MSI B360 Gaming Pro carbon Manual

Unpacking

Thank you for buying the MSI® H370 GAMING PRO CARBON/ B360 GAMING PRO CARBON motherboard. Check to make sure your motherboard box contains the following items. If something is missing, contact your dealer as soon as possible.

Drivers & Utilities

Motherboard User

Disc

Guide

Motherboard

I/O Shield

SATA Cable x2	CORSAIR RGB LED
	Extension
	Cable 50cm x1

	RGB LED Extension		M.2 Screw x1 (H370)
		SATA Cable Labels
	Cable 80cm x1		M.2 Screw x2 (B360)

Case Badge

Unpacking 1

Safety Information

yThe components included in this package are prone to damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD). Please adhere to the following instructions to ensure successful computer assembly.

yEnsure that all components are securely connected. Loose connections may cause the computer to not recognize a component or fail to start.

yHold the motherboard by the edges to avoid touching sensitive components.

yIt is recommended to wear an electrostatic discharge (ESD) wrist strap when handling the motherboard to prevent electrostatic damage. If an ESD wrist strap is not available, discharge yourself of static electricity by touching another metal object before handling the motherboard.

yStore the motherboard in an electrostatic shielding container or on an anti-static pad whenever the motherboard is not installed.

yBefore turning on the computer, ensure that there are no loose screws or metal components on the motherboard or anywhere within the computer case.

yDo not boot the computer before installation is completed. This could cause permanent damage to the components as well as injury to the user.

yIf you need help during any installation step, please consult a certified computer technician.

yAlways turn off the power supply and unplug the power cord from the power outlet before installing or removing any computer component.

yKeep this user guide for future reference.

yKeep this motherboard away from humidity.

yMake sure that your electrical outlet provides the same voltage as is indicated on the PSU, before connecting the PSU to the electrical outlet.

yPlace the power cord such a way that people can not step on it. Do not place anything over the power cord.

yAll cautions and warnings on the motherboard should be noted.

yIf any of the following situations arises, get the motherboard checked by service personnel:

Liquid has penetrated into the computer.

The motherboard has been exposed to moisture.

The motherboard does not work well or you can not get it work according to user guide.

The motherboard has been dropped and damaged.

The motherboard has obvious sign of breakage.

yDo not leave this motherboard in an environment above 60°C (140°F), it may damage the motherboard.

2 Safety Information

Quick Start

Preparing Tools and Components

Intel® LGA 1151 CPU	CPU Fan	Thermal Paste

DDR4 Memory

Power Supply Unit

Chassis

SATA DVD Drive

SATA Hard Disk Drive

Graphics Card

Phillips Screwdriver

A Package of Screws

Quick Start 3

Installing a Processor	2

http://youtu.be/bf5La099urI

1

3

	7
4	5	9

6

8

4 Quick Start

Installing DDR4 memory

http://youtu.be/T03aDrJPyQs

1

1

	2
2	3
3

	DIMMB2	DIMMB2
		DIMMB1
DIMMA2	DIMMA2	DIMMA2
		DIMMA1

Quick Start 5

Connecting the Front Panel Header

http://youtu.be/DPELIdVNZUI

		-
		LED
	LED+		POWER
			POWER
	LED
SW		HDD
POWER
SW
RESET

2					10		1	HDD LED +	2	Power LED +
							3	HDD LED -	4	Power LED -
							5	Reset Switch	6	Power Switch
1					9
		JFP1					7	Reset Switch	8	Power Switch
							9	Reserved	10	No Pin

