Texas instruments TI-82 Guidebook
TI-82
GRAPHING CALCULATOR
GUIDEBOOK
TI-GRAPH LINK, Calculator-Based Laboratory, CBL, CBL 2, Calculator-Based Ranger,
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Texas Instruments Incorporated.
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© 1993, 2000, 2001 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
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•
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
•
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to
•
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Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help.
•
Caution:
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Any changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly
Table of Contents
This manual describes how to use the TI.82 Graphing Calculator. Getting Started
gives a quick overview of its features. The first chapter gives general instructions
on operating the TI.82. Other chapters describe its interactive features. The
applications in Chapter 14 show how to use these features together.
Using this Guidebook Effectively
Glossary
Getting Started: Do This First!
TI.82 Menus
First Steps
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Entering a Calculation: Compound Interest
Defining a Function: Box with Lid
Defining a Table of Values
Zooming In on the Table
Changing the Viewing
Displaying and Tracing the Graph
Zooming In on the Graph
Finding the Calculated Maximum
Other Features
Chapter 1: Operating the TI.82
Turning the TI.82 On and Off
Setting the Display Contrast
The Display
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Entering Expressions and Instructions
TI.82 Edit Keys
Setting Modes
TI.82 Modes
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Variable Names
Storing and Recalling Variable Values
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Last Entry
Last Answer
TI.82 Menus
VARS
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and
Y-VARS
EOSé (Equation Operating System)
Error Conditions
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WINDOW
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viii
x
2
3
4
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-6
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-12
1-13
1-14
1-16
1-17
1-19
1-20
1-22
Introduction iii
Chapter 2: Math, Angle, and Test Operations
Getting Started: Lottery Chances
Keyboard Math Operations
MATH MATH
MATH NUM
MATH HYP
MATH PRB
ANGLE
TEST TEST
TEST LOGIC
Chapter 3: Function Graphing
Operations
(Number) Operations
(Hyperbolic) Operations
(Probability) Operations
Operations
(Relational) Operations
(Boolean) Operations
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Getting Started: Graphing a Circle
Defining a Graph
Setting Graph Modes
Defining Functions in the
Selecting Functions
Defining the Viewing
Setting
WINDOW FORMAT
Displaying a Graph
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Y=
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WINDOW
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Exploring a Graph with the Free-Moving Cursor
Exploring a Graph with
Exploring a Graph with
Using
ZOOM MEMORY
Setting
ZOOM FACTORS
Using
Chapter 4: Parametric Graphing
(Calculate) Operations
CALC
TRACE
ZOOM
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Getting Started: Path of a Ball
Defining and Displaying a Parametric Graph
Exploring a Parametric Graph
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List
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2-2
2-3
2-5
2-9
2-11
2-12
2-13
2-15
2-16
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-7
3-8
3-10
3-11
3-13
3-14
3-16
3-19
3-21
3-22
4-2
4-3
4-6
Chapter 5: Polar Graphing
Getting Started: Polar Rose
Defining and Displaying a Polar Graph
Exploring a Polar Graph
iv Introduction
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5-2
5-3
5-6
Chapter 6: Sequence Graphing
Getting Started: Forest and Trees
Defining and Displaying a Sequence Graph
Exploring a Sequence Graph
Chapter 7: Tables
Getting Started: Roots of a Function
Defining the Variables
Defining the Dependent Variable
Displaying the Table
Chapter 8: DRAW Operations
Getting Started: Shading a Graph
DRAW DRAW
Menu
Drawing Lines
Drawing Horizontal and Vertical Lines
Drawing Tangent Lines
Drawing Functions and Inverses
Shading Areas on a Graph
Drawing Circles
Placing Text on a Graph
Using
to Draw on a Graph
Pen
Drawing Points
Drawing Pixels
Storing and Recalling Graph Pictures
Storing and Recalling Graph Databases
Clearing a Drawing
