SEBU8325-01
July 2012
Operation and
Maintenance
Manual
1104D (Mech) Industrial Engine
NK (Engine)
NL (Engine)
NM (Engine)
Important Safety Information
Most accidents that involve product operation, maintenance and repair are caused by failure to observe basic safety rules or precautions. An accident can often be avoided by recognizing potentially hazardous situations before an accident occurs. A person must be alert to potential hazards. This person should also have the necessary training, skills and tools to perform these functions properly.
Improper operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair of this product can be dangerous and could result in injury or death.
Do not operate or perform any lubrication, maintenance or repair on this product, until you have read and understood the operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information.
Safety precautions and warnings are provided in this manual and on the product. If these hazard warnings are not heeded, bodily injury or death could occur to you or to other persons.
The hazards are identified by the “Safety Alert Symbol” and followed by a “Signal Word” such as “DANGER”, “WARNING” or “CAUTION”. The Safety Alert “WARNING” label is shown below.
The meaning of this safety alert symbol is as follows:
Attention! Become Alert! Your Safety is Involved.
The message that appears under the warning explains the hazard and can be either written or pictorially presented.
Operations that may cause product damage are identified by “NOTICE” labels on the product and in this publication.
Perkins cannot anticipate every possible circumstance that might involve a potential hazard. The warnings in this publication and on the product are, therefore, not all inclusive. If a tool, procedure, work method or operating technique that is not specifically recommended by Perkins is used,
you must satisfy yourself that it is safe for you and for others. You should also ensure that the product will not be damaged or be made unsafe by the operation, lubrication, maintenance or repair procedures that you choose.
The information, specifications, and illustrations in this publication are on the basis of information that was available at the time that the publication was written. The specifications, torques, pressures, measurements, adjustments, illustrations, and other items can change at any time. These changes can affect the service that is given to the product. Obtain the complete and most current information before you start any job. Perkins dealers or Perkins distributors have the most current information available.
When replacement parts are required for this product Perkins recommends using Perkins replacement parts.
Failure to heed this warning can lead to premature failures, product damage, personal injury or death.
SEBU8325-01 |
3 |
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Table of Contents |
Table of Contents |
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Foreword ................................................................. |
4 |
Safety Section |
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Safety Messages .................................................... |
5 |
General Hazard Information ................................... |
6 |
Burn Prevention ...................................................... |
8 |
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention .............. |
8 |
Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention ........ |
10 |
Before Starting Engine .......................................... |
10 |
Engine Starting ..................................................... |
10 |
Engine Stopping .................................................... |
11 |
Electrical System ................................................... |
11 |
Product Information Section |
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Model Views ......................................................... |
13 |
Product Identification Information ........................ |
18 |
Operation Section |
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Lifting and Storage ................................................ |
20 |
Gauges and Indicators .......................................... |
22 |
Features and Controls .......................................... |
23 |
Engine Starting ..................................................... |
24 |
Engine Operation .................................................. |
27 |
Engine Stopping ................................................... |
28 |
Cold Weather Operation ....................................... |
29 |
Maintenance Section |
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Refill Capacities .................................................... |
33 |
Maintenance Interval Schedule ............................ |
50 |
Warranty Section |
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Warranty Information ............................................ |
79 |
Index Section |
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Index ..................................................................... |
80 |
4 |
SEBU8325-01 |
Foreword |
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Foreword
Literature Information
This manual contains safety, operation instructions, lubrication and maintenance information. This manual should be stored in or near the engine area in a literature holder or literature storage area. Read, study and keep it with the literature and engine information.
English is the primary language for all Perkins publications. The English used facilitates translation and consistency.
Some photographs or illustrations in this manual show details or attachments that may be different from your engine. Guards and covers may have been removed for illustrative purposes. Continuing improvement and advancement of product design may have caused changes to your engine which are not included in this manual. Whenever a question arises regarding your engine, or this manual, please consult with your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for the latest available information.
Safety
This safety section lists basic safety precautions. In addition, this section identifies hazardous, warning situations. Read and understand the basic precautions listed in the safety section before
operating or performing lubrication, maintenance and repair on this product.
Operation
Operating techniques outlined in this manual are basic. They assist with developing the skills and techniques required to operate the engine more efficiently and economically. Skill and techniques develop as the operator gains knowledge of the engine and its capabilities.
The operation section is a reference for operators. Photographs and illustrations guide the operator through procedures of inspecting, starting, operating and stopping the engine. This section also includes a discussion of electronic diagnostic information.
Maintenance
The maintenance section is a guide to engine care. The illustrated, step-by-step instructions are grouped by service hours and/or calendar time maintenance intervals. Items in the maintenance schedule are referenced to detailed instructions that follow.
Recommended service should be performed at the appropriate intervals as indicated in the Maintenance Interval Schedule. The actual operating environment of the engine also governs the Maintenance Interval Schedule. Therefore, under extremely severe, dusty, wet or freezing cold operating conditions, more frequent lubrication and maintenance than is specified in the Maintenance Interval Schedule may be necessary.
