heidenhain TNC 310 Programming Manual
TNC 310
NC Software
286 140-xx
286 160-xx
User's Manual
HEIDENHAIN Conversational
Programming
English (en)
4/2003
Controls on the visual display unit
Split screen layout
Numerical input, editing
... Numbers
Soft keys
Shift the soft-key rows
Machine control keys
Axis direction
Controls on the TNC
Rapid traverse
Direction of spindle rotation
Coolant
Tool release
Spindle ON/OFF
NC start/NC stop
Override control knobs for feed rate/spindle speed
100
1
50
50
S %
0
100
1
50
50
F %
0
Mode of operation
Manual Operation
Decimal point
Change arithmetic sign
Confirm entry and resume dialog
End block
Clear numerical entry or TNC error message
Abort dialog, delete program section
Programming aids
MOD functions
HELP function
Moving the cursor, going directly to blocks, cycles and
parameter functions
Move highlight
Move highlight, skip dialog question
Select blocks and cycles directly
Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)
Program Run/Test Run
Programming and Editing
TNC Models, Software and
Features
This manual describes functions and features provided by
the TNCs with the following NC software numbers.
TNC Model NC Software No.
TNC 310 286 140-xx
TNC 310 M 286 160-xx
The machine tool builder adapts the useable features of the
TNC to his machine by setting machine parameters. Some
of the functions described in this manual may not be
among the features provided by the TNC on your machine
tool.
TNC functions that may not be available on your machine
include:
■ Probing function for the 3-D touch probe
■ Rigid tapping cycle
■ Boring cycle
■ Back boring cycle
Please contact your machine tool builder to become familiar
with the individual implementation of the control on your
machine.
Many machine manufacturers, as well as HEIDENHAIN,
offer programming courses for the TNCs. We recommend
these courses as an effective way of improving your
programming skill and sharing information and ideas with
other TNC users.
Contents
Location of use
The TNC complies with the limits for a Class A device in
accordance with the specifications in EN 55022, and is
intended for use primarily in industrially-zoned areas.
IHEIDENHAIN TNC 310
Contents
Introduction
1
Manual Operation and Setup
Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)
Programming: Fundamentals, File
Management, Programming Aids
Programming: Tools
Programming: Programming Contours
Programming: Miscellaneous Functions
Programming: Cycles
Programming: Subprograms and
Program Section Repeats
Programming: Q Parameters
Test Run and Program Run
3-D Touch Probes
2
Contents
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
MOD Functions
Tables and Overviews
13
14
IIIHEIDENHAIN TNC 310
1 INTRODUCTION.....1
1.1 The TNC 310.....2
1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard.....3
Contents
1.3 Modes of Operation.....4
1.4 Status Displays.....7
1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels.....11
2 MANUAL OPERATION AND SETUP.....13
2.1 Switch-On.....14
2.2 Moving the Machine Axes.....15
2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M.....18
2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe).....19
3 POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT (MDI).....21
3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Positioning Blocks .....22
4 PROGRAMMING: FUNDAMENTALS OF NC, FILE MANAGEMENT, PROGRAMMING AIDS.....25
4.1 Fundamentals of NC.....26
4.2 File management.....31
4.3 Creating and Writing Programs.....34
4.4 Interactive Programming Graphics.....39
4.5 HELP function.....41
5 PROGRAMMING: TOOLS.....43
5.1 Entering Tool-Related Data.....44
5.2 Tool Data.....45
5.3 Tool Compensation.....51
IV
Contents
6 PROGRAMMING: PROGRAMMING CONTOURS.....55
6.1 Overview of Tool Movements.....56
6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions.....57
6.3 Contour Approach and Departure.....60
Overview: Types of paths for contour approach and departure.....60
Important positions for approach and departure.....60
Approaching on a straight line with tangential connection: APPR LT.....62
Approaching on a straight line perpendicular to the first contour point: APPR LN.....62
Approaching on a circular arc with tangential connection: APPR CT.....63
Approaching on a circular arc with tangential connection from a straight line to the contour: APPR LCT.....64
Departing tangentially on a straight line: DEP LT.....65
Departing on a straight line perpendicular to the last contour point: DEP LN.....65
Departing tangentially on a circular arc: DEP CT.....66
Departing on a circular arc tangentially connecting the contour and a straight line: DEP LCT.....67
6.4 Path Contours — Cartesian Coordinates.....68
Overview of path functions.....68
Straight line L.....69
