Texas instruments TI-82 Stats User Manual

TI-82 STATS

GRAPHING CALCULATOR

GUIDEBOOK

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This manual describes how to use the TI-82 STATS Graphing Calculator. Getting Started is an overview of TI-82 STATS features. Chapter 1 describes how the TI-82 STATS operates. Other chapters describe various interactive features. Chapter 17 shows how to combine these features to solve problems.

Getting Started: Do This First!

TI-82 STATS Keyboard..................................................................................... 2

TI-82 STATS Menus First Steps

.................................................................................................................... 5

Entering a Calculation: The Quadratic Formula Converting to a Fraction: The Quadratic Formula Displaying Complex Results: The Quadratic Formula Defining a Function: Box with Lid Defining a Table of Values: Box with Lid Zooming In on the Table: Box with Lid Setting the Viewing Window: Box with Lid Displaying and Tracing the Graph: Box with Lid Zooming In on the Graph: Box with Lid Finding the Calculated Maximum: Box with Lid Other TI-82 STATS Features

............................................................................................ 4

................................. 6

............................ 7

................... 8

............................................................. 9

............................................. 10

.................................................. 11

......................................... 12

............................. 13

................................................. 15

.............................. 16

.......................................................................... 17

Chapter 1: Operating the TI-82 STATS

Turning On and Turning Off the TI-82 STATS Setting the Display Contrast The Display

................................................................................................................ 1-4

Entering Expressions and Instructions TI-82 STATS Edit Keys Setting Modes

........................................................................................................... 1-9

Using TI-82 STATS Variable Names Storing Variable Values Recalling Variable Values

............................................................................ 1-3

...................................................... 1-6

..................................................................................... 1-8

....................................................... 1-13

..................................................................................... 1-14

................................................................................ 1-15

................................. 1-2

ENTRY (Last Entry) Storage Area.............................................................. 1-16

Ans (Last Answer) Storage Area.................................................................. 1-18

TI-82 STATS Menus

............................................................................................ 1-19

VARS and VARS Y.VARS Menus.............................................................. 1-21

Equation Operating System (EOSé) Error Conditions

...................................................................................................... 1-24

......................................................... 1-22

Introduction iii

Table of Contents (continued)

Chapter 2: Math, Angle, and Test Operations

Chapter 3: Function Graphing

Chapter 4: Parametric Graphing

Getting Started: Coin Flip................................................................................. 2-2

Keyboard Math Operations

.............................................................................. 2-3

MATH Operations................................................................................................... 2-5

Using the Equation Solver

................................................................................ 2-8

MATH NUM (Number) Operations.............................................................. 2-13

Entering and Using Complex Numbers

.................................................... 2-16

MATH CPX (Complex) Operations ............................................................ 2-18

MATH PRB (Probability) Operations........................................................ 2-20

ANGLE Operations................................................................................................ 2-23

TEST (Relational) Operations........................................................................ 2-25

TEST LOGIC (Boolean) Operations .......................................................... 2-26

Getting Started: Graphing a Circle Defining Graphs Setting the Graph Modes Defining Functions

...................................................................................................... 3-3

................................................................................... 3-4

................................................................................................ 3-5

Selecting and Deselecting Functions Setting Graph Styles for Functions Setting the Viewing Window Variables Setting the Graph Format Displaying Graphs

.................................................................................................. 3-15

Exploring Graphs with the Free-Moving Cursor Exploring Graphs with

TRACE..................................................................... 3-18

Exploring Graphs with the

ZOOM MEMORY.................................................................................... 3-23

Using Using the

CALC (Calculate) Operations.................................................. 3-25

Getting Started: Path of a Ball Defining and Displaying Parametric Graphs Exploring Parametric Graphs

.............................................................. 3-2

.......................................................... 3-7

.............................................................. 3-9

................................................... 3-11

.................................................................................. 3-13

................................ 3-17

ZOOM Instructions .................................. 3-20

........................................................................ 4-2

........................................ 4-4

.......................................................................... 4-7

Chapter 5: Polar Graphing

iv Introduction

Getting Started: Polar Rose

.............................................................................. 5-2

Defining and Displaying Polar Graphs Exploring Polar Graphs

...................................................................................... 5-6

..................................................... 5-3

Chapter 6: Sequence Graphing

Getting Started: Forest and Trees................................................................. 6-2

Defining and Displaying Sequence Graphs Selecting Axes Combinations Exploring Sequence Graphs Graphing Web Plots

.............................................................................................. 6-11

