Operating and Programming Manual
HP 8560A/8561B/8563A
Portable Spectrum Analyzers
FJ/;. HEWLETT
~~PACKARD
HP Part No. 5960-6561 Microfiche Part No. 5960-6565
Printed in USA November 1991
@Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 1990, 1991
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.
1212 Valley House Drive, Rohnert Park, CA 94928-4999, USA
Certification
Hewlett-Packard Company certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory. HewlettPackard further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by the Institute's calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members.
Warranty
This Hewlett-Packard instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment. During the warranty period, Hewlett-Packard Company will, at its option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.
For warranty service m repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Hewlett-Packard. Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Hewlett-Packard and Hewlett-Packard shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Hewlett-Packard from another cou~try.
Hewlett-Packard warrants that its software and firmware designated by Hewlett-Packard for use with an instrument will execute its programming instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Hewlett-Packard does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software, or firmware will be uninterrupted or error-free.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.
NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. HEWLETT-PACKARD SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
ExcLUSIVE REMEDIES
THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES. HEWLETT-PACKARD SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.
Assistance
Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Hewlett-Packard products.
For any assistance, contact your nearest Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office.
iii
HP 856X Spectrum Analyzer Documentation Outline
Instruments of the HP 856X family of spectrum analyzers are documented to varying levels of detail. Certain documents cover several instruments and others are unique to an individual instrument. The available documentation is described below.
Manuals Supplied with the Instrument
Installation and Verification Manual
Installation and verification manuals are unique to given instrument. Topics covered by this manual include installation, specifications, verification of spectrum analyzer operation, and what to do if a failure occurs.
Operation and Programming Manual
This is a generic manual applicable to the HP 8560A, HP 8561B, and HP 8563A instruments. Topics include preparation for use, spectrum analyzer functions, and softkey definitions, programming fundamentals and definitions for remote programming commands.
Quick Reference Guide
The Quick Reference Guide is an abbreviated version of the operating and programming manual providing a list of all remote programming commands.
Manuals Available Separately
Service Manual
This manual provides information for servicing an instrument to the assembly level. The manual includes instrument adjustments, troubleshooting, major assembly replaceable parts lists, and replacement procedures. For ordering information, contact a Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Office. This manual is not always immediately available for new products. Some earlier service manuals are titled Support Manual.
Component-Level Information
This manual provides component level information for the assemblies used in the instrument. Schematic drawings, component locators and assembly parts list are provided for the current vintage of assemblies. Component-Level Information is not always immediately available for new assemblies.
iv
Contents
1. |
Instrument Overview |
|
|
The Front Panel |
1-1 |
|
Display Annotation |
1-4 |
|
The Rear Panel . . . |
1-6 |
|
Introducing Menus and Softkeys |
1-8 |
|
Making a Basic Measurement . |
1-10 |
|
ReferenceLevel Calibration |
1-12 |
|
Menu Trees ....... . |
1-14 |
2. |
Function Descriptions |
|
|
Fundamental Functions |
2-2 |
|
Frequency |
2-3 |
|
Span |
2-5 |
|
Amplitude |
2-7 |
|
Hold |
2-12 |
|
Instrument State Functions |
2-13 |
|
Preset .... |
2-14 |
|
Configuration |
2-15 |
|
Calibration . . |
2-19 |
|
Auxiliary Control |
2-22 |
|
HP 8560A Option 002 |
2-26 |
|
[AUX CTRL) Softkey Menus continued |
2-31 |
|
Copy |
2-43 |
|
Module |
2-44 |
|
Save .. |
2-45 |
|
Recall . |
2-48 |
|
Measure |
2-51 |
|
Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Instrument Setup |
2-58 |
|
Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) Computations |
2-59 |
|
Single Sweep . . |
2-61 |
|
Marker Functions |
2-62 |
|
Marker Priority . |
2-62 |
|
Marker ... . |
2-63 |
|
Marker-> .. . |
2-65 |
|
Normal Marker Functions |
2-65 |
|
Delta Marker Functions |
2-65 |
|
Frequency Counter |
2-67 |
|
Peak Search . . |
2-69 |
|
Control Functions |
2-72 |
|
Sweep .. |
2-73 |
|
Bandwidth |
2-74 |
|
Trigger |
2-76 |
