BUCHI D-480 User Manual

Name: BUCHI D-480
Brand: BUCHI
SKU: 1438703
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DuMaster D-480

Operation Manual

11593626 en

Imprint

Product Identification:

Operation Manual, DuMaster D-480 11593626 en

BÜCHI Labortechnik AG

Meierseggstrasse 40

Postfach

CH-9230 Flawil 1

E-Mail: quality@buchi.com

This document contains proprietary information of BÜCHI Labortechnik AG. Reprint is prohibited.

Due to continued product development this information may change without notice. The information and intellectual property contained herein is confidential between BÜCHI Labortechnik AG and the client and remains the exclusive property of BÜCHI Labortechnik AG. If you find any problems in the documentation, please report them to us in writing. BÜCHI Labortechnik AG does not warrant that this document is error-free.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of BÜCHI Labortechnik AG.

Windows®, Windows XP® and Windows 7® are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

MS-Excel® und MS-Access® are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Operation Manual D-480

©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

Contents

CHAPTER 1 General	13
Revision history...........................................................................................................................................	14
About this document....................................................................................................................................	15
Display conventions ....................................................................................................................................	16
General information on the operating instructions.......................................................................................	16
CHAPTER 2 Basic security settings	17
Working with the operating instructions.......................................................................................................	18
Representation of safety instructions ..........................................................................................................	18
Instructions for disposal of consumables.....................................................................................................	18
Intended use of the instrument....................................................................................................................	19
Warning: residual risks................................................................................................................................	19
Safety devices in the analyzer.....................................................................................................................	20
Warning signs on the analyzer ....................................................................................................................	22
Warning: changes to the instrument............................................................................................................	23
Warning: unsuitable spare parts and consumables.....................................................................................	23
Required user knowledge and skills............................................................................................................	23
Required personal safety equipment...........................................................................................................	24
Warning notes during operation ..................................................................................................................	24
CHAPTER 3 Product description	29
Analytical characteristics and technical specifications.................................................................................	30
Analytical characteristics..................................................................................................................	31
Technical specifications ...................................................................................................................	31
Instrument design........................................................................................................................................	33
Front view ........................................................................................................................................	34
Furnace section ...............................................................................................................................	35
Rear view .........................................................................................................................................	36
Right side view.................................................................................................................................	37
Left side view ...................................................................................................................................	38
Top view...........................................................................................................................................	39
Peripherals and their function ..........................................................................................................	39
CHAPTER 4 Understanding the instrument and planning its use	41
Layout and mode of functioning ..................................................................................................................	42
Functional units................................................................................................................................	43
The thermal conductivity detector (TCD)..........................................................................................	45
Processes in the instrument during a measurement ...................................................................................	46
Sample insertion and initiation of measurement ..............................................................................	47
Substance digestion and preparation of the reaction gas mixture....................................................	47
Detection of measuring components and evaluation of the measuring signal..................................	48
Formula for determining element concentration of analysis samples(Solids)...................................	48
Basic facts about working with the instrument.............................................................................................	49
Setting device parameters ...............................................................................................................	50
Instrument equipment ......................................................................................................................	51
Background knowledge required for calibration ...............................................................................	52
Calibration curve calculation method criteria....................................................................................	53
Calibration formulae.........................................................................................................................	55
Routine measuring work ..................................................................................................................	56
Formulae for blank value determination and compensation.............................................................	57
Formula for determining the daily factor...........................................................................................	58
Operation Manual D-480	©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

