CISCO WS-C2950-12, Catalyst 2950 User Manual

Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switch

Software Configuration Guide

Cisco IOS Release 12.1(22)EA5

July 2005

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Text Part Number: 78-11380-12

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Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switch Software Configuration Guide

Copyright © 2001–2005 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

C O N T E N T S

Preface xxvii

Audience xxvii

Purpose

xxvii

Conventions

xxviii

Related Publications

xxix

Obtaining Documentation

xxix

Cisco.com

xxx

Product Documentation DVD

xxx

Ordering Documentation xxx

Documentation Feedback

xxxi

Cisco Product Security Overview

xxxi

Reporting Security Problems in Cisco Products

xxxi

Obtaining Technical Assistance

xxxii

Cisco Technical Support & Documentation Website xxxii

Submitting a Service Request

xxxiii

Definitions of Service Request Severity

xxxiii

Obtaining Additional Publications and Information

xxxiii

Overview

C H A P T E R 1

1-1

Features

1-1

Ease of Use and Ease of Deployment

1-2

Performance

1-3

Manageability

1-4

Redundancy

1-5

VLAN Support

1-6

Security

1-6

Quality of Service and Class of Service

1-7

Monitoring

1-8

LRE Features (available only on Catalyst 2950 LRE switches) 1-8

Management Options

1-9

Management Interface Options 1-9

Advantages of Using Network Assistant and Clustering Switches 1-10

Network Configuration Examples

1-11

Design Concepts for Using the Switch

1-12

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Contents

Small to Medium-Sized Network Configuration		1-15
Collapsed Backbone and Switch Cluster Configuration			1-16
Hotel Network Configuration	1-17
Service-Provider Central-Office Configuration		1-20
Large Campus Configuration	1-21
Multidwelling Network Using Catalyst 2950 Switches			1-22
Long-Distance, High-Bandwidth Transport Configuration			1-24

					Where to Go Next	1-24
					Using the Command-Line Interface
C H A P T E R 2									2-1
					Cisco IOS Command Modes			2-1
					Getting Help 2-3
					Abbreviating Commands		2-4
					Using no and default Forms of Commands						2-4
					Understanding CLI Messages			2-5
					Using Command History		2-5
					Changing the Command History Buffer Size							2-5
					Recalling Commands		2-6
					Disabling the Command History Feature						2-6
					Using Editing Features		2-6
					Enabling and Disabling Editing Features						2-6
					Editing Commands through Keystrokes						2-7
					Editing Command Lines that Wrap					2-8
					Searching and Filtering Output of show and more Commands 2-9
					Accessing the CLI	2-9
					Configuring Catalyst 2955 Switch Alarms
C H A P T E R 3										3-1
					Understanding Catalyst 2955 Switch Alarms						3-1
					Global Status Monitoring Alarms 3-2
					FCS Error Hysteresis Threshold				3-2
					Port Status Monitoring Alarms				3-3
					Triggering Alarm Options			3-3
					Configuring Catalyst 2955 Switch Alarms					3-4
					Default Catalyst 2955 Switch Alarm Configuration 3-4
					Configuring the Power Supply Alarm					3-5
					Setting the Power Mode				3-5
					Setting the Power Supply Alarm Options							3-5
					Configuring the Switch Temperature Alarms							3-6
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	Setting a Secondary Temperature Threshold for the Switch 3-6
	Associating the Temperature Alarms to a Relay						3-7
	Configuring the FCS Bit Error Rate Alarm				3-7
	Setting the FCS Error Threshold			3-8
	Setting the FCS Error Hysteresis Threshold					3-8
	Configuring Alarm Profiles	3-9
	Creating or Modifying an Alarm Profile				3-9
	Attaching an Alarm Profile to a Specific Port					3-10
	Enabling SNMP Traps 3-11
	Displaying Catalyst 2955 Switch Alarms Status				3-11
	Assigning the Switch IP Address and Default Gateway
C H A P T E R 4							4-1
	Understanding the Boot Process	4-1
	Assigning Switch Information	4-2
	Default Switch Information	4-3
	Understanding DHCP-Based Autoconfiguration					4-3
	DHCP Client Request Process		4-4
	Configuring DHCP-Based Autoconfiguration				4-5
	DHCP Server Configuration Guidelines				4-5
	Configuring the TFTP Server		4-6
	Configuring the DNS	4-6
	Configuring the Relay Device		4-7
	Obtaining Configuration Files		4-8
	Example Configuration	4-9
	Manually Assigning IP Information		4-10
	Checking and Saving the Running Configuration				4-11
	Modifying the Startup Configuration 4-11
	Default Boot Configuration	4-12
	Automatically Downloading a Configuration File					4-12
	Specifying the Filename to Read and Write the System Configuration 4-12
	Booting Manually 4-13
	Booting a Specific Software Image		4-13
	Controlling Environment Variables		4-14
	Scheduling a Reload of the Software Image			4-16
	Configuring a Scheduled Reload		4-16
	Displaying Scheduled Reload Information				4-17

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Contents

C H A P T E R 5	Configuring IE2100 CNS Agents		5-1
	Understanding IE2100 Series Configuration Registrar Software 5-1
	CNS Configuration Service		5-2
	CNS Event Service 5-3
	NameSpace Mapper		5-3
	What You Should Know About ConfigID, DeviceID, and Host Name 5-3
	ConfigID	5-3
	DeviceID	5-4

