Yamaha PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual

Digital Workstation
Owner’s Manual
Thank you for purchasing this Yamaha Digital Workstation! This electric keyboard for professional entertainers not only has a wide selection of Voices and versatile functions but also gives you the potential of expanding content for the instrument. We recommend that you read this manual carefully so that you can fully take advantage of the advanced and convenient functions of the instrument. We also recommend that you keep this manual in a safe and handy place for future reference.
Before using the instrument, be sure to read “PRECAUTIONS” on pages 5–6.
EN
The model number, serial number, power requirements, etc., may be found on or near the name plate, which is at the bottom of the unit. You should note this serial number in the space provided below and retain this manual as a permanent record of your purchase to aid identification in the event of theft.
Model No.
Serial No.
(bottom_en_01)
2 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
COMPLIANCE INFORMATION STATEMENT
(Supplier’s declaration of conformity procedure)
Responsible Party : Yamaha Corporation of America
Type of Equipment : Digital Keyboard
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
2) this device must accept any interference received including interference
* This applies only to products distributed by
Yamaha Corporation of America.
Address : 6600 Orangethorpe Ave., Buena Park, Calif. 90620
Telephone : 714-522-9011
Model Name : PSR-A5000
that may cause undesired operation.
(FCC SDoC)
FCC INFORMATION (U.S.A.)
1. IMPORTANT NOTICE: DO NOT MODIFY THIS UNIT!
This product when installed as indicated in the instructions con­tained in this manual, meets FCC requirements. Modifications not expressly approved by Yamaha may void your authority, granted by the FCC, to use the product.
2. IMPORTANT: When connecting this product to accessories
and/or another product use only high quality shielded cables. Cable/s supplied with this product MUST be used. Follow all installation instructions. Failure to follow instructions could void your FCC authorization to use this product in the USA
3. NOTE: This product has been tested and found to comply with
the requirements listed in FCC Regulations, Part 15 for Class “B” digital devices. Compliance with these requirements pro­vides a reasonable level of assurance that your use of this product in a residential environment will not result in harmful interference with other electronic devices. This equipment gen­erates/uses radio frequencies and, if not installed and used according to the instructions found in the users manual, may cause interference harmful to the operation of other electronic devices. Compliance with FCC regulations does not guarantee
* This applies only to products distributed by YAMAHA CORPORATION OF AMERICA. (class B)
that interference will not occur in all installations. If this product is found to be the source of interference, which can be deter­mined by turning the unit “OFF” and “ON” please try to elimi­nate the problem by using one of the following measures:
• Relocate either this product or the device that is being affected by the interference.
• Utilize power outlets that are on different branch (circuit breaker or fuse) circuits or install AC line filter/s.
• In the case of radio or TV interference relocate/reorient the antenna. If the antenna lead-in is 300 ohm ribbon lead, change the lead-in to co-axial type cable.
If these corrective measures do not produce satisfactory results, please contact the local retailer authorized to distribute this type of product. If you cannot locate the appropriate retailer, please con­tact Yamaha Corporation of America, 6600 Orangethorpe Ave. Buena Park CA90620, USA
The above statements apply ONLY to those products distributed by Yamaha Corporation of America or its subsidiaries.
PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 3
CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF
ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE
COVER (OR BACK). NO USER-SERVICEABLE
PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO
QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
CAUTION
RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
DO NOT OPEN
For the AC adaptor
Explanation of Graphical Symbols
The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated “dangerous voltage” within the product’s enclosure that may be of sufficient magni­tude to constitute a risk of electric shock to persons.
The exclamation point within an equilateral triangle is intended to alert the user to the presence of important operating and main­tenance (servicing) instructions in the liter­ature accompanying the product.
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
1 Read these instructions. 2 Keep these instructions. 3 Heed all warnings. 4 Follow all instructions. 5 Do not use this apparatus near water. 6 Clean only with dry cloth. 7 Do not block any ventilation openings. Install in accor-
dance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
8 Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators,
heat registers, stoves, or other apparatus (including amplifiers) that produce heat.
9 Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or
grounding-type plug. A polarized plug has two blades with one wider than the other. A grounding type plug has two blades and a third grounding prong. The wide blade or the third prong are provided for your safety. If the provided plug does not fit into your outlet, consult an electrician for replacement of the obsolete outlet.
10 Protect the power cord from being walked on or
pinched particularly at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point where they exit from the apparatus.
11 Only use attachments/accessories specified by the
manufacturer.
12 Use only with the cart, stand, tri-
pod, bracket, or table specified by the manufacturer, or sold with the apparatus. When a cart is used, use caution when moving the cart/apparatus combination to avoid injury from tip-over.
13 Unplug this apparatus during
lightning storms or when unused for long periods of time.
14 Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel. Ser-
vicing is required when the apparatus has been dam­aged in any way, such as power-supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus, the apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate normally, or has been dropped.
WARNING
TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS APPARATUS TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.
(UL60065_03)
4 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
PRECAUTIONS
For the AC adaptor
For the instrument
Power supply/AC adaptor
Do not open
Water warning
Fire warning
If you notice any abnormality
PLEASE READ CAREFULLY BEFORE PROCEEDING
Please keep this manual in a safe and handy place for future reference.
WARNING
• This AC adaptor is designed for use with only Yamaha electronic instruments. Do not use for any other purpose.
• Indoor use only. Do not use in any wet environments.
CAUTION
• When setting up, make sure that the AC outlet is easily accessible. If some trouble or malfunction occurs, immediately turn off the power switch of the instrument and disconnect the AC adaptor from the outlet. When the AC adaptor is connected to the AC outlet, keep in mind that electricity is flowing at the minimum level, even if the power switch is turned off. When you are not using the instrument for a long time, make sure to unplug the power cord from the wall AC outlet.
WARNING
Always follow the basic precautions listed below to avoid the possibility of serious injury or even death from electrical shock, short-circuiting, damages, fire or other hazards. These precautions include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Do not place the power cord near heat sources such as heaters or radiators. Also, do not excessively bend or otherwise damage the cord, or place heavy objects on it.
• Only use the voltage specified as correct for the instrument. The required voltage is printed on the name plate of the instrument.