Contents-1
|
Auto Couple |
2-77 |
|
Trace . |
2-79 |
|
Display |
2-83 |
3. |
Common MeasUJ'ements |
|
|
Example 1: Harmonic Distortion |
3-1 |
|
What Is Harmonic Distortion? |
3-1 |
|
Spectrum Analyzer Functions Used |
3-1 |
|
Stepping through the Fast Harmonic Measurements |
3-2 |
|
Alternative Measurement Method . . . . . . . . |
3-4 |
|
Percent of Harmonic Distortion . . . . . . . . . |
3-6 |
|
Example 2: Third-Order Intermodulation Distortion |
3-7 |
|
What Is lntermodulation Distortion? |
3-7 |
|
Spectrum Analyzer Functions Used . |
3-7 |
|
Stepping through the Measurement . |
3-7 |
|
Example 3: AM and FM Demodulation |
3-11 |
|
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . |
3-11 |
|
Spectrum Analyzer Functions Used . |
3-11 |
|
Stepping through the Measurement . |
3-11 |
|
Example 4: Stimulus-Response Measurements |
3-13 |
|
What Are Stimulus-Response Measurements? |
3-13 |
|
Spectrum Analyzer Functions Used . . . . |
3-13 |
|
Stepping through the Measurement . . . . |
3-14 |
|
Example 5: External Millimeter Mixers (unpreselected) |
3-23 |
|
Spectrum Analyzer Functions Used . . . . . . |
3-23 |
|
Stepping through the Measurement . . . . . . |
3-23 |
|
Example 6: Adjacent Channel Power Measurement |
3-30 |
|
What is Adjacent Channel Power (ACP)? |
3-30 |
|
Spectrum Analyzer Functions Used |
3-30 |
|
Stepping through the Measurement |
3-30 |
4. |
Programming |
|
|
Setup Procedure . . . . . . . |
4-2 |
|
Communication with the System |
4-3 |
|
Executing Remote Commands |
4-3 |
|
Syntax Requirements |
4-4 |
|
Local and Remote Control |
4-5 |
|
Initial Program Considerations |
4-5 |
|
Program Timing . . . . . . |
4-6 |
|
Data Transfer to Computer |
4-9 |
|
Parameter versus Measurement Units |
4-10 |
|
Position Units and Trace Elements |
4-11 |
|
Trace-Data Formatting . . . . . . |
4-11 |
|
TDF P: Return Decimal Numbers in Parameter Units |
4-12 |
|
TDF M (M-format ): Return Decimal Numbers in Measurement Units |
|
|
(output only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
4-13 |
|
TDF B (B-Format): Return Binary Numbers in Measurement Units (output |
|
|
only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
4-14 |
|
TDF A (A-block format): Return Absolute Block-Data Fields in |
|
|
Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
4-16 |
Contents-2
TDF I (!-block format): Return Indefinite Block-Data Fields in |
|
|
Measurement . . . . . . . . . . |
4-18 |
|
Transmission Sequence of Data on HP-IB |
4-19 |
|
Input and Output Buffers |
4-20 |
|
Benefits of an Output Buffer |
4-20 |
|
Buffer Space . . . . . . . |
4-21 |
|
Preventing Timeouts |
4-21 |
|
Synchronizing Your Program |
4-21 |
|
Clearing the Buffers |
4-22 |
|
Summary ..... |
4-22 |
|
Math Functions . . . . |
4-23 |
|
Variables and Traces |
4-23 |
|
Variables |
|
4-23 |
Traces ..... . |
4-23 |
|
Math Commands . . |
4-23 |
|
Two Rules for Trace Math |
4-23 |
|
Adding and Subtracting in dBm |
4-24 |
|
Use AMBPL to Correct Data . . |
4-24 |
|
Adding and Subtracting in Volts |
4-25 |
|
Trace Data Limits |
|
4-26 |
Creating Screen Titles |
4-27 |
|
NoFormat Method |
4-27 |
|
Format Methods |
|
4-28 |
Making a Title in A-Block Format |
4-28 |
|
Making a Title in !-Block Format |
4-28 |
|
Generating Plots and Prints Remotely |
4-29 |
|
Plotter Requirements |
4-29 |
|
Making a Basic Plot . |
4-30 |
|
Plotting Options . . |
4-31 |
|
Printer Requirements |
4-32 |
|
Making a Basic Print |
4-32 |
|
Monitoring System Operation |
4-33 |
|
Interrupt Process . . . . . |
4-33 |
|
Analyzer Status Byte . . |
4-34 |
|
The Service-Request Mask |
4-34 |
|
Computer Interrupt Statements . |
4-35 |
|
Reading Service Request Data |
4-36 |
|
Reading Service Requests From More Than One Instrument |
4-37 |
|
Testing Service Request Routines |
4-37 |
|
Summary |
................... . |
4-38 |
5. Language Reference |
|
|
Introduction . . . |
|
5-1 |
Syntax Diagram Conventions |
5-2 |
|
Pictorial Notation . . . . |
5-2 |
|
Command Sequence . . . |
5-2 |
|
Command Sequence Summary |
5-2 |
|
Query Responses . . . . . . |
5-3 |
|
Secondary Keywords . . . . . |
5-5 |
|
Programming Codes (functional index) |
5-8 |
|
Programming Commands . . . . . . |
5-14 |
|
Contents-3
ACPBW Adjacent Channel Power Bandwidth |
5-15 |
ACPCOMPUTE Compute Adjacent Channel Power . |
5-16 |
ACPGRAPH Adjacent Channel Power Graph |
5-17 |
ACPLOWER Lower Adjacent Channel Power |
5-18 |
ACPMAX Maximum Adjacent Channel Power |
5-19 |
ACPMEAS Measure Adjacent Channel Power |
5-20 |
ACPPWRTX Total Power Transmitted . . |
5-21 |
ACPSP Adjacent Channel Power Spacing |
5-22 |
ACPUPPER Upper Adjacent Channel Power |
5-23 |
ADJALL LO and IF Adjustments . |
5-24 |
ADJCRT Adjust CRT Alignment |
5-25 |
ADJIF Adjust IF . . . . . . . . |
5-26 |
AMB Trace A Minus Trace B |
5-28 |
AMBPL Trace A Minus Trace B Plus Display Line |
5-29 |
ANNOT Annotation On/Off |
5-31 |
APB Trace A Plus Trace B |
5-32 |
AT Input Attenuation . . . |
5-33 |
AUNITS Absolute Amplitude Units |
5-35 |
AUTOCPL Auto Coupled . . . |
5-37 |
AXB Trace A Exchange Trace B |