Inserting a chamfer CHF between two straight lines.....69
Circle center CC.....70
Circular path C around circle center CC.....71
Circular path CR with defined radius.....72
Circular path CT with tangential connection.....73
Corner Rounding RND.....74
Example: Linear movements and chamfers with Cartesian coordinates.....75
Example: Circular movements with Cartesian coordinates.....76
Example: Full circle with Cartesian coordinates.....77
6.5 Path Contours—Polar Coordinates.....78
Polar coordinate origin: Pole CC.....78
Straight line LP.....79
Circular path CP around pole CC.....79
Circular path CTP with tangential connection.....80
Helical interpolation.....81
Example: Linear movement with polar coordinates .....83
Example: Helix .....84
Contents
VHEIDENHAIN TNC 310
7 PROGRAMMING: MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS.....85
7.1 Entering Miscellaneous Functions M and STOP.....86
7.2 Miscellaneous Functions for Program Run Control, Spindle and Coolant.....87
Contents
7.3 Miscellaneous Functions for Coordinate Data.....87
7.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior.....89
7.5 Miscellaneous Function for Rotary Axes.....92
8 PROGRAMMING: CYCLES.....93
8.1 General Overview of Cycles.....94
8.2 Drilling Cycles.....96
PECKING (Cycle 1).....96
DRILLING (Cycle 200).....98
REAMING (Cycle 201).....99
BORING (Cycle 202).....100
UNIVERSAL DRILLING (Cycle 203).....101
BACK BORING (Cycle 204).....103
TAPPING with a floating tap holder (Cycle 2).....105
RIGID TAPPING (Cycle 17).....106
Example: Drilling cycles.....107
Example: Drilling cycles .....108
8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots.....109
POCKET MILLING (Cycle 4).....110
POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 212).....111
STUD FINISHING (Cycle 213).....113
CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING (Cycle 5).....114
CIRCULAR POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 214).....116
CIRCULAR STUD FINISHING (Cycle 215) .....117
SLOT MILLING (Cycle 3).....119
SLOT with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 210).....120
CIRCULAR SLOT with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 211) .....122
Example: Milling pockets, studs and slots.....124
VI
Contents
8.4 Cycles for Machining Hole Patterns.....126
CIRCULAR PATTERN (Cycle 220).....127
LINEAR PATTERN (Cycle 221) .....128
Example: Circular hole patterns.....130
8.5 Cycles for multipass milling.....132
MULTIPASS MILLING (Cycle 230).....132
RULED SURFACE (Cycle 231).....134
Example: Multipass milling.....136
8.6 Coordinate Transformation Cycles .....137
DATUM SHIFT (Cycle 7).....138
DATUM SHIFT with datum tables (Cycle 7).....138
MIRROR IMAGE (Cycle 8).....140
ROTATION (Cycle 10).....141
SCALING FACTOR (Cycle 11) .....142
Example: Coordinate transformation cycles.....143
8.7 Special Cycles .....145
DWELL TIME (Cycle 9) .....145
PROGRAM CALL (Cycle 12).....145
ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP (Cycle 13) .....146
Contents
9 PROGRAMMING: SUBPROGRAMS AND PROGRAM SECTION REPEATS.....147
9.1 Labeling Subprograms and Program Section Repeats.....148
9.2 Subprograms.....148
9.3 Program Section Repeats.....149
9.4 Nesting.....151
Subprogram within a subprogram .....151
Repeating program section repeats.....152
Repeating a subprogram.....153
Example: Milling a contour in several infeeds .....154
Example: Groups of holes .....155
Example: Groups of holes with several tools .....156
VIIHEIDENHAIN TNC 310
10 PROGRAMMING: Q PARAMETERS.....159
10.1 Principle and Overview.....160
10.2 Part Families — Q Parameters in Place of Numerical Values.....161
Contents
10.3 Describing Contours through Mathematical Operations.....162
10.4 Trigonometric Functions .....164
10.5 If-Then Decisions with Q Parameters .....165
10.6 Checking and Changing Q Parameters .....166
10.7 Additional Functions .....167
10.8 Entering Formulas Directly.....173
10.9 Preassigned Q Parameters.....176
10.10 Programming Examples.....178
Example: Ellipse.....178
Example: Concave cylinder machined with spherical cutter .....180
Example: Convex sphere machined with end mill .....182
11 TEST RUN AND PROGRAM RUN.....185
11.1 Graphics.....186
11.2 Test run.....190
11.3 Program Run.....192
11.4 Blockwise Transfer: Running Longer Programs.....199
11.5 Optional Program Run Interruption.....200
12 3-D TOUCH PROBES.....201
12.1 Touch Probe Cycles in the Manual Operation Mode.....202
Calibrating a touch trigger probe.....203
Compensating workpiece misalignment.....204
12.2 Setting the Datum with a 3-D Touch Probe.....205
12.3 Measuring Workpieces with a 3-D Touch Probe.....208
VIII
Contents
13 MOD FUNCTIONS.....211
13.1 Selecting, Changing and Exiting the MOD Functions.....212