......................................................................... 6-8

............................................................................. 6-9

Using Web Plots to Illustrate Convergence Graphing Phase Plots

........................................................................................... 6-13

Comparing TI-82 STATS and TI.82 Sequence Variables Keystroke Differences Between TI-82 STATS and TI-82

........................................... 6-3

........................................... 6-12

........... 6-15

.......... 6-16

Chapter 7: Tables

Chapter 8: DRAW Operations

Chapter 9: Split Screen

Getting Started: Roots of a Function Setting Up the Table

............................................................................................. 7-3

Defining the Dependent Variables Displaying the Table

............................................................................................. 7-5

Getting Started: Drawing a Tangent Line Using the Clearing Drawings Drawing Line Segments

DRAW Menu...................................................................................... 8-3

................................................................................................. 8-4

..................................................................................... 8-5

Drawing Horizontal and Vertical Lines Drawing Tangent Lines

...................................................................................... 8-8

Drawing Functions and Inverses Shading Areas on a Graph Drawing Circles

....................................................................................................... 8-11

Placing Text on a Graph

................................................................................ 8-10

..................................................................................... 8-12

Using Pen to Draw on a Graph Drawing Points on a Graph Drawing Pixels Storing Graph Pictures ( Recalling Graph Pictures ( Storing Graph Databases (

......................................................................................................... 8-16

Pic)............................................................................ 8-17

Pic)....................................................................... 8-18

GDB)................................................................... 8-19

Recalling Graph Databases (

Getting Started: Exploring the Unit Circle Using Split Screen

.................................................................................................. 9-3

.......................................................... 7-2

............................................................... 7-4

............................................... 8-2

................................................... 8-6

................................................................... 8-9

...................................................................... 8-13

.............................................................................. 8-14

GDB).............................................................. 8-20

............................................. 9-2

Horiz (Horizontal) Split Screen ..................................................................... 9-4

G-T (Graph-Table) Split Screen.................................................................... 9-5

TI-82 STATS Pixels in

Horiz and G-T Modes .................................... 9-6

Introduction v

Table of Contents (continued)

Chapter 10: Matrices

Chapter 11: Lists

Chapter 12: Statistics

Getting Started: Systems of Linear Equations ..................................... 10-2

Defining a Matrix Viewing and Editing Matrix Elements Using Matrices with Expressions Displaying and Copying Matrices Using Math Functions with Matrices Using the

Getting Started: Generating a Sequence Naming Lists Storing and Displaying Lists Entering List Names Attaching Formulas to List Names Using Lists in Expressions

................................................................................................... 10-3

...................................................... 10-4

................................................................. 10-7

................................................................ 10-8

......................................................... 10-9

MATRX MATH Operations ....................................................... 10-12

.................................................. 11-2

.............................................................................................................. 11-3

........................................................................... 11-4

............................................................................................. 11-6

.............................................................. 11-7

................................................................................ 11-9

LIST OPS Menu...................................................................................................... 11-10

LIST MATH Menu.................................................................................................. 11-17

Getting Started: Pendulum Lengths and Periods Setting up Statistical Analyses Using the Stat List Editor Attaching Formulas to List Names Detaching Formulas from List Names Switching Stat List Editor Contexts Stat List Editor Contexts

....................................................................... 12-10

.................................................................................. 12-11

.............................................................. 12-14

...................................................... 12-16

............................................................ 12-17

.................................................................................... 12-18

................................ 12-2

STAT EDIT Menu .................................................................................................. 12-20

Regression Model Features

.............................................................................. 12-22

STAT CALC Menu ................................................................................................ 12-24

Statistical Variables Statistical Analysis in a Program Statistical Plotting Statistical Plotting in a Program

............................................................................................... 12-29

.................................................................. 12-30

................................................................................................... 12-31

.................................................................... 12-37

Chapter 13: Inferential Statistics and Distributions

vi Introduction

Getting Started: Mean Height of a Population Inferential Stat Editors

......................................................................................... 13-6

..................................... 13-2

STAT TESTS Menu ............................................................................................. 13-9

Inferential Statistics Input Descriptions Test and Interval Output Variables Distribution Functions Distribution Shading

......................................................................................... 13-29

............................................................................................. 13-35

................................................... 13-26

.............................................................. 13-28

Chapter 14: Financial Functions

Getting Started: Financing a Car................................................................... 14-2

Getting Started: Computing Compound Interest Using the Using the Financial Functions Calculating Time Value of Money ( Calculating Cash Flows Calculating Amortization Calculating Interest Conversion