• Use the specified adaptor (page 119) only. Using the wrong adaptor can result in damage to the instrument or overheating.
• Use only the supplied power cord/plug.
• Check the electric plug periodically and remove any dirt or dust which may have accumulated on it.
• Do not expose the instrument to rain, use it near water or in damp or wet conditions, or place on it any containers (such as vases, bottles or glasses) containing liquids which might spill into any openings. If any liquid such as water seeps into the instrument, turn off the power immediately and unplug the power cord from the AC outlet. Then have the instrument inspected by qualified Yamaha service personnel.
• Never insert or remove an electric plug with wet hands.
• Do not put burning items, such as candles, on the unit. A burning item may fall over and cause a fire.
• This instrument contains no user-serviceable parts. Do not open the instrument or attempt to disassemble or modify the internal components in any way. If it should appear to be malfunctioning, discontinue use immediately and have it inspected by qualified Yamaha service personnel.
• When one of the following problems occur, immediately turn off the power switch and disconnect the electric plug from the outlet. Then have the device inspected by Yamaha service personnel.
- The power cord or plug becomes frayed or damaged.
- It emits unusual smells or smoke.
- Some object has been dropped into the instrument.
- There is a sudden loss of sound during use of the instrument.
- If any cracks or breakages exist on the instrument.
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PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 5
CAUTION
Power supply/AC adaptor
Location
Connections
Handling
Always follow the basic precautions listed below to avoid the possibility of physical injury to you or others, or damage to the instrument or other property. These precautions include, but are not limited to, the following:
• Do not connect the instrument to an electrical outlet using a multiple­connector. Doing so can result in lower sound quality, or possibly cause overheating in the outlet.
• When removing the electric plug from the instrument or an outlet, always hold the plug itself and not the cord. Pulling by the cord can damage it.
• Before connecting the instrument to other electronic components, turn off the power for all components. Before turning the power on or off for all components, set all volume levels to minimum.
• Be sure to set the volumes of all components at their minimum levels and gradually raise the volume controls while playing the instrument to set the desired listening level.
• Remove the electric plug from the outlet when the instrument is not to be used for extended periods of time, or during electrical storms.
• Do not insert a finger or hand in any gaps on the instrument.
• Never insert or drop paper, metallic, or other objects into the gaps on
• Do not place the instrument in an unstable position where it might accidentally fall over.
• Before moving the instrument, remove all connected cables, to prevent damage to the cables or injury to anyone who might trip over them.
• When setting up the product, make sure that the AC outlet you are using is easily accessible. If some trouble or malfunction occurs, immediately turn off the power switch and disconnect the plug from the outlet. Even when the power switch is turned off, electricity is still flowing to the product at the minimum level. When you are not using
the panel or keyboard. This could cause physical injury to you or others, damage to the instrument or other property, or operational failure.
• Do not rest your weight on, or place heavy objects on the instrument, and do not use excessive force on the buttons, switches or connectors.
• Do not use the instrument/device or headphones for a long period of time at a high or uncomfortable volume level, since this can cause permanent hearing loss. If you experience any hearing loss or ringing in the ears, consult a physician.
the product for a long time, make sure to unplug the power cord from the wall AC outlet.
Yamaha cannot be held responsible for damage caused by improper use or modifications to the instrument, or data that is lost or destroyed.
Always turn the power off when the instrument is not in use.
Even when the [ ] (Standby/On) switch is in standby status (display is off), electricity is still flowing to the instrument at the minimum level.
When you are not using the instrument for a long time, make sure you unplug the power cord from the wall AC outlet.
NOTICE
To avoid the possibility of malfunction/ damage to the product, damage to data, or damage to other property, follow the notices below.
Handling
• Do not connect this product to a public Wi-Fi and/or Internet service directly. Only connect this product to the Internet through a router with strong password protections. Consult your router manufacturer for information on optimum security practices.
• Do not use the instrument in the vicinity of a TV, radio, stereo equipment, mobile phone, or other electric devices. Otherwise, the instrument, TV, or radio may generate noise. When you use the instrument along with an application on your smart device such as a smartphone or tablet, we recommend that you set “Airplane Mode” to on on that device in order to avoid noise caused by communication.
• Do not expose the instrument to excessive dust or vibrations, or extreme cold or heat (such as in direct sunlight, near a heater, or in a car during the day) to prevent the possibility of panel disfiguration, damage to the internal components or unstable operation. (Verified operating temperature range: 5° – 40°C, or 41° – 104°F.)
• Do not place vinyl, plastic or rubber objects on the instrument, since this might discolor the panel or keyboard.
6 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
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Maintenance
• When cleaning the instrument, use a soft cloth. Do not use paint thinners, solvents, alcohol, cleaning fluids, or chemical-impregnated wiping cloths.
Saving data
• Edited Song/Style/Voice/MIDI setup data, etc. are lost when you turn off the power to the instrument without saving. This also occurs when the power is turned off by the Auto Power Off function (page 21). Save the data to the instrument, or to USB flash drive/an external device such as a computer (page 33). Saving the data to USB flash drive/an external device i s even more secure, since the data in the instrum ent may be lost due to some failure, an operation mistake, etc. Before using a USB flash drive, make sure to refer to page 108.
• To protect against data loss through USB flash drive damage, we recommend that you save your important data onto spare USB flash drive or an external device such as a computer as backup data.
Main Features
Created to meet the demands of Oriental music entertainers, the PSR-A5000 is an inspirational delight—featuring extraordinary sound, advanced functions, and wonderfully expressive control.
Amazingly expressive and realistic Voices
The PSR-A5000 boasts a comprehensive set of authentic sounding Oriental Voices, including Oud, Nay and Qanoon. The Voices can be played naturally and with great expressiveness—thanks to the new, cutting-edge portamento advancements, featuring velocity and time control.
Accompaniment Styles
The convenient Styles give you full instrument accompaniment, making it possible to perform in a wide variety of music genres simply by playing chords. Naturally, the PSR-A5000’s Style content has been created to meet the demands of Oriental music entertainers, and the instrument’s Style engine has been localized with new features—including up to 128-note Drum Kits, Drum Key-off samples and support for multiple time signatures within a Style.
