Product Identification:
Operation Manual, KjelDigester K-446/K-449
115 9354 6 en
Publication date:
09.2013, Version A
BÜCHI Labortechnik AG
Meierseggstrasse 40
Postfach
CH-9230 Flawil 1
E-Mail: quality@buchi.com
BUCHI reserves the right to make changes to the manual as deemed necessary in the light of experience; especially in respect to structure, illustrations and technical detail.
This manual is copyright. Information from it may not be reproduced, distributed, or used for competitive purposes, nor made available to third parties. The manufacture of any component with the aid of this manual without
prior written agreement is also prohibited.
Table of contents
1 General 7
1.1 About this manual ...................................................................................... 7
1.1.1 Structure of the manual .................................................................... 7
1.1.2 Additional user information ............................................................... 8
1.1.3 Available languages .......................................................................... 8
11.1 FCC requirements (for USA and Canada) ................................................. 69
11.2 Declaration of conformity .......................................................................... 70
Index .................................................................................. 71
6KjelDigester K-446/K-449 Operation Manual
1 General
This manual describes the KjelDigester K-446 and K-449 and provides all information required
for its safe operation and to maintain it in good working order.
It is addressed to laboratory personnel in particular.
1.1 About this manual
Read this manual carefully before installing and running the device. Note the safety precautions
in chapter 2 in particular. Store the manual in the immediate vicinity of the device, so that it can
be consulted at any time.
1.1.1 Structure of the manual
The operation manual consists of 11 chapters which cover all information relevant to the operator of the device.
1 General
ChapterMeaning
1 GeneralGives a general overview about the manual and device. It also
gives a brief information on how to use this manual and other
general information.
2 SafetyDescribes the safety concept of the device and contains gen-
eral rules of behavior and warnings from hazards concerning
the use of the product.
3 Technical dataIntroduces the reader to the device specifications. It contains
technical data, requirements and performance data.
4 Description of functionExplains the basic principle of the device, shows how it is
structured and gives a functional description of the assemblies.
5 InstallationDescribes how the device is installed and gives instructions on
initial startup.
6 OperationGives examples of typical device applications and instructions
on how to operate the device properly and safely.
7 MaintenanceGives instructions on all maintenance work to be performed in
order to keep the device in good working condition.
8 TroubleshootingHelps to resume operation after a minor problem has oc-
curred. It lists possible occurrences, their probable cause and
suggests how to remedy the problem. Explains checks for
troubleshooting and maintenance.
9 Taking out of operationInstructs how to store and dispose the device. It also instructs
users for the reuse after a storage period.
10 Spare partsLists spare parts, accessories, and options including their
The page number in the footer contains the current chapter (e.g. 1 – 12) and the page number
(e.g. 1 – 12).
Cross-references
Cross-References consist at least the chapter and the page number (1 – 12).
NOTE
Paragraphs starting with NOTE transport helpful information for working with the device/software.
NOTE’s are not related to any kind of hazard or damage.
1.1.3 Available languages
This operation manual is available in the following languages:
No technical modifications may be made to the device without the prior written agreement of
BUCHI. Unauthorized modifications may affect the system safety or result in accidents.
1.2.2 Type plate
Type plate is located on the right side of the KjelDigester.
1 General
Fig. 1.1 Key of type plate (example)
a Device namee Maximum power rating
b Serial numberf Year of manufacture
c Input voltage rangeg Country of manufacture
d Frequency of input voltage
1 – 9Operation Manual KjelDigester K-446/K-449
1 General
1.3 Scope of delivery
DescriptionQtyOrder number
KjelDigester
∙ K-446 with standard suction module
∙ K-446 suction module with condensate trap
∙ K-449 with standard suction module
∙ K-449 suction module with condensate trap
∙ Type C H
∙ Type Schuko
∙ Type GB
∙ Type U SA
∙ Type AUS
1
–
–
–
–
–
010010
010016
0178 35
033763
0178 36
–
–
1 – 10
KjelDigester K-446/K-449 Operation Manual
2 Safety
The safety of the user and personnel can only be ensured if the safety instructions and the safety
related warnings in the individual chapters are strictly observed and followed. Therefore, the
manual must always be available to all persons performing tasks described herein.