The maintenance schedule items are organized for a preventive maintenance management program. If the preventive maintenance program is followed, a periodic tune-up is not required. The implementation of a preventive maintenance management program should minimize operating costs through cost avoidances resulting from reductions in unscheduled downtime and failures.
Maintenance Intervals
Perform maintenance on items at multiples of the original requirement. We recommend that the
maintenance schedules be reproduced and displayed near the engine as a convenient reminder. We also recommend that a maintenance record be maintained as part of the engine's permanent record.
Your authorized Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor can assist you in adjusting your maintenance schedule to meet the needs of your operating environment.
Overhaul
Major engine overhaul details are not covered in the Operation and Maintenance Manual except for the interval and the maintenance items in that
interval. Major repairs should only be carried out by Perkins authorized personnel. Your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor offers a variety of options regarding overhaul programs. If you experience
a major engine failure, there are also numerous after failure overhaul options available. Consult with your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for information regarding these options.
California Proposition 65 Warning
Diesel engine exhaust and some of its constituents are known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, and other reproductive harm. Battery posts, terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds. Wash hands after handling.
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Safety Section |
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Safety Messages |
Safety Section
The Universal Warning label (2) is located on the rear end of the valve mechanism cover. Refer to illustration 2.
i02690461
Safety Messages
There may be several specific warning signs on your engine. The exact location and a description of the warning signs are reviewed in this section. Please become familiar with all warning signs.
Ensure that all of the warning signs are legible. Clean the warning signs or replace the warning signs if the words cannot be read or if the illustrations are not visible. Use a cloth, water, and soap to clean the warning signs. Do not use solvents, gasoline, or other harsh chemicals. Solvents, gasoline, or harsh chemicals could loosen the adhesive that secures the warning signs. The warning signs that are loosened could drop off of the engine.
Replace any warning sign that is damaged or missing. If a warning sign is attached to a part of the engine that is replaced, install a new warning sign on the replacement part. Your Perkins dealer or your distributor can provide new warning signs.
(1) Universal Warning
Do not operate or work on this equipment unless you have read and understand the instructions and warnings in the Operation and Maintenance Manuals. Failure to follow the instructions or heed the warnings could result in serious injury or death.
Illustration 1 |
g01154807 |
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Typical example |
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SEBU8325-01 |
Safety Section |
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General Hazard Information |
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Illustration 2 |
g01353108 |
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(1) Ether Warning Label |
(2) Universal warning |
(2) Ether |
i02677370 |
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General Hazard Information |
Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as ether. Such use could result in an explosion and personal injury.
Illustration 3 |
g01154809 |
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Typical example |
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The ether warning label (1) is located on the inlet manifold cover. Refer to illustration 2.
Illustration 4 |
g00104545 |
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Attach a “Do Not Operate” warning tag or a similar warning tag to the start switch or to the controls before you service the equipment or before you repair the equipment.
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Safety Section |
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General Hazard Information |
Illustration 5 |
g00702020 |
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Wear a hard hat, protective glasses, and other protective equipment, as required.
Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry that can snag on controls or on other parts of the engine.
Make sure that all protective guards and all covers are secured in place on the engine.
Keep the engine free from foreign material. Remove debris, oil, tools, and other items from the deck, from walkways, and from steps.
Never put maintenance fluids into glass containers. Drain all liquids into a suitable container.
Obey all local regulations for the disposal of liquids.
Use all cleaning solutions with care.
Report all necessary repairs.
Do not allow unauthorized personnel on the equipment.
Ensure that the power supply is disconnected before you work on the bus bar or the glow plugs.
Perform maintenance on the engine with the equipment in the servicing position. Refer to the OEM information for the procedure for placing the equipment in the servicing position.
Pressure Air and Water
Pressurized air and/or water can cause debris and/or hot water to be blown out. This could result in personal injury.
The direct application of pressurized air or pressurized water to the body could result in personal injury.
When pressurized air and/or water is used for cleaning, wear protective clothing, protective shoes, and eye protection. Eye protection includes goggles or a protective face shield.
The maximum air pressure for cleaning purposes must be below 205 kPa (30 psi). The maximum water pressure for cleaning purposes must be below 275 kPa (40 psi).
Fluid Penetration
Pressure can be trapped in the hydraulic circuit long after the engine has been stopped. The pressure can cause hydraulic fluid or items such as pipe plugs to escape rapidly if the pressure is not relieved correctly.
Do not remove any hydraulic components or parts until pressure has been relieved or personal injury may occur. Do not disassemble any hydraulic components or parts until pressure has been relieved or personal injury may occur. Refer to the OEM information for any procedures that are required to relieve the hydraulic pressure.