					Host Name and DeviceID				5-4
					Using Host Name, DeviceID, and ConfigID 5-4
					Understanding CNS Embedded Agents					5-5
					Initial Configuration		5-5
					Incremental (Partial) Configuration					5-6
					Synchronized Configuration			5-6
					Configuring CNS Embedded Agents				5-6
					Enabling Automated CNS Configuration							5-6
					Enabling the CNS Event Agent				5-8
					Enabling the CNS Configuration Agent						5-9
					Enabling an Initial Configuration						5-9
					Enabling a Partial Configuration						5-12
					Displaying CNS Configuration			5-12
					Clustering Switches
C H A P T E R 6						6-1
					Understanding Switch Clusters			6-1
					Clustering Overview		6-1
					Cluster Command Switch Characteristics							6-2
					Standby Command Switch Characteristics							6-2
					Candidate Switch and Member Switch Characteristics								6-3
					Using the CLI to Manage Switch Clusters						6-4
					Catalyst 1900 and Catalyst 2820 CLI Considerations								6-4
					Using SNMP to Manage Switch Clusters						6-4
					Administering the Switch
C H A P T E R 7							7-1
					Managing the System Time and Date				7-1
					Understanding the System Clock				7-1
					Understanding Network Time Protocol						7-2
					Configuring NTP	7-3
					Default NTP Configuration				7-4
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		Configuring NTP Authentication				7-4
		Configuring NTP Associations			7-5
		Configuring NTP Broadcast Service					7-6
		Configuring NTP Access Restrictions					7-8
		Configuring the Source IP Address for NTP Packets								7-10
		Displaying the NTP Configuration				7-11
		Configuring Time and Date Manually				7-11
		Setting the System Clock		7-11
		Displaying the Time and Date Configuration							7-12
		Configuring the Time Zone			7-12
		Configuring Summer Time (Daylight Saving Time)								7-13
		Configuring a System Name and Prompt				7-14
		Default System Name and Prompt Configuration							7-15
		Configuring a System Name		7-15
		Understanding DNS	7-15
		Default DNS Configuration			7-16
		Setting Up DNS	7-16
		Displaying the DNS Configuration				7-17
		Creating a Banner 7-17
		Default Banner Configuration		7-17
		Configuring a Message-of-the-Day Login Banner							7-18
		Configuring a Login Banner		7-19
		Managing the MAC Address Table 7-19
		Building the Address Table		7-20
		MAC Addresses and VLANs		7-20
		Default MAC Address Table Configuration					7-21
		Changing the Address Aging Time			7-21
		Removing Dynamic Address Entries				7-21
		Configuring MAC Address Notification Traps						7-22
		Adding and Removing Static Address Entries						7-24
		Configuring Unicast MAC Address Filtering						7-25
		Displaying Address Table Entries			7-26
		Managing the ARP Table	7-26
		Configuring Switch-Based Authentication
C H A P T E R 8						8-1
		Preventing Unauthorized Access to Your Switch						8-1
		Protecting Access to Privileged EXEC Commands						8-2
		Default Password and Privilege Level Configuration							8-2
		Setting or Changing a Static Enable Password						8-3
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			Protecting Enable and Enable Secret Passwords with Encryption									8-4
			Disabling Password Recovery				8-5
			Setting a Telnet Password for a Terminal Line								8-6
			Configuring Username and Password Pairs							8-7
			Configuring Multiple Privilege Levels						8-8
			Setting the Privilege Level for a Command								8-8
			Changing the Default Privilege Level for Lines 8-9
			Logging into and Exiting a Privilege Level								8-10
			Controlling Switch Access with TACACS+						8-10
			Understanding TACACS+			8-10
			TACACS+ Operation		8-12
			Configuring TACACS+			8-12
			Default TACACS+ Configuration						8-13
			Identifying the TACACS+ Server Host and Setting the Authentication Key 8-13
			Configuring TACACS+ Login Authentication								8-14
			Configuring TACACS+ Authorization for Privileged EXEC Access and Network Services										8-16
			Starting TACACS+ Accounting						8-17
			Displaying the TACACS+ Configuration 8-17
			Controlling Switch Access with RADIUS						8-17
			Understanding RADIUS			8-18
			RADIUS Operation	8-19
			Configuring RADIUS		8-20
			Default RADIUS Configuration						8-20
			Identifying the RADIUS Server Host							8-20
			Configuring RADIUS Login Authentication								8-23
			Defining AAA Server Groups					8-25
			Configuring RADIUS Authorization for User Privileged Access and Network Services										8-27
			Starting RADIUS Accounting					8-28
			Configuring Settings for All RADIUS Servers								8-29
			Configuring the Switch to Use Vendor-Specific RADIUS Attributes 8-29
			Configuring the Switch for Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Server Communication 8-30
			Displaying the RADIUS Configuration						8-31
			Configuring the Switch for Local Authentication and Authorization									8-32
			Configuring the Switch for Secure Shell						8-33
			Understanding SSH		8-33
			SSH Servers, Integrated Clients, and Supported Versions									8-33
			Limitations	8-34
			Configuring SSH	8-34
			Configuration Guidelines				8-34
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8-35

Contents

Cryptographic Software Image Guidelines 8-35

Setting Up the Switch to Run SSH

Configuring the SSH Server 8-36

	Displaying the SSH Configuration and Status					8-37
	Configuring the Switch for Secure Copy Protocol					8-37
	Configuring IEEE 802.1x Port-Based Authentication 9-1
C H A P T E R 9
	Understanding IEEE 802.1x Port-Based Authentication						9-1
	Device Roles 9-2
	Authentication Initiation and Message Exchange						9-3
	Ports in Authorized and Unauthorized States					9-4
	IEEE 802.1x Accounting	9-5
	IEEE 802.1x Accounting Attribute-Value Pairs					9-5
	IEEE 802.1x Host Mode	9-6
	Using IEEE 802.1x with Port Security			9-7
	Using IEEE 802.1x with Voice VLAN Ports				9-8
	Using IEEE 802.1x with VLAN Assignment				9-8
	Using IEEE 802.1x with Guest VLAN			9-9
	Using IEEE 802.1x with Wake-on-LAN			9-10
	Unidirectional State	9-10
	Bidirectional State	9-10
	Configuring IEEE 802.1x Authentication		9-11
	Default IEEE 802.1x Configuration		9-11
	IEEE 802.1x Configuration Guidelines			9-12
	Upgrading from a Previous Software Release					9-13
	Enabling IEEE 802.1x Authentication			9-14
	Configuring the Switch-to-RADIUS-Server Communication							9-15
	Configuring IEEE 802.1x Authentication Using a RADIUS Server								9-16
	Enabling Periodic Re-Authentication			9-17
	Manually Re-Authenticating a Client Connected to a Port							9-18
	Changing the Quiet Period	9-18
	Changing the Switch-to-Client Retransmission Time						9-19
	Setting the Switch-to-Client Frame-Retransmission Number							9-19
	Configuring the Host Mode 9-20
	Configuring a Guest VLAN	9-21
	Resetting the IEEE 802.1x Configuration to the Default Values								9-22
	Configuring IEEE 802.1x Authentication				9-23
	Configuring IEEE 802.1x Accounting			9-24

