 meter accuracy

In the United States, the coastal navigation beacons are managed by the United States Coast Guard and provide differential correction service in coastal areas and much of the interior of the United States.

In other parts of the world, coastal navigation beacons modeled after the US Coast Guard system are available. Check with your local maritime authority to learn more about services available in your area. The Beacon system is provided free of charge in the United States.

•For detailed information on the coastal navigation beacon system in the United States, visit the US Coast Guard’s Navigation Center website (www.navcen.uscg.gov).

•For detailed information on the coastal navigation beacon system in other parts of the world, visit the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities website (http://www.iala-aism.org/web/index.html).

BR-1 Overview

The BR-1 is a 4-channel radio beacon receiver. Included in the system is beacon and Bluetooth. Bluetooth provides a connection with an external device such as GMS-2. This cable free connection allows for smart field work.

The Beacon receiver component of the BR-1 can receive the DGPS correction data from the Beacon reference station. The BR-1 searches and receives the beacon signal and automatically exports the correction data after the unit is powered on. Because the BR-1 has a 4-channel beacon receiver, it simultaneously receives up to 4 beacon

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Getting Acquainted with the BR-1

signals. The BR-1 then chooses the optimal beacon station, then exports the correction data from the station.

Getting Acquainted with the BR-1

The BR-1 is a beacon receiver. A serial port with Bluetooth® wireless technology provides communication paths with other devices.

The standard BR-1 package contains the following items:

•BR-1 beacon receiver with rechargeable battery

•Soft carry case and belt

•Unit-to-PC serial cable and power converter/adapter cable

•Configuration software and assorted documentation

For more details on accessories and options available for the BR-1, contact your local Topcon dealer.

Rechargeable Battery

The BR-1 comes equipped with a rechargeable battery (Figure 1-2) for powering the unit. The battery can be charged in the unit or in an optional battery charger.

NOTICE

The BR-1 cannot receive a Beacon signal while charging.

NOTICE

You may hear a high pitch sound while charging the battery. The sound does not cause a problem. Continue charging the battery.

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Introduction

The battery provides fifteen hours of operation, depending on the mode of the receiver.

Battery

Figure 1-2. GMS-2 Battery

BR-1 MINTER

The Minimum INTERface for the BR-1 turns on the receiver and has LEDs to monitor battery status and communication status.

•The power button turns the receiver on and off.

•The status LED indicates the status of the beacon signal:

–Green blink: receiving a beacon signal, where each blink indicates a detected beacon station.

–Red blink: searching for a beacon signal or no beacon signal detected.

•The power LED indicates the level of charge in the battery:

During Use	During Charge


– Green blink: battery has a full	– Fast blink: battery is
charge (more than 80%).	charging.
– Yellow blink: intermediate	– Solid Green: battery is
charge.	fully charged.
– Red blink: battery requires
charging (less than 20%).

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Getting Acquainted with the BR-1

•The Bluetooth LED indicates the level of activity at the Bluetooth wireless technology module:

–Blue blink: the module is on and a connection has been established.

–Slow Blue blink: waiting for a connection.

Power Button

Signal Status LED					Bluetooth Status LED
	Battery Status LED

Figure 1-3. BR-1 MINTER

BR-1 Ports

The BR-1 has the following two ports:

•Serial – used for communication between the internal beacon module (port A of the module) and an external device.

•Power – used to connect the BR-1 to an external power source. This port is used to charge the battery.

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Introduction

Power

Serial (port A)

Figure 1-4. BR-1 Ports

Carry Case and Belt

The carry case for the BR-1 has soft sides for comfort and is attached to an adjustable comfort-belt. The top of the case is clear for easy access to the MINTER. The case is waterproof.

Figure 1-5. BR-1 Carry Case and Belt

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