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6-2
6-3
6-6
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
8-2
8-3
8-4
8-5
8-6
8-7
8-8
8-9
8-10
8-11
8-12
8-13
8-14
8-15
8-16
Chapter 9: Split Screen
Getting Started: Polynomial Coefficients
Using Split Screen
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Introduction v
9-2
9-3
Chapter 10: Matrices
Getting Started: Systems of Linear Equations
Defining a Matrix
Viewing Matrix Elements
Editing Matrix Elements
About Matrices
Matrix Math Functions
MATRIX MATH
Chapter 11: Lists
Getting Started: Generating Sequences
About Lists
LIST OPS
LIST MATH
Chapter 12: Statistics
Getting Started: Building Height and City Size
Setting Up a Statistical Analysis
Viewing List Elements
Editing List Elements
STAT EDIT
Statistical Analysis
Statistical Variables
Types of Statistical Analysis
Statistical Analysis in a Program
Statistical Plotting
Statistical Plotting in a Program
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Operations
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Operations
Operations
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Menu
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10-2
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-8
10-10
10-12
11-2
11-3
11-6
11-9
12-2
12-9
12-10
12-11
12-12
12-13
12-14
12-15
12-17
12-18
12-22
Chapter 13: Programming
Getting Started: Family of Curves
About Programs
Creating and Executing Programs
Editing Programs
PRGM CTL
PRGM I/O
Calling Other Programs
vi Introduction
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(Control) Instructions
(Input/Output) Instructions
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13-2
13-4
13-5
13-6
13-7
13-15
13-18
Chapter 14: Applications
Left-Brain, Right-Brain Test Results
Speeding Tickets
Buying a Car, Now or Later?
Graphing Inequalities
Solving a System of Nonlinear Equations
Program: Sierpinski Triangle
Cobweb Attractors
Program: Guess the Coefficients
The Unit Circle and Trigonometric Curves
Ferris Wheel Problem
Reservoir Problem
Predator-Prey Model
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Finding the Area between Curves
Chapter 15: Memory Management
Checking Available Memory
Deleting Items from Memory
Resetting the TI.82
Chapter 16: Communication Link
Getting Started: Sending Variables
TI.82
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LINK
Selecting Items to Send
Transmitting Items
Receiving Items
Backing Up Memory
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14-2
14-4
14-5
14-6
14-7
14-8
14-9
14-10
14-11
14-12
14-14
14-16
14-18
14-20
15-2
15-3
15-4
16-2
16-3
16-4
16-6
16-7
16-8
Appendix A: Tables
Tables of Functions and Instructions
Menu Map
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Table of System Variables
Appendix B: Reference Information
Battery Information
In Case of Difficulty
Accuracy Information
Error Conditions
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Service and Support Information
Warranty Information
Index
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Introduction vii
A-2
A-22
A-28
B-2
B-4
B-5
B-7
B-11
B-12
Using this Guidebook Effectively
The structure of the TI.82 guidebook and the design of its pages can help you
find the information you need quickly. Consistent presentation techniques are
used throughout to make the guidebook easy to use.
Structure of the Guidebook
The guidebook contains sections that teach you how to use the calculator.
¦
Getting Started is a fast-paced keystroke-by-keystroke introduction.
¦
Chapter 1 describes general operation and lays the foundation for
Chapters 2 through 13, which describe specific functional areas of the
TI.82. Each begins with a brief Getting Started introduction.
¦
Chapter 14 contains application examples that incorporate features
from different functional areas of the calculator. These examples can
help you see how different functional areas work together to
accomplish meaningful tasks.
¦
Chapter 15 describes memory management and Chapter 16 describes
the communications link.
Page-Design Conventions
When possible, units of information are presented on a single page or on
two facing pages. Several page-design elements help you find information
quickly.
¦
Page headings—The descriptive heading at the top of the page or twopage unit identifies the subject of the unit.
¦
General text—Just below the page heading, a short section of bold
text provides general information about the subject covered in the unit.
¦
Left-column subheadings—Each subheading identifies a specific
topic or task related to the page or unit subject.