	Displaying IEEE 802.1x Statistics and Status	9-25
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C H A P T E R 10	Configuring Interface Characteristics				10-1
	Understanding Interface Types		10-1
	Access Ports	10-2
	Trunk Ports	10-2
	Port-Based VLANs 10-3
	EtherChannel Port Groups		10-3
	Connecting Interfaces 10-4
	Using the Interface Command 10-4
	Procedures for Configuring Interfaces					10-5
	Configuring a Range of Interfaces				10-6
	Configuring and Using Interface-Range Macros							10-7
	Configuring Ethernet Interfaces		10-9
	Default Ethernet Interface Configuration					10-9
	Configuring Interface Speed and Duplex Mode							10-10
	Configuration Guidelines			10-11
	Setting the Interface Speed and Duplex Parameters on a Non-LRE Switch Port 10-12
	Setting the Interface Speed and Duplex Parameters on an LRE Switch Port 10-13
	Configuring Media Types for Gigabit Ethernet Interfaces on LRE Switches 10-13
	Configuring IEEE 802.3z Flow Control on Gigabit Ethernet Ports 10-13
	Adding a Description for an Interface 10-15
	Configuring Loopback Detection				10-15
	Monitoring and Maintaining the Interfaces					10-16
	Monitoring Interface and Controller Status						10-16
	Clearing and Resetting Interfaces and Counters							10-17
	Shutting Down and Restarting the Interface						10-17
	Configuring Smartports Macros
C H A P T E R 11			11-1
	Understanding Smartports Macros			11-1
	Configuring Smartports Macros			11-2
	Default Smartports Macro Configuration					11-2
	Smartports Macro Configuration Guidelines						11-3
	Creating Smartports Macros			11-4
	Applying Smartports Macros			11-5
	Applying Cisco-Default Smartports Macros						11-6
	Displaying Smartports Macros		11-8

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C H A P T E R 12	Configuring LRE 12-1
	Understanding LRE Features		12-1
	Ports on the Catalyst 2950 LRE Switches				12-1
	LRE Links and LRE Profiles		12-2
	LRE Profiles	12-2
	LRE Sequences 12-5
	CPE Ethernet Links		12-6
	LRE Link Monitor	12-7
	LRE Message Logging Process			12-8
	Configuring LRE Ports	12-8
	Default LRE Configuration		12-9
	Environmental Guidelines for LRE Links				12-9
	Guidelines for Using LRE Profiles			12-10
	CPE Ethernet Link Guidelines 12-11

Guidelines for Configuring Cisco 575 LRE CPEs and 576 LRE 997 CPEs 12-11

	Guidelines for Configuring Cisco 585 LRE CPEs							12-12
	Assigning a Global Profile to All LRE Ports					12-12
	Assigning a Profile to a Specific LRE Port					12-13
	Assigning a Global Sequence to All LRE Ports						12-13
	Assigning a Sequence to a Specific LRE Port						12-14
	Using Rate Selection to Automatically Assign Profiles							12-14
	Precedence	12-15
	Profile Locking	12-15
	Link Qualification and SNR Margins					12-16
	Configuring LRE Link Persistence				12-19
	Configuring LRE Link Monitor 12-20
	Configuring LRE Interleave			12-20
	Configuring Upstream Power Back-Off 12-21
	Configuring CPE Toggle		12-22
	Configuring Syslog Export			12-23
	Upgrading LRE Switch Firmware			12-24
	Configuring for an LRE Upgrade				12-24
	Performing an LRE Upgrade			12-25
	Global Configuration of LRE Upgrades					12-25
	Controller Configuration of LRE Upgrades						12-25
	LRE Upgrade Details		12-26
	LRE Upgrade Example			12-27
	Displaying LRE Status	12-27
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C H A P T E R 13	Configuring STP 13-1
	Understanding Spanning-Tree Features		13-1
	STP Overview 13-2
	Spanning-Tree Topology and BPDUs		13-2
	Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID 13-3
	Spanning-Tree Interface States 13-4
	Blocking State	13-6
	Listening State	13-6
	Learning State	13-6
	Forwarding State	13-6
	Disabled State	13-7

How a Switch or Port Becomes the Root Switch or Root Port						13-7
Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity				13-8
Spanning-Tree Address Management			13-8
Accelerated Aging to Retain Connectivity				13-8
Spanning-Tree Modes and Protocols			13-9
Supported Spanning-Tree Instances			13-9
Spanning-Tree Interoperability and Backward Compatibility						13-10
STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks	13-10
Configuring Spanning-Tree Features		13-11
Default Spanning-Tree Configuration			13-11
Spanning-Tree Configuration Guidelines				13-12
Changing the Spanning-Tree Mode			13-13
Disabling Spanning Tree 13-14
Configuring the Root Switch	13-14
Configuring a Secondary Root Switch			13-16
Configuring the Port Priority	13-17
Configuring the Path Cost	13-18
Configuring the Switch Priority of a VLAN				13-20
Configuring Spanning-Tree Timers		13-20
Configuring the Hello Time		13-21
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a VLAN					13-22
Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a VLAN					13-22
Configuring Spanning Tree for Use in a Cascaded Stack						13-23
Displaying the Spanning-Tree Status		13-24