TVM Solver ......................................................................................... 14-4

........................................................................ 14-5

TVM).............................................. 14-6

...................................................................................... 14-8

................................................................................... 14-9

.................................................................... 14-12

Finding Days between Dates/Defining Payment Method Using the

TVM Variables................................................................................... 14-14

................................ 14-3

....................... 14-13

Chapter 15:

CATALOG,

Strings, Hyperbolic Functions

Chapter 16: Programming

Chapter 17: Applications

Browsing the TI-82 STATS Entering and Using Strings Storing Strings to String Variables String Functions and Instructions in the Hyperbolic Functions in the

Getting Started: Volume of a Cylinder Creating and Deleting Programs Entering Command Lines and Executing Programs Editing Programs

.................................................................................................... 16-6

Copying and Renaming Programs

CATALOG.................................................. 15-2

............................................................................... 15-3

.............................................................. 15-4

CATALOG........................ 15-6

CATALOG.................................................. 15-10

..................................................... 16-2

................................................................... 16-4

........................ 16-5

............................................................... 16-7

PRGM CTL (Control) Instructions.............................................................. 16-8

PRGM I/O (Input/Output) Instructions..................................................... 16-16

Calling Other Programs as Subroutines

Comparing Test Results Using Box Plots Graphing Piecewise Functions Graphing Inequalities

........................................................................................... 17-5

Solving a System of Nonlinear Equations Using a Program to Create the Sierpinski Triangle Graphing Cobweb Attractors

.......................................................................... 17-8

Using a Program to Guess the Coefficients Graphing the Unit Circle and Trigonometric Curves Finding the Area between Curves Using Parametric Equations: Ferris Wheel Problem Demonstrating the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Computing Areas of Regular N-Sided Polygons Computing and Graphing Mortgage Payments

................................................... 16-22

............................................... 17-2

....................................................................... 17-4

.............................................. 17-6

.......................... 17-7

........................................... 17-9

...................... 17-10

................................................................ 17-11

........................ 17-12

.................. 17-14

................................ 17-16

................................... 17-18

Introduction vii

Table of Contents (continued)

Chapter 18: Memory Management

Chapter 19: Communication Link

Appendix A: Tables and Reference Information

Appendix B: General Information

Checking Available Memory.......................................................................... 18-2

Deleting Items from Memory Clearing Entries and List Elements Resetting the TI-82 STATS

Getting Started: Sending Variables TI-82 STATS

LINK ............................................................................................... 19-3

Selecting Items to Send Receiving Items Transmitting Items

....................................................................................................... 19-5

................................................................................................. 19-6

Transmitting Lists to a TI-82 Transmitting from a TI-82 to a TI-82 STATS Backing Up Memory

Table of Functions and Instructions Menu Map Variables Statistical Formulas Financial Formulas

Battery Information

................................................................................................................... A-39

....................................................................................................................... A-49

............................................................................................... A-50

................................................................................................ A-54

............................................................................................... B-2

In Case of Difficulty Error Conditions

...................................................................................................... B-5

Accuracy Information Support and Service Information Warranty Information

......................................................................... 18-3

............................................................. 18-4

............................................................................. 18-5

............................................................. 19-2

....................................................................................... 19-4

.......................................................................... 19-8

..................................... 19-9

............................................................................................ 19-10

............................................................ A-2

............................................................................................. B-4

.......................................................................................... B-10

.................................................................. B-12

.......................................................................................... B-13

Index

viii Introduction

Getting Started: Do This First!

Contents

TI-82 STATS Keyboard..................................................................................... 2

TI-82 STATS Menus First Steps

.................................................................................................................... 5

............................................................................................ 4

................................. 6

............................ 7

................... 8

............................................................. 9

............................................. 10

.................................................. 11

......................................... 12

............................. 13

................................................. 15

.............................. 16

.......................................................................... 17

Getting Started 1

TI-82 STATS Keyboard

Generally, the keyboard is divided into these zones: graphing keys, editing keys, advanced function keys, and scientific calculator keys.

Keyboard Zones

Graphing Key

Graphing keys access the interactive graphing features.

Editing keys allow you to edit expressions and values.

Advanced function keys display menus that access the advanced functions.

Scientific calculator keys access the capabilities of a standard scientific calculator.

Editing Key

dvance

Function Keys

Scientifi Calculator Keys

2 Getting Started

Using the Color.Coded Keyboard

The keys on the TI-82 STATS are color-coded to help you easily locate the key you need.