5-38 |
BLANK Blank Trace . . . . . |
5-39 |
BML Trace B Minus Display Line |
5-40 |
CF Center Frequency . . . |
5-41 |
CLRW Clear Write .... |
5-43 |
CNVLOSS Conversion Loss |
5-44 |
CONTS Continuous Sweep |
5-46 |
COUPLE Input Coupling . |
5-47 |
DEMOD Demodulation .. |
5-48 |
DEMODAGC Demodulation Automatic Gain Control |
5-50 |
DEMODT Demodulation Time |
5-51 |
DET Detection Modes |
5-53 |
DL Display Line |
5-55 |
DONE Done .. |
5-57 |
ERR Error ... |
5-58 |
ET Elapsed Time |
5-60 |
EXTMXR External Mixer Mode |
5-61 |
FA Start Frequency . . . . . |
5-62 |
FB Stop Frequency . . . . . |
5-64 |
FDIAG Frequency Diagnostics |
5-66 |
FDSP Frequency Display Off |
5-68 |
FFT Fast Fourier Transform |
5-69 |
FOFFSET Frequency Offset |
5-71 |
FREF Frequency Reference |
5-73 |
FS Full Span . . . . . . |
5-74 |
FULBAND Full Band . . |
5-75 |
GRAT Graticule On/Off . |
5-77 |
HD Hold ....... . |
5-78 |
HNLOCK Harmonic Number Lock |
5-79 |
HNUNLK Unlock Harmonic Number |
5-81 |
ID Output Identification . . . . . . |
5-82 |
IDCF Signal Identification to Center Frequency |
5-83 |
Contents-4
IDFREQ Signal Identified Frequency |
5-84 |
IP Instrument Preset |
5-85 |
LG Logarithmic Scale |
5-88 |
LN Linear Scale |
5-89 |
MBIAS Mixer Bias . |
5-90 |
MINH Minimum Hold |
5-92 |
MKA Marker Amplitude . |
5-93 |
MKBW Marker Bandwidth |
5-94 |
MKCF Marker to Center Frequency |
5-95 |
MKD Marker Delta . . . . . . . |
5-96 |
MKDR Reciprocal of Marker Delta |
5-97 |
MKF Marker Frequency . . . . . |
5-98 |
MKFC Frequency Counter . . . . |
5-99 |
MKFCR Frequency Counter Resolution |
5-100 |
MKMIN Marker to Minimum . |
5-102 |
MKN Marker Normal . . |
5-103 |
MKNOISE Marker Noise. |
5-105 |
MKOFF Marker Off . . . |
5-106 |
MKPK Peak Search ... |
5-107 |
MKPT Marker Threshold |
5-108 |
MKPX Peak Excursion . |
5-110 |
MKRL Marker to Reference Level . |
5-112 |
MKSP Marker Delta to Span . . . |
5-113 |
MKSS Marker to Center Frequency Step-Size . |
5-114 |
MKT Marker Time ... |
5-115 |
MKTRACK Signal Track |
5-116 |
ML Mixer Level . . . . |
5-117 |
MXMH Maximum Hold . |
5-118 |
MXRMODE Mixer Mode |
.5-119 |
NORMLIZE Normalize Trace Data |
5-120 |
NRL Normalized Reference Level . |
5-122 |
NRPOS Normalized Reference Position |
5-124 |
OP Output Display Parameters . |
5-126 |
PLOT Plot Display . . . . |
5-127 |
PLOTORG Display Origins |
5-128 |
PLOTSRC Plot Source |
5-129 |
PP Preselector Peak . . . . |
5-131 |
PRINT Print . . . . . . . |
5-132 |
PSDAC Preselector DAC Number . |
5-134 |
PSTATE Protect State . . . . . |
5-135 |
PWRBW Trace Power Bandwidth |
5-136 |
RB Resolution Bandwidth . . . . |
5-137 |
RBR Resolution Bandwidth to Span Ratio |
5-139 |
RCLOSCAL Recall Open/Short Average . |
5-140 |
RCLS Recall State . . |
5-142 |
RCLT Recall Trace . . |
5-143 |
RCLTHRU Recall Thru |
5-144 |
REV Revision Number |
5-146 |
RL Reference/Range Level |
5-147 |
RLCAL Reference Level Calibration . |
5-149 |
ROFFSET Amplitude Reference Offset |
5-150 |
Contents-5
RQS Request Service Conditions |
5-151 |
SAVES Save State |
5-153 |
SAVET Save Trace . . . . |
5-154 |
SER Serial Number .... |
5-155 |
SIGID Signal Identification . |
5-156 |
SNGLS Single Sweep |
5-157 |
SP Frequency Span . . . . |
5-158 |
SQUELCH Squelch . ·. . . |
5-160 |
SRCALC Source Leveling Control . |
5-162 |
SRCCRSTK Coarse Tracking Adjust |
5-163 |
SRCFINTK Fine Tracking Adjust . |
5-165 |
SRCPOFS Source Power Offset . |
5-167 |
SRCPSTP Source Power Step |
5-168 |
SRCPSWP Source Power Sweep |
5-169 |
SRCPWR Source Power .... |
5-171 |
SRCTKPK Source Tracking Peak |
5-173 |
SRQ Service Request . . . . |
5-174 |
SS Center Frequency Step-Size |
5-175 |
ST Sweep Time . . . . . |
5-177 |
STB Status Byte Query . . |
5-179 |
STOREOPEN Store Open . |
5-180 |
STORESHORT Store Short |
5-182 |
STORETHRU Store Thru |
5-184 |
SWPCPL Sweep Couple . |
5-186 |
SWPOUT Sweep Output |
5-187 |
TDF Trace Data Format |
5-188 |
TH Threshold |
5-190 |
TITLE Title Entry . . |
5-192 |
TM Trigger Mode . . . |
5-193 |
TRA/TRB Trace Data Input/Output |
5-195 |
TS Take Sweep . . . . . |
5-197 |
TWNDOW Trace Window |
5-198 |
VAVG Video Average .. |
5-200 |
VB Video Bandwidth . . |
5-202 |
VBR Video Bandwidth to Resolution Bandwidth Ratio |
5-204 |
VIEW View Trace |
5-206 |
VTL Video Trigger Level |
5-207 |
A.Instrument Preset State
B.Softkey Cross Reference
Contents-&
C.Key versus Programming Command Cross Referen~e
D.Programming Command versus Key
E.Error Messages
|
Eliminating Error Messages |
E-1 |
|
Recording Error Messages |
E-2 |
|
Viewing Multiple Messages |
E-2 |
|
Error Code Listing |
E-3 |
F. Backward-Compatible Commands |
|
|
G. |
Resolution Bandwidth |
|
|
Input Signals of Equal Amplitude |
G-1 |
|
Input Signals of Unequal Amplitude |
G-2 |
H. |
Modulation |
|
|
Amplitude Modulation |
H-1 |
|
Frequency Modulation |
H-3 |
I. |
Pulsed RF |
|
|
Pulse Mode |
I-1 |
|
Center Frequency, Sidelobe Ratio, and Pulse Width |
I-2 |
|
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) |
I-4 |
|
Peak Pulse Power and Desensitization . . . . . . |
I-4 |
