Apple Using the GarageBand Jam Pack User Manual

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Using the GarageBand Jam Pack:
World Music Instruments
GarageBand Jam Pack: World Music contains over 40 new Software Instruments
featuring sounds from around the globe. You can use these instruments to create your
own world music compositions or add an ethnic flavor to songs in any style.
This document contains the following information about using the instruments
included in World Music:
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“Introducing the World Music Instruments” on page 1
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“Performance Tips” on page 46

Introducing the World Music Instruments

World Music gives you a collection of instruments from around the world, including
both traditional folk instruments and modern popular instruments. The instruments
included in World Music span the musical cultures of Africa, Asia, India and the Middle
East, Europe, and the Americas, including instruments in the following categories:
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Bass,
featuring a Latin “baby” bass, Mexican guitarron, and Russian balalaika.
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Choir,
featuring South African choral singers and voice effects.
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Guitars,
featuring a Chinese ruan “moon guitar,” Hawaiian ukulele, European medieval
lute, Spanish flamenco guitar, and two Turkish lutes: the oud and the saz.
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Mallets,
featuring an African kalimba and marimba, an Indonesian gamelan
ensemble, and a set of Tibetan singing bowls.
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Pianos and Keyboards,
featuring an Afro-Cuban upright piano, polka accordion, and
tango accordion.
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Strings,
featuring a Celtic hammered dulcimer and harp, Chinese erhu violin and
guzheng zither, Indian sitar, Irish bouzouki and fiddle, Japanese koto, and Persian
santoor.
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Woodwinds,
featuring a Celtic tin whistle, Chinese di zi and xiao flutes, Highlands
bagpipes, Indian bansuri flute and shehnai oboe, Japanese shakuhachi flute,
European medieval recorder, Native American flute, and Peruvian panpipes.
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Drum Kits,
featuring African, Asian, European, Indian and Middle Eastern, and Latin
percussion kits. Each kit contains a variety of instruments.
This document describes the software instruments included in World Music, lists
controller information for each instrument, and provides some performance tips for
using the instruments.

Bass

Every musical style based on harmony makes use of bass instruments to set the
harmonic as well as rhythmic foundation. World Music includes two bass instruments
from Latin America and one from Russia.
Latin Baby Bass
The Latin “baby” bass is an upright electric bass guitar with a compact body that has
become widely used in salsa bands around Latin America, particularly in Cuba. The
baby bass is played through an amplifier, but has a tone similar to an upright bass.
Afro-Cuban music makes frequent use of cross-rhythms, and the punchy sound of the
baby bass allows it to cut through as it interweaves with the drummer’s rhythms.
The baby bass is made of wood and metal, and uses metal strings tuned in the
standard E-A-D-G bass guitar tuning.
3
Mexican Guitarron
The guitarron (also called chitarrone”) is used as the bass instrument in mariachi bands
in Mexico and throughout Central and South America. It is a large, fretless bass guitar
with very deep sides which create a large resonant chamber to amplify the sound. In
addition to its traditional role, the guitarron has been used by pop and rock groups.
The open strings are usually tuned to the notes A-D-G-C-E-A, with the high A string
tuned below the C string. This allows the bass line to be played in octaves, with the
player’s thumb picking the lower note and the index and middle fingers alternately
plucking the higher note. The three lowest strings are steel, while the higher strings are
nylon. The action is quite high, requiring great strength to play the instrument.
4
Russian Balalaika
The balalaika is a Russian folk instrument with a long history. In the 19th century, the
balalaika was expanded to include families of instruments in several sizes from soprano
(called “prima”) to bass, and music was created for balalaika ensembles using innovative
strumming and picking techniques. In 1888 the first balalaika orchestra debuted to
popular acclaim, and the balalaika became a favorite of both the court and the public.
Ensembles toured Europe and visited America in the early 20th century.
All balalaikas have a triangular body, with the top usually made of spruce or fir, and a
long neck across which three strings are stretched. Prima and alto instruments are
played with the fingers, while bass balalaikas are played with very thick leather picks.
The Russian Balalaika Software Instrument includes both a bass and a prima
instrument, enabling you to perform across the range of an entire balalaika orchestra.
Bass
Instrument Controller Info
Latin Baby Bass Â
Mod wheel adds vibrato.
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Highest velocity adds slide up to note.
Mexican Guitarron Â
Mod wheel adds brighter tone.
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Velocity increases attack and volume.
Russian Balalaika Â
Mod wheel adds tremolo to notes above A3.
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Highest velocity adds slide up to note.
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Choir