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C H A P T E R 14	Configuring MSTP	14-1
	Understanding MSTP		14-2
	Multiple Spanning-Tree Regions					14-2
	IST, CIST, and CST		14-3
	Operations Within an MST Region						14-3
	Operations Between MST Regions						14-4
	Hop Count	14-5
	Boundary Ports 14-5
	Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP						14-5
	Understanding RSTP		14-6
	Port Roles and the Active Topology 14-6
	Rapid Convergence 14-7
	Synchronization of Port Roles					14-8
	Bridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing 14-9
	Processing Superior BPDU Information							14-10
	Processing Inferior BPDU Information							14-10
	Topology Changes		14-10
	Configuring MSTP Features 14-11
	Default MSTP Configuration				14-12
	MSTP Configuration Guidelines					14-12
	Specifying the MST Region Configuration and Enabling MSTP 14-13
	Configuring the Root Switch				14-14
	Configuring a Secondary Root Switch						14-16
	Configuring the Port Priority				14-17
	Configuring the Path Cost			14-18
	Configuring the Switch Priority					14-19
	Configuring the Hello Time			14-19
	Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time						14-20
	Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time						14-21
	Configuring the Maximum-Hop Count						14-21

		Specifying the Link Type to Ensure Rapid Transitions 14-22
		Restarting the Protocol Migration Process		14-22
		Displaying the MST Configuration and Status		14-23
		Configuring Optional Spanning-Tree Features
C H A P T E R 15				15-1
		Understanding Optional Spanning-Tree Features		15-1
		Understanding Port Fast 15-2
		Understanding BPDU Guard	15-2
		Understanding BPDU Filtering	15-3
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				Understanding UplinkFast			15-3
				Understanding Cross-Stack UplinkFast						15-5
				How CSUF Works		15-6
				Events that Cause Fast Convergence						15-7
				Limitations	15-8
				Connecting the Stack Ports				15-8
				Understanding BackboneFast				15-9
				Understanding EtherChannel Guard					15-12
				Understanding Root Guard			15-12
				Understanding Loop Guard			15-13
				Configuring Optional Spanning-Tree Features						15-13
				Default Optional Spanning-Tree Configuration							15-14
				Optional Spanning-Tree Configuration Guidelines								15-14
				Enabling Port Fast	15-14
				Enabling BPDU Guard		15-15
				Enabling BPDU Filtering 15-16
				Enabling UplinkFast for Use with Redundant Links								15-17
				Enabling Cross-Stack UplinkFast				15-18
				Enabling BackboneFast		15-19
				Enabling EtherChannel Guard				15-20
				Enabling Root Guard		15-21
				Enabling Loop Guard		15-21
				Displaying the Spanning-Tree Status				15-22
				Configuring VLANs 16-1
C H A P T E R 16
				Understanding VLANs	16-1
				Supported VLANs	16-2
				VLAN Port Membership Modes				16-3
				Configuring Normal-Range VLANs				16-4
				Token Ring VLANs	16-5
				Normal-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines							16-5
				VLAN Configuration Mode Options					16-6
				VLAN Configuration in config-vlan Mode							16-6
				VLAN Configuration in VLAN Configuration Mode 16-6
				Saving VLAN Configuration			16-7
				Default Ethernet VLAN Configuration					16-7
				Creating or Modifying an Ethernet VLAN						16-8
				Deleting a VLAN	16-10
				Assigning Static-Access Ports to a VLAN						16-11
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Configuring Extended-Range VLANs			16-11
Default VLAN Configuration 16-12
Extended-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines							16-12
Creating an Extended-Range VLAN				16-13
Displaying VLANs	16-14
Configuring VLAN Trunks		16-14
Trunking Overview		16-14
IEEE 802.1Q Configuration Considerations							16-16
Default Layer 2 Ethernet Interface VLAN Configuration								16-17
Configuring an Ethernet Interface as a Trunk Port							16-17
Interaction with Other Features				16-17
Configuring a Trunk Port			16-18
Defining the Allowed VLANs on a Trunk						16-19
Changing the Pruning-Eligible List					16-20
Configuring the Native VLAN for Untagged Traffic								16-20
Load Sharing Using STP 16-21
Load Sharing Using STP Port Priorities						16-21
Load Sharing Using STP Path Cost					16-23
Configuring VMPS	16-24
Understanding VMPS		16-25
Dynamic Port VLAN Membership					16-25
VMPS Database Configuration File					16-26
Default VMPS Client Configuration				16-26
VMPS Configuration Guidelines			16-26
Configuring the VMPS Client			16-27

Entering the IP Address of the VMPS	16-27
Configuring Dynamic Access Ports on VMPS Clients 16-28
Reconfirming VLAN Memberships 16-28
Changing the Reconfirmation Interval	16-29
Changing the Retry Count 16-29

	Monitoring the VMPS 16-30
	Troubleshooting Dynamic Port VLAN Membership 16-30
	VMPS Configuration Example 16-31
	Configuring VTP
C H A P T E R 17		17-1
	Understanding VTP		17-1
	The VTP Domain		17-2
	VTP Modes	17-3