¦
Specific text—The text to the right of a subheading presents detailed
information about that specific topic or task. The information may be
presented as paragraphs, numbered procedures, bulleted lists, or
illustrations.
¦
Page “footers”—The bottom of each page shows the chapter name,
chapter number, and page number.
viii Introduction
Information-Mapping Conventions
Several conventions are used to present information concisely and in an
easily referenced format.
¦
Numbered procedures—A procedure is a sequence of steps that
performs a task. In this guidebook, each step is numbered in the order
in which it is performed. No other text in the guidebook is numbered;
therefore, when you see numbered text, you know you must perform
the steps sequentially.
¦
“Bulleted” lists—If several items have equal importance, or if you
may choose one of several alternative actions, this guidebook precedes
each item with a “bullet” (
¦
Tables and charts—Sets of related information are presented in tables
or charts for quick reference.
¦
Keystroke Examples—The Getting Started examples provide
keystroke-by-keystroke instructions, as do examples identified with a
.
Reference Aids
Several techniques have been used to help you look up specific information
when you need it. These include:
¦
A chapter table of contents on the first page of each chapter, as well as
the full table of contents at the front of the guidebook.
¦
A glossary at the end of this section, defining important terms used
throughout the guidebook.
¦
An alphabetical table of functions and instructions in Appendix A,
showing their correct formats, how to access them, and page references
for more information.
¦
Information about system variables in Appendix A.
¦
A table of error messages in Appendix B, showing the messages and
their meanings, with problem-handling information.
¦
An alphabetical index at the back of the guidebook, listing tasks and
topics you may need to look up.
¦
) to highlight it—like this list.
Introduction ix
Glossary
v
v
This glossary provides definitions for important terms that are used throughout
this guidebook.
Expression
Function
Graph Database
Graph Picture
Home Screen
Instruction
List
Matrix
Menu Items
Pixel
Variable
An expression is a complete sequence of numbers, variables,
functions, and their arguments that can be evaluated to a single
answer.
A function, which may have arguments, returns a value and can
be used in an expression.
A function is also the expression entered in the
in graphing and
TABLE
.
editor used
Y=
A graph database is composed of the elements that define a
graph: functions in the
Y=
list,
MODE
settings, and
WINDOW
settings. They may be saved as a unit in a graph database to
recreate the graph later.
A picture is a saved image of a graph display, excluding cursor
coordinates, axis labels, tick marks, and prompts. It may be
superimposed on another graph.
The Home Screen is the primary screen of the TI.82, where
expressions can be entered and evaluated and instructions can
be entered and executed.
An instruction, which may have arguments, initiates an action.
Instructions are not valid in expressions.
A list is a set of values that the TI.82 can use for activities such
as graphing a family of curves, evaluating a function at multiple
alues, and entering statistical data.
A matrix is a two-dimensional array on which the TI.82 can
perform operations.
Menu items are shown on full-screen menus.
A pixel (picture element) is a square dot on the TI.82 display.
The TI.82 display is 96 pixels wide and 64 pixels high.
A variable is the name given to a location in memory in which a
alue, an expression, a list, a matrix, or another named item is
stored.
x Introduction
Getting Started: Do This First!
Getting Started contains two keystroke-by-keystroke examples, an interest rate
problem and a volume problem, that introduce you to some principal operating
and graphing features of the TI.82. You will learn to use the TI.82 much more
quickly by completing both of these examples first.
Contents
TI.82 Menus
First Steps
Entering a Calculation: Compound Interest
Defining a Function: Box with Lid
Defining a Table of Values
Zooming In on the Table
Changing the Viewing
Displaying and Tracing the Graph
Zooming In on the Graph
Finding the Calculated Maximum
Other Features
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WINDOW
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2
3
4
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
Getting Started 1
TI-82 Menus
A
A
To leave the keyboard uncluttered, the TI.82 uses full-screen menus to access
many additional operations. The use of specific menus is described in the
appropriate chapters.