The gray keys are the number keys. The blue keys along the right side of the keyboard are the common math functions. The blue keys across the top set up and display graphs.

The primary function of each key is printed in white on the key. For example, when you press , the

MATH menu is

displayed.

Using the y and ƒ Keys

The y key accesses the second function printed in yellow above each key.

The ƒ key accesses the alpha function printed in green above each key.

The secondary function of each key is printed in yellow above the key. When you press the yellow y key, the character, abbreviation, or word printed in yellow above the other keys becomes active for the next keystroke. For example, when you press y and then , the guidebook describes this keystroke combination as y [

TEST menu is displayed. This

TEST].

The alpha function of each key is printed in green above the key. When you press the green ƒ key, the alpha character printed in green above the other keys becomes active for the next keystroke. For example, when you press ƒ and then , the letter keystroke combination as ƒ [

A is entered. This guidebook describes this

A].

Getting Started 3

TI-82 STATS Menus

Displaying a Menu

While using your TI-82 STATS, you often will need to access items from its menus.

When you press a key that displays a menu, that menu temporarily replaces the screen where you are working. For example, when you press , the

MATH menu is displayed as a full screen.

After you select an item from a menu, the screen where you are working usually is displayed again.

Moving from One Menu to Another

Some keys access more than one menu. When you

ress such a key, the names of all accessible menus are displayed on the top line. When you highlight a menu name, the items in that menu are displayed. Press ~ and | to highlight each menu name.

Selecting an Item from a Menu

The number or letter next to the current menu item is highlighted. If the menu continues beyond the screen, a down arrow ( in the last displayed item. If you scroll beyond the last displayed item, an up arrow ( colon in the first item displayed.You can select an item in either of two ways.

¦ Press † or } to move the cursor to the number

or letter of the item; press Í.

¦ Press the key or key combination for the

number or letter next to the item.

$ ) replaces the colon ( : )

# ) replaces the

Leaving a Menu without Making a Selection

You can leave a menu without making a selection in any of three ways.

¦ Press ‘ to return to the screen where

you were.

¦ Press y [

QUIT] to return to the home screen.

¦ Press a key for another menu or screen.

4 Getting Started

First Steps

Before starting the sample problems in this chapter, follow the steps on this page to reset the TI-82 STATS to its factory settings and clear all memory. This ensures that the keystrokes in this chapter will produce the illustrated results.

To reset the TI-82 STATS, follow these steps.

1. Press É to turn on the calculator.

2. Press and release y, and then press [MEM]

(above Ã).

When you press y, you access the operation

rinted in yellow above the next key that you ress. [MEM] is the y operation of the Ã

key.

The

MEMORY menu is displayed.

3. Press 5 to select 5:Reset.

The RESET menu is displayed.

4. Press 1 to select 1:All Memory.

The RESET MEMORY menu is displayed.

5. Press 2 to select 2:Reset.

All memory is cleared, and the calculator is reset to the factory default settings.

When you reset the TI-82 STATS, the display contrast is reset.

¦ If the screen is very light or blank, press

and release y, and then press and hold } to darken the screen.

¦ If the screen is very dark, press and release

y, and then press and hold † to lighten the screen.

Getting Started 5

Entering a Calculation: The Quadratic Formula

Use the quadratic formula to solve the quadratic equations 3X2 + 5X + 2 = 0 and 2X N X + 3 = 0. Begin with the equation 3 X2 + 5X + 2 = 0.

1. Press 3 ¿ ƒ [A] (above ) to

store the coefficient of the X

term.

2. Press ƒ [ : ] (above Ë). The colon allows

you to enter more than one instruction on a line.

3. Press

5 ¿ ƒ [B] (above ) to

store the coefficient of the X term. Press ƒ [ same line. Press

: ] to enter a new instruction on the

2 ¿ ƒ [C] (above

) to store the constant.

4. Press Í to store the values to the variables

A, B, and C.

The last value you stored is shown on the right side of the display. The cursor moves to the next line, ready for your next entry.

5. Press £ Ì ƒ [B] Ã y [‡] ƒ [B]

¡ ¹

4 ƒ [A] ƒ [C] ¤ ¤ ¥ £ 2

ƒ [A] ¤ to enter the expression for one

of the solutions for the quadratic formula,

−

+−bb ac

6. Press Í to find one solution for the

equation 3X

+ 5X + 2 = 0.

The answer is shown on the right side of the display. The cursor moves to the next line, ready for you to enter the next expression.