Illustration 6 |
g00687600 |
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Always use a board or cardboard when you check for a leak. Leaking fluid that is under pressure can penetrate body tissue. Fluid penetration can cause serious injury and possible death. A pin hole leak can cause severe injury. If fluid is injected into your skin, you must get treatment immediately. Seek treatment from a doctor that is familiar with this type of injury.
Containing Fluid Spillage
Care must be taken in order to ensure that fluids are contained during performance of inspection, maintenance, testing, adjusting and repair of the engine. Make provision to collect the fluid with a suitable container before any compartment is opened or before any component is disassembled.
•Only use the tools that are suitable for collecting fluids and equipment that is suitable for collecting fluids.
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SEBU8325-01 |
Safety Section |
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Burn Prevention |
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•Only use the tools that are suitable for containing fluids and equipment that is suitable for containing fluids.
Obey all local regulations for the disposal of liquids.
i02143195
Burn Prevention
Do not touch any part of an operating engine. Allow the engine to cool before any maintenance is performed on the engine. Relieve all pressure in the air system, in the hydraulic system, in the lubrication system, in the fuel system, or in the cooling system before any lines, fittings or related items are disconnected.
Coolant
i02813488
Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention
Illustration 7 |
g00704000 |
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When the engine is at operating temperature, the engine coolant is hot. The coolant is also under pressure. The radiator and all lines to the heaters or to the engine contain hot coolant.
Any contact with hot coolant or with steam can cause severe burns. Allow cooling system components to cool before the cooling system is drained.
Check the coolant level after the engine has stopped and the engine has been allowed to cool.
Ensure that the filler cap is cool before removing the filler cap. The filler cap must be cool enough to touch with a bare hand. Remove the filler cap slowly in order to relieve pressure.
Cooling system conditioner contains alkali. Alkali can cause personal injury. Do not allow alkali to contact the skin, the eyes, or the mouth.
Oils
Hot oil and hot lubricating components can cause personal injury. Do not allow hot oil to contact the skin. Also, do not allow hot components to contact the skin.
Batteries
Electrolyte is an acid. Electrolyte can cause personal injury. Do not allow electrolyte to contact the skin or the eyes. Always wear protective glasses for servicing batteries. Wash hands after touching the batteries and connectors. Use of gloves is recommended.
All fuels, most lubricants, and some coolant mixtures are flammable.
Flammable fluids that are leaking or spilled onto hot surfaces or onto electrical components can cause a fire. Fire may cause personal injury and property damage.
A flash fire may result if the covers for the engine crankcase are removed within fifteen minutes after an emergency shutdown.
Determine whether the engine will be operated in an environment that allows combustible gases to be drawn into the air inlet system. These gases could cause the engine to overspeed. Personal injury, property damage, or engine damage could result.
If the application involves the presence of combustible gases, consult your Perkins dealer and/or your Perkins distributor for additional information about suitable protection devices.
Remove all flammable combustible materials or conductive materials such as fuel, oil, and debris from the engine. Do not allow any flammable combustible materials or conductive materials to accumulate on the engine.
Store fuels and lubricants in correctly marked containers away from unauthorized persons. Store oily rags and any flammable materials in protective containers. Do not smoke in areas that are used for storing flammable materials.
Do not expose the engine to any flame.
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Safety Section |
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Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention |
Exhaust shields (if equipped) protect hot exhaust components from oil or fuel spray in case of a line, a tube, or a seal failure. Exhaust shields must be installed correctly.
Do not weld on lines or tanks that contain flammable fluids. Do not flame cut lines or tanks that contain flammable fluid. Clean any such lines or tanks thoroughly with a nonflammable solvent prior to welding or flame cutting.
Wiring must be kept in good condition. All electrical wires must be correctly routed and securely attached. Check all electrical wires daily. Repair any wires that are loose or frayed before you operate the engine. Clean all electrical connections and tighten all electrical connections.
Eliminate all wiring that is unattached or unnecessary. Do not use any wires or cables that are smaller than the recommended gauge. Do not bypass any fuses and/or circuit breakers.
Arcing or sparking could cause a fire. Secure connections, recommended wiring, and correctly maintained battery cables will help to prevent arcing or sparking.
Inspect all lines and hoses for wear or for deterioration. The hoses must be correctly routed. The lines and hoses must have adequate support and secure clamps. Tighten all connections to the recommended torque. Leaks can cause fires.
Oil filters and fuel filters must be correctly installed. The filter housings must be tightened to the correct torque.
Use caution when you are refueling an engine. Do not smoke while you are refueling an engine. Do not refuel an engine near open flames or sparks. Always stop the engine before refueling.
Illustration 9 |
g00704135 |
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Gases from a battery can explode. Keep any open flames or sparks away from the top of a battery. Do not smoke in battery charging areas.
Never check the battery charge by placing a metal object across the terminal posts. Use a voltmeter or a hydrometer.
Incorrect jumper cable connections can cause an explosion that can result in injury. Refer to the Operation Section of this manual for specific instructions.
Do not charge a frozen battery. This may cause an explosion.