LIVE CONTROL Joystick, knobs and Assignable buttons—Customized control
The LIVE CONTROL Joystick and knobs let you intuitively control your performance in real time. A wide variety of functions can be assigned to the Joystick and knobs, so you can easily add variations to the sound during your performance. The Assignable buttons let you set your favorite functions and shortcuts, letting you easily customize the instrument to match your own needs and playing style.
Scale Tune—Creating original scales
The PSR-A5000 features Scale Tune buttons for easy access during live performances. Individual note pitches can be easily modi­fied and stored as your own new scales to Scale Tune Memories. The Scale Tune Quick Setting allows for immediate setting of a desired scale.
Chord Looper—Your virtual left hand
Chord Looper enables you to record a chord sequence and play it back, freeing your left hand from playing chords and providing new opportunities to further enhance your performance.
Main Features
Voice and Style expandability with the Yamaha Expansion Manager
With Yamaha Expansion Manager software on your computer, you can continually expand the onboard content of the instrument by creating and installing your own custom and downloaded Packs. Supporting WAV, AIFF, SoundFont and even REX format, for handling audio slices, the scope of possibilities for new sounds and styles is virtually unlimited.
Audio features, including recording and editing
Audio files can be played back on the instrument, plus you can directly record your performance as audio files to the internal User drive or a USB flash drive. The instrument also provides a variety of advanced, convenient audio playback and processing func­tions, including Time Stretch and Pitch Shift. The Vocal Cancel function significantly reduces the volume of existing vocals in an audio file, allowing you to sing “karaoke” style with just the instrumental backing. Since Audio files can also be assigned to Multi Pads and played back during your performance, the creative potential is enormous.
PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 7
Compatible formats for the instrument
GM (General MIDI) is one of the most common Voice allocation formats. GM System Level 2 is a standard specifica­tion that enhances the original GM format and improves Song data compatibility. It provides for increased polyphony, greater Voice selection, expanded Voice parameters, and integrated effect processing.
XG is a major enhancement of the GM System Level 1 format, and was developed by Yamaha specifically to provide more Voices and variations, as well as greater expressive control over Voices and effects, and to ensure compatibility of data well into the future.
GS was developed by the Roland Corporation. In the same way as Yamaha XG, GS is a major enhancement of the GM specifically to provide more Voices and Drum kits and their variations, as well as greater expressive control over Voices and effects.
The Yamaha XF format enhances the SMF (Standard MIDI File) standard with greater functionality and open-ended expandability for the future. This instrument is capable of displaying lyrics when an XF file containing lyric data is played.
SFF (Style File Format) is an original Style file format by Yamaha which uses a unique conversion system to provide high-quality automatic accompaniment based on a wide range of chord types. SFF GE (Guitar Edition) is an enhanced format of SFF, which features improved note transposition for guitar tracks.
Information
About copyrights
• Copying of the commercially available musical data including but not limited to MIDI data and/or audio data is strictly prohibited except for your personal use.
• This product incorporates and bundles contents in which Yamaha owns copyrights or with respect to which Yamaha has license to use others’ copyrights. Due to copyright laws and other relevant laws, you are NOT allowed to distribute media in which these contents are saved or recorded and remain virtually the same or very similar to those in the product. * The contents described above include computer applications, Accompaniment Style data, MIDI data, WAVE data, voice recording data, a score, score data, etc. * You are allowed to distribute media in which your performance or music production using these contents is recorded, and the permission of Yamaha Corporation is not
required in such cases.
About functions/data bundled with the instrument
• Some of the preset songs have been edited for length or arrangement, and may not be exactly the same as the original.
• This device is capable of using various types/formats of music data by optimizing them to the proper format music data for use with the device in advance. As a result, this device may not play them back precisely as their producers or composers originally intended.
Yamaha may from time to time update firmware of the product without notice for improvement in functions and usability. To take full advantage of this instru­ment, we recommend that you upgrade your instrument to the latest version. The latest firmware can be downloaded from the website below:
https://download.yamaha.com/
Included Accessories
• Owner’s Manual (this book) x 1
• Online Member Product Registration x 1
• Music rest x 1
• AC adaptor, power cord x 1
May not be included depending on your area. Check with your Yamaha dealer.
8 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
About the Manuals
This instrument has the following documents and instructional materials.
Included Documents
Owner’s Manual (this book)
Provides overall explanations of the PSR-A5000 basic functions.
Online Materials (downloadable from the Internet)
Reference Manual (only in English, French, German, Turkish, Arabic, and Persian)
Explains advanced features of the instrument, such as creating original Styles, Songs and Multi Pads, and making the settings of specific parameters.
Data List
Contains various important preset content lists such as Voices, Styles, Effects, as well as MIDI-related information.
Smart Device Connection Manual (page 109)
Explains how to connect the instrument to smart devices, such as a smartphone or tablet, etc.
Computer-related Operations (page 110)
Includes instructions on connecting the instrument to a computer, and operations related to transferring song data.
To obtain these materials, access the Yamaha Downloads website, and then enter the model name to search for the desired files.
About the Manuals
Yamah a D own l o ads
https://download.yamaha.com/
• The illustrations and LCD screens as shown in this manual are for instructional purposes only, and may appear somewhat different from those on your instrument.
• The displays are taken from the PSR-A5000, and are in English.
• Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft
• Apple, iTunes, Mac, iPhone, iPad, iPod touch and Lightning are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries.
• The company names and product names in this manual are the trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
®
Corporation in the United States and other countries.
PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 9
Using the PSR-A5000—a Broad Overview
OM
OM
OM
OM
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This section provides a helpful overview of the wide range of functions available in this instrument, and places you can find necessary information on those topics. If you need help in understanding a feature, function or oper­ation—or need to have a general understanding of what the instrument can do and how to effectively use it—look through this section.
OM
: PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual (this book). The relevant chapter names are shown after this symbol. For detailed
information on each chapter, see “Contents” (page 12).
* : This material can be obtained from the Yamaha Downloads website (page 9).