World Music includes two instruments featuring the sounds of a South African choir:
one singing common syllables and the other performing voice effects.
South African Singers
South African Voice Effects
Music-making in Africa belongs to all people, and Africas many musical styles are all
folk styles that developed from local cultures. While its history is not recorded, the
sound of the South African choir is believed to have developed in migrant labor camps
in the early 20th century. It provided workers with one of the few means for both
communal recreation and personal recognition. The singers often perform intricately
choreographed dance steps along with the singing. In the past two decades, the sound
of the South African choir has become known to Western audiences through its use by
popular artists and in movie soundtracks.
Contemporary South African choral groups are usually divided into the standard four
voice-parts: soprano, alto, tenor, and bass. The South African Singers Software
Instrument features the voices singing four commonly used syllables; the South African
Voice Effects instrument features three additional syllables, one in both long and short
versions. In both instruments, the four parts are distributed and blended across the
keyboard range.
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Choir

Guitars

World Music includes a Chinese ruan moon guitar, a Hawaiian ukulele, an Irish
bouzouki, a Spanish flamenco guitar, and two Turkish lutes: the oud and the saz.
Chinese Ruan Moon Guitar
The ruan “moon guitar” (also called the yueqin) is a fretted stringed instrument that has
been a part of Chinese music for more than 2000 years. The instrument is named for a
fabled musician of the third century known as one of the “Seven Sages of Bamboo
Grove,” and has changed little since its ancient beginnings.
The ruan has a circular wooden body and a short neck that holds four strings. The neck
has 24 frets divided into semitones, similar to a European guitar. The strings are tuned
in fifths like those of a violin, commonly to the notes G-D-A-E or A-D-A-D. The ruan
produces a delicate, mellow tone, and is used both for accompanying singers and as a
solo instrument. In modern times, orchestras of ruan have been created with
instruments of different sizes and ranges.
Instrument Controller Info
South African Singers Â
Mod wheel gives four different syllables:
“Ooh,” “Hemm,” “La,” and “Ah.”
Â
Velocity increases volume.
South African Voice Effects Â
Mod wheel gives four different syllables:
“Ti,” “Timo,” “Mo,” and a short “Mo.”
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Velocity increases volume.
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Hawaiian Ukulele
The ukulele was developed on the islands of Hawaii in the late 19th century, based on
instruments brought to the islands by Portuguese immigrants. It quickly spread
throughout the islands, and became Hawaii’s most popular instrument. The word
ukulele
means “jumping flea,” and some believe the name comes from the islanders’
first impression of the player’s hands flying across the fingerboard.
The shape of the ukulele is like a smaller version of a Spanish guitar, with a figure-eight
body and a round sound hole behind the strings. Ukuleles exist in many different sizes,
but the soprano and concert-sized ukuleles are the most common. Both are most often
tuned to the notes G-C-E-A. The soprano is sometimes tuned a whole step higher, and
other tunings, such as Bb-Eb-G-C, are sometimes used to enable the ukulele to
accompany singers in different keys.
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Irish Bouzouki
Although the bouzouki (sometimes called the octave mandolin) is of Greek origin, it is
the modified Irish bouzouki that has become popular in the recent revival of Celtic
music. Bouzoukis were introduced to Irish traditional music in the 1970s, and have
become an important part of the contemporary Celtic sound. The bouzouki is often
used to give definition to the lines below the melody.
The Irish bouzouki is a long-necked instrument with a pear-shaped body and three or
four courses of metal strings. Bouzoukis are typically tuned to the notes G-D-A-E. The
lower courses are tuned in octaves, while the upper courses are tuned in unison. The
player frets notes with the left hand and plucks notes with a pick held in the right
hand. The tone of the Irish bouzouki is penetrating and metallic.
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Medieval Lute
The European lute evolved from ancient Middle Eastern stringed instruments, and was
widely used during the Medieval and Renaissance periods to accompany singers and as
a solo instrument. The word
lute
derives from the same root as
oud,
an Arabic word
meaning “wood.”
The lute is a plucked stringed instrument with a deep, pear-shaped body and a flat top.
The top features a soundhole that is typically intricately carved in the shape of a knot
or vine. The neck is made of light wood, and necks became wider as the lute developed
to accommodate a greater number of strings. The strings are typically doubled, with
each pair tuned in unison. The upper strings could be tuned in fourths, similar to a