2.1 User qualifications
Before using the KjelDigester the operation manual must be read and understood.
The device may only be used by laboratory personnel and other persons who on account of
training or professional experience have an overview of the dangers which can develop when
operating the device.
2.2 Proper use
The KjelDigester has been designed and built for laboratories. It serves for the heating of concentrated H2SO4 for the oxidation of organic sample components.
2 Safety
2.3 Safety warnings
2.3.1 Warning explanation
DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION and NOTICE are standardized signal words for identifying levels
of hazard seriousness of risks related to personal injury and property damage. All signal words,
which are related to personal injury are accompanied by the general safety sign.
For the safety it is important to read and fully understand the table with the different signal words
and their definitions.
Sign Signal wordDefinitionRisk level
DANGER
WARNING
CAUTION
NOTICE
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, will result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, may result in serious injury or death.
Indicates a hazardous situation which, if not
avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.
Indicates possible material damage, but no practices related to personal injury.
★★★★
★★★☆
★★☆☆
☆☆☆☆
Supplementary safety information symbols may be placed in a rectangular panel on the left to
the signal word and the supplementary text.
2 – 11Operation Manual KjelDigester K-446/K-449
2 Safety
Fig. 2.1 Example of warning
a Safety symbold Result of danger if not avoided
b Source of dangere Warning title
c Instruction to avoid danger
2.3.2 Symbols
The reference list incorporates safety symbols and their meaning. The symbols can occur in this
operation manual or on the device.
Warning safety symbols
SymbolMeaningSymbolMeaning
General warningCorrosive hazard
Electrical hazardFlammable
BiohazardExplosive environment
Broken glassInhalation harmful
Device damageHot surface
Hand bruisingMagnet
2 – 12
KjelDigester K-446/K-449 Operation Manual
Mandatory safety symbols
SymbolMeaningSymbolMeaning
Wear protective gogglesWear protective clothes
Wear protective glovesHeavy load, lift with assistance
2.4 General safety rules
2.4 .1 Responsibility of the operator
The head of the laboratory is responsible for training his personnel.
The operator shall inform the manufacturer without delay of any safety-related incidents which
might occur during operation of the device or its accessories.
2 Safety
Issues can be reported to the e-mail address: quality@buchi.com.
Legal regulations, such as local, state and federal laws applying to the device or its accessories
must be strictly followed.
2.4.2 Duty of maintenance and care
The operator is responsible for the proper condition of the device. This includes maintenance,
service and repair jobs that are performed on schedule by authorized personnel only.
2.4.3 Spare parts to be used
Use only genuine BUCHIconsumables and spare parts for maintenance to assure good system
performance, reliability and safety. Any modifications of spare parts or assemblies are only allowed with the prior written permission of BUCHI.
2.4.4 Modifications
Modifications to the device are only permitted after prior consultation and with the written approval of BUCHI. Modifications and upgrades shall only be carried out by an authorized BUCHI
technical engineer. BUCHI will decline any claim resulting from unauthorized modifications.
2 – 13Operation Manual KjelDigester K-446/K-449
2 Safety
2.5 Product safety
The device is designed and built in accordance with current state-of-the-art technology. Nevertheless, risks to users, property, and the environment can arise when the device is used carelessly or improperly.
BUCHI has identified the following residual dangers emanating from the device:
∙ The device is operated by insufficiently trained personnel.
∙ The device is not operated according to its proper use.
∙ Appropriate warnings in this manual serve to make the user alert to these residual dangers.
2.5.1 General hazards
The following safety messages show hazards of general kind which may occur when handling
the device. The user shall observe all listed counter measures in order to achieve and maintain
the lowest possible level of hazard.
Additional warning messages can be found whenever actions and situations described in this
manual are related to situational hazards.
DANGER
Risk of explosion with incorrect use of the device!
Death or serious injuries can result.
1. Do not store or operate the device in explosive environments.
2. Do not store chemicals in the vicinity of the device.
3. Operate the device in a fume hood with sufficient ventilation to directly withdraw fumes.
4. Use the user protection shield when working with H2O2 or larger amounts of
water (>10mL).
5. Follow the safety notes in the application notes.
WARNING
Risk of burns from flammable fumes!