Index
Contents-7
Figures
1-1. |
HP 8560A Front Panel . |
|
1-1 |
1-2. |
Display Annotation . |
|
1-4 |
1-3. |
HP 8560A Rear Panel . |
|
1-6 |
1-4. |
Softkey Menu . . . . . |
|
1-8 |
1-5. |
300 MHz Center Frequency . |
|
1-10 |
1-6. |
20 MHz Frequency Span . |
|
1-11 |
1-7. |
Activated Normal Marker |
|
1-11 |
1-8. |
-10 dBm Reference Level |
|
1-12 |
1-9. |
Peaked Signal to Reference Level |
|
1-13 |
2-1. |
CRT Alignment Pattern . . . . |
|
2-20 |
2-2. |
Tracking Error . . . . . . . . |
|
2-30 |
2-3. |
Channel Bandwidth Parameters |
|
2-54 |
2-4. |
ACP Graph Display . . . . . . |
|
2-56 |
2-5. |
PEAK EXCURSN defines the peaks on a trace. |
|
2-70 |
3-1. |
Input Signal and Harmonics . . . . . . . . |
|
3-2 |
3-2. |
Peak of signal is positioned at reference level for maximum accuracy. |
3-3 |
|
3-3. |
Harmonic distortion measured in dB c. Marker threshold set to -70 dB. |
3-3 |
|
3-4. |
Percentage of Distortion versus Harmonic Amplitude |
|
3-4 |
3-5. |
Input Signal Displayed in a 1 MHz Span |
|
3-5 |
3-6. |
Second Harmonic Displayed in dBc . . . . . . |
|
3-5 |
3-7. |
Third-Order Intermodulation Test Setup . . . . |
|
3-7 |
3-8. |
Signals Centered on Spectrum Analyzer Display |
|
3-8 |
3-9. |
Signal Peak Set to Reference Level . . . . |
|
3-9 |
3-10. |
Intermodulation Distortion Measured in dBc |
|
3-10 |
3-11. |
Display with Title . . . . . . . . . . |
|
3-10 |
3-12. |
AM and FM Demodulation Test Setup |
|
3-11 |
3-13. |
FM Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
|
3-12 |
3-14. |
Place a marker on the signal of interest, then demodulate. |
|
3-12 |
3-15. |
Block Diagram of a Spectrum Analyzer/Tracking Generator Measurement |
|
|
|
System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
|
3-13 |
3-16. |
Transmission Measurement Test Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
3-14 |
|
3-17. |
Tracking-Generator Output Power Activated . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
3-15 |
|
3-18. |
Adjust spectrum analyzer settings according to the measurement requirement. |
3-15 |
|
3-19. |
Decrease the resolution bandwidth to improve sensitivity. |
|
3-16 |
3-20. |
Manual tracking adjustment compensates for tracking error. |
|
3-17 |
3-21. |
Guided calibration routines prompt the user. |
|
3-17 |
3-22. |
The thru trace is displayed in trace B. . . . . . |
|
3-18 |
3-23. |
Normalized Trace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
|
3-18 |
3-24. |
Measure the rejection range with delta markers. |
|
3-19 |
3-25. |
io)M: H¥ JL~Li adjusts the trace without changing analyzer settings. |
3-19 |
|
|
- - |
- |
|
3-26. |
Increase the dynamic measurement range by using RANh~~J.J~. |
3-20 |
|
3-27. |
Normalized Frequency Response Trace of a Preamplifier |
|
3-21 |
Contents·&
3-28. |
NORfl REFr.t5iL. is a trace function. |
3-21 |
3-29. |
~N{lE _!._Vf~ adjusts analyzer settings for compression-free measurements. |
3-22 |
3-30. |
External Mixer Setup (a) without Bias; (b) with Bias |
3-23 |
3-31. |
Select the band of interest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
3-25 |
3-32. |
Store and correct for conversion loss. . . . . . . . . . |
3-25 |
3-33. |
Signal Responses Produced by a 50 GHz Signal in U Band |
3-26 |
3-34. |
Response for Invalid Signals . . . . . . . . |
3-27 |
3-35. |
Re~p?nsefor Valid Signals . . . . . . . . . |
3-27 |
3-36. |
~~G-- p>Ii!~~" Performed on an Image Signal |
3-28 |
3-37. |
SJG~IJ.).Af"m Performed on a True Signal . |
3-28 |
3-38. |
Adjacent channel Power Measurement Test Setup |
3-30 |
3-39. |
Adjacent Channel Power Parameters . . . . |
3-31 |
3-40. |
Adjacent Channel Power Measurement Results . . |
3-32 |
3-41. |
ACP Graph Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
3-33 |
4-1. |
HP 8560A connected to an HP 9000 Series 300 computer. |
4-2 |
4-2. |
Invalid Trace Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
4-7 |
4-3. |
Updated Trace Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
4-7 |
4-4. |
Update trace information with TS before executing marker commands. |
4-8 |
4-5. |
Data Transferred in TDF M Format . |
4-14 |
4-6. |
Buffer Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
4-22 |
4-7. |
Display Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
4-26 |
4-8. |
Screen Titles Appear in the Upper-Right Corner of the Graticule |
4-27 |
4-9. |
P1 and P2 Coordinates . . . . |
4-29 |
5-l. |
Numeric Value Query Response |
5-3 |
5-2. |
Binary State Query Response . . |
5-3 |
5-3. |
CRT Alignment Pattern . . . . |
5-25 |
5-4. |
MKPX Determines Which Signals are Considered Peaks |
5-110 |
G-1. |
1 kHz Signal Separation . |
G-1 |
G-2. |
2kHz Signal Separation . . . |
G-2 |
G-3. |
Bandwidth Shape Factor . . . |
G-3 |
G-4. |
100 kHz Bandwidth Resolution |
G-3 |
G-5. |
300 kHz Bandwidth Resolution |
G-4 |
H-1. |
An Amplitude-Modulated Signal |
H-1 |
H-2. |
Percentage of Modulation |
H-2 |
H-3. |
A Frequency-Modulated Signal . |
H-3 |
H-4. |
FM Signal with Carrier at a Null |
H-3 |
H-5. |
FM Signal with First Sidebands at a Null |
H-4 |
H-6. |