	VTP Advertisements	17-3
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				VTP Version 2	17-4
				VTP Pruning	17-4
				Configuring VTP	17-6
				Default VTP Configuration					17-6
				VTP Configuration Options					17-7
				VTP Configuration in Global Configuration Mode								17-7
				VTP Configuration in VLAN Configuration Mode								17-7
				VTP Configuration Guidelines 17-8
				Domain Names			17-8
				Passwords		17-8
				Upgrading from Previous Software Releases 17-8
				VTP Version		17-9
				Configuration Requirements						17-9
				Configuring a VTP Server					17-9
				Configuring a VTP Client					17-11
				Disabling VTP (VTP Transparent Mode)							17-12
				Enabling VTP Version 2				17-13
				Enabling VTP Pruning			17-14
				Adding a VTP Client Switch to a VTP Domain 17-15
				Monitoring VTP	17-16
				Configuring Voice VLAN
C H A P T E R 18						18-1
				Understanding Voice VLAN				18-1
				Configuring Voice VLAN			18-2
				Default Voice VLAN Configuration						18-2
				Voice VLAN Configuration Guidelines							18-3
				Configuring a Port to Connect to a Cisco 7960 IP Phone								18-3
				Configuring Ports to Carry Voice Traffic in IEEE 802.1Q Frames 18-4
				Configuring Ports to Carry Voice Traffic in IEEE 802.1p Priority-Tagged Frames									18-4
				Overriding the CoS Priority of Incoming Data Frames 18-5
				Configuring the IP Phone to Trust the CoS Priority of Incoming Data Frames									18-6
				Displaying Voice VLAN			18-6
				Configuring DHCP Features
C H A P T E R 19							19-1
				Understanding DHCP Features					19-1
				DHCP Server	19-2
				DHCP Relay Agent			19-2
				DHCP Snooping		19-2
				Option-82 Data Insertion					19-3
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		Configuring DHCP Features		19-5
		Default DHCP Configuration			19-6
		DHCP Snooping Configuration Guidelines 19-6
		Configuring the DHCP Server			19-7
		Enabling DHCP Snooping and Option 82						19-7
		Displaying DHCP Information		19-8
		Configuring IGMP Snooping and MVR
C H A P T E R 20						20-1
		Understanding IGMP Snooping			20-2
		IGMP Versions	20-2
		Joining a Multicast Group			20-3
		Leaving a Multicast Group			20-5
		Immediate-Leave Processing			20-5
		IGMP Configurable-Leave Timer				20-5
		IGMP Leave Timer Guidelines					20-6
		IGMP Report Suppression			20-6
		IGMP Snooping Querier Configuration Guidelines and Restrictions 20-6
		Source-Only Networks		20-7
		Configuring IGMP Snooping		20-7
		Default IGMP Snooping Configuration						20-8
		Enabling or Disabling IGMP Snooping						20-8
		Setting the Snooping Method 20-9
		Configuring a Multicast Router Port					20-10
		Configuring a Host Statically to Join a Group							20-10
		Enabling IGMP Immediate-Leave Processing							20-11
		Configuring the IGMP Leave Timer					20-12
		Disabling IGMP Report Suppression					20-12
		Disabling IP Multicast-Source-Only Learning							20-13
		Configuring the Aging Time			20-14
		Configuring the IGMP Snooping Querier						20-14
		Displaying IGMP Snooping Information					20-15
		Understanding Multicast VLAN Registration						20-16
		Using MVR in a Multicast Television Application 20-17
		Configuring MVR	20-19
		Default MVR Configuration			20-19
		MVR Configuration Guidelines and Limitations							20-19
		Configuring MVR Global Parameters					20-20
		Configuring MVR Interfaces			20-21
		Displaying MVR Information		20-22
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Configuring IGMP Filtering and Throttling 20-23
Default IGMP Filtering and Throttling Configuration 20-23
Configuring IGMP Profiles	20-24
Applying IGMP Profiles	20-25

				Setting the Maximum Number of IGMP Groups									20-26
				Configuring the IGMP Throttling Action							20-26
				Displaying IGMP Filtering and Throttling Configuration									20-28
				Configuring Port-Based Traffic Control
C H A P T E R 21										21-1
				Configuring Storm Control			21-1
				Understanding Storm Control					21-1
				Default Storm Control Configuration						21-2
				Configuring Storm Control and Threshold Levels									21-2
				Configuring Protected Ports				21-4
				Configuring Port Blocking			21-5
				Blocking Flooded Traffic on an Interface							21-5
				Resuming Normal Forwarding on a Port							21-6
				Configuring Port Security			21-6
				Understanding Port Security					21-6
				Secure MAC Addresses					21-6
				Security Violations				21-7
				Default Port Security Configuration						21-8
				Port Security Configuration Guidelines							21-8
				Enabling and Configuring Port Security							21-9
				Enabling and Configuring Port Security Aging								21-11
				Displaying Port-Based Traffic Control Settings 21-13
				Configuring UDLD
C H A P T E R 22					22-1
				Understanding UDLD 22-1
				Modes of Operation		22-1
				Methods to Detect Unidirectional Links							22-2
				Configuring UDLD	22-4
				Default UDLD Configuration					22-4
				Configuration Guidelines				22-4
				Enabling UDLD Globally				22-5
				Enabling UDLD on an Interface					22-6
				Resetting an Interface Shut Down by UDLD								22-6
				Displaying UDLD Status		22-7
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C H A P T E R 23	Configuring CDP 23-1
	Understanding CDP	23-1
	Configuring CDP	23-2
	Default CDP Configuration			23-2
	Configuring the CDP Characteristics 23-2
	Disabling and Enabling CDP			23-3
	Disabling and Enabling CDP on an Interface				23-4
	Monitoring and Maintaining CDP			23-5
	Configuring SPAN and RSPAN 24-1
C H A P T E R 24
	Understanding SPAN and RSPAN			24-1
	SPAN and RSPAN Concepts and Terminology				24-3
	SPAN Session		24-3
	Traffic Types		24-3
	Source Port		24-4
	Destination Port 24-4
	Reflector Port		24-5
	SPAN Traffic		24-5

	SPAN and RSPAN Interaction with Other Features 24-6
	SPAN and RSPAN Session Limits		24-7
	Default SPAN and RSPAN Configuration			24-7
	Configuring SPAN	24-7
	SPAN Configuration Guidelines		24-7
	Creating a SPAN Session and Specifying Ports to Monitor 24-8
	Creating a SPAN Session and Enabling Ingress Traffic 24-9
	Removing Ports from a SPAN Session			24-11
	Configuring RSPAN	24-12
	RSPAN Configuration Guidelines		24-12
	Configuring a VLAN as an RSPAN VLAN			24-13
	Creating an RSPAN Source Session 24-14
	Creating an RSPAN Destination Session			24-15
	Removing Ports from an RSPAN Session			24-16
	Displaying SPAN and RSPAN Status		24-17
	Configuring RMON
C H A P T E R 25		25-1
	Understanding RMON 25-1
	Configuring RMON	25-2