Displaying a Menu
When you press a key that accesses a menu, such
as
screen where you are working.
usually are returned to the screen where you were.
Moving from One Menu to Another
names of the menus appear on the top line. The
current menu is highlighted and the items in that
menu are displayed.
Use ~ or | to display a different menu.
Selecting an Item from a Menu
The number of the current item is highlighted. If
there are more than seven items on the menu, a
appears on the last line in place of the : (colon).
To select from a menu:
¦
¦
Leaving without Making a Selection
To leave a menu without making a selection:
¦
¦
¦
, that menu screen temporarily replaces the
fter you make a selection from a menu, you
menu key may access more than one menu. The
Use † and } to move the cursor to the item
and then press
Í
.
Press the number of the item.
ä
ã
QUIT
Press y
‘
Press
to return to the Home screen.
to return to the screen where you
were.
Select another screen or menu.
$
2 Getting Started
First Steps
Before beginning these sample problems, follow the steps on this page to reset
the TI.82 to its factory settings. (Resetting the TI.82 erases all previously entered
data.) This ensures that following the keystrokes in this section produces the
illustrated actions.
1. Press É to turn the calculator on.
2. Press and release y and then press Ã.
(Pressing y accesses the operation printed in
blue to the left above the next key that you
press.
The
3. Press 3 to select
The
is the
MEM
MEMORY
RESET MEMORY
2nd
menu is displayed.
Reset...
operation of Ã.)
.
menu is displayed.
4. Press 2 to select
. The calculator is reset.
Reset
5. After a reset, the display contrast is also reset. If
the screen is very dark or blank, you need to
adjust the display contrast. Press y and then
press and hold † (to make the display lighter)
or } (to make the display darker). You can
‘
press
to clear the display.
Getting Started 3
Entering a Calculation: Compound Interest
Using trial and error, determine when an amount invested at 6% annual
compounded interest will double in value. The TI.82 displays up to 8 lines of 16
characters so you see an expression and its solution at the same time. You also
can store values to variables, enter multiple instructions on one line, and recall
previous entries.
1. Press
.06
¿
ƒ
Z (annual interest rate) to
store the interest rate.
ã
ä
2. Press y
:
to enter more than one instruction
on a line.
3. For the first guess, compute the amount
available at the end of 10 years. Enter
ƒ
(years).
Y
ä
ã
:
4. Press y
, then enter the expression to
10
calculate the total amount available after
years at Z interest just as you would write it. Use
1000 as the amount. Press
ƒ
Z
¤ ›
Y.
1000
¯ £ 1 Ã
The entire problem is shown in the first two
lines of the display.
5. Press
Í
to evaluate the expression.
The answer is shown on the right side of the
display. The cursor is positioned on the next
line, ready for you to enter the next expression.
6. To save keystrokes, you can use
Last Entry
recall the last expression entered and then edit
it for a new calculation. Press y, followed by
ä
ã
ENTRY
(above
Í
).
The last calculated expression is shown on the
next line of the display.
¿
Y
ƒ
to
4 Getting Started
7. The next guess should be greater than 10
years. Make the next guess 12 years. Press
to move the cursor over the
to change 10 to 12. Press
, and then type
0
Í
to evaluate the
}
2
expression.
8. To display answers in a format more
appropriate for calculations involving money,
press z to display the
MODE
screen.
9. Press † ~ ~ ~ to position the cursor over the
2 and then press
Í
. This changes the
display format to two fixed decimal places.
ä
ã
QUIT
10. Press y
(above z) to return to the
Home screen. The next guess should be less
ã
than, but close to, 12 years. Press y
ä
ã
y
1
. Press
INS
(above {)
Í
to evaluate the expression.
.9
to change 12 to
}
11.9
ENTRY
11. If the amount above is to be divided among
seven people, how much will each person get?
To divide the last calculated amount by seven,
press ¥
, followed by
7
As soon as you press ¥,
the beginning of the new expression.
Í
Ans
.
à
is displayed at
is a
Ans
variable that contains the last calculated
answer.