Using the PSR-A5000 by itself
Key Functions and Terms
Understanding the basic features and workflow of this instrument
Panel Controls and Terminals Display Structure Basic Operations Workfl ow Guide
Making basic connections and settings
Setting up and playing a single song
• Playing the keyboard with Styles
• Singing with Song playback
• Selecting or creating a scale temperament
Storing and calling up your original setups
Easily managing a large repertoire of Songs
Simply recording a performance with Quick Record­ing
Using functions in the Menu display (summary)
Connecting external devices (a microphone or guitar, USB flash drive, etc.)
Recording a performance in separate parts with Multi Recording
Using functions in the Menu display (detailed)
Creating your own original contents (Styles, Voices by editing presets, Multi Pads)
Starting Up
Operation Guide
Function List
Connections
Reference Manual (*)
10 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
Using the PSR-A5000 with a computer
Connecting a computer to the instrument
Transferring files (Songs, Styles, Backup files, etc)
OM
Connections
Playing back Songs on a computer via the instrument sounds
Recording your keyboard performance to a computer
Obtaining the Expansion Packs made by Yamaha (also called “Premium Packs”)
Managing Expansion Pack data
Installing Expansion Pack data to the instrument
Creating your own original Expansion Packs
Creating your own original contents: Creating new Voices from scratch (using your own recorded waveform files)
Installing Expansion Pack data to the instrument (additional instructions)
Creating your own original contents: Creating new Audio Styles
Computer-related Operations (*)
Yamaha MusicSoft website https://www.yamahamusicsoft.com/sound­and-expansion-libraries/
Yamaha Expansion Manager (*) Owner’s Manual
Reference Manual (*)
Audio Phraser (*) Owner’s Manual
Using the PSR-A5000—a Broad Overview
Using the PSR-A5000 with other devices
Connecting a smartphone/tablet to the instrument
Obtaining smart device applications and using them together with the instrument
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Connections
Smart Device Connection Manual (*)
Refer to explanations of each application page on the website below. https://www.yamaha.com/kbdapps/
PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 11
Contents
Operation
Guide
Operation
Guide
Operation
Guide
PRECAUTIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Main Features ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Included Accessories .............................................................................................................................................. 8
About the Manuals .................................................................................................................................................. 9
Using the PSR-A5000—a Broad Overview...10
Major Functions and Terms...14
Panel Controls and Terminals...16
Starting Up...20
Power Supply ........................................................................................................................................................ 20
Turning the Power On/Off ..................................................................................................................................... 20
Making Basic Settings........................................................................................................................................... 21
Changing the Brightness of the Main Display and Button Lamps ......................................................................... 22
Display Structure...23
Main Display Structure .......................................................................................................................................... 23
Basic Operations...26
Display Configuration ............................................................................................................................................ 26
Closing the Current Display .................................................................................................................................. 29
Display-based Controls ......................................................................................................................................... 30
Calling up the Desired Display Instantly—Direct Access ...................................................................................... 32
Playing the Demos ................................................................................................................................................ 32
File Management .................................................................................................................................................. 33
Entering Characters .............................................................................................................................................. 36
Locking the Panel Settings (Panel Lock) .............................................................................................................. 37
Using the Metronome............................................................................................................................................ 37
Workflow Guide—for Performing on the PSR-A5000...38
Playing with Styles—Setting Up...40
1
Setting up Styles ................................................................................................................................................... 40
Optimum Panel Settings for the Current Style (One Touch Setting) ..................................................................... 43
Setting up Keyboard Parts .................................................................................................................................... 44
Selecting a Voice for Each Keyboard Part ............................................................................................................ 48
Creating Original Organ Flutes Voices.................................................................................................................. 49
Setting up Keyboard Harmony/Arpeggio............................................................................................................... 50
Setting up Multi Pads ............................................................................................................................................ 53
Memorizing Original Panel Settings to One Touch Setting ................................................................................... 54
Changing the Pitch of the Keyboard ..................................................................................................................... 55
Setting up Assignable Controllers ......................................................................................................................... 56
Playing with Styles—Operations While Performing...58
2
Operating Style Playback...................................................................................................................................... 58
Recording and Playing Back a Chord Sequence—Chord Looper ........................................................................60
Expressively Controlling Your Performance.......................................................................................................... 62
Playing and Controlling Super Articulation Voices ................................................................................................ 63
Controlling Multi Pad Playback ............................................................................................................................. 64
Singing with Song Playback—Setting Up...66
3
Setting Up Song Playback .................................................................................................................................... 66
12 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
Operation
Guide
Singing with Song Playback—Operations While Performing...70
Operation
Guide
Operation
Guide
Operation
Guide
Operation
Guide
Operation
Guide
Operation
Guide
4
Controlling Song Playback .................................................................................................................................... 70
Using Song Position Markers (MIDI Songs only) .................................................................................................. 73
Displaying Score, Lyrics, and Text files during Playback ...................................................................................... 75
Using the Talk function.......................................................................................................................................... 77
Selecting and/or Creating a Temperament (Scale Tune)...78
5
Basic Structure of Scale Tune............................................................................................................................... 78
Selecting or Creating a Temperament from the Preset Types (Main Scale)......................................................... 79
Creating and Using a Temperament (Sub Scale) ................................................................................................. 80
Memorizing the Sub Scale Setting ........................................................................................................................ 81