	Default RMON Configuration	25-3
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	Configuring RMON Alarms and Events			25-3
	Configuring RMON Collection on an Interface 25-5
	Displaying RMON Status 25-6
	Configuring System Message Logging
C H A P T E R 26			26-1
	Understanding System Message Logging			26-1
	Configuring System Message Logging		26-2
	System Log Message Format	26-2
	Default System Message Logging Configuration				26-3
	Disabling and Enabling Message Logging 26-4
	Setting the Message Display Destination Device				26-4
	Synchronizing Log Messages	26-6
	Enabling and Disabling Timestamps on Log Messages 26-7
	Enabling and Disabling Sequence Numbers in Log Messages 26-8
	Defining the Message Severity Level			26-8

				Limiting Syslog Messages Sent to the History Table and to SNMP 26-9
				Configuring UNIX Syslog Servers			26-10
				Logging Messages to a UNIX Syslog Daemon					26-11
				Configuring the UNIX System Logging Facility					26-11
				Displaying the Logging Configuration			26-12
				Configuring SNMP 27-1
C H A P T E R 27
				Understanding SNMP	27-1
				SNMP Versions	27-2
				SNMP Manager Functions		27-3
				SNMP Agent Functions 27-4
				SNMP Community Strings		27-4
				Using SNMP to Access MIB Variables				27-4
				SNMP Notifications 27-5
				Configuring SNMP	27-6
				Default SNMP Configuration		27-6
				SNMP Configuration Guidelines			27-6
				Disabling the SNMP Agent		27-7
				Configuring Community Strings			27-8
				Configuring SNMP Groups and Users				27-9
				Configuring SNMP Notifications			27-11
				Setting the Agent Contact and Location Information					27-14
				Limiting TFTP Servers Used Through SNMP 27-14
				SNMP Examples	27-15
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		Displaying SNMP Status			27-16
		Configuring Network Security with ACLs
C H A P T E R 28							28-1
		Understanding ACLs		28-2
		Handling Fragmented and Unfragmented Traffic							28-3
		Understanding Access Control Parameters						28-4
		Guidelines for Applying ACLs to Physical Interfaces								28-6
		Configuring ACLs	28-6
		Unsupported Features			28-7
		Creating Standard and Extended IP ACLs						28-7
		ACL Numbers 28-8
		Creating a Numbered Standard ACL						28-8
		Creating a Numbered Extended ACL						28-10
		Creating Named Standard and Extended ACLs								28-13
		Applying Time Ranges to ACLs					28-14
		Including Comments About Entries in ACLs							28-16
		Creating Named MAC Extended ACLs					28-17
		Creating MAC Access Groups 28-18
		Applying ACLs to Terminal Lines or Physical Interfaces								28-18
		Applying ACLs to a Terminal Line 28-19
		Applying ACLs to a Physical Interface					28-20
		Displaying ACL Information			28-20
		Displaying ACLs		28-20
		Displaying Access Groups				28-22
		Examples for Compiling ACLs				28-23
		Numbered ACL Examples				28-24
		Extended ACL Examples				28-24
		Named ACL Example			28-24
		Commented IP ACL Entry Examples					28-25
		Configuring QoS 29-1
C H A P T E R 29
		Understanding QoS		29-2
		Basic QoS Model		29-4
		Classification	29-5
		Classification Based on QoS ACLs 29-5
		Classification Based on Class Maps and Policy Maps 29-6
		Policing and Marking			29-7
		Mapping Tables		29-8
		Queueing and Scheduling				29-8
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How Class of Service Works					29-8
Port Priority	29-8
Port Scheduling		29-9
Egress CoS Queues			29-9
Configuring Auto-QoS	29-10
Generated Auto-QoS Configuration					29-10
Effects of Auto-QoS on the Configuration 29-12
Configuration Guidelines			29-13
Upgrading from a Previous Software Release 29-13
Enabling Auto-QoS for VoIP				29-14
Displaying Auto-QoS Information				29-15
Auto-QoS Configuration Example				29-15
Configuring Standard QoS		29-18

				Default Standard QoS Configuration				29-18
				Configuration Guidelines	29-19
				Configuring Classification Using Port Trust States						29-20
				Configuring the Trust State on Ports within the QoS Domain							29-20
				Configuring the CoS Value for an Interface					29-22
				Configuring Trusted Boundary			29-23
				Enabling Pass-Through Mode			29-25
				Configuring a QoS Policy	29-26
				Classifying Traffic by Using ACLs				29-27
				Classifying Traffic by Using Class Maps					29-30
				Classifying, Policing, and Marking Traffic by Using Policy Maps 29-31
				Configuring CoS Maps	29-34
				Configuring the CoS-to-DSCP Map				29-35
				Configuring the DSCP-to-CoS Map				29-36
				Configuring the Egress Queues		29-37
				Configuring CoS Priority Queues				29-37
				Configuring WRR Priority		29-38
				Enabling the Expedite Queue and Configuring WRR Priority							29-38
				Displaying Standard QoS Information			29-39
				Standard QoS Configuration Examples			29-39
				QoS Configuration for the Existing Wiring Closet						29-40
				QoS Configuration for the Intelligent Wiring Closet						29-41
				Configuring EtherChannels 30-1
C H A P T E R 30
				Understanding EtherChannels	30-1
				Understanding Port-Channel Interfaces				30-2
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Understanding the Port Aggregation Protocol and Link Aggregation Protocol 30-3
PAgP and LACP Modes 30-4
Physical Learners and Aggregate-Port Learners	30-5
PAgP and LACP Interaction with Other Features	30-6