ä
Getting Started 5
Defining a Function: Box with Lid
v
Take a 200×250 mm. sheet of paper and cut X-by-X squares from two corners and
X-by-125 mm. rectangles from the other two corners. Now fold the paper into a
box with lid. What X would give the maximum volume V of a box made in this
way? Use tables and graphs to determine the solution.
Begin by defining a function that describes the
olume of the box.
From the diagram: 2X + A = W
2X + 2B = L
V = A B X
Substituting: V = (W – 2X) (L à 2 – X) X
1. Press z †
to
Float
2. Press y
Í
to change the
MODE
back
.
ä
ã
Quit
‘
to return to the Home
screen and clear it.
ä
ã
3. Press
ƒ
¿ ƒ
200
Í
L
W y
to store the width and length of
:
¿
250
the paper.
4. You define functions for tables and graphing on
the
edit screen. Press o to access this
Y=
screen.
5. Enter the function for volume as
ƒ
¤ „ Í
„
. (
X
pressing
The
sign is highlighted to show that
=
„ ¤ £ ƒ
¹ 2
W
to define function
lets you enter X quickly, without
ƒ
.)
1
Y
L ¥ 2 ¹
Y
£
. Press
„
1
in terms of
1
is
Y
selected.
X
W
XABXB
L
6 Getting Started
Defining a Table of Values
The table feature of the TI.82 provides numeric information about a function. Use
a table of values from the previously defined function to estimate an answer to
the problem.
ä
ã
TblSet
1. Press y
TABLE SETUP
2. Press
Í
3. Press 10
@
Tbl=10
. Leave
Í
(above
menu.
to accept
to define the table increment
Indpnt: Auto
so the table will be generated automatically.
ä
ã
4. Press y
TABLE
table.
Note that the maximum value displayed is at
. The maximum occurs between 30 and 50.
X=40
5. Press and hold † to scroll the table until the
sign change appears. Note that the maximum
length of
sign of
6. Press y
for this problem occurs where the
X
1
(volume) becomes negative.
Y
ä
ã
TblSet
. Note that
to reflect the first line of the table you last
displayed.
TblMin=0
(above
p
and
s
TblMin
) to display the
.
Depend: Auto
) to display the
has changed
Getting Started 7
Zooming In on the Table
You can adjust the way a table is displayed to get more detailed information
about any defined function. By varying the value of @Tbl, you can “zoom in” on
the table.
1. Adjust the table setup to get a more accurate
estimate of the maximum size of the cutout.
Press
set
2. Press y
Í
.
ã
TABLE
to set
ä
.
30
@
Tbl
TblMin
. Press 1
3. Use † and } to scroll the table. Note that the
maximum value displayed is
occurs at
. The maximum occurs between
X=37
410256
36 and 38.
Í
, which
to
8 Getting Started
4. Press y
Press
.1
5. Press y
TblSet
Í
ã
TABLE
. Press
to set
ä
and use † and } to scroll the
Í
36
@
Tbl
to set
.
ä
ã
table.
6. Press † and } to move the cursor. The
maximum value of
1
at
36.8
is
410264
Y
TblMin
.
.
7. Press ~ to display the value of
precision,
410264.064
. This would be the
1
at
Y
maximum volume of the box if you could cut
your piece of paper at 1 mm. increments.
36.8
in full
Getting Started 9
Changing the Viewing WINDOW
The viewing WINDOW defines the portion of the coordinate plane that appears in
the display. The values of the WINDOW variables determine the size of the
viewing WINDOW. You can view and change these values.
1. Press
p
to display the
WINDOW
variables
edit screen. You can view and edit the values of
the
WINDOW
The standard
viewing
and
Ymax
and
Xscl
marks on the
variables here.
WINDOW
WINDOW
variables define the
as shown.
Xmin, Xmax, Ymin
define the boundaries of the display.
define the distance between tick
Yscl
and Y axis.
X
2. Press † to move the cursor onto the line to
define
Xmin
. Press 0
Í
.
