Keithley 2440, 2430, 2425, 2420, 2410 User Manual

Model 2400 Series SourceMeter

®

User's Manual

A GREATER MEASURE OF CONFIDENCE

WARRANTY

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a

period of 1 year from date of shipment.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables,

rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.

During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective.

To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in

Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation

prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid.

Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at least 90 days.

LIMITATION OF WARRANTY

This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley’s express written

consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable

batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow instructions.

THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUD-

ING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE.

THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER’S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.

NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR

ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF

THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS

BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAM-

AGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION,

LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.

Keithley Instruments, Inc. 28775 Aurora Road • Cleveland, Ohio 44139 • 440-248-0400 • Fax: [phone]

1-888-KEITHLEY (534-8453) • www.keithley.com

Sales Offices: BELGIUM: Bergensesteenweg 709 • B-1600 Sint-Pieters-Leeuw • 02-363 00 40 • Fax: [phone]

CHINA: Yuan Chen Xin Building, Room 705 • 12 Yumin Road, Dewai, Madian • Beijing 100029 • 8610-6202-2886 • Fax: [phone]

FINLAND: Tietäjäntie 2 • 02130 Espoo • Phone: [phone] • Fax: [phone]

FRANCE: 3, allée des Garays • 91127 Palaiseau Cédex • 01-64 53 20 20 • Fax: [phone]

GERMANY: Landsberger Strasse 65 • 82110 Germering • 089/84 93 07-40 • Fax: [phone]

GREAT BRITAIN: Unit 2 Commerce Park, Brunel Road • Theale • Berkshire RG7 4AB • 0118 929 7500 • Fax: [phone]

INDIA: Flat 2B, Willocrissa • 14, Rest House Crescent • Bangalore 560 001 • 91-80-509-1320/21 • Fax: [phone]

ITALY: Viale San Gimignano, 38 • 20146 Milano • 02-48 39 16 01 • Fax: [phone]

JAPAN: New Pier Takeshiba North Tower 13F • 11-1, Kaigan 1-chome • Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0022 • 81-3-5733-7555 • Fax: [phone]

KOREA: 2FL., URI Building • 2-14 Yangjae-Dong • Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-888 • 82-2-574-7778 • Fax: [phone]

NETHERLANDS: Postbus 559 • 4200 AN Gorinchem • 0183-635333 • Fax: [phone]

SWEDEN: c/o Regus Business Centre • Frosundaviks Allé 15, 4tr • 169 70 Solna • 08-509 04 679 • Fax: [phone]

SWITZERLAND: Kriesbachstrasse 4 • 8600 Dübendorf • 01-821 94 44 • Fax: [phone]

TAIWAN: 1FL., 85 Po Ai Street • Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. • 886-3-572-9077• Fax: [phone]

4/02

2400 Series SourceMeter

®

User’s Manual

©1998, Keithley Instruments, Inc.

All rights reserved.

Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.

Seventh Printing, May 2002

Document Number: 2400S-900-01 Rev. G

Manual Print History

The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created

for this manual. The Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes sub-

sequent updates. Addenda, which are released between Revisions, contain important change in-

formation that the user should incorporate immediately into the manual. Addenda are numbered

sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the previous Revision

of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes

a revised copy of this print history page.

Revision A (Document Number 2400S-900-01)........................................................... August 1998

Revision B (Document Number 2400S-900-01).......................................................... January 1999

Addendum B (Document Number 2400S-900-02) ..........................................................April 1999

Revision C (Document Number 2400S-900-01).............................................................. April 1999

Addendum C (Document Number 2400S-900-02) ..................................................November 1999

Revision D (Document Number 2400S-900-01).......................................................... January 2000

Revision E (Document Number 2400S-900-01) ................................................................ July 2000

Revision F (Document Number 2400S-900-01) ............................................................... June 2001

Revision G (Document Number 2400S-900-01)............................................................... May 2002

All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.

Other brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

The following safety precautions should be observed before using this product and any associated instrumentation. Although

some instruments and accessories would normally be used with non-hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous

conditions may be present.

This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions

required to avoid possible injury. Read and follow all installation, operation, and maintenance information carefully before us-

ing the product. Refer to the manual for complete product specifications.