13.2 System Information.....212
13.3 Entering the Code Number.....213
13.4 Setting the Data Interface.....213
13.5 Machine-Specific User Parameters.....216
13.6 Position Display Types.....216
13.7 Unit of Measurement.....216
13.8 Axis Traverse Limits .....217
13.9 Running the HELP File.....218
14 TABLES AND OVERVIEWS.....219
14.1 General User Parameters.....220
Input possibilities for machine parameters.....220
Selecting general user parameters.....220
External data transfer.....221
3-D Touch Probes.....222
TNC displays, TNC editor.....222
Machining and program run.....224
Electronic handwheels.....225
14.2 Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for the Data Interface.....226
RS-232-C/V.24 Interface .....226
14.3 Technical Information.....227
TNC features.....227
Programmable functions.....228
TNC Specifications.....228
14.4 TNC Error Messages.....229
TNC error messages during programming.....229
TNC error messages during test run and program run.....229
14.5 Exchanging the Buffer Battery.....232
Contents
IXHEIDENHAIN TNC 310
Introduction
1
1.1 The TNC 310
HEIDENHAIN TNC controls are shop-floor programmable
contouring controls for milling, drilling and boring machines.
You can program conventional milling, drilling and boring operations
right at the machine with the easily understandable interactive
conversational guidance. The TNC 310 can control up to 4 axes.
Instead of the fourth axis, you can also change the angular position
of the spindle under program control.
1.1 The TNC 310
Keyboard and screen layout are clearly arranged in a such way that
the functions are fast and easy to use.
Programming: HEIDENHAIN conversational format
HEIDENHAIN conversational programming is an especially easy
method of writing programs. Interactive graphics illustrate the
individual machining steps for programming the contour. Workpiece
machining can be graphically simulated during test run.
You can enter a program while the control is running another.
Compatibility
The TNC can execute all part programs that were written on
HEIDENHAIN controls TNC 150 B and later.
In addition, the TNC can also run programs with functions that
cannot be programmed directly on the TNC 310 itself, such as:
■ FK free contour programming
■ Contour cycles
■ ISO programs
■ Program call with PGM CALL
2
1 Introduction
1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard
Visual display unit
The figure at right shows the keys and controls on the VDU:
Setting the screen layout
Soft key selector keys
Switching the soft-key rows
Header
When the TNC is on, the selected operating mode is shown in
the screen header. Dialog prompts and TNC messages also
appear here (unless the TNC is showing only graphics).
Soft keys
In the right margin the TNC indicates additional functions in a softkey row. You can select these functions by pressing the keys
immediately beside them
are rectangular boxes indicating the number of soft-key rows.
These rows can be called with the
box representing the active soft-key row is filled in.
Screen layout
You select the screen layout yourself: In the PROGRAMMING AND
EDITING mode of operation, for example, you can have the TNC
show program blocks in the left window while the right window
displays programming graphics. You could also display help
graphics for cycle definition in the right window instead, or display
only program blocks in one large window. The available screen
windows depend on the selected operating mode.
. Directly beneath the soft-key row
outside right and left. The
1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard
To change the screen layout:
Press the SPLIT SCREEN key: The soft-key row
shows the available layout options.
<
Select the desired screen layout.
3HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
Keyboard
The figure at right shows the keys of the keyboard grouped
according to their functions:
MOD function,
HELP function
Numerical input
Dialog buttons
Arrow keys and GOTO jump command
Modes of Operation
Machine control buttons
Override control knobs for feed rate/spindle speed
1.3 Modes of Operation
The functions of the individual keys are described in the foldout of
the front cover. The exact functioning of the machine control
buttons, e.g. NC START, is described in more detail in your Machine
Manual.
1.3 Modes of Operation
The TNC offers the following modes of operation for the various
functions and working steps that you need to machine a workpiece:
Manual Operation and Electronic Handwheel
The Manual Operation mode is required for setting up the machine
tool. In this operating mode, you can position the machine axes
manually or by increments. Datums can be set by the usual
scratching method or by using the TS 220 triggering touch probe.