Contents	6
Understanding the operating software.........................................................................................................	59
Basic functions of the operating software.........................................................................................	60
Software user interface ....................................................................................................................	61
Sample view.....................................................................................................................................	62
Combi view ......................................................................................................................................	64
Status view.......................................................................................................................................	67
Right mouse button function ............................................................................................................	69
Data administration and data security .........................................................................................................	71
Laboratory information and management system (LIMS) ................................................................	72
Conditions for operating the LIMS....................................................................................................	72
21 CFR Part 11 functionality ............................................................................................................	73
Versioning ........................................................................................................................................	74
Linking the analyzer and software....................................................................................................	74
CHAPTER 5 Work performed by the system administrator	75
Installing and updating the software ............................................................................................................	76
Configure analyzer ......................................................................................................................................	77
What can you modify in the configuration? ......................................................................................	78
Defining logon timeout .....................................................................................................................	78
Creating new sections......................................................................................................................	79
Defining LIMS export settings .....................................................................................................................	80
LIMS export settings ........................................................................................................................	81
Setting up user administration.....................................................................................................................	82
User administration ..........................................................................................................................	83
Recommendations for user administration.......................................................................................	83
Granting authorizations....................................................................................................................	83
Defining interfaces.......................................................................................................................................	85
Defining the analyzer / PC interface.................................................................................................	86
Defining the LIMS / PC interface......................................................................................................	86
Defining the balance / PC interface..................................................................................................	87
Editing analysis data ...................................................................................................................................	88
When does it make sense to edit analysis data? .............................................................................	89
Limits for modifying analysis data ....................................................................................................	89
Consequences of modifying analysis data.......................................................................................	89
Performing checks.......................................................................................................................................	90
Checking documents for authenticity ...............................................................................................	91
Signing documents...........................................................................................................................	91
Viewing the logbook.........................................................................................................................	92
Working with the database ..........................................................................................................................	93
Database..........................................................................................................................................	94
Administrative work on the database ...............................................................................................	94
Defining the autoexport directory .....................................................................................................	95
Database backup .............................................................................................................................	95
Starting the database backup ..........................................................................................................	96
Reorganize database.......................................................................................................................	96
Reloading an old database file.........................................................................................................	97
Ways of optimizing the use of the analyzer .................................................................................................	98
Optimizing basic instrument settings................................................................................................	99
Optimizing sample data editing ........................................................................................................	99
"Balance" weighing data input program .........................................................................................	100
Optimizing data evaluation.............................................................................................................	101
Performing other administrator tasks.........................................................................................................	102
Modifying the registration...............................................................................................................	103
Printer setup...................................................................................................................................	103
CHAPTER 6 Starting up and shutting down the instrument	105
Setting up and starting up the instrument..................................................................................................	106
Rules for first-time start-up.............................................................................................................	107
Instructions for operating the furnace.............................................................................................	107
Installation site requirements .........................................................................................................	107
Gases and chemicals to be provided .............................................................................................	108
Operation Manual D-480	©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

Contents	7
Start-up ..........................................................................................................................................	109
Connecting peripherals ..................................................................................................................	110
Connecting supply lines and waste gas lines.................................................................................	111
Removing the transport protection .................................................................................................	112
Switching on...................................................................................................................................	114
Default instrument settings.............................................................................................................	114
Shutting down the instrument....................................................................................................................	116
Shutting the instrument down for short measuring breaks (standby) .............................................	117
Shutting the instrument down for long measuring breaks (switching off) .......................................	117
Heating up the furnace / checking parameters	118
CHAPTER 7 Using the instrument	119
Measurement settings...............................................................................................................................	120
Defining keywords for blank and conditioning samples..................................................................	121
Viewing list of defined factor, monitor and standard samples ........................................................	121
Defining custom standard substances ...........................................................................................	121
Defining standard substances as factor and monitor samples.......................................................	122
Defining standard substances as calibration samples....................................................................	122
Specifying the computation method for blank value and daily factor..............................................	123
Enabling/disabling acoustic signals................................................................................................	123
Configuring error handling..............................................................................................................	124
Preparing samples ....................................................................................................................................	125
Sample preparation instructions.....................................................................................................	126
Determining sample weight............................................................................................................	126
Showing or hiding the weight window ............................................................................................	127
Packing samples............................................................................................................................	127
Preparing measurement work ...................................................................................................................	129
Software usage rules .....................................................................................................................	130
Starting the operating software ......................................................................................................	130
Showing or hiding the toolbar.........................................................................................................	130
Waking up the instrument ..............................................................................................................	130
Selecting the operating mode ........................................................................................................	131
Viewing method settings ................................................................................................................	131
Defining custom methods...............................................................................................................	131
Defining the Kjeldahl factor ............................................................................................................	132
Copy methods................................................................................................................................	133
Settings for sample input................................................................................................................	133
Importing weighing data.................................................................................................................	134
Prioritizing urgent samples.............................................................................................................	134
Optimizing sleep and wake-up behavior ........................................................................................	135
Performing measurement work .................................................................................................................	136
Values for oxygen dosing...............................................................................................................	137
Performing measurements.............................................................................................................	138
Performing routine measuring work ...............................................................................................	140
Checklist for blank value / conditioning and daily factor measurements ........................................	142
Checklist for real sample measurement.........................................................................................	142
Types of blank value determination and their settings ...................................................................	143
Determining blank values...............................................................................................................	144
Determining the daily factor ...........................................................................................................	145
Stopping continuous analysis.........................................................................................................	147
Preparing measuring data for evaluation...................................................................................................	148
Configuring the sample view ..........................................................................................................	149
Determine measuring units and number of decimal places............................................................	149
Saving the sample view .................................................................................................................	150
Loading a sample view...................................................................................................................	150
Configure statistics view.................................................................................................................	150
Generating statistical data..............................................................................................................	150
Formulae for generating statistical data .........................................................................................	151
Manual peak integration.................................................................................................................	152
Configuring the graph view ............................................................................................................	156
Operation Manual D-480	©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