6 Getting Started

Converting to a Fraction: The Quadratic Formula

You can show the solution as a fraction.

1. Press  to display the

2. Press 1 to select 1:4Frac from the MATH menu.

When you press the home screen.

1, Ans4Frac is displayed on

Ans is a variable that

contains the last calculated answer.

3. Press Í to convert the result to a fraction.

To save keystrokes, you can recall the last expression you entered, and then edit it for a new calculation.

4. Press y [

ENTRY] (above Í) to recall the

fraction conversion entry, and then press y [

ENTRY] again to recall the quadratic-formula

expression,

−

+−bb ac

MATH menu.

5. Press } to move the cursor onto the + sign in

the formula. Press ¹ to edit the quadraticformula expression to become:

−

6. Press Í to find the other solution for the

quadratic equation 3X

−−bb ac

+ 5X + 2 = 0.

Getting Started 7

Displaying Complex Results: The Quadratic Formula

Now solve the equation 2X2 N X + 3 = 0. When you set a+bi complex number mode, the TI-82 STATS displays complex results.

1. Press z † † † † † † (6 times), and

then press ~ to position the cursor over Press Í to select

a+b

complex-numbe

mode.

2. Press y [QUIT] (above z) to return to the

home screen, and then press ‘ to clear it.

3. Press 2 ¿ ƒ [A] ƒ [ : ] Ì 1

¿ ƒ [B] ƒ [ : ] 3 ¿ ƒ [

C] Í.

The coefficient of the X2term, the coefficient of the X term, and the constant for the new equation are stored to A, B, and C, respectively.

4. Press y [ENTRY] to recall the store

instruction, and then press y [ to recall the quadratic-formula expression,

−

−−bb ac

a+b

ENTRY] again

5. Press Í to find one solution for the

equation 2X

N X + 3 = 0.

6. Press y [ENTRY] repeatedly until this

quadratic-formula expression is displayed:

−

+−bb ac

7. Press Í to find the other solution for the

quadratic equation: 2X

Note: An alternative for solving equations for real numbers is to use the built-in Equation Solver (Chapter 2).

N X + 3 = 0.

8 Getting Started

Defining a Function: Box with Lid

Take a 20 cm. × 25 cm. sheet of paper and cut X × X squares from two corners. Cut X × 12.5 cm. rectangles from the other two corners as shown in the diagram below. Fold the paper into a box with a lid. What value of X would give your box the maximum volume V? Use the table and graphs to determine the solution.

Begin by defining a function that describes the volume of the box.

From the diagram: 2X + A = 20

2X + 2B = 25

V = A B X

Substituting: V = (20 N 2X) (25à 2 N X) X

1. Press o to display the Y= editor, which is

where you define functions for tables and graphing.

2. Press £ 20 ¹ 2 „ ¤ £ 25 ¥ 2 ¹

„ ¤ „ Í to define the volume function as

Y1 in terms of X.

„ lets you enter X quickly, without having to press ƒ. The highlighted indicates that

Y1 is selected.

= sign

X B X B

Getting Started 9

Defining a Table of Values: Box with Lid

The table feature of the TI-82 STATS displays numeric information about a function. You can use a table of values from the function defined on page 9 to estimate an answer to the problem.

1. Press y [

the

2. Press Í to accept TblStart=0.

3. Press 1 Í to define the table increment

@Tbl=1. Leave Indpnt: Auto and Depend: Auto so that the table will be

generated automatically.

4. Press y [TABLE] (above s) to display

the table.

Notice that the maximum value for volume) occurs when and 5.

5. Press and hold † to scroll the table until a

negative result for

Notice that the maximum length of X for this

roblem occurs where the sign of Y1 (box’s volume) changes from positive to negative, between

6. Press y [TBLSET].

Notice that TblStart has changed to 6 to reflect the first line of the table as it was last displayed. (In step 5, the first value of displayed in the table is 6.)

TBLSET] (above p) to display

TABLE SETUP menu.

Y1 (box’s

X is about 4, between 3

Y1 is displayed.

10 and 11.

10 Getting Started

Zooming In on the Table: Box with Lid

You can adjust the way a table is displayed to get more information about a defined function. With smaller values for

1. Press 3 Í to set TblStart. Press Ë 1 Í to set @Tbl.

This adjusts the table setup to get a more accurate estimate of

Y1.

X for maximum volume

2. Press y [TABLE].

3. Press † and } to scroll the table.

Notice that the maximum value for

410.26, which occurs at X=3.7. Therefore, the

maximum occurs where

4. Press y [TBLSET]. Press 3 Ë 6 Í to set

TblStart. Press Ë 01 Í to set @Tbl.