guitar, or could be tuned to the notes of a chord (for example, D-A-D-F). The lower
courses were tuned in steps, allowing the player to play bass lines without having to
fret each note.
The lute was originally played using a quill to pluck the strings. As European music
became more polyphonic, players began to perform using their fingers, allowing
greater freedom for playing counterpoint.
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Spanish Flamenco Guitar
The passionate style of music and dance known as flamenco originated in Andalusia, at
the crossroads of Gitano (Gypsy), Moorish, and Jewish cultures. Originally, flamenco
consisted of unaccompanied singing, but soon the singers were accompanied by the
guitar, as well as hand clapping, foot stamping, and dance. Today, traditional flamenco
has absorbed influences from jazz, salsa, and popular music, leading to a new offshoot
called “Nuevo Flamenco (New Flamenco).
The flamenco guitar shares the same lineage as the Spanish classical guitar. Both
evolved from earlier Arabian and Moorish instruments, and are made of wood, with a
figure-eight shape and a central sound hole. Both use six gut or nylon strings tuned to
the notes E-A-D-G-B-E.
However, the manner of performing flamenco is quite different from that of classical
music. Rather than re-creating music composed in advance, flamenco players have
room to improvise and express individual emotions. In order to express “the heat of the
moment,” flamenco guitarists use a variety of playing techniques, including:
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Picado:
Plucking the strings alternately with the index and middle fingers.
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Pulgar:
Plucking the strings with the thumb.
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Rasgueado:
Quickly strumming up or down the strings, sometimes with the index
finger, sometimes with the right-hand fingers moving one after the other.
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Tirando:
“Free stroke” with the first three fingers playing the upper strings and the
thumb playing the bass notes.
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Harmonics:
Stopping the string with one hand while plucking with the other to
produce a higher harmonic of the note.
The Spanish Flamenco Guitar instrument gives you the ability to use all these playing
techniques, accessed using different note velocities and the mod wheel.
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Turkish Oud Lute
The oud is a stringed instrument common to Turkish and Arabic civilizations. An
ancient legend claims that the oud was created by one of Adam’s grandsons. However,
modern historians believe that it was invented in Mesopotamia in the second
millennium B.C.
The front of the body is flat, with a central sound hole, while the back is pear-shaped,
creating a resonant chamber to strengthen the sound. The neck is fairly short, and
supports from five to eight sets of strings. Each string except for the lowest is doubled
in unison. The player uses a pick (called the “mizrap in Turkish), originally made from a
bird’s feather, to pluck the strings. There are four-, five-, and six-course ouds, each with
its own tuning.
Turkish Saz Lute
The saz is descended from earlier long-necked lutes which can be traced back to
Babylon and Sumeria. These instruments, including the kopuz and cogur, played a
historic role in Turkish music. Today, the saz is the most commonly found folk
instrument in Turkey, with distinct regional playing styles and techniques.
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The saz has a long, thin neck and a teardrop-shaped body. The neck is traditionally
made of fir and the body carved from a single piece of mulberry wood. Small
soundholes are carved into the top and also sometimes the sides of the body. The
strings are metal, usually steel or brass, and the player uses a long pick to pluck them.
There are several sizes of saz, ranging from the smallest, the cura (with three sets of
strings) to the medium-sized baglama (with six sets of strings) to the larger divan or
meydan (with nine strings).
Guitars
Instrument Controller Info
Chinese Ruan Moon Guitar Â
Mod wheel adds a short tremolo.
Â
Velocity increases attack and volume.
Â
Highest velocity adds slide up to note.
Hawaiian Ukulele Â
Velocity adds attack and volume.
Irish Bouzouki Â
Mod wheel adds tremolo.
Â
Velocity increases attack and volume.
Â
Highest velocity adds slide up to note.
Medieval Lute Â
Velocity adds attack and volume.
Spanish Flamenco Guitar Â
Mod wheel adds harmonics an octave above the note played.
Â
Velocity increases attack and volume; changes strummed chords
on notes below B1.
Â
Highest velocity adds slide up to note.
Â
Notes below B1 play strummed chords; notes above B5 play body
taps and knocks.
Turkish Oud Lute Â
Mod wheel adds pull-off down to note.
Â
Velocity increases attack and volume.
Â
Highest velocity adds wavering to note.
Turkish Saz Lute Â
Mod wheel adds tremolo.
Â
Velocity increases attack and volume.
Â
Highest velocity adds short trill to note.
Â
Lowest octave plays the first, fifth, and octave.
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Mallets