Contents	8
Setting the size of the graph ..........................................................................................................	156
Configure report .............................................................................................................................	157
Display print preview......................................................................................................................	157
Data backup and printing ...............................................................................................................	158
Overview of export and import file formats.....................................................................................	159
Exporting analysis data to MS Excel and viewing ..........................................................................	159
Exporting LIMS data.......................................................................................................................	160
Working with documents ...........................................................................................................................	161
Creating new documents ...............................................................................................................	162
Editing documents..........................................................................................................................	162
Deleting documents .......................................................................................................................	163
Finding documents.........................................................................................................................	163
Copying documents via the clipboard ............................................................................................	164
Importing documents......................................................................................................................	165
Signing documents.........................................................................................................................	165
Checking documents for authenticity .............................................................................................	166
CHAPTER 8 Maintaining the instrument	167
Important information about maintenance.................................................................................................	168
Maintenance work to be performed by the customer .....................................................................	169
Viewing the status of maintenance intervals ..................................................................................	170
Defining maintenance intervals in the software..............................................................................	170
Installing used tubes ......................................................................................................................	171
Preparing and following up maintenance work...............................................................................	171
Conditioning newly installed tubes .................................................................................................	172
Performing the calibration .........................................................................................................................	175
Viewing list of defined factor, monitor and standard samples ........................................................	176
Defining standard substances........................................................................................................	176
Viewing calibration coefficients ......................................................................................................	177
Optimizing instrument condition for calibration...............................................................................	177
Performing the calibration ..............................................................................................................	177
Assessing the calibration curves....................................................................................................	182
Calibration tables.......................................................................................................................................	185
Calibration table for nitrogen calibration.........................................................................................	186
Replacing the ash crucible ........................................................................................................................	187
Purpose and frequency of crucible replacement ............................................................................	188
Removing the ash crucible.............................................................................................................	188
Installing the ash crucible...............................................................................................................	191
Replacing sealing elements ......................................................................................................................	193
When to replace sealing elements .................................................................................................	194
Removing sealing elements from grooves .....................................................................................	195
Ball valve maintenance .............................................................................................................................	196
Removing and dismantling the ball valve.......................................................................................	197
Cleaning, assembling and installing the ball valve. ........................................................................	201
Maintaining the Ni flap and the O2 lance...................................................................................................	205
Purpose and frequency of maintaining the Ni flap and O2 lance ...................................................	206
Removing and cleaning the Ni flap ................................................................................................	206
Installing the Ni flap........................................................................................................................	209
Removing, cleaning and re-installing the O2 lance ........................................................................	210
Removing, cleaning and installing the quartz glass bridge........................................................................	213
Removing the quartz glass bridge..................................................................................................	214
Cleaning and installing the quartz glass bridge..............................................................................	214
Removing, cleaning and installing the carousel ........................................................................................	217
Removing, cleaning and installing the carousel .............................................................................	218
Emptying and filling reaction tubes............................................................................................................	220
Emptying reaction tubes.................................................................................................................	221
Filling the combustion tube ............................................................................................................	222
Filling the post combustion tube.....................................................................................................	223
Filling the reduction tube................................................................................................................	224
Removing/installing and conditioning the reaction tubes...........................................................................	226
Removing the reaction tubes from the furnace ..............................................................................	227
Installing reaction tubes in the furnace and conditioning................................................................	229
Operation Manual D-480	©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

Contents	9
Filling, removing and installing the absorption and drying tubes	...............................................................233
Filling the drying tubes ...................................................................................................................	234
Removing and installing the drying tubes.......................................................................................	236
CHAPTER 9 Repairing the instrument	239
Interpreting PC error messages ................................................................................................................	240
Performing a system test...........................................................................................................................	241
Performing a leak test ...............................................................................................................................	242
Leak test procedure...................................................................................................................................	243
Replacing fuses.........................................................................................................................................	243
What to do after a computer crash ............................................................................................................	247
Reacting to a power failure........................................................................................................................	248
Stopping continuous analysis....................................................................................................................	250
Re-weighing after sample loss ..................................................................................................................	250
Changing the position of the carousel .......................................................................................................	251
Export analysis data for support................................................................................................................	251
CHAPTER 10 Menu and dialog descriptions	253
Dialog descriptions key .............................................................................................................................	254
File menu ..................................................................................................................................................	255
File > New (Command) ..................................................................................................................	256
Select document name (Dialog).....................................................................................................	256
Select version (Dialog)...................................................................................................................	258
Save file as (Dialog).......................................................................................................................	259
File > Delete (Command)...............................................................................................................	260
Comment modification (Dialog)......................................................................................................	260
Sign (Dialog) ..................................................................................................................................	261
Verify digital signature (Dialog) ......................................................................................................	261
Export to LIMS (Dialog)..................................................................................................................	262
Export peak graphics (Dialog)........................................................................................................	263
Configure report (Dialog)................................................................................................................	263
Print (Dialog) ..................................................................................................................................	265
Print preview (Dialog).....................................................................................................................	266
Printer setup (Dialog) .....................................................................................................................	267
Open (Dialog).................................................................................................................................	268
Load balance file (Dialog) ..............................................................................................................	269
Configure backup (Dialog) .............................................................................................................	269
Clean database (Dialog) ................................................................................................................	271
Restore database (Dialog) .............................................................................................................	271
Log in as (Dialog)...........................................................................................................................	272
File > Logoff (Command) ...............................................................................................................	273
File > Exit (Command) ...................................................................................................................	273
File > Export/Import > Create Excel sheet (Command)..................................................................	273
Edit menu ..................................................................................................................................................	274
Edit > Redo (Command) ................................................................................................................	275
Edit > Undo (Command) ................................................................................................................	275
Edit > Cut (Command) ...................................................................................................................	275
Edit > Copy (Command) ................................................................................................................	275
Edit > Paste (Command)................................................................................................................	276
Edit > Insert line (Command) .........................................................................................................	276
Edit > Delete line (Command)........................................................................................................	276
Swap samples (Dialog) ..................................................................................................................	277
Edit > Modify (Command) ..............................................................................................................	277
Set stop tag (Dialog) ......................................................................................................................	278
Select current sample (Dialog).......................................................................................................	278
Set current weighed sample (Dialog) .............................................................................................	279
Edit > Update hole positions (Command) ......................................................................................	279
View menu ................................................................................................................................................	281
View > Toggle (Command) ............................................................................................................	282
Zoom in/out (Dialog).......................................................................................................................	282
Configure view (Dialog)..................................................................................................................	282
Operation Manual D-480	©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