The TNC also supports the manual traverse of the machine axes
using a HR electronic handwheel.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout
Screen windows Soft key
Positions
Left: positions, right: general
program information
Left: positions, right: positions and
Coordinates
Screen windows Soft key
Left: positions, right:
information on
tools
Left: positions, right:
coordinate
transformations
4
1 Introduction
Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)
The operating mode Positioning with Manual Data Input is
particularly convenient for simple machining operations or prepositioning of the tool. You can write the a short program in
HEIDENHAIN conversational programming and execute it
immediately. You can also call TNC cycles. The program is stored in
the file $MDI. In the operating mode Positioning with MDI, the
additional status displays can also be activated.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout
Screen windows Soft key
Program
Left: program blocks, right: general
program information
Left: program blocks, right: positions and
Coordinates
Left: program blocks, right: tool
tools
Left: program blocks, right: coordinate
transformations
Left: program blocks, right: help graphics for
cycle programming (2nd soft-key level)
Programming and Editing
In this mode of operation you can write your part programs. The
various cycles help you with programming and add necessary
information. If desired, you can have the programming graphics
show the individual steps.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout
1.3 Modes of Operation
Screen windows Soft key
Program
Left: program blocks, right: help graphics for
cycle programming
Left: program blocks, right: programming graphics
Interactive Programming Graphics
5HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
Test run
In the Test Run mode of operation, the TNC checks programs and
program sections for errors, such as geometrical incompatibilities,
missing or incorrect data within the program or violations of the
work space. This simulation is supported graphically in different
display modes. Use a soft key to activate the test run in the Program Run operating mode.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout
Screen windows Soft key
Program
n Test run graphics
1.3 Modes of Operation
Left: program blocks, right: general
program information
Left: program blocks, right: positions and
Coordinates
Left: program blocks, right: tool
tools
Left: program blocks, right: coordinate
transformations
6
1 Introduction
Program Run/Single Block and
Program Run/Full Sequence
In the Program Run, Full Sequence mode of operation the TNC
executes a part program continuously to its end or to a manual or
programmed stop. You can resume program run after an
interruption.
In the Program Run, Single Block mode of operation you execute
each block separately by pressing the NC START button.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout
Screen windows Soft key
Program
Left: program blocks, right: general
program information
Left: program blocks, right: positions and
Coordinates
Left: program blocks, right: tool
tools
Left: program blocks, right: coordinate
transformations
1.4 Status Displays
1.4 Status Displays
“General” status display
The status display informs you of the current state of the machine
tool. It is displayed automatically in all modes of operation:
In the operating modes Manual Operation and Electronic
Handwheel and Positioning with MDI the status display appears in
the large window
.
7HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
Information in the status display
The Meaning
ACTL. Actual or nominal coordinates of the current position
X Y Z Machine axes
S F M Spindle speed S, feed rate F and active M functions
1.4 Status Displays
ROT Axes are moving
Program run started
Axis locked
plain
Additional status displays
The additional status displays contain detailed information on the
program run. They can be called in all operating modes, except in
the Manual Operation mode.
To switch on the additional status display:
Call the soft-key row for screen layout.
<
Select the layout option for the additional status
display, e.g. positions and coordinates.
You can also choose between the following additional status
displays:
8 1 Introduction
General program information
Name of main program / Active block number
Program called via Cycle 12
Active machining cycle
Circle center CC (pole)
Dwell time counter
Number of the active subprogram or active program section
repeats/
Counter for current program section repeat
(5/3: 5 repetitions programmed, 3 remaining to be run)
Operating time
Positions and coordinates
Name of main program / Active block number
Position display
Type of position display, e.g. distance-to-go
Angle of a basic rotation
1.4 Status Displays
9HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
Information on tools
T: Tool number
Tool axis
Tool length and radius
Oversizes (delta values) from TOOL CALL block
1.4 Status Displays
Coordinate transformations
Name of main program / Active block number
Active datum shift (Cycle 7)
Active rotation angle (Cycle 10)
Mirrored axes (Cycle 8)
Active scaling factor (Cycle 11)
For further information, refer to section 8.6 “Coordinate Transformation Cycles.”
10
1 Introduction
1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels
3-D Touch Probes
With the various HEIDENHAIN 3-D touch probe systems you can:
■ Automatically align workpieces
■ Quickly and precisely set datums
TS 220 touch trigger probe
This touch probe is particularly effective for automatic workpiece
alignment, datum setting and workpiece measurement. The TS 220
transmits the triggering signals to the TNC via cable.
