heidenhain TNC 310 User Manual
TNC 310
NC-Software
286 040-xx
User’s Manual
Conversational
Programming
7/2000
Controls on the visual display unit
0
0
Split screen layout
Coordinate numbers, editing
... Numbers
Soft keys
Shift soft-key rows
Machine control buttons
Axis direction buttons
Controls on the TNC
Rapid traverse button
Spindle rotation direction
Coolant
Tool release
Spindle ON/OFF
NC start/NC stop
Override control knobs for feed rate/spindle speed
100
50
1
5
S %
0
100
50
1
5
F %
0
Machine operating modes
MANUAL OPERATION
Decimal point
Change arithmetic sign
Confirm entry and resume dialog
End block
Clear numerical entry or TNC error message
Abort dialog, delete program section
Programming aids
MOD functions
HELP functions
Moving the cursor, going directly to blocks, cycles and
parameter functions
Move highlight
Move highlight, skip dialog question
Select blocks and cycles directly
POSITIONING WITH MDI
PROGRAM RUN, SINGLE BLOCK
PROGRAMMING AND EDITING
TNC Models, Software and
Features
This manual describes functions and features provided by
the TNCs with the following NC software number.
TNC Model NC Software No.
TNC 310 286 040 xx
The machine tool builder adapts the useable features of the
TNC to his machine by setting machine parameters. Therefore, some of the functions described in this manual may
not be among the features provided by your machine tool.
TNC functions that may not be available on your machine
include:
■ Probing function for the 3-D touch probe
■ Digitizing option
■ Tool measurement with the TT 120
■ Rigid tapping
Please contact your machine tool builder to become familiar
with the individual implementation of the control on your
machine.
Many machine manufacturers, as well as HEIDENHAIN,
offer programming courses for the TNCs. We recommend
these courses as an effective way of improving your
programming skill and sharing information and ideas with
other TNC users.
Contents
Location of use
The TNC complies with the limits for a Class A device in
accordance with the specifications in EN 55022, and is
intended for use primarily in industrially-zoned areas.
IHEIDENHAIN TNC 310
Contents
Introduction
1
Manual Operation and Setup
Positioning with Manual Data Input (MDI)
Programming: Fundamentals of NC,
File Management, Programming Aids
Programming: Tools
Programming: Programming Contours
Programming: Miscellaneous Functions
Programming: Cycles
Programming: Subprograms and Program
Section Repeats
Test Run and Program Run
3-D Touch Probes
MOD Functions
2
Contents
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Tables and Overviews
13
IIIHEIDENHAIN TNC 310
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 The TNC 310 2
1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard 3
Contents
1.3 Modes of Operation 4
1.4 Status Displays 7
1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probes and Electronic Handwheels 11
2 MANUAL OPERATION AND SETUP 13
2.1 Switch-On 14
2.2 Moving the Machine Axes 15
2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M 18
2.4 Datum Setting (Without a 3-D Touch Probe) 19
3 POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT (MDI) 21
3.1 Programming and Executing Simple Positioning Blocks 22
4 PROGRAMMING: FUNDAMENTALS OF NC, FILE MANAGEMENT, PROGRAMMING AIDS 23
4.1 Fundamentals of NC 24
4.2 File Management 29
4.3 Creating and Writing Programs 32
4.4 Interactive Programming Graphics 37
4.5 HELP Function 39
5 PROGRAMMING: TOOLS 41
5.1 Entering Tool-Related Data 42
5.2 Tool Data 43
5.3 Tool Compensation 48
IV
Contents
6 PROGRAMMING: PROGRAMMING CONTOURS 53
6.1 Overview of Tool Movements 54
6.2 Fundamentals of Path Functions 55
6.3 Path Contours — Cartesian Coordinates 58
Overview of path functions 58
Straight line L 59
Inserting a chamfer CHF between two straight lines 59
Circle center CC 60
Circular path C around circle center CC 61
Circular path CR with defined radius 62
Circular path CT with tangential connection 63
Corner Rounding RND 64
Example: Linear movements and chamfers with Cartesian coordinates 65
Example: Circular movements with Cartesian coordinates 66
Example: Full circle with Cartesian coordinates 67