Bessel Functions for Determining Modulation Index |
H-4 |
H-7. |
FM Deviation Test Setup . . . . . |
H-5 |
H-8. |
Markers Show Modulating Frequency |
H-6 |
I-1. |
Main Lobe and Side Lobes . . . . . |
I-1 |
I-2. |
Trace Displayed as a Solid Line . . . |
I-2 |
I-3. |
Center Frequency at Center of Main Lobe |
I-2 |
I-4. |
Markers Show Sidelobe Ratio . . . . . |
I-3 |
I-5. |
Markers Show Pulse Width . . . . . |
I-3 |
I-6. |
Measuring Pulse Repetition Frequency . |
I-4 |
Contents-9
Tables
1-1. |
Front-Panel Connector Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
1-3 |
2-1. |
Frequency Bands and Their Minimum Reference Levels . . . . . . |
2-7 |
2-2. |
Flatness Points and Conversion Losses for Frequencies above 18 GHz |
2-34 |
2-3. |
Mixing Harmonics for Frequencies above 18 GHz |
2-39 |
3-1. |
External Mixer Frequency Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
3-24 |
4-1. |
Units for Returned Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
4-10 |
4-2. |
HP-IB Transmission Sequence for Different Trace-Data Formats (TDF) |
4-19 |
4-3. |
Scaling Points for Various Plotters |
4-30 |
4-4. |
Status Register . . . . . . . |
4-34 |
5-1. |
Syntax Elements . . . . . . . |
5-4 |
5-2. |
Secondary Keyword Summary |
5-5 |
5-3. |
External-Mixer Frequency Bands |
5-76 |
5-4. |
Frequency Bands and the Corresponding LO Harmonic |
5-79 |
5-5. |
HP 8560A/8561B /8563A Preset State . . . . . . . . |
5-85 |
5-6. |
Frequency Ranges and Minimum Reference Level (0 dB Input Attenuation) |
5-148 |
5-7. |
Status Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
5-151 |
5-8. |
Special Printing Characters . . . . . . . |
5-192 |
A-5. |
Instrument State after (PRESET) Is Executed |
A-1 |
B-1. |
Softkey Cross Reference |
B- 2 |
C-1. |
Softkey Cross Reference . . . . . . |
C-2 |
D-1. |
Command versus Key . . . . . . . |
D- 2 |
H-1. |
Carrier Nulls and Modulation Indexes |
H-4 |
H-2. |
Sideband Nulls and Modulation Indexes |
H-5 |
Contents-1 0
1
Instrument Overview
This chapter introduces the frontand rear-panel keys and connectors on the HP 8560A, HP 8561B, and HP 8563A Spectrum Analyzers. Complete descriptions of each front-panel function appear in Chapter 2.
The Front Panel
The following paragraphs briefly describe the groups of front-panel keys shown in Figure 1-1.
2
4
~ |
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---·--~-::: |
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_____,_ |
:e |
[i] [i] 63 |
-~01 : |
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IIW |
IUVW IHV |
~~IHI~ |
~: |
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II |
r - - - - - - - - - - |
- - - |
- - - - |
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-----C.\L F'ROOE~~--tNPVT~~o-o |
_:V |
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1 |
0 |
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~ OVTPVT INPUT |
OUTPUT |
POWER |
~SOHz-:Z.~GHzI[ Sl~P |
0 D |
_ |
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;: Dl |
~ |
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:u~ |
@ @@ ~ |
@ |
0 |
10@] |
o |
~ |
,. '"'" |
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~~It~_: __________________ J |
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Figure 1-1. HP 8560A Front Panel
1. FREQUENCY, SPAN, and AMPLITUDE are the fundamental functions for most measurements. The HOLD key freezes the active function and holds it at a set value until a function key is pressed again. HOLD also blanks the softkey menu and expands the graticule display horizontally to fill the full CRT.
2.INSTRUMENT STATE functions generally affect the state of the entire spectrum analyzer, not just the state of a single function.
Instrument Overview 1-1
3.MARKER functions read out frequencies and amplitudes along the spectrum analyzer trace; allow you to make relative measurements; automatically locate the signal of highest amplitude on a trace; and tune the analyzer to track a signal automatically.
4.CONTROL functions allow you to adjust the resolution and video bandwidths, the sweep time, and the display, and to vary other functions that control spectrum analyzer measurement capabilities.
5.DATA keys, STEP keys, and the knob allow you to change the numeric value of an active function. Use the data keys to enter an exact value or to move quickly from one end of the frequency range to the other. The step keys vary a value in predefined increments or, for some functions, in increments that you choose. The knob allows you to fine-tune most numeric values.
6.The front-panel connectors include an RF input, an active"-probe power, a 300 MHz calibrator signal, a 310.7 MHz IF input, and a first LO output. A short specification summary of these connectors is outlined in Table 1-1 below. The IF input is not available with an HP 8560A Option 002. A volume knob is provided for making adjustments to the volume of the built-in speaker. The LINE button turns the spectrum analyzer on and off. The LED above the LINE button indicates whether or not ac power is applied to the spectrum analyzer.