If the product is used in a manner not specified, the protection provided by the product may be impaired.

The types of product users are:

Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equip-

ment is operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for ensuring that operators are adequately trained.

Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the

instrument. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with hazardous live circuits.

Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product to keep it operating properly, for example, setting the line

voltage or replacing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in the manual. The procedures explicitly state

if the operator may perform them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service personnel.

Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly

trained service personnel may perform installation and service procedures.

Keithley products are designed for use with electrical signals that are rated Installation Category I and Installation Category II,

as described in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard IEC 60664. Most measurement, control, and data

I/O signals are Installation Category I and must not be directly connected to mains voltage or to voltage sources with high tran-

sient over-voltages. Installation Category II connections require protection for high transient over-voltages often associated with

local AC mains connections. Assume all measurement, control, and data I/O connections are for connection to Category I sourc-

es unless otherwise marked or described in the Manual.

Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures.

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS,

42.4V peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown

circuit before measuring.

Operators of this product must be protected from electric shock at all times. The responsible body must ensure that operators

are prevented access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases, connections must be exposed to potential

human contact. Product operators in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves from the risk of electric shock.

If the circuit is capable of operating at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of the circuit may be exposed.

Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits. They are intended to be used with impedance limited sourc-

es. NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When connecting sources to switching cards, install protective de-

vices to limit fault current and voltage to the card.

Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the con-

necting cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.

When installing equipment where access to the main power cord is restricted, such as rack mounting, a separate main input pow-

er disconnect device must be provided, in close proximity to the equipment and within easy reach of the operator.

For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any other instruments while power is applied to the circuit under

test. ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting ca-

S

afety Precautions

5/02

bles or jumpers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.

Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground. Al-

ways make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being measured.

The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the

equipment may be impaired.

Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and accessories, as defined in the specifications and operating in-

formation, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or switching card.

When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating for continued protection against fire hazard.

Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.

If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is applied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use

of a lid interlock.

If or is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the wire recommended in the user documentation.

The symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual.

The symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or measure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of

normal and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages.

The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated

information very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.

The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the war-

ranty.

Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.

Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and all test cables.

To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement components in mains circuits, including the power transformer,

test leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instruments. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety ap-

provals, may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components that are not safety related may be purchased from

other suppliers as long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that selected parts should be purchased only

through Keithley Instruments to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are unsure about the applicability

of a replacement component, call a Keithley Instruments office for information.

To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply

cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with

no case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a computer) should never require cleaning if handled accord-

ing to instructions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is affected, the board should be returned to the factory for

proper cleaning/servicing.

!

Table of Contents

1 Getting Started

General information ................................................................... 1-2

Warranty information .......................................................... 1-2

Contact information ............................................................ 1-2

Manual addenda .................................................................. 1-2

Safety symbols and terms ................................................... 1-2

Inspection ............................................................................ 1-3

Options and accessories ...................................................... 1-3

General purpose probes ............................................... 1-3

Low thermal probes ..................................................... 1-4

Cables and adapters ..................................................... 1-4

Rack mount kits ........................................................... 1-5

Carrying case ............................................................... 1-5

Product overview ........................................................................ 1-5

Front and rear panel familiarization ........................................... 1-7

Front panel summary .......................................................... 1-7

Rear panel summary ........................................................... 1-9

Power-up .................................................................................. 1-10

Line power connection ...................................................... 1-10

Power-up sequence ........................................................... 1-11

System identification ......................................................... 1-11

Line frequency setting ....................................................... 1-12

Front panel line frequency ......................................... 1-12

Remote command line frequency .............................. 1-12

Fuse replacement .............................................................. 1-13

Cooling fan ............................................................................... 1-13

Display ..................................................................................... 1-14

Display format .................................................................. 1-14

EDIT key ........................................................................... 1-14

TOGGLE key .................................................................... 1-15

Status and error messages ................................................. 1-15

Remote display programming ........................................... 1-15

Front panel tests ................................................................ 1-16

Default settings ......................................................................... 1-16

Saving and restoring user setups ....................................... 1-16

Saving setups ............................................................. 1-16

Restoring setups ......................................................... 1-16

Power-on configuration .............................................. 1-17

Factory default settings ..................................................... 1-17

Remote setups ................................................................... 1-20