Saving the Scale Tune Memory as a Bank File .................................................................................................... 82
Recalling a Memorized Sub Scale Setting ............................................................................................................ 82
Adjusting the Parameters of Each Part—Mixer...83
6
Basic Procedure for the Mixer............................................................................................................................... 83
Turning Each Channel of the Style or MIDI Song On/Off...................................................................................... 85
Changing the Voice for Each Channel of the Style or MIDI Song ......................................................................... 86
Song Recording...87
7
MIDI Quick Recording ........................................................................................................................................... 87
Audio Quick Recording ......................................................................................................................................... 88
Storing and Calling up Custom Panel Setups—Registration Memory and Playlist...89
8
Saving and Recalling Custom Panel Setups with Registration Memory ...............................................................90
Managing a Large Repertoire by Using the Playlist .............................................................................................. 93
Contents
Customizing for Optimum Performance...97
9
Customizing the Shortcuts on the Home Display .................................................................................................. 97
Setting the Functions or Shortcuts to the ASSIGNABLE Buttons ......................................................................... 97
Making Global Settings (Utility) ............................................................................................................................. 98
Adjusting the Sound at the Final Output (Master Compressor, Master EQ) ......................................................... 99
Adding New Contents—Expansion Packs .......................................................................................................... 100
System Settings...101
10
Confirming the Firmware Version and Hardware ID............................................................................................ 101
Restoring the Factory-programmed Settings ...................................................................................................... 101
Data Backup and Restore ................................................................................................................................... 102
Connections—Using Your Instrument with Other Devices...103
Connecting a Microphone or Guitar ([MIC/GUITAR INPUT] jack)....................................................................... 103
Using an External Speaker System for Playback (MAIN OUTPUT jacks, SUB (AUX) OUTPUT jacks) ............. 105
Listening to Audio Playback by the External Device through the Instrument’s Speaker ..................................... 106
Connecting Footswitches/Foot Controllers (FOOT PEDAL jacks) ...................................................................... 107
Connecting USB Devices ([USB TO DEVICE] terminal) ..................................................................................... 108
Connecting to a smartphone/tablet ([USB TO DEVICE], [USB TO HOST], or MIDI terminals) .......................... 109
Connecting to a Computer ([USB TO HOST] terminal)....................................................................................... 110
Connecting External MIDI Devices (MIDI terminals) ........................................................................................... 110
Function List...111
Appendix...113
Direct Access Chart ............................................................................................................................................ 113
Troubleshooting .................................................................................................................................................. 115
Specifications ...................................................................................................................................................... 118
Index ................................................................................................................................................................... 120
PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 13
Major Functions and Terms
RIGHT 3 part
RIGHT 2 part
RIGHT 1 part
Right-hand (UPPER) sectionLeft-hand (LOWER) section
Split Point (F#2 by default)
LEFT part
This section briefly explains the key functions of this instrument, to help you better understand the overall capa­bilities and musical potential.
Styles—Rhythm and Auto Accompaniment
The PSR-A5000 features a variety of accompaniment and rhythmic backing patterns (called “Styles”) in a variety of differ­ent musical genres including Arabic music, pop, jazz, and many others. Styles feature sophisticated Auto Accompaniment patterns, letting you produce automatic accompaniment playback simply by playing chords with your left hand. This lets you automatically recreate the sound of a full band or orchestra—even if you’re playing by yourself.
Voices—Individual sounds of the instrument
The PSR-A5000 features a wide variety of exceptionally realistic instrumental Voices, including oriental instruments, piano, guitar, strings, brass, wind instruments and more. The Voices can be played manually on the keyboard, and they are also used by the Styles, MIDI Songs, and Multi Pads.
Keyboard Parts
There are four keyboard parts for your manual performance: LEFT, RIGHT 1, 2 and 3. Each part has one Voice. You can combine these parts by using the PART ON/OFF buttons to create luscious instrument textures and convenient performance combinations. You can change the keyboard range of the Parts by changing the Split Point.
Multi Pads—Adding musical phrases to your performance
The Multi Pads can be used to play a number of short pre-recorded rhythmic and melodic sequences for adding impact and variety to your keyboard performances. Multi Pads are grouped in Banks of four phrases each. This instrument features a variety of Multi Pad Banks in a variety of different musical genres. Moreover, the Audio Link Multi Pad function allows you to create unique, new pad content with your own audio (WAV) data for playing back during your performance.
Songs—Playing back MIDI/audio files
For this instrument, the term “Song” refers to MIDI or audio data, such as preset songs, commercially available files, etc. Not only can you play back a Song and listen to it, but you can also play the keyboard along with Song playback. Song playback features two modes: Song Player mode and Song List mode.
Song Player: Plays back two Songs (one MIDI Song and one Audio Song) simultaneously and allows for a smooth tran-
sition between the two.
Song List: Plays back Songs continuously according to a previously created Song List.
Mic/Guitar Connections—Sing/play along with the keyboard performance
By connecting a microphone to the MIC/GUITAR [INPUT] jack (standard 1/4” phone plug connector), you can enjoy singing along with your keyboard performance or with Song playback. The instrument outputs your vocals through the connected speaker system. The PSR-A5000 lets you connect an electric guitar, and you can even use powerful DSP effects to process the guitar sound instead, and play that along with the keyboard sounds.
14 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
Scale Tune—Selecting or Creating a Temperament
The Scale Tune function allows you to select, create and use desired temperament to fit the music you want to play. You can memorize the temperament to Scale Tune Memory buttons and recall it instantly with the buttons during your perfor­mance. The memorized settings on five Scale Tune Memory buttons can be saved as a single Scale Tune Memory Bank file.
Registration Memory—Saving and recalling custom panel setups
The Registration Memory function allows you to save (or “register”) virtually all panel settings to a Registration Memory button, and then instantly recall your custom panel settings by simply pressing a single button. The registered settings for eight Registration Memory buttons are saved as a single Registration Memory Bank (file).
Playlist—Managing large amounts of songs and settings
The Playlist function makes it easy to manage and call up your songs and the related settings, no matter how numerous. The Playlist allows you to recall a specific song from more than eight songs by a simple, single step. Up to 2500 songs can be registered in the Playlist, and you can call up the panel settings corresponding to each song by a single tap of the screen.
Recording—Capturing your performances
This instrument allows you to record your performance and save it as a MIDI file in SMF format. The instrument also lets you record your performances as audio data (WAV/MP3) to a USB flash drive or the internal User drive. In addition, MIDI recording also features two convenient recording methods, Quick Recording and Multi Recording.