The batteries must be kept clean. The covers (if equipped) must be kept on the cells. Use the
recommended cables, connections, and battery box covers when the engine is operated.
Fire Extinguisher
Make sure that a fire extinguisher is available. Be familiar with the operation of the fire extinguisher. Inspect the fire extinguisher and service the fire extinguisher regularly. Obey the recommendations on the instruction plate.
Illustration 8 |
g00704059 |
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SEBU8325-01 |
Safety Section |
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Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention |
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Lines, Tubes and Hoses
Do not bend high pressure lines. Do not strike high pressure lines. Do not install any lines that are bent or damaged. Do not clip any other items to the high pressure lines.
Repair any lines that are loose or damaged. Leaks can cause fires. Consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for repair or for replacement parts.
Check lines, tubes and hoses carefully. Do not use your bare hand to check for leaks. Use a board or cardboard to check for leaks. Tighten all connections to the recommended torque.
Replace the parts if any of the following conditions are present:
•End fittings are damaged or leaking.
•Outer coverings are chafed or cut.
•Wires are exposed.
•Outer coverings are ballooning.
•Flexible part of the hoses are kinked.
•Outer covers have embedded armoring.
•End fittings are displaced.
Make sure that all clamps, guards, and heat shields are installed correctly. During engine operation, this will help to prevent vibration, rubbing against other parts, and excessive heat.
i02143194
When objects are struck, wear protective glasses in order to avoid injury to the eyes.
Chips or other debris may fly off objects when objects are struck. Before objects are struck, ensure that no one will be injured by flying debris.
i02675470
Before Starting Engine
The initial start-up of a new engine or a engine that has been serviced or repaired make provision to shut the engine off, in order to stop an overspeed. This may be accomplished by shutting off the air and/or fuel supply to the engine.
Overspeed shutdown should occur automatically for engines that are controlled electronically. If automatic shutdown does not occur, press the emergency stop button in order to cut the fuel and/or air to the engine.
Inspect the engine for potential hazards.
Before starting the engine, ensure that no one is on, underneath, or close to the engine. Ensure that the area is free of personnel.
If equipped, ensure that the lighting system for the engine is suitable for the conditions. Ensure that all lights work correctly, if equipped.
All protective guards and all protective covers must be installed if the engine must be started in order to perform service procedures. To help prevent an accident that is caused by parts in rotation, work around the parts carefully.
Crushing Prevention and
Cutting Prevention
Support the component correctly when work beneath the component is performed.
Unless other maintenance instructions are provided, never attempt adjustments while the engine is running.
Stay clear of all rotating parts and of all moving parts. Leave the guards in place until maintenance is performed. After the maintenance is performed, reinstall the guards.
Keep objects away from moving fan blades. The fan blades will throw objects or cut objects.
Do not bypass the automatic shutoff circuits. Do not disable the automatic shutoff circuits. The circuits are provided in order to help prevent personal injury. The circuits are also provided in order to help prevent engine damage.
See the Service Manual for repairs and for adjustments.
i02678897
Engine Starting
Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as ether. Such use could result in an explosion and personal injury.
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Safety Section |
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Engine Stopping |
If a warning tag is attached to the engine start switch or to the controls, DO NOT start the engine or move the controls. Consult with the person that attached the warning tag before the engine is started.
All protective guards and all protective covers must be installed if the engine must be started in order to perform service procedures. To help prevent an accident that is caused by parts in rotation, work around the parts carefully.
Start the engine from the operator's compartment or from the engine start switch.
Always start the engine according to the procedure that is described in the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Engine Starting” topic in the Operation Section. Knowing the correct procedure will help to prevent major damage to the engine components. Knowing the procedure will also help to prevent personal injury.
To ensure that the jacket water heater (if equipped) and/or the lube oil heater (if equipped) is working correctly, check the water temperature gauge and the oil temperature gauge during the heater operation.
Engine exhaust contains products of combustion which can be harmful to your health. Always start the engine and operate the engine in a well ventilated area. If the engine is started in an enclosed area, vent the engine exhaust to the outside.
Note: The engine is equipped with an automatic device for cold starting for normal conditions of operation. If the engine will be operated in very cold conditions, then an extra cold starting aid may be required. Normally, the engine will be equipped with the correct type of starting aid for your region of operation.
The engines are equipped with a glow plug starting aid in each individual cylinder that heats the intake air in order to improve starting.
i02678838
Use the Emergency Stop Button (if equipped) ONLY in an emergency situation. Do not use the Emergency Stop Button for normal engine stopping. After an emergency stop, DO NOT start the engine until the problem that caused the emergency stop has been corrected.
Stop the engine if an overspeed condition occurs during the initial start-up of a new engine or an engine that has been overhauled. This may be accomplished by shutting off the fuel supply to the engine and/or shutting off the air supply to the engine.
i02176668
Electrical System
Never disconnect any charging unit circuit or battery circuit cable from the battery when the charging unit is operating. A spark can cause the combustible gases that are produced by some batteries to ignite.