3. You can enter expressions to define values in
the
WINDOW
4. Press
is stored in
100
as 10.
Xscl
5. Press 0
define the
editor. Press
Í
. The expression is evaluated, and
. Press 10
Xmax
Í
Y
WINDOW
500000
Í
variables.
200
100000
¥ 2.
Í
to set
Í
to
,
Ymax
Xmin
Xscl
Xmax
Yscl
Ymin
10 Getting Started
Displaying and Tracing the Graph
Now that you have defined the function to be graphed and the WINDOW in which
to graph it, you can display and explore the graph. You can trace along a function
with TRACE.
1. Press
s
the viewing
The graph of
to graph the selected function in
WINDOW
Y1=(W–2X)(Là2–X)X
.
is shown in
the display.
2. Press ~ once to display the free-moving graph
cursor just to the right of the center of the
screen. The bottom line of the display shows the
and Y coordinate values for the position of the
X
graph cursor.
3. Use the cursor-keys (|, ~, }, and †) to
position the free-moving cursor at the apparent
maximum of the function.
As you move the cursor,
and Y coordinate
X
values are updated continually with the cursor
position.
4. Press
r
. The
1
function near the middle of the screen. 1 in
Y
cursor appears on the
TRACE
the upper right corner of the display shows that
the cursor is on
trace along
1
. As you press | and ~, you
Y
1
, one X dot at a time, evaluating
Y
at each X.
Press | and ~ until you are on the maximum
value. This is the maximum of
Y1(X)
for the
X
pixels. (There may be a maximum “in between”
pixels.)
1
Y
Y
Getting Started 11
Zooming on the Graph
You can magnify the viewing WINDOW around a specific location using the
ZOOM instructions to help identify maximums, minimums, roots, and
intersections of functions.
1. Press
q
to display the
ZOOM
menu.
This menu is typical of TI.82 menus. To select
an item, you may either press the number to the
left of the item, or you may press † until the
item number is highlighted and then press
Í
.
2. To zoom in, press 2. The graph is displayed
again. The cursor has changed to indicate that
you are using a
ZOOM
instruction.
3. Use |, }, ~, and † to position the cursor near
the maximum value on the function and press
Í
.
The new viewing
WINDOW
been adjusted in both the
factors of 4, the values for
4. Press
p
to display the new
is displayed. It has
and Y directions by
X
factors.
ZOOM
WINDOW
settings.
12 Getting Started
Finding the Calculated Maximum
You can use a CALC operation to calculate a local maximum of a function.
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ã
CALC
1. Press y
menu. Press 4 to select
The graph is displayed again, with a prompt for
Lower Bound?
2. Use | to trace along the curve to a point to the
left of the maximum and then press
A triangle at the top of the screen indicates the
selected bound. A new prompt is displayed for
Upper Bound?
3. Use ~ to trace along the curve to a point to the
right of the maximum and then press
A triangle at the top of the screen indicates the
selected bound. A new prompt is displayed for
Guess?
4. Use | to trace to a point near the maximum and
Í
press
bottom of the display.
Note how the values for the calculated
maximum compared with the maximums found
with the free-moving cursor,
table.
to display the
maximum
CALCULATE
.
Í
Í
. The answer is displayed at the
, and the
TRACE
.
.
Getting Started 13
Other Features
Getting Started introduced you to basic calculator operation and the table and
function graphing features of the TI.82. The remainder of this guidebook
describes these features in more detail and also covers other capabilities of the
TI.82.
Graphing
You can store, graph, and analyze up to ten functions (Chapter 3), up to six
parametric functions (Chapter 4), and up to six polar functions (Chapter 5).
You can use
Sequences
You can generate sequences and graph them over time or as web plots.
(Chapter 6)
Tables
You can create function evaluation tables to analyze multiple functions
simultaneously. (Chapter 7)
Matrices
You can enter and save up to five matrices and perform standard matrix
operations on them. (Chapter 10)
Lists
You can enter and save up to six lists for use in statistical analysis. You also
can use lists to evaluate expressions at multiple values simultaneously and
to graph a family of curves. (Chapter 11)
operations to annotate graphs (Chapter 8).