RESETSW

HDDLED

	HDD LED						HDD LED -
							HDD LED +
							POWER LED -
	POWER LED						POWER LED +

6 Quick Start

Installing the Motherboard

1

2

BAT1

Quick Start 7

Installing SATA Drives

http://youtu.be/RZsMpqxythc	1

2	3

5

4

8 Quick Start

Installing a Graphics Card

http://youtu.be/mG0GZpr9w_A

1

3

2

5

4

6

Quick Start 9

Connecting Peripheral Devices

10 Quick Start

Connecting the Power Connectors

http://youtu.be/gkDYyR_83I4

ATX_PWR1	CPU_PWR1

Quick Start 11

Power On

1

2

3

4

12 Quick Start

Contents
Unpacking..............................................................................................................	1
Safety Information.................................................................................................	2
Quick Start .............................................................................................................	3
Preparing Tools and Components..........................................................................	3
Installing a Processor.............................................................................................	4
Installing DDR4 memory ........................................................................................	5
Connecting the Front Panel Header.......................................................................	6
Installing the Motherboard.....................................................................................	7
Installing SATA Drives.............................................................................................	8
Installing a Graphics Card ......................................................................................	9
Connecting Peripheral Devices ............................................................................	10
Connecting the Power Connectors.......................................................................	11
Power On...............................................................................................................	12
Specifications.......................................................................................................	16
JCORSAIR1 Connector Specification....................................................................	20
Block Diagram ....................................................................................................	21
Rear I/O Panel .....................................................................................................	22
LAN Port LED Status Table...................................................................................	22
Audio Ports Configuration ....................................................................................	22
Realtek HD Audio Manager ..................................................................................	23
Overview of Components ....................................................................................	25
CPU Socket ...........................................................................................................	27
DIMM Slots............................................................................................................	28
PCI_E1~5: PCIe Expansion Slots..........................................................................	29
M2_1, M2_2: M.2 Slots (Key M).............................................................................	30
SATA1~6: SATA 6Gb/s Connectors .......................................................................	31
CPU_PWR1, ATX_PWR1: Power Connectors .......................................................	32
JFP1, JFP2: Front Panel Connectors ...................................................................	33
JUSB5: USB 3.1 Gen2 Type-C Connector.............................................................	33
JUSB1~2: USB 2.0 Connectors.............................................................................	34
JUSB3~4: USB 3.1 Gen1 Connectors (optional) ...................................................	34
CPU_FAN1,SYS_FAN1~5, PUMP_FAN1: Fan Connectors....................................	35
JAUD1: Front Audio Connector ............................................................................	36
JCI1: Chassis Intrusion Connector.......................................................................	36
JTPM1: TPM Module Connector...........................................................................	37

Contents 13

JBAT1: Clear CMOS (Reset BIOS) Jumper ...........................................................	37
JRGB1, JRAINBOW1: RGB LED connectors.........................................................	38
JCORSAIR1: CORSAIR Connector ........................................................................	39
Onboard LEDs......................................................................................................	40
EZ Debug LED.......................................................................................................	40
PCIe x16 slot LEDs................................................................................................	40
DIMM LEDs ...........................................................................................................	40
BIOS Setup...........................................................................................................	41
Entering BIOS Setup.............................................................................................	41
Resetting BIOS......................................................................................................	42
Updating BIOS.......................................................................................................	42
EZ Mode ................................................................................................................	43
Advanced Mode ....................................................................................................	45
SETTINGS..............................................................................................................	46
Advanced...............................................................................................................	46
Boot.......................................................................................................................	52
Security.................................................................................................................	53
Save & Exit............................................................................................................	54
OC..........................................................................................................................	55
M-FLASH ..............................................................................................................	61
OC PROFILE..........................................................................................................	62
HARDWARE MONITOR..........................................................................................	63
Software Description...........................................................................................	64
Installing Windows® 10.........................................................................................	64
Installing Drivers ..................................................................................................	64
Installing Utilities .................................................................................................	64
APP MANAGER .....................................................................................................	65
LIVE UPDATE 6......................................................................................................	66
COMMAND CENTER .............................................................................................	68
GAMING APP.........................................................................................................	72
X-BOOST ...............................................................................................................	77
DPC LATENCY TUNER ..........................................................................................	79
MYSTIC LIGHT.......................................................................................................	80
MYSTIC LIGHT PARTY ...........................................................................................	84
SMART TOOL.........................................................................................................	88
RAMDISK...............................................................................................................	90
GAMING LAN MANAGER ......................................................................................	91
Nahimic 2.5...........................................................................................................	93

14 Contents

RAID Configuration..............................................................................................	98
Using Intel® Rapid Storage Technology Option ROM ...........................................	98
Degraded RAID Array .........................................................................................	101
M.2 PCIe SSD RAID.............................................................................................	103
Intel® Optane™ Memory Configuration ............................................................	106
System Requirements .......................................................................................	106
Installing the Intel® Optane™ memory ..............................................................	106
Removing the Intel® Optane™ memory .............................................................	108
Troubleshooting..................................................................................................	109
Troubleshooting ................................................................................................	110
Regulatory Notices............................................................................................	111