Contents	10
Column properties (Dialog) ............................................................................................................	283
Save views (Dialog) .......................................................................................................................	284
Load views (Dialog)........................................................................................................................	285
Delete views (Dialog) .....................................................................................................................	285
View > Gridview > Auto align (Command) .....................................................................................	286
Configure graph view (Dialog)........................................................................................................	286
View > Gaphic > Auto align (Command)........................................................................................	287
Configure statistics view (Dialog) ...................................................................................................	287
View > Statistic > Auto align (Command).......................................................................................	288
Select columns (Dialog) .................................................................................................................	288
System menu ............................................................................................................................................	289
System > Auto run (Command)......................................................................................................	290
System > Single run (Command) ...................................................................................................	290
System > Stop (Command)............................................................................................................	290
System > Auto zero (Command)....................................................................................................	291
System > Wake up (Command) .....................................................................................................	291
Feeding (Dialog).............................................................................................................................	291
Adjust carousel position (Dialog)....................................................................................................	292
Analysis mode (Dialog) ..................................................................................................................	293
Windows menu..........................................................................................................................................	295
Windows > Toolbar / Run-Bar (Command) ....................................................................................	296
Toolbar...........................................................................................................................................	296
Windows > Recent sample (Command).........................................................................................	297
Windows > Status view (Command) ..............................................................................................	297
Weighing window (Dialog)..............................................................................................................	297
Windows > Default layout (Command)...........................................................................................	298
Options menu............................................................................................................................................	299
Maintenance intervals (Dialog).......................................................................................................	300
Replace part (Dialog) .....................................................................................................................	301
Commands for the maintenance of the liquid sampler VLS ...........................................................	302
Leak test (Dialog)...........................................................................................................................	302
Leak test: Test phases (Dialog) .....................................................................................................	303
System test (Dialog).......................................................................................................................	304
Error buffer (Dialog) .......................................................................................................................	306
Error display (Dialog) .....................................................................................................................	306
Options > Diagnostics > Baseline recording (Command)...............................................................	307
Input options (Dialog).....................................................................................................................	307
Standard samples (Dialog).............................................................................................................	308
Keywords (Dialog)..........................................................................................................................	309
Acoustic signals (Dialog)................................................................................................................	310
Configure Calculations (Dialog) .....................................................................................................	310
LIMS settings (Dialog)....................................................................................................................	311
Device parameters (Dialog) ...........................................................................................................	314
Method (Dialog) .............................................................................................................................	315
Error handling (Dialog)...................................................................................................................	316
Sleep / wake-up function (Dialog) ..................................................................................................	317
Monthly logbook (Dialog) ...............................................................................................................	319
Select period (Dialog).....................................................................................................................	320
Device configuration (Dialog) .........................................................................................................	320
Configure key value (Dialog)..........................................................................................................	323
Math menu ................................................................................................................................................	325
Math > Blank values > Calculate (Command)................................................................................	326
Blank values (Dialog) .....................................................................................................................	326
Math. > Factor (Command)............................................................................................................	327
Define type of peak (Dialog)...........................................................................................................	327
Define peak start / end (Dialog) .....................................................................................................	327
Area assignment (Dialog)...............................................................................................................	328
Standard samples display (Dialog).................................................................................................	329
Math. > Recalculate (Command) ...................................................................................................	330
Statistics menu..........................................................................................................................................	331
Statistics > Via names (Command)................................................................................................	332
Statistics > Group (Command).......................................................................................................	332
Statistics > Sort group (Command) ................................................................................................	332
Statistics > Delete group (Command) ............................................................................................	332
Operation Manual D-480	©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