Major Functions and Terms
PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 15
Top Panel
w
r
!2
!6
!7
@0
!9
!5
!4
!3
!8
e
!0 !1
t
y
o
u
i
q
Panel Controls and Terminals
q [ ] (Standby/On) switch ................................ Page20
Turns on the instrument’s power or sets to standby.
w [MASTER VOLUME] dial ............................. Page20
Adjusts the overall volume.
e [ASSIGN] button, LIVE CONTROL knobs
........................................................................... Page56
Assigns functions and controls sounds in real time.
r SONG [PLAYER] button .........................Pages24, 67
Calls up the Song Player display.
t SONG [RECORDING] button ................Pages24, 87
Calls up the Song Recording display.
y SONG playback control buttons..................... Page70
Controls MIDI and Audio Song playback.
u STYLE category selection buttons ................. Page40
Selects a Style category.
i TRANSPOSE buttons...................................... Page55
Transposes the entire pitch of the instrument in semitone steps.
16 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
o TEMPO buttons ............................................... Page42
Controls the tempo for Style, Song and Metronome playback.
!0 [RESET/TAP TEMPO] button ............... Pages42, 59
Allows you to change the tempo by tapping the button twice at the desired tempo. During Style playback, this instantly resets (rewinds) the Style section playback.
!1 [MIXER/EQ] button ................................ Pages24, 83
Calls up the Mixer display which adjusts the parameters of each part, such as volume, pan, and EQ.
!2 CHORD LOOPER buttons ............................. Page60
Controls recording and loop playback of the Chord Looper function.
!3 [DIRECT ACCESS] button................... Pages32, 113
For instantly calling up the desired display with just a single additional button press.
!4 STYLE CONTROL buttons.................... Pages40, 58
For controlling Style playback.
Panel Controls and Terminals
@4
@1
@2 @3
@7
@5
@6
@9 #0 #1 #2
@8
!5 Joystick, [JOYSTICK HOLD] button ........... Page62
For using pitch bend, modulation and assigned func­tions.
!6 [STYLE TEMPO LOCK/ASSIGNABLE]
button ................................................................ Page57
Controls lock/reset to lock the Style tempo, or turn the assigned function on/off.
!7 SCALE TUNE SETTING, MEMORY,
BYPASS buttons............................................... Page78
For controlling and setting up Scale Tune.
!8 [PHONES] jack ................................................ Page19
For connecting a pair of headphones.
!9 Touch LCD and related controls .................... Page26
@0 ASSIGNABLE buttons.................................... Page97
For assigning shortcuts to often used functions.
@1 [MIC SETTING] button ............................... Page104
@2 [MENU] button......................................... Pages25, 29
Calls up the Menu display, which allows you to call up various functions.
@3 [PLAYLIST] button ................................. Pages25, 93
Calls up the Playlist display.
@4 VOICE category selection buttons.................. Page48
Selects a Voice category.
@5 [HARMONY/ARPEGGIO] button ................ Page50
Applies the Harmony or Arpeggio to the right-hand Voices.
@6 [SUSTAIN] button............................................ Page63
Applies Sustain to the right-hand Voices.
@7 PART SELECT buttons................................... Page48
Selects a Voice for each of the keyboard parts.
@8 PART ON/OFF buttons ................................... Page44
Turns each of the keyboard parts on or off.
Calls up the display from which you can make settings for the microphone/guitar.
PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 17
q w e r t y u
@9 REGISTRATION MEMORY buttons........... Page89
For registering and recalling panel setups.
#0 ONE TOUCH SETTING buttons............Pages43, 54
Calls up the appropriate panel settings for the Style.
#1 MULTI PAD CONTROL buttons ........... Pages53, 64
Selects and plays a rhythmic or melodic Multi Pad phrase.
Rear Panel
#2 UPPER OCTAVE buttons ............................... Page55
Shifts the pitch of the keyboard in octave steps.
Panel Setup (Panel Settings)
By using the controls on the panel, you can make various set­tings as described here. These settings of the instrument are together referred to as “panel setup” or “panel settings” in this manual.
q DC IN jack ........................................................ Page20
For connecting the power adaptor.
w SUB (AUX) OUTPUT [1 (L/L+R)], [2 (R)]
jacks ................................................................ Page105
For connecting external audio devices. These jacks function as either SUB 1-2 or AUX outputs, depending on the Line Out settings.
e MAIN OUTPUT [L/L+R], [R] jacks ............ Page105
For connecting external audio devices.
Attaching the Music Rest
Insert the music rest into the slots as shown.
r [AUX IN] jack................................................. Page106
For connecting an external audio device, such as a por­table audio player.
t [MIC GUITAR] switch .................................. Page103
For switching between “MIC” and “Guitar” for proper use of the [MIC/GUITAR INPUT] jack.
y [MIC/GUITAR INPUT] jack ........................Page103
For connecting a microphone or guitar.
18 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
Panel Controls and Terminals
Standard stereo phone plug
Do not listen with the headphones at high volume for long periods of time. Doing so may cause hearing loss.
CAUTION
i o
!0
!1
u [GAIN] knob................................................... Page103
For adjusting the input level of the [MIC/GUITAR INPUT] jack.
i FOOT PEDAL [1], [2] jacks.......................... Page107
For connecting footswitches and/or foot controllers.
o MIDI [IN], [OUT] terminals ......................... Page110
For connecting external MIDI devices.
Using the Headphones
Connect a pair of headphones to the [PHONES] jack.
!0 USB TO DEVICE terminals ......................... Page108
For connecting USB devices, such as a USB flash drive, or an optional wireless LAN adaptor, etc.
!1 [USB TO HOST] terminal ............................. Page110
For connecting to computer, or an optional wireless MIDI adaptor.
PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 19
Starting Up
3
1
2
AC adaptor
DC IN jack
(page 18)
AC outlet
The shape of the plug and outlet differs depending on your area.
Power cord
NOTE
NOTE
CAUTION
NOTICE
2
Power Supply
Connect the AC adaptor in the order shown in the illustration.
WARNING
Use the specified AC adaptor (page 119) only. Using the wrong AC adaptor can result in damage to the instrument or overheating.
CAUTION
When setting up the product, make sure that the AC outlet you are using is easily accessible. If some trouble or malfunction occurs, immediately turn the power off and disconnect the plug from the outlet.
Reverse the order shown above (3-2-1) when disconnecting the AC adaptor.
Turning the Power On/Off
1 Turn down the [MASTER VOLUME] dial down to “MIN.”
2 Press the [ ] (Standby/On) switch to turn the power on.
After a brief interval, the Home display (page 26) appears. Adjust the volume as desired while playing the keyboard.