6.4 Path Contours—Polar Coordinates 68
Polar coordinate origin: Pole CC 68
Straight line LP 69
Circular path CP around pole CC 69
Circular path CTP with tangential connection 70
Helical interpolation 71
Example: Linear movement with polar coordinates 73
Example: Helix 74
Contents
7 PROGRAMMING: MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS 75
7.1 Entering Miscellaneous Functions M and STOP 76
7.2 Miscellaneous Functions for Program Run Control, Spindle and Coolant 77
7.3 Miscellaneous Functions for Coordinate Data 77
7.4 Miscellaneous Functions for Contouring Behavior 79
7.5 Miscellaneous Function for Rotary Axes 82
VHEIDENHAIN TNC 310
8 PROGRAMMING: CYCLES 83
8.1 General Overview of Cycles 84
8.2 Drilling Cycles 86
Contents
PECKING (Cycle 1) 86
DRILLING (Cycle 200) 88
REAMING (Cycle 201) 89
BORING (Cycle 202) 90
UNIVERSAL DRILLING (Cycle 203) 91
TAPPING with a floating tap holder (Cycle 2) 93
RIGID TAPPING (Cycle 17) 94
Example: Drilling cycles 95
Example: Drilling cycles 96
8.3 Cycles for Milling Pockets, Studs and Slots 97
POCKET MILLING (Cycle 4) 98
POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 212) 99
STUD FINISHING (Cycle 213) 101
CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING (Cycle 5) 102
CIRCULAR POCKET FINISHING (Cycle 214) 104
CIRCULAR STUD FINISHING (Cycle 215) 105
SLOT MILLING (Cycle 3) 107
SLOT with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 210) 108
CIRCULAR SLOT with reciprocating plunge-cut (Cycle 211) 110
Example: Milling pockets, studs and slots 112
8.4 Cycles for Machining Hole Patterns 114
CIRCULAR PATTERN (Cycle 220) 115
LINEAR PATTERN (Cycle 221) 116
Example: Circular hole patterns 118
8.5 Cycles for multipass milling 120
MULTIPASS MILLING (Cycle 230) 120
RULED SURFACE (Cycle 231) 122
Example: Multipass milling 124
VI
Contents
8.6 Coordinate transformation cycles 125
DATUM SHIFT (Cycle 7) 126
MIRROR IMAGE (Cycle 8) 127
ROTATION (Cycle 10) 128
SCALING FACTOR (Cycle 11) 129
Example: Coordinate transformation cycles 130
8.7 Special Cycles 132
DWELL TIME (Cycle 9) 132
PROGRAM CALL (Cycle 12) 132
ORIENTED SPINDLE STOP (Cycle 13) 133
9 PROGRAMMING: SUBPROGRAMS AND PROGRAM SECTION REPEATS 135
9.1 Marking Subprograms and Program Section Repeats 136
9.2 Subprograms 136
9.3 Program Section Repeats 137
9.4 Nesting 139
Subprogram within a subprogram 139
Repeating program section repeats 140
Repeating a subprogram 141
9.5 Programming Examples 142
Example: Milling a contour in several infeeds 142
Example: Groups of holes 143
Example: Groups of holes with several tools 144
Contents
10 TEST RUN AND PROGRAM RUN 147
10.1 Graphics 148
10.2 Test Run 152
10.3 Program Run 154
10.4 Optional Program Run Interruption 158
10.5 Blockwise Transfer: Running Longer Programs 158
11 3-D TOUCH PROBES 159
11.1 Touch probe cycles in the operating mode MANUAL OPERATION 160
Calibrating a touch trigger probe 161
Compensating workpiece misalignment 162
11.2 Setting the Datum with a 3-D Touch Probe 163
11.3 Measuring Workpieces with a 3-D Touch Probe 166
VIIHEIDENHAIN TNC 310
12 MOD FUNCTIONS 169
12.1 Selecting, Changing and Exiting the MOD Functions 170
12.2 System Information 170
Contents
12.3 Enter Code Number 171
12.4 Setting the Data Interface 171
12.5 Machine-Specific User Parameters 172
12.6 Position Display Types 172
12.7 Unit of Measurement 173
12.8 Enter Axis Traverse Limits 173
13 TABLES AND OVERVIEWS 175
13.1 General User Parameters 176
Input possibilities for machine parameters 176
Selecting general user parameters 176
External data transfer 177
3-D Touch Probes 178
TNC displays, TNC editor 178
Machining and program run 180
Electronic handwheels 180
13.2 Pin Layout and Connecting Cable for the Data Interface 181
RS-232-C/V.24 Interface 181
13.3 Technical Information 182
TNC features 182
Programmable functions 183
TNC Specifications 183
13.4 TNC Error Messages 184
TNC error messages during programming 184
TNC error messages during test run and program run 184
13.5 Exchanging the Buffer Battery 187
VIII
Contents
Introduction
1
1.1 The TNC 310
HEIDENHAIN TNC controls are shop-floor programmable
contouring controls for milling, drilling and boring machines.