5. Press y [TABLE], and then press † and } to scroll the table.

Four equivalent maximum values are shown,

410.60 at X=3.67, 3.68, 3.69, and 3.70.

@Tbl, you can zoom in on the table.

Y1 is

3.6<X<3.8.

6. Press † and } to move the cursor to 3.67. Press ~ to move the cursor into the

column.

The value of bottom line in full precision as

Y1 at X=3.67 is displayed on the

410.261226.

7. Press † to display the other maximums.

The value of Y1 at X=3.68 in full precision is

410.264064, at X=3.69 is 410.262318, and at X=3.7 is 410.256.

The maximum volume of the box would occu at 3.68 if you could measure and cut the paper at .01-cm. increments.

Getting Started 11

Setting the Viewing Window: Box with Lid

You also can use the graphing features of the TI-82 STATS to find the maximum value of a previously defined function. When the graph is activated, the viewing window defines the displayed portion of the coordinate plane. The values of the window variables determine the size of the viewing window.

1. Press p to display the window editor, where you can view and edit the values of the window variables.

The standard window variables define the viewing window as shown.

Ymin, and Ymax define the boundaries of the

display.

Xscl and Yscl define the distance

Xmin, Xmax,

etween tick marks on the X and Y axes. Xres

controls resolution.

2. Press 0 Í to define Xmin.

3. Press 20 ¥ 2 to define Xmax using an expression.

4. Press Í. The expression is evaluated, and

10 is stored in Xmax. Press Í to accept Xscl as 1.

5. Press 0 Í 500 Í 100 Í 1 Í to define the remaining window variables.

Xmin

Ymax

Xscl

Xmax

Yscl

Ymin

12 Getting Started

Displaying and Tracing the Graph: Box with Lid

Now that you have defined the function to be graphed and the window in which to graph it, you can display and explore the graph. You can trace along a function using the

TRACE feature.

1. Press s to graph the selected function in the viewing window.

The graph of displayed.

2. Press ~ to activate the free-moving graph cursor.

The

X and Y coordinate values for the position

of the graph cursor are displayed on the bottom line.

3. Press |, ~, }, and † to move the freemoving cursor to the apparent maximum of the function.

As you move the cursor, the coordinate values are updated continually.

Y1=(20N2X)(25à2NX)X is

X and Y

Getting Started 13

Displaying and Tracing the Graph: Box with Lid (cont.)

4. Press r. The trace cursor is displayed on the

Y1 function.

The function that you are tracing is displayed in the top-left corner.

5. Press | and ~ to trace along a time, evaluating

Y1 at each X.

You also can enter your estimate for the maximum value of

6. Press 3 Ë 8. When you press a number key while in

TRACE, the X= prompt is displayed in

the bottom-left corner.

7. Press Í.

The trace cursor jumps to the point on the Y1 function evaluated at X=3.8.

8. Press | and ~ until you are on the maximum

Y value.

This is the maximum of Y1(X) for the X pixel values. The actual, precise maximum may lie between pixel values.

Y1, one X dot at

14 Getting Started

Zooming In on the Graph: Box with Lid

To help identify maximums, minimums, roots, and intersections of functions, you can magnify the viewing window at a specific location using the

1. Press q to display the ZOOM menu.

This menu is a typical TI-82 STATS menu. To select an item, you can either press the number or letter next to the item, or you can press † until the item number or letter is highlighted, and then press Í.

2. Press 2 to select 2:Zoom In.

The graph is displayed again. The cursor has changed to indicate that you are using a

ZOOM

instruction.

3. With the cursor near the maximum value of the function (as in step 8 on page 14), press Í.

The new viewing window is displayed. Both

XmaxNXmin and YmaxNYmin have been

adjusted by factors of 4, the default values for the zoom factors.

4. Press p to display the new window settings.

ZOOM instructions.

Getting Started 15

Finding the Calculated Maximum: Box with Lid

You can use a CALCULATE menu operation to calculate a local maximum of a function.

1. Press y [

CALCULATE menu. Press 4 to select 4:maximum.

The graph is displayed again with a

Left Bound? prompt.

2. Press | to trace along the curve to a point to the left of the maximum, and then press Í.

4 at the top of the screen indicates the

selected bound.

Right Bound? prompt is displayed.

3. Press ~ to trace along the curve to a point to the right of the maximum, and then press Í.

3 at the top of the screen indicates the

selected bound.