		Understanding Load Balancing and Forwarding Methods								30-6
		Configuring EtherChannels		30-7
		Default EtherChannel Configuration				30-8
		EtherChannel Configuration Guidelines					30-8
		Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannels				30-9
		Configuring EtherChannel Load Balancing						30-11
		Configuring the PAgP Learn Method and Priority							30-12
		Configuring the LACP Port Priority				30-12
		Configuring Hot Standby Ports			30-13
		Configuring the LACP System Priority					30-13
		Displaying EtherChannel, PAgP, and LACP Status						30-14
		Troubleshooting
C H A P T E R 31			31-1
		Using Recovery Procedures		31-1
		Recovering from a Software Failure				31-2
		Recovering from Lost or Forgotten Passwords on Non-LRE Catalyst 2950 Switches 31-2
		Recovering from Lost or Forgotten Passwords on Catalyst 2950 LRE Switches 31-4
		Password Recovery with Password Recovery Enabled								31-5
		Procedure with Password Recovery Disabled							31-6
		Recovering from Lost or Forgotten Passwords on Catalyst 2955 Switches 31-8
		Recovering from a Command Switch Failure						31-10
		Replacing a Failed Command Switch with a Cluster Member									31-10
		Replacing a Failed Command Switch with Another Switch									31-12
		Recovering from Lost Member Connectivity						31-13
		Preventing Autonegotiation Mismatches					31-14
		GBIC and SFP Module Security and Identification						31-14
		Diagnosing Connectivity Problems			31-14
		Using Ping	31-15
		Understanding Ping		31-15
		Executing Ping 31-15
		Using Layer 2 Traceroute		31-16
		Understanding Layer 2 Traceroute					31-16
		Usage Guidelines		31-16
		Displaying the Physical Path				31-17
		Diagnosing LRE Connection Problems				31-18
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		Using Debug Commands		31-19
		Enabling Debugging on a Specific Feature 31-20
		Enabling All-System Diagnostics			31-20
		Redirecting Debug and Error Message Output 31-20
		Using the debug auto qos Command				31-21
		Using the show controllers Commands				31-22
		Using the crashinfo File		31-22
		Supported MIBs A-1
A P P E N D I X	A
		MIB List A-1
		Using FTP to Access the MIB Files A-3
		Working with the Cisco IOS File System, Configuration Files, and Software Images B-1
A P P E N D I X	B
		Working with the Flash File System			B-1
		Displaying Available File Systems				B-2
		Setting the Default File System			B-3
		Displaying Information about Files on a File System B-3
		Changing Directories and Displaying the Working Directory B-4
		Creating and Removing Directories				B-4
		Copying Files	B-5
		Deleting Files	B-5

			Creating, Displaying, and Extracting tar Files B-6
			Creating a tar File	B-6
			Displaying the Contents of a tar File		B-7
			Extracting a tar File	B-7
			Displaying the Contents of a File B-8
			Working with Configuration Files B-8
			Guidelines for Creating and Using Configuration Files			B-9
			Configuration File Types and Location B-10
			Creating a Configuration File By Using a Text Editor			B-10
			Copying Configuration Files By Using TFTP		B-10
			Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File By Using TFTP				B-10
			Downloading the Configuration File By Using TFTP B-11
			Uploading the Configuration File By Using TFTP			B-12
			Copying Configuration Files By Using FTP		B-12
			Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File By Using FTP				B-13
			Downloading a Configuration File By Using FTP			B-13
			Uploading a Configuration File By Using FTP B-14
			Copying Configuration Files By Using RCP		B-15
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B-32

B-30

B-26 B-27

B-24

B-22

B-19

B-19 B-19

B-29

B-25

B-22

B-20

B-17 B-18

Contents

Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File By Using RCP B-16

Downloading a Configuration File By Using RCP

Uploading a Configuration File By Using RCP

Clearing Configuration Information B-19

Clearing the Startup Configuration File

Deleting a Stored Configuration File

Working with Software Images

Image Location on the Switch B-20

tar File Format of Images on a Server or Cisco.com

Copying Image Files By Using TFTP B-21

Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using TFTP

Downloading an Image File By Using TFTP

Uploading an Image File By Using TFTP

Copying Image Files By Using FTP B-24

Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using FTP

Downloading an Image File By Using FTP

Uploading an Image File By Using FTP

Copying Image Files By Using RCP B-28

Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using RCP

Downloading an Image File By Using RCP

Uploading an Image File By Using RCP

I N D E X

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Contents

Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switch Software Configuration Guide

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Preface

Audience

This guide is for the networking professional managing the Catalyst 2950 and 2955 switches, hereafter referred to as the switches. Before using this guide, you should have experience working with the Cisco IOS and be familiar with the concepts and terminology of Ethernet and local area networking.

Purpose

This guide provides the information you need to configure software features on your switch. The Catalyst 2950 switch is supported by either the standard software image (SI) or the enhanced software image (EI). The Catalyst 2955 and Catalyst 2950 Long-Reach Ethernet (LRE) switches are supported only by the EI.

The EI provides a richer set of features, including access control lists (ACLs), enhanced quality of service (QoS) features, extended-range VLANs, Remote Switched Port Analyzer (RSPAN), and unicast MAC address filtering. The cryptographic EI provides support for the Secure Shell Protocol (SSP). For a list of switches that support the SI and the EI, see Table 1-1 in Chapter 1, “Overview.”

The Catalyst 2955 switch also supports an additional set of features that are described in Chapter 3, “Configuring Catalyst 2955 Switch Alarms.” The switch has facilities to process alarms related to the temperature, power supply conditions, and status of the Ethernet ports.

Use this guide with other documents for information about these topics:

•Requirements—This guide assumes that you have met the hardware and software requirements and cluster compatibility requirements described in the release notes.

•Start-up information—This guide assumes that you have assigned switch IP information and passwords by using the browser setup program described in the switch hardware installation guide.

•Embedded device manager and Network Assistant graphical user interfaces (GUIs)—This guide does not provide detailed information on the GUIs. However, the concepts in this guide are applicable to the GUI user. For information about the device manager, see the switch online help. For information about Network Assistant, see the Getting Started with Cisco Network Assistant, available on Cisco.com.