Caution
'
The maximum input level to the INPUT 50n is +30 dBm with a minimum of 10 dB input attenuation. Both the HP 8560A and HP 8561B are ac/ de coupled. When ac coupled, the maximum de voltage to the RF input is 50 V. When de coupled, the maximum de voltage is 0 V. Default power-up mode is ac coupled. It is best to leave the analyzer in ac-coupled mode for maximum protection. Exceeding the maximum safe input levels can damage the input attenuator and the input mixer.
1-2 Instrument Overview
Table 1-1. Front-Panel Connector Data
|
Connector |
Frequency ~ge |
Amplitude/ |
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Voltage Limits |
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INPUT 50Q |
HP 8560A: |
+30 dBm Max |
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50 Hz-2.9 GHz (de coupled) |
0 V de Max (de coupled) |
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100 kHz-2.9 GHz {ac coupled) |
50 V de Max (ac coupled) |
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HP 8561B: |
+30 dBm Max |
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50 Hz-6.5 GHz (de coupled) |
0 V de Max (de coupled) |
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100 kHz-6.5 GHz (ac coupled) |
50 V de Max (ac coupled) |
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HP 8563A: |
+30 dBm Max |
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9 kHz-22 GHz (de coupled) |
0 V de Max (de coupled) |
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9 kHz-26 GHz (de coupled) |
+30 dBm Max |
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(serial prefix 3124A |
0 V de Max (de coupled) |
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and above) |
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PROBE |
-- |
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+15 V, -12.6 V |
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POWER |
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(150 rnA max) |
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CAL OUTPUT |
300 MHz |
-10 dBm |
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IF INPUT* |
310.7 MHz |
0 V de Max |
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(for use with |
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external mixers) |
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1ST LO |
3.00 GHz-6.81 GHz |
+16.5 dBm ±2.0 dB |
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OUTPUT |
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+14.5 dBm ± 3.0 dBt |
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RF OUT 50Qt |
300 kHz-2.9 GHz |
-10 dBm to +1 dBm |
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(tracking |
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generator |
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output) |
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* Not available with an HP 8560A Option 002. t Available only with an HP 8560A Option 002. t LO output of an HP 8560A Option 002.
Instrument Overview 1-3
Display Annotation
Figure 1-2 illustrates the display annotation.
10dB L OdBm
MARKER
NORMAL
MARKER
DELTA
MARKER
1/DELTA
MKRNOISE
ONQEE
SIG TRK
ON OFF
MARKERS
OFF
Figure 1-2. Display Annotation
1.Number of video averages.
2.Logarithmic or linear amplitude scale per division.
3.Marker amplitude and frequency.
4.Title area.
5. Data invalid indicator, displayed when analyzer settings are changed before completion of a full sweep.
6.Menu title and softkey menu.
7.Error message area.
8.Frequency span or stop frequency.
9.Sweep time.
10.Indicator of uncoupled function for sweep time, resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth, or input attenuation.
11.Video bandwidth.
12.Resolution bandwidth.
13.Center or start frequency.
1-4 Instrument Overview
14. Active special functions: the following characters appear in a vertical line alongside the
graticule. |
This information is also available by pressing ANNOT~ FIE
The Rear Panel
The following paragraphs describe the functions available from the rear panel, as shown in Figure 1-3.
WARN INO: THE: PROTECTIVE E:A.RTH GROUt'£~ INC
ON THIS EQUIPt.ENT WST BE 1.4AINTAINED TO PROVIDE
EARPHONE |
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PROTECTION !='ROtol ELECTRIC SJ.IOCK. |
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OJ' |
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NO USER SERVICABLE PARTS INSIDE. |
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CATHOOE~AY TUBE DA-NGEROUS TO HANDLE. |
OPTION MODULE |
J3 |
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REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL |
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~L.::::~==~> |
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VIOI!:O |
fXT |
TRIG |
BLANKING |
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OVTPUT |
INPUT |
OUTPUT |
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(~( ~JS |
~J6 |
0 |
J? |
0 |
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0 |
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----- ' - '"""LINE ---- |
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0 ~OSN |
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300 VA WAX |
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fUSE: |
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~~1~g~vv~lgs" |
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0 ~SN |
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VOL lACE |
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SELECTOR |
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CAUTION: |
[[]] |
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CRT |
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+110 |
voco |
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ON |
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LO SWPI0.5V/GHz |
10 |
UHz REF |
2ND IF |
ALC EXT |
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0 |
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OUTPUT |
IN/OUT |
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OUT |
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J8~ |
~J9 |
J1b |
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0 dEm
Caution
The'LINE input operates at nominally 115 V (47-440 Hz) or at nominally 230 V (47-66Hz).
J1 provides a 40 impedance earphone jack.
J2 is the Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-IB) connector.
J3 allows connection of option modules, such as the HP 85629B Test and Adjustment Module or the HP 85620A Mass Memory Module.
J4 provides a detected video signal that is proportional to the vertical deflection of the CRT trace. The output range is 0-1 V when terminated in 500, and can be used when the display is in 10 dB/div or LINEAR mode. For resolution bandwidth settings less than 300Hz, a
4.8 kHz IF signal with a de offset is present at J4.
J5 provides an external trigger input. The input signal range is 0-5 V (TTL). When the trigger is in external mode, the instrument sweep triggers on the rising, positive edge of the signal (about +1.5 V).
1·6 Instrument Overview
J6 provides a blanking output from D-5 V (TTL) that is low (0 V) during spectrum analyzer sweeps. The output is high (5 V) during retrace and when the instrument is between bands in multiband sweeps. Use this output for pen lift when plotting with nondigital plotters. This output is also useful for synchronizing instruments.
J8 provides two different selectable outputs: a 0-10 V ramp corresponding to the sweep ramp that tunes the local oscillator, or a sweeping de output of 0.5 V/GHz. The sweeping de output ranges from 0-2.9 GHz for an HP 8560A, 0-6.5 GHz for an HP 85~1B,_ap.d . .