Serious injuries or death can result.
1. Remove all sources of flammable fumes.
2. Do not store flammable chemicals in the vicinity of the device.
2 – 14
KjelDigester K-446/K-449 Operation Manual
WARNING
Risk of chemical burns from hot acid or peroxide fumes!
Serious injuries or death can result.
1. Do not operate the system with faulty parts.
2. Check device setup for proper sealing before use.
3. Do not inhale process fumes.
4. Operate the device inside an active fume hood.
5. Use a Scrubber or water jet pump to neutralize exhaust fumes.
6. Do not move the device or parts of it during digestion.
7. Always wear the personnel protective equipment.
CAUTION
Risk of hot machine parts and glassware!
Minor or moderate burns can result.
1. Do not touch hot parts or surfaces.
2. Let the system and inserted glassware cool down safely.
3. Do not move the device or parts of it when hot.
2 Safety
Risk of spilled liquids or mechanical shocks.
Liquids leaking into the housing or mechanical shocks can damage the device.
1. Do not spill liquids over the device or its components
2. Do not move the device when it is loaded with sample liquid
3. Do not drop the device or its components
4. Keep external vibrations away from the device
5. Safely attach the device to the bench in earthquake prone regions
6. For H2O2 or TKN applications, do not operate the device without the user
protection shield installed.
2.5.2 Specific hazard
H2O2 or TKN digestion
Using H2O2 or TKN for the digestion makes it mandatory to perform the following steps to keep
the work place as safe as possible.
NOTICE
2 – 15Operation Manual KjelDigester K-446/K-449
2 Safety
WARNING
Risk of explosion and chemical burns!
Serious injuries or death can result.
1. Wear the personal protective equipment.
2. Make sure all components are in proper working condition.
3. Operate the device inside an active fume hood.
4. Follow the safety instructions in the application notes.
1. Use the user protection shield at any time during sample preparation and during
digestion (both H2O2 and TKN).
∙ User protection shield, installation, (5–32).
2. Use a suitable dosing device with tube to safely dose H2O2.
3. Preparation and digestion needs to be done within an active fume hood.
2.5.3 Personal protective equipment
Always wear personal protective equipment such as protective eye goggles, protective clothing
and gloves. The personal protective equipment must meet all requirements of all MSDS for the
chemicals used.
2.5.4 Built-in safety elements and measures
Glassware
All original BUCHI glass parts are made of high temperature, chemical resistant borosilicate glass
and optimal match the heating block.
Heating block
The heating block is equipped with a safety overtemperature switch. In case of a temperature
above 500°C the heating block will be switched off and the KjelDigester starts a continuous
beeping sound.
Fume removal
Acid fumes generated during digestion accumulate in the suction module.
The fumes must be safely withdrawn from the suction module via a EPDM hose to a Scrubber
(e.g. Scrubber K-415) or via water jet pump into a sink with sufficient suction flow.
Lift (K-449)
The KjelDigester K-449 is equipped with a rechargeable battery. In case of a power failure the
lift moves up automatically.
2 – 16
Before the lift starts moving down automatically a beeping sound informs the operator.
Display2 rowLCD display2 rowLCD display
Resolution temperature display1°C1°C
Temperature range30 – 450 °C30 – 450 °C
Average temperature stability±1°C±1°C
Absolute temperature accuracy±7°C at 420°C±7°C at 420°C
3.2.1 Electrical system
DescriptionK-446K-449
Input voltage
Frequency50 – 60 Hz50 – 60 Hz
Power consumption max.2300W2300W
Output current, Scrubber0.7A0.7A
Fuse2× T10A/L250V2× T10A/L250V
up to 31°C, decreasing linearly to 50% relative
humidity at 40°C
3 – 18
KjelDigester K-446/K-449 Operation Manual
4 Description of function
4.1 Purpose and design
The KjelDigester is suitable for digestion processes with concentrated boiling H2SO4 and a catalyst. The digestion parameters are listed in the BUCHI Application Notes.