Contents 15

Specifications

	CPU	ySupports 8th Gen Intel® Core™, Pentium® Gold and
		Celeron® processors for Socket LGA1151
	Chipset	Intel® H370/ B360 Chipset
		y4x DDR4 memory slots, support up to 64GB
		ySupports DDR4 2666/ 2400/ 2133 MHz*
	Memory	yDual channel memory architecture
		ySupports non-ECC UDIMM memory
		ySupports Intel® Extreme Memory Profile (XMP)
		*Please refer to www.msi.com for more information on compatible memory.
		y2x PCIe 3.0 x16 slots (supports x16/ x4 mode)*
	Expansion Slots	y3x PCIe 3.0 x1 slots
		* PCI_E3 slot will be unavailable when an M.2 PCIe SSD module has been
		installed in the M2_2 slot.
		y1x HDMI™ port 1.4, supports a maximum resolution of
	Onboard Graphics	4096x2160@30Hz
		y1x DisplayPort port 1.2, supports a maximum resolution of
		4096X2304@60Hz
	Multi-GPU	ySupports 2-Way AMD® CrossFire™ Technology
		Intel® H370/ B360 Chipset
		y6x SATA 6Gb/s ports*
		y2x M.2 slots (Key M)
		M2_1 supports up to PCIe 3.0 x4 and SATA 6Gb/s, 2242/
		2260/ 2280/ 22110 storage devices*
	Storage	M2_2 supports up to PCIe 3.0 x4, 2242/ 2260/ 2280
		storage devices
		Intel® Optane™ Memory Ready for all M.2 slots (H370)
		Intel® Optane™ Memory Ready for the M2_2 slot only
		(B360)
		* SATA2 port will be unavailable when an M.2 SATA SSD module has been
		installed in the M2_1 slot.
		** Before using Intel® Optane™ memory modules, please ensure that you have
		updated the drivers and BIOS to the latest version from MSI website.
		Continued on next page

16 Specifications

Continued from previous page

	Intel® H370 Chipset
	ySupports RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5 and RAID 10 for SATA
RAID	storage devices
	ySupports RAID 0 and RAID 1 for M.2 PCIe storage devices*
	* M.2 PCIe RAID volume can be created with M.2/Optane Genie. Please refer to
	page 103 for details.
	yIntel® H370/ B360 Chipset
	3x USB 3.1 Gen2 (SuperSpeed USB 10Gbps) ports
	(1 Type-A port and 1 Type-C port on the back panel,
	1 Type-C port available through the internal USB
	connector)
	4x USB 3.1 Gen1 (SuperSpeed USB) ports available
	through the internal USB connectors (H370 GAMING
	PRO CARBON)
USB	2x USB 3.1 Gen1 (SuperSpeed USB) ports available
	through the internal USB connector (B360 GAMING PRO
	CARBON)
	6x USB 2.0 (High-speed USB) ports (2 Type-A ports on
	the back panel, 4 ports available through the internal
	USB connectors)
	yASMedia® ASM1074 Chipset
	4x USB 3.1 Gen1 (SuperSpeed USB) Type-A ports on the
	back panel
	yRealtek® ALC1220 Codec
Audio	y7.1-Channel High Definition Audio
	ySupports S/PDIF output
LAN	1x Intel® I219-V Gigabit LAN controller
	y1x PS/2 keyboard/ mouse combo port
	y2x USB 2.0 Type-A ports
	y1x DisplayPort port
	y1x USB 3.1 Gen2 Type-A port
Back Panel	y1x USB 3.1 Gen2 Type-C port
Connectors	y4x USB 3.1 Gen1 Type-A ports
	y1x HDMI™ port
	y1x LAN (RJ45) port
	y5x OFC audio jacks
	y1x Optical S/PDIF OUT connector
	Continued on next page