World Music includes mallet instruments from the African continent, the islands of
Indonesia, and the mountainous nation of Tibet.
African Kalimba
The kalimba (also called the “thumb piano”) was invented by African slaves in the
Caribbean, using ingenuity to create an instrument from extremely limited resources.
It consists of a small wooden box with a central sound hole, with a row of metal bars
suspended above. The player presses the bars with either thumb to sound different
notes. The player can change the tone by changing the amount of pressure used to
press the bars. Kalimbas can be found in a variety of sizes and tunings.
African Marimba
The marimba is a large instrument consisting of a set wooden bars laid out like the
keys of a piano. Below each bar is a resonating tube that amplifies its sound. The player
strikes the bars using mallets—typically wooden sticks with heads made of felt, rubber,
or other materials. The sound of the African marimba is richer and fuller than that of
the concert version of the instrument.
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The Indonesian islands are home to a unique form of ensemble music-making using
mallet percussion instruments. The gamelan has fascinated composers and listeners
since being brought to the West at the beginning of the 20th century.
Indonesian Gamelan
Gamelan is the name for the traditional music ensemble of Indonesia. Both Bali and
Java have both produced distinctive styles of gamelan playing with histories extending
over many centuries. The word
gamelan
means “ensemble or “orchestra.”
The sound of a gamelan is produced by a combination of metallic percussion
instruments, including the xylophone-like
gangsa
and sets of suspended gongs called
reyong.
Gangsa are struck with hammer-shaped mallets, while reyong are struck with
wooden sticks wound with rope. Both instruments can be muted by the player’s free
hand; with the Indonesian Gamelan Software Instrument, you can play ringing and
muted notes on both the gangsa and reyong using the mod wheel.
The characteristic shimmering sound of the gamelan is produced by slight differences
in tuning between instruments playing interlocking patterns. Another technique of
gamelan performance involves playing the same melody at several different rates
simultaneously, creating intricate, interweaving patterns.
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Tibetan Singing Bowls
Tibetan singing bowls (also called “Himalayan bowls”) have been used by monks as
part of Buddhist meditation for hundreds of years. The bowls, which are handmade of
metal and come in a variety of sizes, are played by striking the edge or rubbing (or
“stirring”) the inside surface. According to tradition, singing bowls produce no sound if
they are played incorrectly, but, when played correctly, produce a smooth, relaxing
sound that is beneficial to the chakras of both player and listeners.
Mallets
Instrument Controller Info
African Kalimba Â
Mod wheel adds vibrato.
 Velocity increases attack and volume.
African Marimba  Mod wheel adds vibrato.
 Velocity increases attack and volume.
Indonesian Gamelan  Mod wheel controls whether notes ring or are stopped.
 Velocity adds attack and volume.
 Notes below B1 play reyong gongs; B1 and above play gangsa.
Tibetan Singing Bowls  Mod wheel adds vibrato.
 Velocity increases attack and volume.
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