To help prevent sparks from igniting combustible gases that are produced by some batteries, the negative “−” jump start cable should be connected last from the external power source to the negative “−” terminal of the starting motor. If the starting motor is not equipped with a negative “−” terminal, connect the jump start cable to the engine block.
Check the electrical wires daily for wires that are loose or frayed. Tighten all loose electrical wires before the engine is started. Repair all frayed electrical wires before the engine is started. See the Operation and Maintenance Manual for specific starting instructions.
Grounding Practices
Correct grounding for the engine electrical system is necessary for optimum engine performance and reliability. Incorrect grounding will result in
uncontrolled electrical circuit paths and in unreliable electrical circuit paths.
Engine Stopping
Stop the engine according to the procedure in the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Engine Stopping (Operation Section)” in order to avoid overheating of the engine and accelerated wear of the engine components.
Uncontrolled electrical circuit paths can result in damage to main bearings, to crankshaft bearing journal surfaces, and to aluminum components.
Engines that are installed without engine-to-frame ground straps can be damaged by electrical discharge.
To ensure that the engine and the engine electrical systems function correctly, an engine-to-frame ground strap with a direct path to the battery must be used. This path may be provided by way of a direct engine ground to the frame.
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Safety Section |
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Electrical System |
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All grounds should be tight and free of corrosion. The |
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engine alternator must be grounded to the negative |
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“-” battery terminal with a wire that is adequate to |
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handle the full charging current of the alternator. |
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Product Information Section |
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Model Views |
Product Information
Section
Model Views
i02693072
Model View Illustrations
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Product Information Section |
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Model Views |
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1104 Engine Model Views
Illustration 10 |
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g01351713 |
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Typical example |
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(1) |
Pulley |
(5) Valve Mechanism Cover |
(9) Fuel Injection Pump |
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(2) |
Alternator |
(6) |
Rear Lifting Eye |
(10) |
Oil Filter |
(3) |
Front Lifting Eye |
(7) |
Air Intake |
(11) Crankshaft Pulley |
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(4) |
Water Outlet |
(8) |
Secondary Fuel Filter |
(12) |
Water Pump |
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Product Information Section |
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Model Views |
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Illustration 11 |
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g01352705 |
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(13) Flywheel |
(17) |
Turbocharger |
(21) |
Oil Drain Plug |
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(14) |
Flywheel Housing |
(18) |
Oil Gauge |
(22) |
Primary Fuel Filter |
(15) |
Oil Filler Cap |
(19) |
Oil Pan |
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(16) |
Exhaust Manifold |
(20) |
Starting motor |
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Note: The primary fuel filter may be mounted off the engine.
i04430909
Engine Description
The engines are available in the following types of aspiration:
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Product Information Section |
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Model Views |
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•Turbocharged aftercooled
•Turbocharged
•Naturally aspirated
Engine Specifications
Note: The front end of the engine is opposite the flywheel end of the engine. The left and the right sides of the engine are determined from the flywheel end. The number 1 cylinder is the front cylinder.
Illustration 12 |
g00984281 |
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A typical example of the layout of the valves |
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(A) Inlet valves |
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(B) Exhaust valves |
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Emissions Control Systems
NK - Direct Diesel Injection
NL - Turbocharger, Direct Diesel Injection
NM - Turbocharger with Air to Air Charge Cooler, Direct Diesel Injection
Table 1
1104D (Mech) Industrial Engine Specifications
Number of Cylinders |
4 In-Line |
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Bore |
105 mm (4.134 inch) |
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Stroke |
127 mm (5.0 inch) |
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Aspiration |
Naturally aspirated |
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Turbocharged |
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Turbocharged aftercooled |
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Compression Ratio |
NA 19.3:1 |
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T, TA 18.2:1 |
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Displacement |
4.4 L (268 in 3) |
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Firing Order |
1 3 4 2 |
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Rotation (flywheel end) |
Counterclockwise |
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Valve Lash Setting (Inlet) |
0.20 mm (0.008 inch) |
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Valve Lash Setting |
0.45 mm (0.018 inch) |
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(Exhaust) |
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Engine Cooling and Lubrication
The cooling system consists of the following components:
•Gear-driven centrifugal water pump
•Water temperature regulator which regulates the engine coolant temperature
•Gear-driven oil pump (gear type)
•Oil cooler
The engine lubricating oil is supplied by a gear type pump. The engine lubricating oil is cooled and the engine lubricating oil is filtered. Bypass valves provide unrestricted flow of lubrication oil to the
engine parts when oil viscosity is high. Bypass valves can also provide unrestricted flow of lubrication oil to the engine parts if the oil cooler should become plugged or if the oil filter element should become plugged.
Engine efficiency, efficiency of emission controls, and engine performance depend on adherence to proper operation and maintenance recommendations.
Engine performance and efficiency also depend on the use of recommended fuels, lubrication oils, and coolants. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule” for more information on maintenance items.