Contents	11
Statistics > Clear statistic (Command) ...........................................................................................	332
Statistics > Include/Exclude sample (Command)...........................................................................	333
Statistics > Include/Exclude value (Command)..............................................................................	333
Calibration menu .......................................................................................................................................	334
Calibration coefficients (Dialog) .....................................................................................................	335
Configure calibration (Dialog).........................................................................................................	336
Specify lower and upper calibration range (Dialog)........................................................................	337
Calibration > Next sample (Command) ..........................................................................................	338
Calibration > Previous sample (Command)....................................................................................	338
Calibration > Next (Command).......................................................................................................	338
Calibration > Previous (Command)................................................................................................	338
Help menu.................................................................................................................................................	339
Help > Content (Command) ...........................................................................................................	340
Help > Find (Command).................................................................................................................	340
Help > BÜCHI Labortechnik AG on the WEB (Command).............................................................	340
Product registration (Dialog) ..........................................................................................................	340
Help > About DuMaster (Command)..............................................................................................	341
CHAPTER 11 Appendix	343
Warranty....................................................................................................................................................	344
Warranty of the overall instrument .................................................................................................	345
Warranty on the furnace.................................................................................................................	345
Accessories, spare parts and consumables ..............................................................................................	346
Smallest workable unit ...................................................................................................................	347
Required accessories.....................................................................................................................	347
Optional accessories......................................................................................................................	348
Index	351

Operation Manual D-480

©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

C H A P T E R 1
General
Purpose
This chapter contains general topics of the document.
In this chapter
Revision history .............................................................................................................................	14
About this document......................................................................................................................	15
Display conventions.......................................................................................................................	16
General information on the operating instructions .........................................................................	16

Operation Manual D-480

©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

1 - General

Revision history

List of modifications in this document up to now

Date	Modification

Operation Manual D-480

©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

1 - General

About this document

Status of the operating instructions

The status of the operating instructions is: 27.08.2013.

Identification number

The operating instructions identification number is: 11593626.

Validity

The operating instructions are valid for all instruments as from serial number: 16091001.

Analyzer

The operating instructions describe the basis type of the instrument D-480 in N operation mode.

Information about the instrument with different equipment and/or operating mode can be found in the variants operating instructions.

Operation Manual D-480

©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

1 - General

Display conventions

Before you start using this guide, it is important to understand the terms and typographical conventions used in the documentation. The following kinds of formatting in the text identify special information.

Formatting convention	Type of information
Triangular bullet ()	Step by step procedure. You can follow these instructions to
	complete a specific task.
Special bold	Items you must select, such as menu options (e. g. File > New),
	command buttons (e. g. Cancel), or common accentuation.
Italics	Used to emphasize the importance of an item or for variable
	expressions such as parameters.
CAPITALS	Names of keys on the keyboard, for example, SHIFT, CTRL, or
	ALT.
KEY+KEY	Key combinations for which the user must press and hold down
	one key and then press another, for example, CTRL+P, or
	ALT+F4.
"Quotation marks"	Denote amongst others the names of dialogs in the software, e. g.
	the "Replace part" dialog.
{Symbolic name}	Denotes a symbolic name, e. g. {Element} stands for the
	corresponding name of an element.

General information on the operating instructions

Pictures

The instruments of BÜCHI Labortechnik AG underlie a permanent development and adjustment regarding the optimum parameter settings. This may lead to deviations in terms of picture display of the manual and the current instrument status which are not relevant for the understanding of the instrument operation.

The valid numbers of the parameter settings and/or variables can be found in the current text part. Therefore, numbers in the pictures of software dialogs are mainly replaced by spaces or only reflect examples. They do not reflect the proper, recommended set values.

Reading aids

Subheadings are displayed in the left margin as reading aids. They sum up the content of the particular section and are useful for quick navigation.

Index

An index is given at the end of the operating instructions that helps you locate certain topics more easily. Index entries always refer to the first page of the section in which the index term is found. Therefore, don't be confused if the index term does not appear on the first page but rather on one of the following pages.

Operation Manual D-480

©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

C H A P T E R 2
Basic security settings
Target group
Personnel working with the instrument.
Purpose
This section describes basic safety rules required to avoid risks for the user of the analyzer.
In this chapter
Working with the operating instructions.........................................................................................	18
Representation of safety instructions.............................................................................................	18
Instructions for disposal of consumables.......................................................................................	18
Intended use of the instrument ......................................................................................................	19
Warning: residual risks ..................................................................................................................	19
Safety devices in the analyzer.......................................................................................................	20
Warning signs on the analyzer ......................................................................................................	22
Warning: changes to the instrument..............................................................................................	23
Warning: unsuitable spare parts and consumables.......................................................................	23
Required user knowledge and skills ..............................................................................................	23
Required personal safety equipment.............................................................................................	24
Warning notes during operation ....................................................................................................	24

Operation Manual D-480

©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

2 - Basic security settings

Working with the operating instructions

Operating the analyzer

Read the operating instructions thoroughly before performing work with the analyzer.