You can program conventional milling, drilling and boring operations
right at the machine with the easily understandable interactive
conversational guidance. The TNC 310 can control up to 4 axes.
Instead of the fourth axis, you can also change the angular position
of the spindle under program control.
1.1 The TNC 310
Keyboard and screen layout are clearly arranged in a such way that
the functions are fast and easy to use.
Programming: HEIDENHAIN conversational format
HEIDENHAIN conversational programming is an especially easy
method of writing programs. Interactive graphics illustrate the
individual machining steps for programming the contour. Workpiece
machining can be graphically simulated during test run.
You can also enter one program while the TNC is running another.
Compatibility
The TNC can execute all part programs that were written on
HEIDENHAIN controls TNC 150 B and later.
2
1 Introduction
1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard
Visual display unit
The figure at right shows the keys and controls on the VDU:
Setting the screen layout
Soft key selector keys
Switching the soft-key rows
Header
When the TNC is on, the selected operating mode is shown in
the screen header. Dialog prompts and TNC messages also
appear here (unless the TNC is showing only graphics).
Soft keys
In the right margin the TNC indicates additional functions in a softkey row. You can select these functions by pressing the keys
immediately beside them
rectangular boxes indicating the number of soft-key rows. These
rows can be called with the
active soft-key row is filled in.
Screen layout
You select the screen layout yourself: In the PROGRAMMING AND
EDITING mode of operation, for example, you can have the TNC
show program blocks in the left window while the right window
displays programming graphics. You could also display help
graphics for cycle definition in the right window instead, or display
only program blocks in one large window. The available screen
windows depend on the selected operating mode.
. Directly beneath the soft-key row are
shift key. The box representing the
1.2 Visual Display Unit and Keyboard
To change the screen layout:
Press the SPLIT SCREEN key: The soft-key row
shows the available layout options.
<
Select the desired screen layout.
3HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
Keyboard
The figure at right shows the keys of the keyboard grouped
according to their functions:
MOD function,
HELP function
Numerical input
Dialog buttons
Arrow keys and GOTO jump command
Modes of Operation
Machine control buttons
Override control knobs for feed rate/spindle speed
1.3 Modes of Operation
The functions of the individual keys are described in the foldout of
the front cover. The exact functioning of the machine control
buttons, e.g. NC START, is described in more detail in your Machine
Manual.
1.3 Modes of Operation
The TNC offers the following modes of operation for the various
functions and working steps that you need to machine a workpiece:
MANUAL OPERATION and ELECTRONIC
HANDWHEEL Operating Modes
The MANUAL OPERATION mode is required for setting up the
machine tool. In this operating mode, you can position the machine
axes manually or by increments. Datums can be set by the usual
scratching method or by using the TS 220 triggering touch probe.
The TNC also supports the manual traverse of the machine axes
using a HR electronic handwheel.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout
There are no select options available. The TNC always shows the
position display.
4
1 Introduction
POSITIONING WITH MANUAL DATA INPUT (MDI)
This mode of operation is used for programming simple traversing
movements, such as for face milling or pre-positioning.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout
There are no select options available. The TNC always shows the
position display.
PROGRAMMING AND EDITING
In this mode of operation you can write your part programs. The
various cycles help you with programming and add necessary
information. If desired, you can have the programming graphics
show the individual steps.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout
Screen windows Soft key
Program blocks
Left: program blocks, right: help graphics for
cycle programming
Left: program blocks, right: programming graphics
Interactive Programming Graphics
1.3 Modes of Operation
5HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
TEST RUN
In the TEST RUN mode of operation, the TNC checks programs and
program sections for errors, such as geometrical incompatibilities,
missing or incorrect data within the program or violations of the
work space. This simulation is supported graphically in different
display modes. Use a soft key to activate the test run in the PROGRAM RUN operating mode.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout
Screen windows Soft key
Program blocks
n Test run graphics
1.3 Modes of Operation
Left: program blocks, right: general
program information
Left: program blocks, right: positions and
coordinates
Left: program blocks, right: tool
information
Left: program blocks, right: coordinate
transformations
6
1 Introduction
PROGRAM RUN/SINGLE BLOCK and
PROGRAM RUN/FULL SEQUENCE
In the PROGRAM RUN, FULL SEQUENCE mode of operation the
TNC executes a part program continuously to its end or to a manual
or programmed stop. You can resume program run after an
interruption.