3 After you finish using the instrument, turn off the power by
pressing and holding the [ ] (Standby/On) switch for about a second.
20 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
Until the Home display appears, no operations can be carried out, including power-off and keyboard performance.
Even when the [ ] (Standby/On) switch is turned off, electricity is still flowing to the product at the minimum level. When you are not using the product for a long time, make sure to unplug the power cord from the wall AC outlet.
When recording or editing, or while a message is displayed, the power cannot be turned off even if you press the [ ] (Standby/On) switch. If you want to turn off the power, press the [ ] (Standby/On) switch only after recording, editing, or after the message has disappeared. If you need to force-quit the instru­ment, hold down the [ ] (Standby/On) switch for longer than three seconds. Note that the force-quit operation might cause data loss and damage to the instrument.
Auto Power Off function
NOTICE
NOTE
Lowest key
To prevent unnecessary power consumption, this instrument features an Auto Power Off function that automatically turns the power off if the instrument is not operated for a speci­fied period of time. The amount of time that elapses before the power is automatically turned off is approximately 30 minutes by default; however, you can change the setting (page 21).
Any data which is not saved via the Save operation will be lost if the power automatically turns off. Make sure to save your data before this happens.
Disabling Auto Power Off (simple method)
Turn the power on while holding down the lowest key on the keyboard. A message appears briefly and the Auto Power Off function is disabled.
Making Basic Settings
As necessary, make basic settings for the instrument, such as the language shown on the display.
1 Call up the Utility operation display.
First, press the [MENU] button to call up the Menu display. Then touch [Menu 2] to move to page 2 on the display (if necessary), and touch [Utility].
2 Touch [System] on the display.
3 Make the necessary settings by touching the display.
When a USB flash drive containing a large number of files is connected to the instrument, the execution of the Auto Power Off function may be post­poned, since the file search index is automatically updated.
Starting Up
Language Determines the language used in the display for menu names and
Owner name Lets you input your name which appears in the opening display
Auto Power Off Lets you set the amount of time that elapses before the power is
messages. Touch this setting to call up the language list, and then select the desired one.
(called up when the power is turned on). Touch this setting to call up the character entry window, and then input your name (page 36).
turned off by the Auto Power Off function (page 21). Touch this to call up the list of settings, and then select the desired one. To disable Auto Power Off, select “Disabled” here.
For information on the other items in this display, refer to the Reference Manual on the website (page 9).
PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 21
Changing the Brightness of the Main Display and Button Lamps
Here you can change the brightness of the main display and button lamps.
1 Call up the operation display (Utility) (step 1 on page 21).
2 Call up the “Touch Screen/Display” display.
Touch [Touch Screen/Display] on the display.
3 Change the settings by touching the display.
Screen Use the slider to adjust the brightness of the main display.
Button Lamps Touch []/[] to adjust the brightness of the button lamps.
For information on the other items in this display, refer to the Reference Manual on the website (page 9).
22 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
Display Structure
LCD (Main Display; touch screen)
The LCD indicates the parameters and values related to the currently selected operation. You can operate by touching the 'virtual' buttons or sliders on the display. For details on the dis­play structure, see below.
Panel buttons and lamps
Many of the panel buttons have colored lamps that indicate the corresponding function statuses by lighting on/off, flashing, or changing in color. For details on the lighting rules and indications, refer to the relevant function’s description.
Home display
This is portal of the instrument’s display structure, which provides at-a-glance infor­mation on all current settings. (page 26)
This instrument has an LCD touch screen display and button lamps for visually helping you understand the cur­rent status.
Display Structure
Main Display Structure
When the instrument is turned on, the Home display is called up. By touching the display, you can call up the various func­tions.
However, as you operate the instrument, you can directly call up displays dedicated to each main function directly by pressing the corresponding buttons on the front panel. Other functions and various detailed settings for the instrument can be accessed from the Menu display. Also, depending on the particular function, you can call up the File Selection display to select desired files.
The next page shows an overview of how to call up each major function display.
PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 23
How to call up the major function displays by the buttons
Style Selection display
One of the File Selection displays (page 28) for selecting Styles.
Song Playback display
This is for controlling Song playback (pages 66, 70).
Song Recording display
For recording your perfor­mance (page 87).
Mixer display
For adjusting the parameters of each part, such as volume, pan, and EQ (page 83). It also allows you to adjust overall sound controls, by Master Compressor and Master EQ (page 99).
This map shows how to call up the displays for each key function by the buttons on the panel.
24 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
Menu display
By touching each of the icons, you can call up various functions, such as Song Score, Volume Balance and other detailed settings. (page 29)
Voice Selection display
One of the File Selection displays for selecting Voices for the key­board parts (page 48).
Playlist display
This is for selecting and editing Playlists. (page 93)
Mic Setting display
This is for making settings for the microphone or the guitar sound (page 104).
Multi Pad Selection display
One of the File Selection displays for selecting a Multi Pad Bank (page 53).
Registration Memory Bank Selection display
One of the File Selection displays for selecting Registration Memory Bank (page 91).
Display Structure
PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 25
Basic Operations
q
t
r
y
w
e
Display Configuration
This section covers the most often used displays: Home, File Selection and Menu. The Home display appears when the power is turned on. The term “File Selection display” refers to all the various displays called up on the instrument from which you can select files. The Menu display is a portal display for various functions and can be called up by pressing the [MENU] button.
Home Display
Appears when the power is turned on. This display shows the current basic settings such as the current Voice and Style, allowing you to see them at a single glance. Because of this, you should normally have the Home display shown when you perform on the keyboard.
q Voice area
Indicates the current Voices for each of the keyboard parts (Left and Right 1–3) and the on/off status of the four parts. Touching a Voice name calls up the Voice Selection display for the corresponding part.
w Song area
Indicates information related to Song playback/recording. The information on Song playback is dis­played depending on the Song playback mode (page 67). Touching the file name calls up the relevant selection display. When in recording, the recording status is displayed. Touching the recording status calls up the recording display.
e Style area
Indicates information for the current Style, such as the current position of the section playback, the cur­rent chord name, and the time signature. Touching a Style name calls up the Style Selection display. When the [ACMP] button is set to on, the chord specified in the chord section of the keyboard will be displayed.
r Multi Pad area
Indicates the current Multi Pad Bank. Touching a Multi Pad Bank name calls up the Multi Pad Bank Selection display.