Specifications 17

Continued from previous page

y1x 24-pin ATX main power connector

y1x 8-pin ATX 12V power connector

y6x SATA 6Gb/s connectors

y1x USB 3.1 Gen 2 Type-C connector

y2x USB 3.1 Gen1 connectors (supports additional 4 USB 3.1 Gen1 ports) (H370 GAMING PRO CARBON)

y1x USB 3.1 Gen1 connector (supports additional 2 USB 3.1 Gen1 ports) (B360 GAMING PRO CARBON)

y2x USB 2.0 connectors (supports additional 4 USB 2.0 ports)

y1x 4-pin CPU fan connector

Internal Connectors y1x 4-pin water pump fan connector

y5x 4-pin system fan connectors

y1x Front panel audio connector

y2x Front panel connectors

y1x 5050 RGB LED strip 12V connector (JRGB1)

y1x WS2812B Individually Addressable RGB LED strip 5V connector (JRAINBOW1)

y1x CORSAIR connector (JCORSAIR1)

y1x TPM module connector

y1x Chassis Intrusion connector

y1x Clear CMOS jumper

	I/O Controller	NUVOTON NCT6797 Controller Chip
		yCPU/System temperature detection
	Hardware Monitor	yCPU/System fan speed detection
		yCPU/System fan speed control
	From Factor	yATX Form Factor
		y12 in. x 9.6 in. (30.4 cm x 24.3 cm)
		y1x 128 Mb flash
	BIOS Features	yUEFI AMI BIOS
		yACPI 6.1, SM BIOS 2.8
		yMulti-language
		Continued on next page

18 Specifications

Continued from previous page

		yDrivers
		yAPP MANAGER
		ySUPER CHARGER
		yCOMMAND CENTER
		yLIVE UPDATE 6
		ySMART TOOL
		yRAMDISK
		yFAST BOOT
	Software	yX-BOOST
		yDPC LATENCY TUNER
		yGAMING APP
		yMYSTIC LIGHT
		yGAMING LAN MANAGER
		yNahimic Audio
		yOpen Broadcaster Software (OBS)
		yCPU-Z MSI GAMING
		yIntel® Extreme Tuning Utility
		yGoogle Chrome™ ,Google Toolbar, Google Drive
		yNorton™ Internet Security Solution
		yAudio
		Audio Boost 4
		Nahimic 2.5
		Voice Boost
		yNetwork
	Special Features	GAMING LAN with Gaming LAN Manager
		yStorage
		Twin Turbo M.2
		yFan
		Pump Fan
		GAMING Fan Control
		Continued on next page

Specifications 19

Continued from previous page

		yLED
		Mystic Light
		Mystic Light Extension (RAINBOW)
		Mystic Light Extension (RGB)
		Mystic Light Extension (CORSAIR)
		Mystic light SYNC
		EZ DEBUG LED
		yProtection
		M.2 Shield (H370 only)
		PCI-E Steel Armor
		yPerformance
		Multi GPU – CrossFire Technology
	Special Features	DDR4 Boost
		USB with Type A+C
		Intel Turbo USB 3.1 Gen2
		yStability
		7000+ Quality Test
		yVR
		VR Ready
		yGamer Experience
		GAMING HOTKEY
		GAMING MOUSE Control
		yBIOS
		Click BIOS 5
		yCertification
		GAMING Certified
	JCORSAIR1 Connector Specification

Supporting CORSAIR RGB Products	Maximum connection
Lighting PRO RGB LED Strip	20
HD RGB Fan	6
SP RGB Fan	6
LL RGB Fan	6

20 Specifications

Block Diagram

HDMI	DisplayPort

PCI Express Bus

1 x M.2

Switch

6 x SATA 6Gb/s

3 x USB 3.1 Gen2

4/2 x USB 3.1 Gen1

6 x USB 2.0

2 Channel DDR4 Memory

CPU

	DMI 3.0
		x1	PCIe x1 slot
		x1	PCIe x1 slot
		x1	PCIe x1 slot
PCI	x4 Switch		1 x M.2
BusExpress			PCIe x16 slot

chipset

ASMEDIA ASM1074

4 x USB 3.1 Gen1

LPC Bus

NV6797	Realtek
Super I/O	ALC1220
P/S2 Mouse / Keyboard	Audio Jacks

Block Diagram 21

Rear I/O Panel

USB 3.1 Gen1	Audio Ports
PS/2	LAN
USB 3.1 Gen2

DisplayPort

USB 2.0

Optical

S/PDIF-Out

USB 3.1 Gen2

USB 3.1 Gen1

Type-C

LAN Port LED Status Table

Link/ Activity LED

Status	Description
Off	No link
Yellow	Linked
Blinking	Data activity

Speed LED

Status	Description
Off	10 Mbps connection
Green	100 Mbps connection
Orange	1 Gbps connection