Storing the operating instructions

Store the operating instructions carefully and make sure the instructions are accessible for all relevant personnel.

Passing on the operating instructions

If you pass on the analyzer, always pass on the operating instructions, too.

Representation of safety instructions

Safety signs

This is a safety sign. Instructions with this sign contain warnings about risks of injury and even death. These instructions must always be observed in order to avoid risks.

Risk levels

The safety instructions are categorized according to the following risk levels:

Risk level	Consequences	Probability
Risk	Death / serious injury (irreversible)	high

Warning	Death / serious injury (irreversible)	medium

Caution	Minor injury (reversible)	medium

Caution	Damage to property	possibly

Instructions for disposal of consumables

Rules

Observe the following rules for disposal of consumables:

Dispose of the consumables according to the relevant disposal categories.

Operation Manual D-480

©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

2 - Basic security settings

Read the instructions on the individual chemicals in the safety data sheets. The risk notes for individual chemicals can be found in the R-Phrases. Safety advice can be found in the S- Phrases.

Intended use of the instrument

Intended use

This section describes what the instrument is suitable for and what substances may be analyzed with it.

Description of the instrument

The elementary analyzer is an instrument for fully automatic and quantitative analysis of the element N.

Suitable analysis samples

Only samples that can be decomposed in a controlled manner under the method-dependent combustion conditions are suitable for analysis.

Advice on difficult applications

You have the following ways of getting advice on difficult applications:

You will find useful tips in the "Application notes" on the provided CD.

You will find also the "Application notes" section on the www.buchi.com website.

Warning: residual risks

Hot components inside the instrument

During operation, the furnaces inside the instrument heat certain components to very high temperatures. Even after switching off the instrument, these components stay hot for long periods of time that you can suffer serious burns if working inappropriately inside the instrument.

Observe the relevant instructions exactly in order to avoid burns.

Live components inside the instrument

There are live parts (up to 230V) inside the instrument. When you are working on the electrical components, you may suffer electrocution if you do not work properly. Never bring liquids or leak-test spray in the vicinity of live components.

Observe the relevant instructions exactly in order to avoid injuries caused by electrocution.

Unsuitable consumables and spare parts

If you use consumables and spare parts of an unsuitable type and quality, you risk:

Injuries to the operating personnel

Damages to the instrument

Distortion of analysis results

loss of warranty.

Only use original spare parts and original consumables that you have purchased from BÜCHI Labortechnik AG or authorized dealers.

Samples with potential risks

Samples to be analyzed may pose the following risks:

Operation Manual D-480

©BÜCH Labortechnik AG

2 - Basic security settings

Contact with the substances may lead to chemical burns or poisoning.

Combustion analysis of larger quantities of the substance may lead to explosions.

These sample substances include:

Aggressive chemicals such as acids or alkaline solutions

Organic solvents

Explosives

Substances that develop toxic or explosive gas mixtures

You are obliged to protect yourself prior to contact with hazardous substances and to reduce the quantity of the substance to a safe amount.

You are also obliged to observe the safety instructions of the chemical manufacturer on the label of the bottle or in the safety data sheets. The safety data sheets contain risk information about a chemical in the R-Phrases and safety information in the S-Phrases.

Safety devices in the analyzer

Note

The analyzer may only be operated if all of the safety devices indicated in this section are in place and in working order.

Gas supply

Gas supply is only possible if the mains switch is switched on and the software is running.

Temperature monitoring

A temperature limiter automatically switches off the instrument in the event of excess temperature inside the instrument. All heating is monitored by an integrated microprocessor controller. All furnaces are automatically shut down in the event of the following malfunctions:

The heating fails to reach setpoint temperature within the set time.

A thermocouple is defective or displays an illegal value.

The set threshold temperature is exceeded.

Instrument casing

The instrument casing comprises the following, as seen from the top left in the picture:

Right side door

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Front door

Left side door

Rear wall

Instrument cover.

The casing separates hot, live parts from the surroundings.

Protective earth conductor

The electrical components of the analyzer are grounded by a protective earth conductor:

The first protective earth conductor is located on the rear wall of the analyzer.

The second protective earth conductor is located outside the cover of the electrical area (arrow).

The third protective earth conductor is located intside the cover of the electrical area (arrow).

If the protective earth conductor connections need to be detached, they must be re-connected correctly when re-assembling.

Waste gas lines

The operator is obliged to connect waste gas lines if the national limits for toxic gases in workplace air are exceeded. The waste gas lines must discharge into the open or into an exhaust hood. The end of the waste gas lines must discharge into the open at a location protected from the wind as pressure fluctuations, e.g. caused by wind, cause detector instabilities.

In addition, the installation room should be well ventilated.