4.2 KjelDigester overview
4.2.1 Front and side view
4 Description of function
Fig. 4.1 KjelDigester front and side view
a Fume collection tubeg Fuse 10A/250V
b Suction tubeh Type plate
c Drip trayi Rack
d Suction hosej Lift (K-449 only)/bracket (K-446)
e Control panel, (4–22)k Suction module
f Cooling fan, electronic
4 – 19Operation Manual KjelDigester K-446/K-449
4 Description of function
4.2.2 Rear view
Fig. 4.2 KjelDigester rear view
a Eye boltc Interface Scrubber
b Power supply KjelDigester
4.2.3 Top-side view
4 – 20
Fig. 4.3 Heating block components
a Magnete Main switch
b Scrubber hose bracketf Measuring point for external temp. sensor
c Heating block coverg Rack support
d Drip tray holder
KjelDigester K-446/K-449 Operation Manual
4.3 Function
The KjelDigester is used to convert organic bound nitrogen (e.g. in proteins) in a sample into
ammonium sulfate. During the digestion process, acid fumes and reaction gases may emerge
and are handled by the Scrubber. The Scrubber is connected to the KjelDigester for neutralizing
acid fumes and adsorbing unpleasant odors.
4.3.1 Digestion process
The aluminum heating blockd generates high temperatures of up to 450°C in order to heat the
samplec up to 370°C (boiling point). The sample is digested in constantly boiling H2SO4. Hot
acid fumes rise into the condensation zoneb, condense and rinse back down to the sample
creating a constant reflux. Residual fumes which escape the condensation zone via the acid
fume outleta are highly corrosive and must be withdrawn and efficiently neutralized (e.g. with
the Scrubber K-415).
The condensation should not take place inside the safety zoneX in order to avoid shortening
the lifetime of the sealings. In case the condensation is too close to the suction module (e.g. due
to very high temperature settings or if too much catalyst was used) losses of nitrogen through
creating N2 are possible and the samples can dry out.
4 Description of function
Fig. 4.4 Function of the KjelDigester
X
Safety zone
c Boiling/digestion sample
a Acid fume outletd Heating block
b Condensation zone
4 – 21Operation Manual KjelDigester K-446/K-449
4 Description of function
4.4 Control panel
4.4.1 Control panel display
Fig. 4.5 K-449 Display
a Display, (4–22)c LED heating block (flashing), (4–22)
b LED heating block (on/off), (4–22)
Display
Shows various informations such as set and actual temperatures, heating and cooling time.
LED heating block (on/off)
On: The heating block is heating.
Off: The heating block is turned off and the temperature is below 60°C.
LED heating block (flashing)
The heating block is not heating but the temperature is above 60°C.
4.4.2 Control panel buttons
Fig. 4.6 KjelDigester K-449 control panel
4 – 22
a Time, (4–23)f Step, (4–23)
b Temperature, (4–23)g Increase/decrease value[+/-]
c Start, (4–23)h Enter
d Stop, (4–23)i Lift up/down, (4–23)
e Method, (4–23)
KjelDigester K-446/K-449 Operation Manual
4 Description of function
Time
Range 0 – 999minutes
Activates the heating time value for an adjustment.
Temperature
Range 30 – 450°C
Activates the heating temperature of the heating block for an adjustment.
Start
Starts a digestion process.
Stop
∙ Stops a digestion process.
∙ Enables access to the settings menu.
∙ Stops the Scrubber.
Method (K-449 only)
Range 0 – 9 methods
Up to 9 methods can be programmed. Each method contains 4 adjustable steps. In each step,
the temperature and time can be set. Also the cool down time can be adjusted.
NOTE
The first step is also used as the preheat function.
Method number0 is reserved for the manual mode on the K-449. No steps can be programed.
Step (K-449 only)
Allows to navigate forward within a method during editing.
Lift up/down (K-449 only)
Allows to move the rack up and down at any time.
4.4.3 Scrubber control (K-449 only)
5.5.6 Adjust the Scrubber control (K-449 only), (5–31).
Range 0 – 255 minutes
The Scrubber can be controlled via the KjelDigester. E.g. can the Scrubber be controlled intermitted for 1minute on, for 1minute off.
NOTE
An altered value will also be active during the cooling time in the automatic mode.
BUCHI recommends to leave this setting by default (on 0min:, off 0min.) unless a adjustment
becomes necessary due to a special application.
4 – 23Operation Manual KjelDigester K-446/K-449
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