26 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
t Other Information area
u
q
r t y
ew
Indicates the current status, such as the current Registration Memory or Scale Tune information. For details, see below.
y Shortcut area
Contains the shortcut icons which let you call up various functions with a single touch. Touching a shortcut icon calls up the display of the corresponding function. You can also register your own custom shortcut icons as desired here, via the Assignable display (page 97).
Other Information area in the Home display
q Bar/Beat/Tempo
Displays the current position (bar/beat/tempo) in Style playback or MIDI Song playback. By rotating the Data dial, you can call up the Tempo pop-up display and adjust the tempo.
w Upper Octave/Transpose
Displays the amount by which the upper octave value is shifted, and the amount of master transposition in semitone units (page 55).
e Clock
Once this instrument has accessed the network via the USB Wireless LAN Adaptor, the current time is shown here.
r Registration Memory Bank
Indicates the currently selected Registration Memory Bank name and Registration Memory number. Touching a Registration Memory Bank name calls up the Registration Memory Bank Selection display.
t Registration Sequence
Appears when the Registration Sequence is active. For instructions on programming the sequence, refer to the Reference Manual on the website.
y Scale Tune
Indicates the currently selected Scale Tune Memory Bank name and Scale Tune Memory number with its name. Touching a Scale Tune Memory Bank name calls up the Scale Tune Memory Bank Selection display.
u MIC/GUITAR Input level indicator
When a microphone or guitar is connected, this indicates the input level. Adjust the level with the [GAIN] knob so that the indicator lights in green or yellow (but not in red). For details on connecting a microphone or guitar, refer to page 103.
Basic Operations
PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 27
File Selection Display
q t
w e
r
The File Selection display is for selecting a Voice, Style, Song, Multi Pad set and other items. You can call up this display by touching the name of the Voice, Style or Song on the Home display, or by pressing one of the VOICE buttons or STYLE buttons, etc. The displays differ depending on which file type is selected. For example, when Voice is selected, the Voice Selection display is called up. This section explains the display structures common to all types of the File selection displays.
q Main Category
For selecting the Preset, User, or Favorite tab.
Preset
User
Favorite
Location where preset data are available. A wide variety of data such as Voices and Styles are divided into several sub categories (tabs).
Location where recorded or edited data is saved. Data saved to the instrument are shown in “User” (User drive), while data in the connected USB flash drive are shown in “USB.” In this manual, data in the User tab are referred to as “User data.”
Location where the data which you have registered as Favorites are shown. This tab may not be shown depending on the data type.
w Sub Category / Drives
• When the Preset tab is selected in the main categories, the sub categories are shown here according to the data type. For example, various instrument types such as Piano are shown on the Voice Selection display.
• When the User tab is selected, the drives available are shown as sub categories.
e Selectable data (files)
The files that can be selected are shown. If two or more pages are available, you can call up another page by touching the desired page tab at the bottom of this area.
r Folder Path
The current path or folder is shown here according to the folder structure.
t Operation icons
The functions (save, copy, delete, etc.) which can be operated via the File Selection display are shown. The icons shown here differ depending on which File Selection display is selected. For detailed instruc­tions, refer to “File Management” (page 33), or the instructions for each function’s File Selection dis­play.
28 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
Menu Display
NOTE
This is the portal display for using various functions and can be called up by pressing the [MENU] button.
Various convenient functions are shown via icons, and touching one of them calls up the corresponding function. This list consists of two pages, which you can select by touching [Menu 1] or [Menu 2], or pressing the [MENU] button several times. For brief information on each function, refer to the “Function List” (page 111).
Instruction conventions for the Menu display
Throughout this manual, instructions with multiple steps are given in convenient shorthand, with arrows indicating the proper sequence.
Example: [MENU] [Utility] [System] [Language] The example above describes a four step operation:
1) Press the [MENU] button to call up the Menu display.
2) From the Menu display, touch [Utility].
3) Touch [System].
4) Touch [Language].
You can also change pages by flicking horizontally.
Basic Operations
Closing the Current Display
To close the current display, press the [EXIT] button or touch at the upper right of the display (or window) or [Close] at the lower right of pop-up displays. When a message (information or confirmation dialog) appears, touching the appropriate item such as “Yes” or “No” closes the message. If you want to instantly return to the Home display, press the [DIRECT ACCESS] and [EXIT] buttons simultaneously.
PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual 29
Display-based Controls
Do not use any sharp or hard tools to operate the touch screen. Doing so may damage the display.
NOTICE
Keep in mind that operation by simultaneously touching two or more points on the display is not possible.
NOTE
NOTE
NOTE
NOTE
The display of this instrument is a special touch screen that allows you to select or change the desired parameter by simply touching the corresponding setting on the display. You can also decrease/increase the value in small steps by rotating the Data dial or pressing the [DEC]/[INC] button.
Using the display (touch screen)
Tou ch
To select an item, lightly touch the corresponding indication on the display.
If you find the system sounds (pro­duced when touching the display) dis­tracting, you can turn them on/off from [MENU] [Utility] [Touch Screen/ Display] Touch Screen [Sound]
Slide
Hold down the display slider, and then slide your finger vertically or horizontally to change the parameter value.
In the case of a vertical slider, the slide operation is only effective for the slider when it is selected. To select a slider, touch it once. The selected state is indi­cated by a surrounding orange frame.
Rotate
Touch and hold the display knob, and rotate your finger around the knob to change the parameter value.
The rotate operation is only effective for the knob when it is selected. To select a knob, touch it once. The selected state is indicated by a surrounding orange frame.
Touch and hold
This instruction means to touch the object in the display and hold it for a while. When setting values by using the []/[] buttons, a slider or a knob, you can restore the default value by touching and holding the value on the display.
30 PSR-A5000 Owner’s Manual
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