Menus ....................................................................................... 1-20

Main menu ......................................................................... 1-20

Rules to navigate menus .................................................... 1-24

Editing source and compliance values .............................. 1-24

Toggling the source and measure display fields ................ 1-25

Disabling front panel display ............................................ 1-25

Front panel control ..................................................... 1-26

Remote command programming ................................ 1-26

Configuration menus ......................................................... 1-26

2 Connections

Connection overview .................................................................. 2-2

Front/rear terminals selection .............................................. 2-2

Front panel terminals selection .................................... 2-2

Remote command terminals selection ......................... 2-3

Test fixture interlock .................................................... 2-3

Connections to DUT ................................................................... 2-3

Sensing methods .................................................................. 2-5

4-wire remote sensing .................................................. 2-6

2-wire local sensing ..................................................... 2-7

Guarding methods ............................................................... 2-8

Cable guard .................................................................. 2-8

Ohms guard .................................................................. 2-9

Sense and guard selections ......................................... 2-11

Sense selection ........................................................... 2-11

Guard selection .......................................................... 2-12

3 Basic Source-Measure Operation

WARNING - CAUTION ............................................................ 3-2

Operation overview .................................................................... 3-3

Source-measure capabilities ................................................ 3-3

Compliance limit ................................................................. 3-6

Setting the compliance limit ................................................ 3-7

Front panel compliance limit ....................................... 3-7

Compliance range synchronization .............................. 3-7

Remote compliance limit ............................................. 3-7

Basic circuit configurations ................................................. 3-8

Operation considerations ............................................................ 3-9

Warm-up .............................................................................. 3-9

Auto zero ............................................................................. 3-9

Front panel auto zero .................................................... 3-9

Remote command auto zero ......................................... 3-9

NPLC caching ................................................................... 3-10

NPLC cache setup ...................................................... 3-10

Typical NPLC cache test times .................................. 3-11

V-source protection ........................................................... 3-11

Front panel V-source protection ................................. 3-12

Remote command V-source protection ...................... 3-12

Source delay ...................................................................... 3-12

Front panel source delay ............................................ 3-13

Remote command source delay ................................. 3-13

Basic source-measure procedure .............................................. 3-14

Output control ................................................................... 3-14

Front panel source-measure procedure ............................. 3-14

Step 1: Select source. ................................................. 3-14

Step 2: Set source level and compliance limit. .......... 3-14

Step 3: Select measurement function and range. ....... 3-16

Step 4: Turn output on. .............................................. 3-17

Step 5: Observe readings on the display. ................... 3-17

Step 6: Turn output off. .............................................. 3-18

Remote command source-measure procedure .................. 3-18

Basic source-measure commands .............................. 3-18

Source-measure programming example .................... 3-19

Measure only ............................................................................ 3-20

Front panel measure only .................................................. 3-20

Remote command measure only ....................................... 3-21

Sink operation .......................................................................... 3-22

Battery charging/discharging ............................................ 3-22

Sink programming example .............................................. 3-24

4 Ohms Measurements

Ohms configuration menu .......................................................... 4-2

Ohms measurement methods ..................................................... 4-3

Selecting ohms measurement method ................................. 4-4

Auto ohms measurements ................................................... 4-4

Manual ohms measurements ............................................... 4-5

Ohms sensing ............................................................................. 4-7

Sense selection .................................................................... 4-8

Offset-compensated ohms .......................................................... 4-9

Enabling/disabling offset-compensated ohms .................... 4-9

Offset-compensated ohms procedure ................................ 4-10

Ohms source readback ............................................................. 4-11

Ohms source readback selection ....................................... 4-11

6-wire ohms measurements ...................................................... 4-11

Remote ohms programming ..................................................... 4-12

Remote ohms commands .................................................. 4-12

Ohms programming example ............................................ 4-13

5 Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only)

Overview .................................................................................... 5-2

Pulse characteristics .................................................................... 5-3

Pulse width .......................................................................... 5-4

Signal measurement ..................................................... 5-4

Overhead time .............................................................. 5-4

Pulse width delay ......................................................... 5-5

Output off-time .................................................................... 5-5

Reference and zero measurements ............................... 5-5

Overhead time .............................................................. 5-5

Pulse delay ................................................................... 5-6