DRAW
Statistics
You can perform one-variable and two-variable list-based statistical
analysis, including median-median line and regression analysis, and plot the
data as histograms, points,
lines, or box-and-whisker plots. You can
x-y
define and save three statistical plot definitions. (Chapters 12).
Programming
You can enter and save programs that include extensive control and
input/output instructions. (Chapter 13)
Split Screen
You can show simultaneously the graph screen and a related editor, such as
the
screen, table, list editor, or Home screen. (Chapter 9)
Y=
14 Getting Started
Chapter 1: Operating the TI-82
This chapter describes the TI.82 and provides general information about its
operation.
Chapter Contents
Turning the TI.82 On and Off
Setting the Display Contrast
The Display
................................
Entering Expressions and Instructions
TI.82 Edit Keys
Setting Modes
TI.82 Modes
Variable Names
..............................
...............................
................................
..............................
Storing and Recalling Variable Values
..................................
Last Entry
Last Answer
TI.82 Menus
VARS
EOS
Error Conditions
.................................
................................
and
Y.VARS
é
Equation Operating System
(
Menus
.............................
......................
.....................
.............
..............
.......................
................
)
1-2
1-3
1
1
1
1
-
1
10
-
1
12
-
1
13
1-14
1-16
-
1
17
1-19
1-20
-
1
22
-
4
-
6
-
8
-
9
Operating the TI.82 1-1
Turning the TI-82 On and Off
To turn the TI.82 on, press the É key. To turn it off, press and release y and
then press M. After about five minutes without any activity, APDé (Automatic
Power Down™) turns the TI.82 off automatically.
Turning the Calculator On
Press É to turn the TI.82 on.
ä
¦
If you pressed y
the Home screen as it was when you last used it, and errors are cleared.
¦
If APD turned the calculator off, the TI.82, including the display, cursor,
and any error conditions, will be exactly as you left it.
Turning the Calculator Off
Press and release y and then press
¦
Any error condition is cleared.
¦
All settings and memory contents are retained by Constant Memoryé.
APD™ (Automatic Power Down™)
To prolong the life of the batteries, APD turns the TI.82 off automatically
after several minutes without any activity. When you press É, the TI.82
will be exactly as you left it.
¦
The display, cursor, and any error conditions are exactly as you left
them.
¦
All settings and memory contents are retained by Constant Memory.
ã
OFF
to turn the calculator off, the display shows
ä
ã
OFF
to turn the TI.82 off.
Batteries
The TI.82 uses four AAA alkaline batteries and has a user-replaceable backup lithium battery. To replace batteries without losing any information
stored in memory, follow the directions on page B.2.
1-2 Operating the TI.82
Setting the Display Contrast
The brightness and contrast of the display depends on room lighting, battery
freshness, viewing angle, and adjustment of the display contrast. The contrast
setting is retained in memory when the TI.82 is turned off.
Adjusting the Display Contrast
You can adjust the display contrast to suit your viewing angle and lighting
conditions at any time. As you change the contrast setting, the display
contrast changes, and a number in the upper right corner indicates the
current contrast setting between 0 (lightest) and 9 (darkest).
Note that there are 32 different contrast levels, so each number 0 through 9
represents more than one setting.
To adjust the contrast:
1. Press and release the y key.
2. Use one of two keys:
¦
To increase the contrast, press and hold }.
¦
To decrease the contrast, press and hold †.
Note: If you adjust the contrast setting to zero, the display may become
completely blank. If this happens, press and release y and then press and
hold } until the display reappears.
When to Replace Batteries
When the batteries are low, the display begins to dim (especially during
calculations), and you must adjust the contrast to a higher setting. If you
find it necessary to set the contrast to a setting of 8 or 9, you should replace
the four AAA batteries soon.
Note: The display contrast may appear very dark after you change
batteries. Press and release y and then press and hold † to lighten the
display.