Guess? prompt is displayed.

4. Press | to trace to a point near the maximum, and then press Í.

Or, press a guess for the maximum.

When you press a number key in

X= prompt is displayed in the bottom-left

corner.

Notice how the values for the calculated maximum compare with the maximums found with the free-moving cursor, the trace cursor, and the table.

Note: In steps 2 and 3 above, you can enter values directly for Left Bound and Right Bound, in the same way as described in step 4.

CALC] (above r) to display the

3 Ë 8, and then press Í to enter

TRACE, the

16 Getting Started

Other TI-82 STATS Features

Getting Started has introduced you to basic TI-82 STATS operation. This guidebook describes in detail the features you used in Getting Started. It also covers the other features and capabilities of the TI-82 STATS.

Graphing

You can store, graph, and analyze up to 10 functions (Chapter

3), up to six parametric functions (Chapter 4), up to six polar functions (Chapter 5), and up to three sequences (Chapter 6). You can use

DRAW operations to annotate graphs (Chapter 8).

Sequences

Tables

Split Screen

Matrices

Lists

Statistics

You can generate sequences and graph them over time. Or, you can graph them as web plots or as phase plots (Chapter 6).

You can create function evaluation tables to analyze many functions simultaneously (Chapter 7).

You can split the screen horizontally to display both a graph and a related editor (such as the

Y= editor), the table, the stat list

editor, or the home screen. Also, you can split the screen vertically to display a graph and its table simultaneously (Chapter 9).

You can enter and save up to 10 matrices and perform standard matrix operations on them (Chapter 10).

You can enter and save as many lists as memory allows for use in statistical analyses. You can attach formulas to lists for automatic computation. You can use lists to evaluate expressions at multiple values simultaneously and to graph a family of curves (Chapter 11).

You can perform one- and two-variable, list-based statistical analyses, including logistic and sine regression analysis. You can plot the data as a histogram, xyLine, scatter plot, modified or regular box-and-whisker plot, or normal probability plot. You can define and store up to three stat plot definitions (Chapter

12).

Getting Started 17

Other TI-82 STATS Features (continued)

Inferential Statistics

Financial Functions

CATALOG

Programming

Linking to a PC or Macintoshë

You can perform 16 hypothesis tests and confidence intervals and 15 distribution functions. You can display hypothesis test results graphically or numerically (Chapter 13).

You can use time-value-of-money (

TVM) functions to analyze

financial instruments such as annuities, loans, mortgages, leases, and savings. You can analyze the value of money over equal time periods using cash flow functions. You can amortize loans with the amortization functions (Chapter 14).

The

CATALOG is a convenient, alphabetical list of all functions

and instructions on the TI-82 STATS. You can paste any function or instruction from the

CATALOG to the current cursor

location (Chapter 15).

You can enter and store programs that include extensive control and input/output instructions (Chapter 16).

You can connect your TI-82 STATS to a personal computer using TI Connect™ software and a TI Connectivity cable. The software is included on the CD in the TI-82 STATS package.

When you connect to the TI Connect™ software, the TI-82 STATS calculator will be identified by TI Connect™ as a TI-83 calculator. Everything else should function as expected.

For more information, consult the TI Connect™ Help.

The TI-82 STATS has a port to connect and communicate with another TI-82 STATS, a TI.82, the Calculator-Based Laboratoryé (CBLé) System, a Calculator-Based Rangeré (CBRé), or a personal computer. The unit-to-unit link cable is included with the TI-82 STATS (Chapter 19).

18 Getting Started

Operatin

Contents

the TI-82 STATS

Turning On and Turning Off the TI-82 STATS ................................. 2

Setting the Display Contrast The Display Entering Expressions and Instructions TI-82 STATS Edit Keys Setting Modes Using TI-82 STATS Variable Names Storing Variable Values Recalling Variable Values

ENTRY (Last Entry) Storage Area.............................................................. 16

Ans (Last Answer) Storage Area................................................................. 18

TI-82 STATS Menus

VARS and VARS Y.VARS Menus.............................................................. 21

Equation Operating System (EOSé) Error Conditions

................................................................................................................ 4

........................................................................................................... 9

...................................................................................................... 24

............................................................................ 3

...................................................... 6

..................................................................................... 8

....................................................... 13

..................................................................................... 14

................................................................................ 15

............................................................................................ 19

......................................................... 22

Operating the TI-82 STATS 1-1

Turning On and Turning Off the TI-82 STATS

Turning On the Calculator

Turning Off the Calculator

Batteries

To turn on the TI-82 STATS, press É.