In the PROGRAM RUN, SINGLE BLOCK mode of operation you
execute each block separately by pressing the NC START button.
Soft keys for selecting the screen layout
Screen windows Soft key
Program blocks
Left: program blocks, right: general
program information
Left: program blocks, right: positions and
coordinates
Left: program blocks, right: tool
information
Left: program blocks, right: coordinate
transformations
1.4 Status Displays
1.4 Status Displays
“General” status display
The status display informs you of the current state of the machine
tool. It is displayed automatically in all modes of operation:
In the operating modes MANUAL OPERATION and ELECTRONIC
HANDWHEEL and POSITIONING WITH MDI the status display
appears in the large window
.
7HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
Information in the status display
Symbol Meaning
ACTL.
X Y Z
S F M
1.4 Status Displays
ROT
Actual or nominal coordinates of the current position
Machine axes
Spindle speed S, feed rate F and active M functions
Program run started
Axis locked
Axes are moving
under a basic rotation.
Additional status displays
The additional status displays contain detailed information on the
program run. They can be called in all operating modes, except in
the MANUAL OPERATION mode.
To switch on the additional status display:
Call the soft-key row for screen layout.
<
Select the layout option for the additional status
display, e.g. positions and coordinates.
8 1 Introduction
You can also choose between the following additional status
displays:
General program information
Name of main program / Active block number
Program called via Cycle 12
Active machining cycle
Circle center CC (pole)
Dwell time counter
Operating time
Positions and coordinates
Name of main program / Active block number
Position display
Type of position display, e.g. distance-to-go
Angle of a basic rotation
1.4 Status Displays
9HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
Information on tools
T: Tool number
Tool axis
Tool length and radius
Oversizes (delta values) from TOOL CALL block
1.4 Status Displays
Coordinate transformations
Name of main program / Active block number
Active datum shift (Cycle 7)
Active rotation angle (Cycle 10)
Mirrored axes (Cycle 8)
Active scaling factor (Cycle 11)
See also section 8.7 “Coordinate Transformation Cycles.”
10
1 Introduction
1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D
Touch Probes and Electronic
Handwheels
3-D Touch Probes
With the various HEIDENHAIN 3-D touch probe systems you can:
■ Automatically align workpieces
■ Quickly and precisely set datums
TS 220 touch trigger probe
This touch probe is particularly effective for automatic workpiece
alignment, datum setting and workpiece measurement. The TS 220
transmits the triggering signals to the TNC via cable.
Principle of operation: HEIDENHAIN triggering touch probes feature
a wear resisting optical switch that generates an electrical signal as
soon as the stylus is deflected. This signal is transmitted to the
TNC, which stores the current position of the stylus as an actual
value.
HR electronic handwheels
Electronic handwheels facilitate moving the axis slides precisely by
hand. A wide range of traverses per handwheel revolution is
available. Apart from the HR 130 and HR 150 integral handwheels,
HEIDENHAIN also offers the HR 410 portable handwheel.
1.5 Accessories: HEIDENHAIN 3-D Touch Probe and Electronic Handwheels
11HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
2
Manual Operation and Setup
2.1 Switch-On
Switch-on and traversing the reference points can
vary depending on the individual machine tool. Refer
to your machine manual for more information.
Switch on the power supply for control and machine.
The TNC automatically initiates the following dialog
2.1 Switch-On
MEMORY TEST
<
The TNC memory is automatically checked.
POWER INTERRUPTED
<
TNC message that the power was
interrupted — clear the message.
TRANSLATE PLC PROGRAM
<
The PLC program of the TNC is automatically translated.
RELAY EXT. DC VOLTAGE MISSING
<
Switch on the control voltage.
The TNC checks the functioning of the
EMERGENCY STOP circuit.
TRAVERSE REFERENCE POINTS
<
Cross the reference points in any sequence:
Press and hold the machine axis direction
button for each axis until the reference point
has been traversed, or
Cross the reference points with several axes
at the same time: Use softkeys to select the
axes (axes are then shown highlighted on
the screen), and then press the NC START
button.