Operating the TI.82 1-3
The Display
The TI.82 displays both text and graphics. Graphics are described in Chapter 3.
The TI.82 also can display a split screen, showing graphics and text
simultaneously (Chapter 9).
Home Screen
The Home screen is the primary screen of the TI.82, where you enter
instructions to be executed and expressions to be evaluated and see the
answers.
Displaying Entries and Answers
When text is displayed, the TI.82 screen can have up to eight lines of up to
16 characters per line. If all lines of the display are filled, text “scrolls” off
the top of the display. If an expression on the Home screen, the
(Chapter 3), or the program editor (Chapter 13) is longer than one line, it
wraps to the beginning of the next line. On numeric editors such as the
WINDOW
screen (Chapter 3), an expression scrolls to the left and right.
When an entry is executed on the Home screen, the answer is displayed on
the right side of the next line.
Entry
Answer
Y=
editor
The
settings control the way expressions are interpreted and
MODE
answers are displayed (page 1.10).
If an answer, such as a list or matrix, is too long to display in its entirety,
ellipsis marks (...) are shown at the left or right. Use ~ and | to scroll the
answer and view all of it.
Returning to the Home Screen
Entry
Answer
To return to the Home screen from any other screen, press y
1-4 Operating the TI.82
ã
QUIT
ä
.
Display Cursors
In most cases, the appearance of the cursor indicates what will happen
when you press the next key.
Cursor Appearance Meaning
Entry Solid blinking
rectangle
(insert) Blinking underline The next keystroke is inserted in front
INS
The next keystroke is entered at the
cursor; it types over any character.
of the cursor location.
2nd
ALPHA
Blinking # (arrow) The next keystroke is a
Blinking
A
The next keystroke is an alphabetic
character.
“full” Checkerboard
rectangle
You have entered the maximum
characters in a name, or memory is
full.
operation.
2nd
If you press
to an underlined
If you press y or
(such as the
ƒ
or y during an insertion, the underline cursor changes
or # cursor.
A
ƒ
on a screen on which there is no edit cursor
screen or a graph), # or A appears in the upper right
MODE
corner.
Graphs and the screens for viewing and editing tables, matrices, and lists
have different cursors, which are described in the appropriate chapter.
Busy Indicator
When the TI.82 is calculating or graphing, a moving vertical bar shows in
the upper right of the display as a busy indicator. (When you pause a graph
or a program, the busy indicator is a dotted bar.)
Operating the TI.82 1-5
Entering Expressions and Instructions
On the TI.82, you can enter expressions, which return a value, in most places
where a value is required. You enter instructions, which initiate an action, on the
Home screen or in the program editor (Chapter 13).
Expressions
An expression is a complete sequence of numbers, variables, functions, and
their arguments that evaluate to a single answer. On the TI.82, you enter an
Í
4 5
p
. You
R
expression in the same order that it normally is written. For example,
is an expression.
Expressions can be used on the Home screen to calculate an answer. In
most places where a value is required, expressions may be used to enter a
value.
Entering an Expression
To create an expression, enter numbers, variables, and functions from the
keyboard and menus. An expression is completed when you press
regardless of the cursor location. The entire expression is evaluated
according to EOS rules (page 1.20), and the answer displayed.
Most TI.82 functions and operations are symbols with several characters in
them. You must enter the symbol from the keyboard or menu, not spell it
out. For example, to calculate the log of 45, you must press «
cannot type in the letters
entry as implied multiplication of the variables
L O G
. (If you type
, the TI.82 interprets the
LOG
, and G.)
L, O
2
,
Calculate 3.76 ÷ (-7.9 + ‡5) + 2 log 45.
Multiple Entries on a Line
1-6 Operating the TI.82
¥ £ Ì
3.76
¤ Ã 2 «
5
Í
To enter more than one expression or instruction on a line, separate them
with a colon (
à y
7.9
45
). They are all stored together in
:
‡
ä
ã
Last Entry
(page 1.14).
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