Pulse duty cycle ................................................................... 5-6

Fast pulse output .................................................................. 5-6

Auto zero ...................................................................... 5-7

Pulse-only ..................................................................... 5-8

Pulse jitter ............................................................................ 5-8

Pulse energy limitations (10A range) ......................................... 5-9

Pulse Mode configuration ......................................................... 5-10

Front panel Pulse Mode configuration .............................. 5-10

Select Pulse Mode, and set pulse width

and pulse delay ....................................................... 5-10

Set pulse measurement speed ..................................... 5-10

Set pulse count ........................................................... 5-10

Disable/enable auto zero ............................................ 5-11

Remote command Pulse Mode configuration ................... 5-11

Basic Pulse Mode operation ..................................................... 5-12

Front panel pulse-measure procedure ............................... 5-12

Step 1: Select Pulse Mode, and set pulse width

and pulse delay. ...................................................... 5-12

Step 2: Set pulse measurement speed. ....................... 5-12

Step 3: Set pulse count. .............................................. 5-12

Step 4: Select source. ................................................. 5-13

Step 5: Set pulse level and compliance limit. ............. 5-13

Step 6: Select measurement function and range. ....... 5-13

Step 7: Turn output on. ............................................... 5-14

Pulse-ohms measurements ................................................ 5-14

Auto and Manual pulse-ohms measurements ............ 5-14

Offset-compensated pulse-ohms measurements ........ 5-14

Remote command pulse-measure operation ..................... 5-15

Basic pulse commands ............................................... 5-15

Ignored settings and invalid commands ..................... 5-15

Pulse-measure programming example ....................... 5-16

Pulse-measure considerations .................................................. 5-16

Measurement speed ........................................................... 5-16

Filter .................................................................................. 5-17

Auto range ......................................................................... 5-17

Concurrent measurements ................................................. 5-17

Ohms source readback ...................................................... 5-17

Toggle key ......................................................................... 5-17

Offset-compensated ohms ................................................. 5-18

Source delay ...................................................................... 5-18

Trigger delay ..................................................................... 5-18

Input triggers ..................................................................... 5-19

Output triggers .................................................................. 5-19

Auto output-off ................................................................. 5-19

Output-off state ................................................................. 5-19

Turning source on ............................................................. 5-20

SCPI signal oriented measurement commands ................. 5-20

6 Source-Measure Concepts

Compliance limit ........................................................................ 6-2

Types of compliance ........................................................... 6-2

Maximum compliance values ............................................. 6-3

Compliance examples ......................................................... 6-4

Compliance principles ........................................................ 6-4

Passive load compliance example ................................ 6-4

Active load compliance example ................................. 6-4

Determining compliance limit ............................................ 6-5

Overheating protection ............................................................... 6-6

Overheating conditions ....................................................... 6-6

Power equations to avoid shutdown .................................... 6-7

Model 2400 SourceMeter ............................................ 6-7

Model 2410 SourceMeter ............................................ 6-8

Model 2420 SourceMeter ............................................ 6-8

Models 2425 and 2430 SourceMeters ......................... 6-9

Model 2440 SourceMeter ............................................ 6-9

Source-delay-measure cycle ..................................................... 6-10

Sweep waveforms ............................................................. 6-12

Operating boundaries ............................................................... 6-14

Source or sink ................................................................... 6-14

Duty cycle ......................................................................... 6-14

Model 2400 SourceMeter .......................................... 6-15

Model 2410 SourceMeter .......................................... 6-16

Model 2420 SourceMeter .......................................... 6-17

Models 2425 and 2430 SourceMeters ....................... 6-18

Model 2440 SourceMeter .......................................... 6-20

I-Source operating boundaries .......................................... 6-21

Voltage compliance boundaries .................................. 6-24

V-Source operating boundaries ......................................... 6-26

Current compliance boundaries ................................. 6-28

Source I measure I and source V measure V ..................... 6-30

Source readback accuracy .......................................... 6-30

Basic circuit configurations ...................................................... 6-31

Source I ............................................................................. 6-31

Source V ............................................................................ 6-32

Measure only (V or I) ........................................................ 6-33

Guard ........................................................................................ 6-34

Cable guard ....................................................................... 6-34

Ohms guard ....................................................................... 6-35