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Product Information Section |
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Model Views |
Engine Service Life
Engine efficiency and maximum utilization of engine performance depend on the adherence to proper operation and maintenance recommendations. In addition, use recommended fuels, coolants, and lubricants. Use the Operation and Maintenance Manual as a guide for required engine maintenance.
Expected engine life is generally predicted by the average power that is demanded. The average power that is demanded is based on fuel consumption of the engine over a time period. Reduced hours of operation at full throttle and/or operating at reduced throttle settings result in a lower average power demand. Reduced hours of operation will increase the length of operating time before an engine overhaul is required.
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Product Information Section |
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Product Identification Information |
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Product Identification
Information
i02680910
Engine Identification
Perkins engines are identified by a serial number. This number is shown on a serial number plate that is mounted on the left hand side of the engine block.
An example of an engine number is
NK12345U090001P.
NK __________________________________________Type of engine
NK12345____________________________Engine List Number
U ____________________________Built in the United Kingdom
090001 ___________________________Engine Serial Number
Illustration 14 |
g01347465 |
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Typical serial number plate |
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(2)Temporary Parts List number
(3)List number
(4)Serial number
(5)Type
The Serial Number Plate (1) is located on the left side of the cylinder block to the rear of the engine.
P _____________________________________Year of Manufacture
Perkins dealers need these numbers in order to determine the components that were included with the engine. This permits accurate identification of replacement part numbers.
The following information is stamped on the Serial Number Plate: Engine serial number, Model, and Arrangement number.
i02677372
Reference Numbers
i02681468
Serial Number Plate
Information for the following items may be needed to order parts. Locate the information for your engine. Record the information in the appropriate space. Make a copy of this list for a record. Keep the information for future reference.
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Record for Reference |
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Engine Model _______________________________________________ |
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Engine Serial number _____________________________________ |
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Engine Low Idle rpm ______________________________________ |
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Engine Full Load rpm _____________________________________ |
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Primary Fuel Filter _________________________________________ |
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Water Separator Element ________________________________ |
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Secondary Fuel Filter Element __________________________ |
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Lubrication Oil Filter Element ___________________________ |
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Illustration 13 |
g01347087 |
Auxiliary Oil Filter Element _______________________________ |
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Location of serial number plate
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Product Information Section |
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Product Identification Information |
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Total Lubrication System Capacity _____________________ |
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Total Cooling System Capacity _________________________ |
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Air Cleaner Element _______________________________________ |
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Fan Drive Belt ______________________________________________ |
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Alternator Belt ______________________________________________ |
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i02690481
Emissions Certification Film
Illustration 15 |
g01350379 |
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Typical example |
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SEBU8325-01 |
Operation Section |
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Lifting and Storage |
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Operation Section
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Product Storage
Lifting and Storage
Product Lifting
Perkins are not responsible for damage which may
i02677363 occur when an engine is in storage after a period in service.
Your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor can assist in preparing the engine for extended storage periods.
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NOTICE
Never bend the eyebolts and the brackets. Only load the eyebolts and the brackets under tension. Remember that the capacity of an eyebolt is less as the angle between the supporting members and the object becomes less than 90 degrees.
When it is necessary to remove a component at an angle, only use a link bracket that is properly rated for the weight.
Use a hoist to remove heavy components. Use an adjustable lifting beam to lift the engine. All
supporting members (chains and cables) should be parallel to each other. The chains and cables should be perpendicular to the top of the object that is being lifted.
Some removals require lifting the fixtures in order to obtain proper balance and safety.
To remove the engine ONLY, use the lifting eyes that are on the engine.
Lifting eyes are designed and installed for specific engine arrangements. Alterations to the lifting eyes and/or the engine make the lifting eyes and the lifting fixtures obsolete. If alterations are made, ensure that proper lifting devices are provided. Consult your Perkins dealer for information regarding fixtures for proper engine lifting.
Condition for Storage
The engine must be stored in a water proof building. The building must be kept at a constant temperature. Engines that are filled with Perkins ELC will have coolant protection to an ambient temperature of −36° C (−32.8° F). The engine must not be subjected to extreme variations in temperature and humidity.
Storage Period
An engine can be stored for up to 6 months provided all the recommendation are adhered to.
Storage Procedure
Keep a record of the procedure that has been completed on the engine.
Note: Do not store an engine that has biodiesel in the fuel system.
1.Ensure that the engine is clean and dry.
a.If the engine has been operated using biodiesel, the system must be drained and new filters installed. The fuel tank will require flushing.
b.Fill the fuel system with an acceptable fuel. For more information on acceptable fuels refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid recommendations”. Operate the engine for 15 minutes in order to remove all biodiesel from the system.
2.Drain any water from the primary filter water separator. Ensure that the fuel tank is full.
3.The engine oil will not need to be drained in order to store the engine. Provided the correct specification of engine oil is used the engine can be stored for up to 6 months. For the correct specification of engine oil refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid recommendations”.