Audio Ports Configuration

Audio Ports

Channel

2

4

6

8

Center/ Subwoofer Out

●

●

Rear Speaker Out

●

●

●

Line-In/ Side Speaker Out

●

Line-Out/ Front Speaker Out

●

●

●

●

Mic In

(●: connected, Blank: empty)

22 Rear I/O Panel

Realtek HD Audio Manager

After installing the Realtek HD Audio driver, the Realtek HD Audio Manager icon will appear in the system tray. Double click on the icon to launch.

Device

Selection

Advanced

Settings

Jack Status

Application

Enhancement

Main Volume									Connector
									Strings
						Profiles

yDevice Selection - allows you to select a audio output source to change the related options. The check sign indicates the devices as default.

yApplication Enhancement - the array of options will provide you a complete guidance of anticipated sound effect for both output and input device.

yMain Volume - controls the volume or balance the right/left side of the speakers that you plugged in front or rear panel by adjust the bar.

yProfiles - toggles between profiles.

yAdvanced Settings - provides the mechanism to deal with 2 independent audio streams.

yJack Status - depicts all render and capture devices currently connected with your computer.

yConnector Settings - configures the connection settings.

Auto popup dialog

When you plug into a device at an audio jack, a dialogue window will pop up asking you which device is current connected.

Each jack corresponds to its default setting as shown on the next page.

Rear I/O Panel 23

Audio jacks to headphone and microphone diagram

Audio jacks to stereo speakers diagram

AUDIO INPUT

Audio jacks to 7.1-channel speakers diagram

AUDIO INPUT

Rear	Front
Side	Center/
	Subwoofer

24 Rear I/O Panel

Overview of Components

SYS_FAN1	DIMMA1
		DIMMA2
CPU_PWR1	CPU_FAN1
		DIMMB1
	CPU Socket	DIMMB2
		PUMP_FAN1
		JCORSAIR1
		SYS_FAN2
		ATX_PWR1
		SYS_FAN3
		JUSB5
M2_1		JBAT1

PCI_E1

JUSB4

PCI_E2

BAT1

SATA▼1▲2

PCI_E3

SATA▼3▲4

PCI_E4

SATA▼5▲6

M2_2

PCI_E5

JCI1

JFP1

JAUD1

JFP2

JUSB1

JRGB1

JUSB2

JRAINBOW1

JUSB3

SYS_FAN5

JTPM1

SYS_FAN4

Overview of Components 25

Component Contents

	Port Name	Port Type	Page
	CPU_FAN1,SYS_FAN1~5, PUMP_FAN1	Fan Connectors	35
	CPU_PWR1, ATX_PWR1	Power Connectors	32
	CPU Socket	LGA1151 CPU Socket	27
	DIMMA1/ A2/ B1/ B2	DIMM Slots	28
	JAUD1	Front Audio Connector	36
	JBAT1	Clear CMOS (Reset BIOS)	37
		Jumper
	JCI1	Chassis Intrusion Connector	36
	JCORSAIR1	CORSAIR Connector	39
	JFP1, JFP2	Front Panel Connectors	33
	JRGB1, JRAINBOW1	RGB LED connectors	38
	JTPM1	TPM Module Connector	37
	JUSB1~2	USB 2.0 Connectors	34
	JUSB3~4	USB 3.1 Gen1 Connectors	34
	JUSB5	USB 3.1 Gen2 Type-C Connector	33
	M2_1, M2_2	M.2 Slots (Key M)	30
	PCI_E1~5	PCIe Expansion Slots	29
	SATA1~6	SATA 6Gb/s Connectors	31

26 Overview of Components

CPU Socket

Distance from the center of the

CPU to the nearest DIMM slot.

50.77 mm

Introduction to the LGA 1151 CPU

The surface of the LGA 1151 CPU has two notches and a golden triangle to assist in correctly lining up the CPU for motherboard placement. The golden triangle is the Pin 1 indicator.