The TNC is now ready for operation in the
MANUAL OPERATION mode.
14
2 Manual Operation and Setup
2.2 Moving the Machine Axes
Traversing the machine axes with the axis direction keys
is a machine-dependent function. Refer to your machine
tool manual for more information on operating times.
Traverse the axis with the axis direction keys
Select the MANUAL OPERATION mode.
<
Press the axis direction button and hold it as
long as you wish the axis to move.
...or move the axis continuously:
and Press and hold the axis direction button, then
press the NC START button: The axis continues
to move after you release the keys.
2.2 Moving the Machine Axes
Press the NC STOP key to stop the axis.
You can move several axes at a time with these two methods.
15HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
Traversing with the HR 410 electronic handwheel
The portable HR 410 handwheel is equipped with two permissive
buttons. The permissive buttons are located below the star grip.
You can only move the machine axes when an permissive button is
depressed (machine-dependent function).
The HR 410 handwheel features the following operating elements:
EMERGENCY STOP
Handwheel Modes
Permissive buttons
Axis address keys
Actual-position-capture key
Keys for defining the feed rate (slow, medium, fast; the feed rates
are set by the machine tool builder)
Direction in which the TNC moves the selected axis
2.2 Moving the Machine Axes
Machine function
(set by the machine tool builder)
The red indicators show the axis and feed rate you have selected.
To move an axis:
Select the MANUAL OPERATION mode.
<
Activate handwheel, set soft key to ON
<
Press the permissive button.
<
Select the axis on the handwheel
<
Select the feed rate.
<
or Move the active axis in the positive or negative
direction.
16
2 Manual Operation and Setup
16
X
Z
8
8
8
Incremental jog positioning
With incremental jog positioning you can move a machine axis by a
preset distance each time you press the corresponding axis
direction button.
Select the MANUAL OPERATION mode.
<
Select incremental jog positioning, set the
softkey to ON
JOG INCREMENT?
<
Enter the jog increment in millimeters (here,
8 mm), or
Select the jog increment via soft key (select 2nd
or 3rd soft-key row)
<
Press the axis direction button to position as
often as desired
2.2 Moving the Machine Axes
17HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and
Miscellaneous Functions M
In the operating mode MANUAL OPERATION, you can enter the
spindle speed S and the miscellaneous functions M with soft keys.
The miscellaneous functions are described in Chapter 7
”Programming: Miscellaneous Functions.” The feed rate is defined
in a machine parameter and can be changed only with the override
knobs (see next page).
Entering values
Example: Entering the spindle speed S
To select the spindle speed, press the S soft
key.
SPINDLE SPEED S=
<
1000 Enter the desired spindle speed,
and confirm with the NC START button
The spindle speed S with the entered rpm is started with a
miscellaneous function.
Proceed in the same way to enter the miscellaneous functions M.
Changing the spindle speed and feed rate
With the override knobs you can vary the spindle speed S and feed
rate F from 0% to 150% of the set value.
The knob for spindle speed override is effective only on
machines with a stepless spindle drive.
The machine tool builder determines which
miscellaneous functions M are available on your TNC and
what effects they have.
2.3 Spindle Speed S, Feed Rate F and Miscellaneous Functions M
18 2 Manual Operation and Setup
2.4 Datum Setting
(Without a 3-D Touch Probe)
You fix a datum by setting the TNC position display to the
coordinates of a known position on the workpiece.
Preparation
Clamp and align the workpiece.
Insert the zero tool with known radius into the spindle.
Ensure that the TNC is showing the actual position values.
Y
Z
X
Y
X
Setting the datum
Fragile workpiece? If the workpiece surface must not be scratched,
you can lay a metal shim of know thickness
tool axis datum value that is larger than the desired datum by the
d
.
value
Select the MANUAL OPERATION mode.
<
Move the tool slowly until it touches the
workpiece surface.
<
Select the function for setting the datum
<
Select the axis.
DATUM SET Z=
<
Zero tool: Set the display to a known workpiece
position (here, 0) or enter the thickness
shim.
d
on it. Then enter a
d
of the
2.4 Setting the Datum
Repeat the process for the remaining axes.
If you are using a preset tool, set the display of the tool axis to the
length L of the tool or enter the sum Z=L+d.
19HEIDENHAIN TNC 310
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