Principle of operation: HEIDENHAIN triggering touch probes feature
a wear resisting optical switch that generates an electrical signal as
soon as the stylus is deflected. This signal is transmitted to the
TNC, which stores the current position of the stylus as an actual
value.
HR electronic handwheels
Electronic handwheels facilitate moving the axis slides precisely by
hand. A wide range of traverses per handwheel revolution is
available. Apart from the HR 130 and HR 150 integral handwheels,
HEIDENHAIN also offers the HR 410 portable handwheel.
1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probe and Electronic Handwheels
11HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
2
Manual Operation and Setup
2.1 Switch-On
Switch-on and traversing the reference points can vary
depending on the individual machine tool. Your machine
manual provides more detailed information.
ú Switch on the power supply for control and machine.
2.1 Switch-On
The TNC automatically initiates the following dialog
Memory test
<
The TNC memory is automatically checked.
Power interrupted
<
TNC message that the power was interrupted
— clear the message.
TRANSLATE PLC program
<
The PLC program of the TNC is automatically compiled.
Relay Ext. DC Voltage Missing
<
Switch on the control voltage.
The TNC checks the functioning of the
EMERGENCY STOP circuit.
Traverse Reference Points
<
Cross the reference points in any sequence:
Press and hold the machine axis direction
button for each axis until the reference point has
been traversed, or
Cross the reference points with several axes at
the same time: Use soft keys to select the axes
(axes are then shown highlighted on the
screen), and then press the NC START button.
The TNC is now ready for operation in the
Manual Operation mode.
14
2 Manual Operation and Setup
2.2 Moving the Machine Axes
Traversing the machine axes with the axis direction keys
is a machine-dependent function. Refer to your machine
tool manual.
Traverse the axis with the axis direction keys
Select the Manual Operation mode.
<
Press the axis direction button and hold it as
long as you wish the axis to move.
...or move the axis continuously:
and Press and hold the axis direction button, then
press the NC START button: The axis continues
to move after you release the keys.
2.2 Moving the Machine Axes
Press the NC STOP key to stop the axis.
You can move several axes at a time with these two methods.
15HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
Traversing with the HR 410 electronic handwheel
The portable HR 410 handwheel is equipped with two permissive
buttons. The permissive buttons are located below the star grip.
You can only move the machine axes when an permissive button is
depressed (machine-dependent function).
The HR 410 handwheel features the following operating elements:
EMERGENCY STOP
Handwheel
Permissive buttons
Axis address keys
Actual-position-capture key
Keys for defining the feed rate (slow, medium, fast; the feed rates
are set by the machine tool builder)
Direction in which the TNC moves the selected axis
2.2 Moving the Machine Axes
Machine function
(set by the machine tool builder)
The red indicators show the axis and feed rate you have selected.
To move an axis:
Select the Manual Operation mode.
<
Activate handwheel, set soft key to ON
<
Press the permissive button.
<
Select the axis on the handwheel
<
Select the feed rate.
<
or Move the active axis in the positive or negative
direction.
16
2 Manual Operation and Setup
16
X
Z
8
8
8
Incremental jog positioning
With incremental jog positioning you can move a machine axis by a
preset distance each time you press the corresponding axis
direction button.
Select the Manual Operation mode.
<
Select incremental jog positioning, set the soft
key to ON
JOG INCREMENT?
<
Enter the jog increment in millimeters
(here, 8 mm).
Select the jog increment via soft key (select 2nd
or 3rd soft-key row)
<
Press the axis direction button to position as
often as desired
2.2 Moving the Machine Axes
17HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and
Miscellaneous Functions M
In the Manual Operation mode, enter the spindle speed S and the
miscellaneous function M using soft keys. The miscellaneous
functions are described in Chapter 7 ”Programming: Miscellaneous
Functions.” The feed rate is defined in a machine parameter and can
be changed only with the override knobs (see next page).
Entering values
Example: Entering the spindle speed S
To enter the spindle speed, press the S soft key.
SPINDLE SPEED S=
<
1000 Enter the desired spindle speed,
and confirm with the NC START button
The spindle speed S with the entered rpm is started with a
miscellaneous function.
Proceed in the same way to enter the miscellaneous functions M.
Changing the spindle speed and feed rate
With the override knobs you can vary the spindle speed S and feed
rate F from 0% to 150% of the set value.
The knob for spindle speed override is effective only on
machines with an infinitely variable spindle drive.
The machine tool builder determines which
miscellaneous functions M are available on your TNC and
what effects they have.
2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M
18 2 Manual Operation and Setup
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