Important

yAlways unplug the power cord from the power outlet before installing or removing the CPU.

yPlease retain the CPU protective cap after installing the processor. MSI will deal with Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) requests if only the motherboard comes with the protective cap on the CPU socket.

yWhen installing a CPU, always remember to install a CPU heatsink. A CPU heatsink is necessary to prevent overheating and maintain system stability.

yConfirm that the CPU heatsink has formed a tight seal with the CPU before booting your system.

yOverheating can seriously damage the CPU and motherboard. Always make sure the cooling fans work properly to protect the CPU from overheating. Be sure to apply an even layer of thermal paste (or thermal tape) between the CPU and the heatsink to enhance heat dissipation.

yWhenever the CPU is not installed, always protect the CPU socket pins by covering the socket with the plastic cap.

yIf you purchased a separate CPU and heatsink/ cooler, Please refer to the documentation in the heatsink/ cooler package for more details about installation.

yThis motherboard is designed to support overclocking. Before attempting to overclock, please make sure that all other system components can tolerate overclocking. Any attempt to operate beyond product specifications is not recommended. MSI® does not guarantee the damages or risks caused by inadequate operation beyond product specifications.

Overview of Components 27

DIMM Slots

DIMMA1DIMMB1

Channel A

Channel B

DIMMA2DIMMB2

Memory module installation recommendation

	DIMMB2	DIMMB2
		DIMMB1
DIMMA2	DIMMA2	DIMMA2
		DIMMA1

Important

yAlways insert memory modules in the DIMMA2 slot first.

yDue to chipset resource usage, the available capacity of memory will be a little less than the amount of installed.

yBased on Intel CPU specification, the Memory DIMM voltage below 1.35V is suggested to protect the CPU.

yPlease note that the maximum capacity of addressable memory is 4GB or less

for 32-bit Windows OS due to the memory address limitation. Therefore, we recommended that you to install 64-bit Windows OS if you want to install more than 4GB memory on the motherboard.

ySome memory may operate at a lower frequency than the marked value when overclocking due to the memory frequency operates dependent on its Serial Presence Detect (SPD). Go to BIOS and find the Memory Try It! to set the memory frequency if you want to operate the memory at the marked or at a higher frequency.

yIt is recommended to use a more efficient memory cooling system for full DIMMs installation or overclocking.

yThe stability and compatibility of installed memory module depend on installed CPU and devices when overclocking.

28 Overview of Components

PCI_E1~5: PCIe Expansion Slots

PCI_E1: PCIe 3.0 x16 (CPU lanes)

BAT1

PCI_E2: PCIe 3.0 x1 (PCH lanes)

PCI_E3: PCIe 3.0 x4 (PCH lanes)

PCI_E4: PCIe 3.0 x1 (PCH lanes)

PCI_E5: PCIe 3.0 x1 (PCH lanes)

Multiple graphics cards installation recommendation

x16

x16

x4

Important

yFor a single PCIe x16 expansion card installation with optimum performance, using the PCI_E1 slot is recommended.

yWhen adding or removing expansion cards, always turn off the power supply and unplug the power supply power cable from the power outlet. Read the expansion card’s documentation to check for any necessary additional hardware or software changes.

yIf you install a large and heavy graphics card, you need to use a tool such as

MSI Gaming Series Graphics Card Bolster to support its weight and to prevent deformation of the slot.

yPCI_E3 slot will be unavailable when an M.2 PCIe SSD module has been installed in the M2_2 slot.

Overview of Components 29

M2_1, M2_2: M.2 Slots (Key M)

Important

Intel® RST only supports PCIe M.2 SSD with UEFI ROM.

Video Demonstration

Watch the video to learn how to use M.2 Shield.

https://youtu.be/NwtQBpkUazs

Installing M.2 SSD

1.Loosen the M.2 riser screw from the motherboard.

2.Move and fasten the M.2 riser screw to the appropriate location for your M.2 SSD.

3.Insert your M.2 SSD into the M.2 slot at a 30-degree angle.

4.Secure the M.2 SSD in place with the supplied M.2 screw.

	Supplied
	M.2 screw
3	4
2
30°

1

Using M.2 shield (H370 only)

We provide the M.2 shield on the M2_1 slot to help dissipate heat away from the M.2 SSD. Before installing the M.2

SSD for the first time, you need to remove the screw, lift the cover and remove the protective film and the round rubber from the thermal pad.

Important

If you don’t need the M.2 shield, you can remove it

30 Overview of Components