4.Remove the drive belt from the engine.
SEBU8325-01
Sealed Coolant System
Ensure that the cooling system is filled with Perkins ELC, or an antifreeze that meets “ASTM D6210” specification.
Open Cooling System
Ensure that all cooling drain plugs have been opened. Allow the coolant to drain. Install the drain plugs. Place a vapor phase inhibitor into the system. The coolant system must be sealed once the vapor phase inhibitor has been introduced. The effect of the vapor phase inhibitor will be lost if the cooling system is open to the atmosphere.
For maintenance procedures refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual.
Monthly Checks
The crankshaft must be rotated in order to change the spring loading on the valve train. Rotate the crankshaft more than 180 degrees. Visibly check for damage or corrosion to the engine.
Ensure that the engine is covered completely before storage. Log the procedure in the record for the engine.
21 Operation Section Lifting and Storage
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Operation Section |
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Gauges and Indicators |
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Gauges and Indicators
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Gauges and Indicators
1.Reduce the load and the engine rpm.
2.Inspect the cooling system for leaks.
3.Determine if the engine must be shut down immediately or if the engine can be cooled by reducing the load.
Your engine may not have the same gauges or all of the gauges that are described. For more information about the gauge package, see the OEM information.
Gauges provide indications of engine performance. Ensure that the gauges are in good working order. Determine the normal operating range by observing the gauges over a period of time.
Noticeable changes in gauge readings indicate potential gauge or engine problems. Problems may also be indicated by gauge readings that change even if the readings are within specifications. Determine and correct the cause of any significant change in the readings. Consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for assistance.
NOTICE
If no oil pressure is indicated, STOP the engine. If maximum coolant temperature is exceeded, STOP the engine. Engine damage can result.
Engine Oil Pressure – The oil pressure should be greatest after a cold engine is started. The typical engine oil pressure with
SAE10W30 is 207 to 413 kPa (30 to 60 psi) at rated rpm.
A lower oil pressure is normal at low idle. If the load is stable and the gauge reading changes, perform the following procedure:
1.Remove the load.
2.Reduce engine speed to low idle.
3.Check and maintain the oil level.
Jacket Water Coolant Temperature –
Typical temperature range is 71 to 96°C (160 to 205°F). The maximum allowable
temperature with the pressurized cooling system at 48 kPa (7 psi) is 110°C (230°F). Higher temperatures may occur under certain conditions. The water temperature reading may vary according to load. The reading should never exceed the boiling point for the pressurized system that is being used.
If the engine is operating above the normal range and steam becomes apparent, perform the following procedure:
Tachometer – This gauge indicates engine speed (rpm). When the throttle control lever is moved to the full throttle position without
load, the engine is running at high idle. The engine is running at the full load rpm when the throttle control lever is at the full throttle position with maximum rated load.
NOTICE
To help prevent engine damage, never exceed the high idle rpm. Overspeeding can result in serious damage to the engine. The engine can be operated at high idle without damage, but should never be allowed to exceed high idle rpm.
Ammeter – This gauge indicates the amount of charge or discharge in the battery charging circuit. Operation of the
indicator should be to the right side of “0” (zero).
Fuel Level – This gauge indicates the fuel level in the fuel tank. The fuel level gauge operates when the “START/STOP” switch
is in the “ON” position.
Service Hour Meter – The gauge indicates operating time of the engine.
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Operation Section |
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Features and Controls |
Features and Controls
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Fuel Shutoff
The fuel shutoff solenoid is located on the fuel injection pump.
When the fuel shutoff solenoid is activated, the solenoid moves to the “Open” position.
When the fuel shutoff solenoid is deactivated, the solenoid moves to the “Closed” position.
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Operation Section |
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Engine Starting |
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Engine Starting
•Do not start the engine or move any of the controls if there is a “DO NOT OPERATE” warning tag or similar warning tag attached to the start switch or
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Before Starting Engine
Before the engine is started, perform the required daily maintenance and any other periodic maintenance that is due. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule” for more information.
•For the maximum service life of the engine, make a thorough inspection within the engine compartment before the engine is started. Look for the following items: oil leaks, coolant leaks, loose bolts, and excessive dirt and/or grease. Remove any excess dirt and/or grease buildup. Repair any faults that were identified during the inspection.
•Inspect the cooling system hoses for cracks and for loose clamps.
•Inspect the alternator and accessory drive belts for cracks, breaks, and other damage.
•Inspect the wiring for loose connections and for worn wires or frayed wires.
•Check the fuel supply. Drain water from the water separator (if equipped). Open the fuel supply valve (if equipped).
NOTICE
All valves in the fuel return line must be open before and during engine operation to help prevent high fuel pressure. High fuel pressure may cause filter housing failure or other damage.