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Warning signs on the analyzer

Warning sign furnace

The following picture shows the warning sign on the furnace heat protection cladding:

Warning sign electrical area

The following picture shows the warning sign on the electrical section cover:

Meaning of the warning signs

The following table explains the meaning of the warning signs:

Warning sign	Meaning
	Warning: hot surfaces

	Electric current hazard

Note

You are obliged to keep the warning signs on the instrument complete and in a legible condition.

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Warning: changes to the instrument

Safe instrument

The analyzer is designed and delivered in such a way to ensure safe working if you observe the instructions in the operating instructions.

Warning: Changes to the instrument

If you make any changes to the instrument, you risk rendering the instrument unsafe.

The consequences would be:

Injuries to the operating personnel

Damages to the instrument

loss of warranty.

Therefore, never make any unauthorized additions/conversions to the instrument.

Warning: unsuitable spare parts and consumables

Warning

If you use spare parts and consumables of an unsuitable type and quality, you risk:

Injuries to the operating personnel

damage to the instrument

Distortion of analysis results

Loss of warranty.

Only use original spare parts and original consumables that you have purchased from BÜCHI Labortechnik AG or authorized dealers.

Required user knowledge and skills

Knowledge and skills

Depending on the specific task, the user must have different knowledge and skills. The following table indicates which sections of the operating instructions require what knowledge and skills:

Section	Required knowledge and skills
Work performed by the system	Personnel with good knowledge of the operating system
administrator	and administrative settings.

Starting up or shutting down the	Personnel authorized by BÜCHI and having undergone
instrument	training.
Using the instrument	Personnel with basic knowledge of chemistry and
	experience with laboratory work (e.g. laboratory worker).

Maintaining the instrument	Personnel authorized by BÜCHI.

Repairing the instrument	Personnel authorized by BÜCHI and having undergone
	training.

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Required personal safety equipment

Protective glasses

You require protective glasses for many activities. Make sure that protective glasses are always available nearby the analyzer.

Protective gloves

BÜCHI two kinds of protective gloves with the instrument:

The protective leather gloves for protection against cuts on broken glass from cold quartz components.

The heat protection gloves for protection against burns on hot components.

Always keep the protective gloves nearby the analyzer. Replace the protective gloves immediately if required.

Laboratory clothing

For work on and with the instrument you need:

Sturdy shoes

Cotton apron

Hair tie to tie back long hair

Obedience of general rules for safe work in the laboratory

Warning notes during operation

Note

Always pay attention to careful handling when working with the instrument, especially for modifications, maintenance and repairing works. The following notes have to be strictly observed when performing the corresponding works.

Replacing the ash crucible/finger

Please observe the following instructions:

Warning Hot instrument parts and hot ash particles!

Risk of burning due to hot instrument parts.

When replacing:

Wear protective glasses.

Wear the enclosed heat protection gloves.

Place the hot instrument tubes in a tube rack on a level, non-combustible surface.

Protect the hot instrument parts from unauthorized access.

Never leave the instrument unattended when the furnace has been pulled out.

Warning Gas pressure and caustic substances in the instrument

Consumables may escape under pressure and cause chemical burns. Before performing the work:

Shut off the gas supply. To do so, execute the Options > Maintenance > Replace parts command.

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Damaged base panel

Please observe the following instruction:

Caution Damaged base panel!

Damage to the base panel will impair proper functioning of the carousel.

Before starting maintenance work, always remove all samples from the carousel. When dismantling and cleaning the carousel:

Never use pointed objects to dismantle the carousel.

Never use sharp or aggressive cleaners.

Gas pressure

Please observe the following instruction:

Warning Gas pressure and caustic substances in the instrument

Consumables may escape under pressure and cause chemical burns. Before performing the work:

Shut off the gas supply. To do so, execute the Options > Maintenance > Replace parts command.

Hot instrument parts

Please observe the following instruction:

Warning Hot instrument parts!

Risk of burning due to hot instrument parts. Before performing the work:

Allow the furnaces to cool down

Disconnect the power supply plug

Changing mode

Please observe the following instruction:

Caution Overheating if tube fillings are not appropriate for the operating mode! Overheated tube fillings melt, run into the furnace area and destroy the furnace. Make sure that the tube fillings correspond to the selected operating mode.

Cleaning and installing/removing the quartz glass bridge

Please observe the following instruction:

Warning Sharp pieces of broken glass!

When cold quartz or glass components break there is a risk of cut injuries.

Wear the enclosed protective leather gloves and protective glasses when handling cold quartz and glass parts.

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Removing reaction tubes

Please observe the following instructions:

Warning Hot reaction tubes!

Risk of burning due to hot instrument parts.

When replacing the reaction tubes:

Wear protective glasses.

Wear the enclosed heat protection gloves.

Place the hot tubes in a tube rack on a level, non-combustible surface.

Protect the hot tubes from unauthorized access.