•Cluster configuration—For information about planning for, creating, and maintaining switch clusters, see the Getting Started with Cisco Network Assistant, available on Cisco.com. For information about the clustering-related command-line interface (CLI) commands, see the command reference for this release.

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Preface

Conventions

•CLI command information—This guide provides an overview for using the CLI. For complete syntax and usage information about the commands that have been specifically created or changed for the switches, see the command reference for this release.

This guide provides procedures for using the commands that have been created or changed for use with the switch. It does not provide detailed information about these commands. For detailed information about these commands, see the command reference for this release.

This guide does not repeat the concepts and CLI procedures provided in the standard Cisco IOS Release 12.1 documentation. For information about the standard Cisco IOS Release 12.1 commands, see the Cisco IOS documentation set available from the Cisco.com home page at Service and Support > Technical Documents. On the Cisco Product Documentation home page, select Release 12.1 from the Cisco IOS Software drop-down list.

This guide does not describe system messages you might encounter or how to install your switch. For this information, see the system message guide for this release and to the hardware installation guide.

For documentation updates, see the release notes for this release.

Conventions

This publication uses these conventions to convey instructions and information:

Command descriptions use these conventions:

•Commands and keywords are in boldface text.

•Arguments for which you supply values are in italic.

•Square brackets ([ ]) mean optional elements.

•Braces ({ }) group required choices, and vertical bars ( | ) separate the alternative elements.

•Braces and vertical bars within square brackets ([{ | }]) mean a required choice within an optional element.

Interactive examples use these conventions:

•Terminal sessions and system displays are in screen font.

•Information you enter is in boldface screen font.

•Nonprinting characters, such as passwords or tabs, are in angle brackets (< >). Notes, cautions, and timesavers use these conventions and symbols:

Note Means reader take note. Notes contain helpful suggestions or references to materials not contained in this manual.

Caution Means reader be careful. In this situation, you might do something that could result equipment damage or loss of data.

Timesaver Means the following will help you solve a problem. The tips information might not be troubleshooting or even an action, but could be useful information.

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Preface

Related Publications

Related Publications

These documents provide complete information about the switch and are available from this Cisco.com site:

http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/cat2950/index.htm

You can order printed copies of documents with a DOC-xxxxxx= number from the Cisco.com sites and from the telephone numbers listed in the “Obtaining Documentation” section on page Boilerplate 1.

•Release Notes for the Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switches (not orderable but available on Cisco.com)

Note Switch requirements and procedures for initial configurations and software upgrades tend to change and therefore appear only in the release notes. Before installing, configuring, or upgrading the switch, see the release notes on Cisco.com for the latest information.

For information about the switch, see these documents:

•Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switch Software Configuration Guide (order number DOC-7811380=)

•Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switch Command Reference (order number DOC-7811381=)

•Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switch System Message Guide (order number DOC-7814233=)

•Device manager online help (available on the switch)

•Catalyst 2950 Switch Hardware Installation Guide (not orderable but available on Cisco.com)

•Catalyst 2950 Switch Getting Started Guide (order number DOC-1786521=)

•Regulatory Compliance and Safety Information for the Catalyst 2950 Switch (order number DOC-7816625=)

•Catalyst 2955 Switch Hardware Installation Guide (order number DOC-7814944=)

For information about related products, see these documents:

•Getting Started with Cisco Network Assistant (not orderable but available on Cisco.com)

•Release Notes for Cisco Network Assistant (not orderable but available on Cisco.com)

•Catalyst GigaStack Gigabit Interface Converter Hardware Installation Guide

(order number DOC-786460=)

•CWDM Passive Optical System Installation Note (not orderable but is available on Cisco.com)

•1000BASE-T Gigabit Interface Converter Installation Notes (not orderable but is available on Cisco.com)

•Cisco Small Form-Factor Pluggable Modules Installation Notes (order number DOC-7815160=)

•Cisco CWDM GBIC and CWDM SFP Installation Note (not orderable but available on Cisco.com)

Obtaining Documentation

Cisco documentation and additional literature are available on Cisco.com. Cisco also provides several ways to obtain technical assistance and other technical resources. These sections explain how to obtain technical information from Cisco Systems.

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Preface

Obtaining Documentation

Cisco.com

You can access the most current Cisco documentation at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/techsupport

You can access the Cisco website at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com

You can access international Cisco websites at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/public/countries_languages.shtml

Product Documentation DVD

Cisco documentation and additional literature are available in the Product Documentation DVD package, which may have shipped with your product. The Product Documentation DVD is updated regularly and may be more current than printed documentation.

The Product Documentation DVD is a comprehensive library of technical product documentation on portable media. The DVD enables you to access multiple versions of hardware and software installation, configuration, and command guides for Cisco products and to view technical documentation in HTML. With the DVD, you have access to the same documentation that is found on the Cisco website without being connected to the Internet. Certain products also have .pdf versions of the documentation available.

The Product Documentation DVD is available as a single unit or as a subscription. Registered Cisco.com users (Cisco direct customers) can order a Product Documentation DVD (product number DOC-DOCDVD=) from the Ordering tool or Cisco Marketplace.

Cisco Ordering tool:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/ordering/

Cisco Marketplace:

http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/

Ordering Documentation

Beginning June 30, 2005, registered Cisco.com users may order Cisco documentation at the Product Documentation Store in the Cisco Marketplace at this URL:

http://www.cisco.com/go/marketplace/

Cisco will continue to support documentation orders using the Ordering tool:

•Registered Cisco.com users (Cisco direct customers) can order documentation from the Ordering tool:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/partner/ordering/

•Instructions for ordering documentation using the Ordering tool are at this URL: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/es_inpck/pdi.htm

•Nonregistered Cisco.com users can order documentation through a local account representative by calling Cisco Systems Corporate Headquarters (California, USA) at 408 526-7208 or, elsewhere in North America, by calling 1 800 553-NETS (6387).

Catalyst 2950 and Catalyst 2955 Switch Software Configuration Guide

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