If the engine has not been started for several weeks, fuel may have drained from the fuel system. Air may have entered the filter housing. Also, when fuel filters have been changed, some air pockets will be trapped in the engine. In these instances, prime the fuel system. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System - Prime” for more information on priming the fuel system.
Engine exhaust contains products of combustion which may be harmful to your health. Always start and operate the engine in a well ventilated area and, if in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the outside.
•Ensure that the areas around the rotating parts are clear.
•All of the guards must be put in place. Check for damaged guards or for missing guards. Repair any damaged guards. Replace damaged guards and/or missing guards.
•Disconnect any battery chargers that are not protected against the high current drain that is created when the electric starting motor is
engaged. Check electrical cables and check the battery for poor connections and for corrosion.
•Reset all of the shutoffs or alarm components (if equipped).
•Check the engine lubrication oil level. Maintain the oil level between the “MIN” mark and the “MAX” mark on the engine oil level gauge.
•Check the coolant level. Observe the coolant level in the header tank (if equipped). Maintain the coolant level to the “FULL” mark on the header tank.
•If the engine is not equipped with a header tank maintain the coolant level within 13 mm (0.5 inch) of the bottom of the filler pipe. If the engine is equipped with a sight glass, maintain the coolant level in the sight glass.
•Observe the air cleaner service indicator (if equipped). Service the air cleaner when the yellow diaphragm enters the red zone, or when the red piston locks in the visible position.
•Ensure that any equipment that is driven by the engine has been disengaged from the engine. Minimize electrical loads or remove any electrical loads.
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Operation Section |
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Engine Starting |
Starting the Engine
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Note: If it is possible, first diagnose the reason for the |
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starting failure. Make any necessary repairs. If the |
engine will not start only due to the condition of the battery, either charge the battery, or start the engine with jump start cables.
The condition of the battery can be rechecked after the engine has been switched OFF.
Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as ether. Such use could result in an explosion and personal injury.
Refer to the OEM for your type of controls. Use the following procedure to start the engine.
1.If equipped, move the throttle lever to the full throttle position before you start the engine.
NOTICE
Do not crank the engine for more than 30 seconds. Allow the electric starting motor to cool for two minutes before cranking the engine again.
2.Turn the engine start switch to the START position. Hold the engine start switch in the START position and crank the engine.
3.When the engine starts, release the engine start switch.
4.If equipped, slowly move the throttle lever to the low idle position and allow the engine to idle. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “After Starting Engine” topic.
5.If the engine does not start, release the engine start switch and allow the electric starting motor to cool. Then, repeat steps 2 through step 4.
6.Turn the engine start switch to the OFF position in order to stop the engine.
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NOTICE
Using a battery source with the same voltage as the electric starting motor. Use ONLY equal voltage for jump starting. The use of higher voltage will damage the electrical system.
Do not reverse the battery cables. The alternator can be damaged. Attach ground cable last and remove first.
When using an external electrical source to start the engine, turn the generator set control switch to the “OFF” position. Turn all electrical accessories OFF before attaching the jump start cables.
Ensure that the main power switch is in the OFF position before attaching the jump start cables to the engine being started.
1.Turn the start switch to the OFF position. Turn off all the engine's accessories.
2.Connect one positive end of the jump start cable to the positive cable terminal of the discharged battery. Connect the other positive end of the jump start cable to the positive cable terminal of the electrical source.
3.Connect one negative end of the jump start cable to the negative cable terminal of the electrical source. Connect the other negative end of the jump start cable to the engine block or to the chassis ground. This procedure helps to prevent potential sparks from igniting the combustible gases that are produced by some batteries.
Starting with Jump Start Cables
Improper jump start cable connections can cause an explosion resulting in personal injury.
Prevent sparks near the batteries. Sparks could cause vapors to explode. Do not allow jump start cable ends to contact each other or the engine.
4.Start the engine.
5.Immediately after the stalled engine is started, disconnect the jump start cables in reverse order.
After jump starting, the alternator may not be able to fully recharge batteries that are severely discharged. The batteries must be replaced or charged to the correct voltage with a battery charger after the engine is stopped. Many batteries which are considered unusable are still rechargeable. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Battery - Replace” and Testing and Adjusting Manual, “Battery - Test”.
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SEBU8325-01 |
Operation Section |
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Engine Starting |
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After Starting Engine
Note: In temperatures from 0 to 60°C (32 to 140°F), the warm-up time is approximately three minutes. In temperatures below 0°C (32°F), additional warm-up time may be required.
When the engine idles during warm-up, observe the following conditions:
•Check for any fluid or for any air leaks at idle rpm and at one-half full rpm (no load on the engine) before operating the engine under load. This is not possible in some applications.
•Operate the engine at low idle until all systems achieve operating temperatures. Check all gauges during the warm-up period.
Note: Gauge readings should be observed and the data should be recorded frequently while the engine is operating. Comparing the data over time will help to determine normal readings for each gauge. Comparing data over time will also help
detect abnormal operating developments. Significant changes in the readings should be investigated.
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