Never leave the instrument unattended when the furnace has been pulled out.

Warning Gas pressure and caustic substances in the instrument

Consumables may escape under pressure and cause chemical burns. Before performing the work:

Shut off the gas supply. To do so, execute the Options > Maintenance > Replace parts command.

Filling reaction tubes

Please observe the following instructions:

Warning Sharp pieces of broken glass!

When cold quartz or glass components break there is a risk of cut injuries.

Wear the enclosed protective leather gloves and protective glasses when handling cold quartz and glass parts.

Caution Cutting sealing elements apart/out (o-rings, quad rings, half shells, ferrules).

When cutting sealing elements apart/out with a knife you may damage sealing surfaces.

Never remove sealing elements with a knife but rather with tweezers.

Installing and conditioning the reaction tubes

Please observe the following instructions:

Warning Hot components in the instrument

When working inside the instrument there is a risk of burning as many parts of the instrument are hot.

When working inside the instrument always wear protective glasses and the enclosed heat protection gloves.

Emptying reaction tubes

Please observe the following instruction:

Warning Sharp pieces of broken glass!

When cold quartz or glass components break there is a risk of cut injuries.

Wear the enclosed protective leather gloves and protective glasses when handling cold quartz and glass parts.

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Warning Harmful substances when glass is broken!

When filled quartz or glass components break there is a risk that harmful substances may be released.

Wear a dust mask when handling cold quartz and glass parts.

Replacing fuses

Please observe the following instructions:

Risk	Live parts!
	When replacing fuses there is a risk of electrocution.
	Before replacing fuses:
	 Allow the furnaces to cool down.
	 Disconnect the power supply plug.

Risk	High voltage!
	Using the wrong fuses can pose a risk of electrocution or fire.
	Only use fuses matching the indicated type and the indicated voltage on the fuse
	holder.

Caution	Lack of ventilation of the analyzer!
	A lack of ventilation leads to overheating of the analyzer. Before you switch off the
	instrument:
	 Ste the setpoint temperatures of the furnaces to 0 °C. To do so execute the
	command Options > Settings > Parameter > Temperatures
	 Allow the furnaces to cool down until the temperature displayed is less than
	55 °C

Filling the drying tube

Please observe the following instructions:

Warning Caustic substance Sicapent® (phosphorus pentoxide)!

Danger of chemical burns when handling Sicapent®.

Wear protective glasses and the enclosed protective leather gloves.

Warning Sharp pieces of broken glass!

When cold quartz or glass components break there is a risk of cut injuries.

Wear the enclosed protective leather gloves and protective glasses when handling cold quartz and glass parts.

Installing/removing the drying tube

Please observe the following instructions:

Caution Lack of ventilation of the analyzer!

A lack of ventilation leads to component overheating

Do not open the front door too long when the furnaces are hot and the furnace is not pulled out. Otherwise the ventilation will not work properly.

Warning Caustic substance Sicapent® (phosphorus pentoxide)!

Danger of chemical burns when handling Sicapent®.

Wear protective glasses and the enclosed protective leather gloves.

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Overheating of tube fillings

Please observe the following instruction:

Working with the database

Please observe the following instructions:

Caution	Data loss
	After reorganizing the database via Clean all sample data and the contents of the
	logbook are irrevocably deleted.
	Always backup your data before reorganizing the database via Clean.

Caution	Data loss
	Restoring the database via Restore irrevocably overwrites all sample data, the
	contents of the logbook and the database configfuration parameters.
	Always backup your data before restoring the database via Restore.

Improper changes

Please observe the following instruction:

Caution Improper changes impair proper operation of the system and may destroy system components.

Only configure the instrument if you are authorized to do so and observe the operating instructions.

Baking out combustion tube and reduction tube

Please observe the following instructions:

Warning Gas pressure and caustic substances in the instrument

Consumables may escape under pressure and cause chemical burns. Before performing the work:

Shut off the gas supply. To do so, execute the Options > Maintenance > Replace parts command.

Warning Hot components in the instrument

When working inside the instrument there is a risk of burning as many parts of the instrument are hot.

When working inside the instrument always wear protective glasses and the enclosed heat protection gloves.

Mixing up gas inlets

Please observe the following instruction:

Caution A mix-up of the gas inlets may lead to destruction of the instrument.

Connect the supply lines carefully and observe the diagram.

Operation Manual D-480

C H A P T E R 3
Product description
Target group
Personnel working with the instrument.
Purpose
This section provides general information about the instrument.
In this chapter
Analytical characteristics and technical specifications...................................................................	30
Instrument design..........................................................................................................................	33

Operation Manual D-480

3 - Product description	30
Analytical characteristics and technical specifications
Target group
Personnel working with the instrument.
Purpose
This section lists the analytical characteristics and technical specifications.
In this section
Analytical characteristics ...............................................................................................................	31
Technical specifications.................................................................................................................	31

Operation Manual D-480

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