0-22 GHz for an HP 8563A. The output can be selected from the softkeys 0 -i> f(nf2 LO} SWP;. and Q5 V/G~ (!AV) , respectively, which are in the .·REAR PAJlF-· softkey menu under the (AUX CTRL) key. When using preselected external mixers, the 0.5 V /GHz output provides a signal of approximately 1.5 V/GHz of 10 frequency to control the preselected mixer. External tracking generators, such as the HP 85640A, require the 0.5 V/GHz output for operation.
J9 provides a 10 MHz, 0 dBm minimum, time-base reference signal. This connector can be switched to an input, in order to connect an external reference. An external reference must
be 10 MHz at a minimum of 0 dBm. To select the external reference mode, use the softkey 'lO'MH,Z ~XT !NT in the REA~.PANEL softkey menu under the (AUX CTRL) key.
JlO is the output for an HP 8560A Option 001, HP 8561B Option 001, or HP 8563A, 310.7 MHz IF output.
Jll is an external leveling input for use with an HP 8560A Option 002 (built-in tracking generator).
X POSN, Y POSN, and TRACE ALIGN allow you to_align !_he spectrum analyzer CRT using a special CRT pattern. Refer to the softkey CRT;ADJ PA'!l'ER!l under the (CAL) menu, or consult the Installation and Verification Manual.
Instrument Overview 1·7
Introducing Menus and Softkeys
Pressing a front-panel key allows access to menus of softkeys that appear along the right-hand side of the display screen. These softkeys provide additional functions, depending on the
front-panel key selected. The single, dedicated front-panel keys can be used for simple measurements, along with menus of additional functions for more complex measurements.
Softkeys are designated by shading on the key label, for example·~.SPAN/; front-panel keys are designated by a box around the key label, for example (sPAN). The softkeys that are displayed depend on which front-panel key is pressed, which menu level is enabled, and whether the softkeys are applicable to the currently-defined measurement parameters. For
example, press This calls up the menu of related frequency functions shown in Figure 1-4. Nate on the menu the function labeled ~JER. FREQ;. CENTER also appears in
the active function block, indicating that it is the active frequency function and can now be changed using any of the data entry controls.
For some softkey functions, data values are required. These may be entered using one of the following three methods: the data keys, the step keys, and the RPG (rotary pulse generator) knob. If applicable, the use of each method is described in the softkey description.
Note |
When entering some data values, such as unitless entries, the (ENTER) key must |
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be used to terminate the data entry. |
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1 |
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I |
FREQ I |
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CENTER |
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SOFTKEYS ..........___ |
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FREQ |
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~START
FREQ
STOP
FREQ
>' CF STEP AUTO MAN
FREQ OFFSET
J
Figure 1-4. Softkey Menu
1-8 Instrument Overview
To activate a di:ffer~:l)_tfr~q"':lency function-for example, the start frequency-press the key to the right of the '~fiiT~~Uq; annotation. START now appears in the active function block,
indicating its currently active status. At the bottom of some menus, a ]fORti softkey allows access to additional, related softkeys; the number of pages are also indi~ate(fon this softkey.
At the top of the menu, a menu title names the front-panel key pressed to obtain the current menu. To activate other frequency functions, press the appropriate softkeys. To select a different softkey menu, press another front-panel key.
When using softkey functions that can either be turned on and off or auto-coupled and
manually controlled, the underline indicates which part of the function is enabled. For example, the AJ~~:AlJ'l'~";MAl{ function is auto-coupled when AUTO is underlined.
For a complete listing of all the front-panel keys and their softkeys, refer to softkey menu Tables 2-4 through 2-7 at the end of this chapter.
To become more familiar with softkeys, review the following basic measurement example.
Instrument Overview 1-9
Making a Basic Measurement
A basic measurement involves tuning the spectrum analyzer to place a signal on the screen then measuring the frequency and amplitude of the signal with a marker.
We can measure an input signal in four simple steps.
1.Set the center frequency.
2.Set the frequency span.
3.Activate the marker.
4.Set the amplitude.
As an example, we will measure the 300 MHz calibration signal. First, switch on the spectrum analyzer (for maximum accuracy, if the analyzer has just been powered up, allow for a 5-minute warm-up). Next, connect the analyzer's CAL OUTPUT to the INPUT 500 on the front panel and complete the four steps as described below.
1.Set the center frequency.
Press (FREQUENCY). This activates the center frequency function, indicated by CENTER appearing in the active function block on the left side of the display (see Figure 1-5). To set the center frequency to 300 MHz, use the keys in the DATA section of the front panel and enter 300 MHz. These data keys allow you to select the exact numeric value of the active function, which, in this case, is the center frequency. The step keys and knob also allow you to select function values.
ATTEN 10dB
RL OdBm :l.OdB/
CENTER 300 .0MHZ |
SPAN |
BOO.OMHz |
|
RBW 1.0MHz |
VBW 1.0MHz |
SWP |
50ms |
Figure 1-5. 300 MHz Center Frequency
2.Set the frequency span.
Press (SPAN). Note that SPAN is now displayed in the active function block, identifying it as
the current active function. To reduce the frequency span-for example, to 20 MHz--either key in 20 MHz or use the (!) key to "step down" to this value. (Like data keys, step keys can also be used to change the numeric value of the active function.) The resulting display is shown in Figure 1-6. Note that the resolution and video bandwidths are coupled to the
1-10 Instrument Overview
frequency span; they are automatically adjusted to appropriate values for a given span. Sweep-time is also a coupled function.
ATTEN 10dB
RL OdBm :10dB/
CENTER 300 . 00MHZ |
SPAN |
20 . 00MHZ |
RBW 300kHz VBW 300kHz |
SWP |
50ms |
Figure 1-6. 20 MHz Frequency Span
3.Activate the marker.
Press (MKR), which is located in the MARKER section of the front panel. This activates the normal marker and places it at the center of the trace (in this case, at or near the peak of the signal). The marker reads both the frequency and the amplitude, and displays
these values in the active function block. In this case, the marker reads 300.00 MHz and -10.00 dBm,'as shown in Figure 1-7.