• If you previously had turned off the calculator by pressing

OFF], the TI-82 STATS displays the home screen as it

y [ was when you last used it and clears any error.

• If Automatic Power Down™ (APDé) had previously turned

off the calculator, the TI-82 STATS will return exactly as you left it, including the display, cursor, and any error.

To prolong the life of the batteries, APD turns off the TI-82 STATS automatically after about five minutes without any activity.

To turn off the TI-82 STATS manually, press y [

OFF].

• All settings and memory contents are retained by Constant

Memoryé.

• Any error condition is cleared.

The TI-82 STATS uses four AAA alkaline batteries and has a user-replaceable backup lithium battery (CR1616 or CR1620). To replace batteries without losing any information stored in memory, follow the steps in Appendix B.

1-2 Operating the TI-82 STATS

Setting the Display Contrast

Adjusting the Display Contrast

When to Replace Batteries

You can adjust the display contrast to suit your viewing angle and lighting conditions. As you change the contrast setting, a number from

0 (lightest) to 9 (darkest) in the top-right corner indicates the

current level. You may not be able to see the number if contrast is too light or too dark.

Note: The TI-82 STATS has 40 contrast settings, so each number 0 through 9 represents four settings.

The TI-82 STATS retains the contrast setting in memory when it is turned off.

To adjust the contrast, follow these steps.

1. Press and release the y key.

2. Press and hold † or }, which are below and above the

contrast symbol (yellow, half-shaded circle).

• † lightens the screen.

• } darkens the screen.

Note: If you adjust the contrast setting to 0, the display may become completely blank. To restore the screen, press and release y, and then press and hold } until the display reappears.

When the batteries are low, a low-battery message is displayed when you turn on the calculator.

To replace the batteries without losing any information in memory, follow the steps in Appendix B.

Generally, the calculator will continue to operate for one or two weeks after the low-battery message is first displayed. After this period, the TI-82 STATS will turn off automatically and the unit will not operate. Batteries must be replaced. All memory is retained.

Note: The operating period following the first low-battery message could be longer than two weeks if you use the calculator infrequently.

Operating the TI-82 STATS 1-3

The Display

Types of Displays

Home Screen

Displaying Entries and Answers

The TI-82 STATS displays both text and graphs. Chapter 3 describes graphs. Chapter 9 describes how the TI-82 STATS can display a horizontally or vertically split screen to show graphs and text simultaneously.

The home screen is the primary screen of the TI-82 STATS. On this screen, enter instructions to execute and expressions to evaluate. The answers are displayed on the same screen.

When text is displayed, the TI-82 STATS screen can display a maximum of eight lines with a maximum of 16 characters per line. If all lines of the display are full, text scrolls off the top of the display. If an expression on the home screen, the

Y= editor

(Chapter 3), or the program editor (Chapter 16) is longer than one line, it wraps to the beginning of the next line. In numeric editors such as the window screen (Chapter 3), a long expression scrolls to the right and left.

When an entry is executed on the home screen, the answer is displayed on the right side of the next line.

Entr

nswer

The mode settings control the way the TI-82 STATS interprets expressions and displays answers (page 1.9).

If an answer, such as a list or matrix, is too long to display entirely on one line, an ellipsis (

...) is displayed to the right or

left. Press ~ and | to scroll the answer.

Entr

nswer

Returning to the Home Screen

Busy Indicator

To return to the home screen from any other screen, press y [

QUIT].

When the TI-82 STATS is calculating or graphing, a vertical moving line is displayed as a busy indicator in the top-right corner of the screen. When you pause a graph or a program, the busy indicator becomes a vertical moving dotted line.

1-4 Operating the TI-82 STATS

+ 412 hidden pages

Texas instruments TI-82 Stats User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Important

Table of Contents

Getting Started: Do This First!

TI-82 STATS Keyboard

TI-82 STATS Menus

First Steps

Entering a Calculation: The Quadratic Formula

Converting to a Fraction: The Quadratic Formula

Displaying Complex Results: The Quadratic Formula

Defining a Function: Box with Lid

Defining a Table of Values: Box with Lid

Zooming In on the Table: Box with Lid

Setting the Viewing Window: Box with Lid

Displaying and Tracing the Graph: Box with Lid

Zooming In on the Graph: Box with Lid

Finding the Calculated Maximum: Box with Lid

Other TI-82 STATS Features

Turning On and Turning Off the TI-82 STATS

Setting the Display Contrast

The Display