ATTEN 10dB |
MKR |
- 1 . 0 . 00dBm |
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RL OdBm |
:10dB/ 300 |
OOMHz |
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CENTER 300.00MHz |
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SPAN |
20.00MHz |
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RBW 300kHz |
VBW |
300kHz |
SWP |
50m~ |
Figure 1-7. Activated Normal Marker
4. Set the amplitude.
Instrument Overview 1-11
Generally, placing the signal peak at the reference level provides the best measurement accuracy. To adjust the signal peak to the reference level (Figure 1-8), press (AMPLITUDE), then key in -10 dBm, or use either the step keys or the knob. Using the knob is the easiest way to fine-tune the signal peak to the reference level, which is located at the top of the
graticule. Since the marker is active, a faster method to fine-tune the signal peak to the reference level is to use Miji{ER['-~ ~- LVL , which is located under the (MKR - > ) key.
This function sets the reference level equal to the marker amplitude value.
ATTEN 10dB |
MKR - 10 . 33dBm |
RL - 1 . 0 . 0dBm |
:10dB/ 300 . 00MHz |
CENTER 300 . 00MHZ |
SPAN |
20 . 00MHZ |
RBW 300kHz VBW 300kHz |
SWP |
50ms |
Figure 1-8. -10 dBm Reference Level
Reference-Level Calibration
The reference-level calibration function REF'-LVL ADJ' allows the analyzer's internal gain to be adjusted so that when the calibrator signal is connected to the input, a reference level equal to the calibrator amplitude displays the signal at top-screen. The procedure below uses the previous basic measurement to calibrate the instrument.
Turn the markers off by pressing (MKR), then Press (CAL).
menu of calibration routines. The fifth function on this new list, labeled
allows you to calibrate the amplitude of the instrument. Press REF LVL ApJ~ to activate the function. To calibrate the spectrum analyzer, use the knob on the front panel and adjust the peak of the signal to the reference level, as shown in Figure 1-9. Note the number that appears in the active function block. In this example, the number 5 appears when the signal is adjusted. This number, which ranges from -33 to +33, is a relative value indicating how much amplitude correction was required to calibrate the spectrum analyzer. The number is
usually around 0. If the amplitude is at either end of the range, or if it cannot be adjusted to a value within thi~ ra11g~, consult the Installation and Verification Manual. To store the value, press the ~TORE ~ €V'l softkey. When entering or storing a value using the data keys, the
entry must be terminated with the (ENTER) key, located in the lower right-hand corner of the analyzer.
1-12 Instrument Overview
ATTEN :10dB
F=IL - 10 OdBm
CENTER 300 . 00MHz |
SPAN |
20.00MHZ |
|
RBW 300kHZ |
VBW 300kHz |
SWP |
50ms |
Figure 1-9. Peaked Signal to Reference Level
Recalibrating the reference level is usually necessary only when the ambient temperature changes more than 10 degrees Celsius. Because the spectrum analyzer continually monitor and reduce any IF errors, executing the reference-level calibration is seldom necessary.
Instrument Overview 1-13
Menu Trees
The following is an alphabetical listing, by front-panel key, of all available softkeys.
(AMPLITUDE]
REF LVL* |
MAN t |
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ATTEN |
AUTO |
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LOG dB/DIV |
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LINEAR |
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RANGE |
LVL* |
AUTO MAN |
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MORE |
1 OF |
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3 |
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OF |
3 |
*Becomes NORM |
REF LVL |
when |
NORMLIZE ON OFF is set |
to ON. |
t Only avai Iable with |
internal mixing. |
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+ Not ovai Iable |
with an HP |
B563A. |
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AUTO
COUPLE
ALL
RES BW AUTO MAN VIDEO BW AUTO MAN SWP TIME AUTO MAN ATTEN AUTO MAN*
MORE 1 OF 2 ----
CF STEP AUTO MAN UNITS AUTO MAN
MORE 2 OF 2
*Only available with internal mixing.
1-14 Instrument Overview
TRACKING |
------GENRATOR* - |
~rI- |
INTERNAL |
MIXERt -------- |
, |
EXTERNAL MIXER t
AM/FM DEMOD
REAR PANEL
SOURCE CAL MENU SWP CPL SR SA RANGE LVL
NORMLIZE ON OFF NORM REF POSN
ID AT MKR
ID -> CF
ID ON OFF
MAN ADJ
PK
LOSS FREQ
AMPTD CORRECT SIGNAL IDENTS PRESEL PEAK II BIAS S
HARMONIC
SIG ID AT MKR
SIG ID -> CF
SIG ID ON OFF
MARKER NORMAL
PEAK SEARCH
NEXT PEAK
L------------ |
~ |
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1 OF |
2 |
----· |
~~~C~~~~ |
OFF |
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C ON |
OFF |
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PEAK |
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0 -> lOV LO SWP |
RE 2 |
OF |
2 |
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.5 |
V/GHz |
(FAV) |
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10 |
MHz EXT |
INT |
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PREV MENU
AUTO PK
MAN ADJ MARKER NORMAL
SEARCH PEAK MENU
~~T~~~ BIAS
GATIVE BIAS
EV MENU
*For use with an external |
tracking generator |
only. See |
next |
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bui It-in |
tracking generator |
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(HP 8560A Option 002) softkey menu. |
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fThe |
INTERNAL MIXER |
softkey and its lower-level |
softkeys are |
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not |
avai Iable |
with |
an HP 8560A Option 002. However, only the |
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INTERNAL |
MIXER |
softkey is |
avai Iable with an |
HP |
8560A, |
its |
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softkey menus |
are not. |
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f Not avai Iable with an HP 8560A Option 002. |
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SAvailable |
only |
with |
unpreselected external |
mixing. |
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II Avai Iable |
only |
with |
preselected external mixing. |
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Instrument Overview 1-15
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