Guard sense ....................................................................... 6-38

Data flow ................................................................................... 6-40

Buffer considerations ........................................................ 6-42

Changing V, I, or Ω measurement function ................ 6-42

Changing MATH function ......................................... 6-43

Changing REL or LIMITS ......................................... 6-43

7 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters

Range and digits ......................................................................... 7-2

Range ................................................................................... 7-2

Maximum readings ...................................................... 7-2

Ranging limitations ...................................................... 7-2

Manual ranging ............................................................ 7-3

Auto ranging ................................................................ 7-3

Auto range considerations ............................................ 7-3

Auto range change mode .............................................. 7-4

Auto range limits .......................................................... 7-4

Limits evaluation .......................................................... 7-5

Digits ................................................................................... 7-5

Setting display resolution ............................................. 7-5

Remote range and digits programming ............................... 7-5

Range and digits commands ........................................ 7-6

Range and digits programming example ...................... 7-6

Speed .......................................................................................... 7-7

Setting speed ....................................................................... 7-7

Front panel speed control ............................................. 7-7

PULSE SPEED (NPLC) – Model 2430 Pulse Mode ... 7-8

Remote speed programming ................................................ 7-8

Speed commands .......................................................... 7-8

Speed programming example ....................................... 7-9

Filters ......................................................................................... 7-9

Response time considerations ...................................... 7-9

Front panel filter control ................................................... 7-10

Configuring filter ....................................................... 7-10

CONFIGURE FILTERING menu ............................. 7-10

Enabling filter ............................................................ 7-10

Response time ............................................................ 7-11

Remote filter programming ............................................... 7-12

Filter commands ........................................................ 7-12

Filter programming example ..................................... 7-13

8 Relative and Math

Relative ....................................................................................... 8-2

Front panel rel ..................................................................... 8-2

Enabling and disabling rel ........................................... 8-2

Defining a rel value ...................................................... 8-2

Remote rel programming .................................................... 8-3

Rel commands ............................................................. 8-3

Rel programming example .......................................... 8-3

Math operations .......................................................................... 8-4

Built-in math functions ....................................................... 8-4

Power ........................................................................... 8-4

Offset-compensated ohms ............................................ 8-4

Varistor alpha ............................................................... 8-5

Voltage coefficient ....................................................... 8-5

Percent deviation .......................................................... 8-6

Front panel math operations ................................................ 8-6

Remote math operations ..................................................... 8-7

Math commands ........................................................... 8-7

Math programming example ........................................ 8-8

User-defined math functions ............................................... 8-9

Commands for user-defined math functions ................ 8-9

User-defined math function programming example .. 8-10

9 Data Store

Data store overview .................................................................... 9-2

Front panel data store ................................................................. 9-2

Storing readings .................................................................. 9-2

Recalling readings ............................................................... 9-2

Buffer location number ................................................ 9-2

Timestamp ................................................................... 9-3

Displaying other buffer readings ................................. 9-3

Buffer statistics .................................................................... 9-3

Minimum and maximum .............................................. 9-3

Peak-to-peak ................................................................. 9-3

Average ......................................................................... 9-4

Standard deviation ........................................................ 9-4

Timestamp format ............................................................... 9-4

Timestamp accuracy ............................................................ 9-5

Buffer considerations .......................................................... 9-5

Using :TRACe commands to store data ....................... 9-5

Using :READ? to store data ......................................... 9-5

Remote command data store ...................................................... 9-6

Data store commands .......................................................... 9-6

Data store programming example ....................................... 9-7

10 Sweep Operation

Sweep types .............................................................................. 10-2

Linear staircase sweep ....................................................... 10-2

Logarithmic staircase sweep ............................................. 10-4

Custom sweep ................................................................... 10-5

Custom sweep examples ............................................ 10-6

Source memory sweep ...................................................... 10-7

Sweep configuration ................................................... 10-7

Saving and restoring source memory setups .............. 10-7

Saving multiple source memory sweeps .................... 10-8

Saved source memory configurations ........................ 10-8

Sweep branching ...................................................... 10-10

Diode test example ................................................... 10-12

Configuring and running a sweep ........................................... 10-14

Front panel sweep operation ........................................... 10-14

Sweep configuration menu ....................................... 10-14

Setting delay ............................................................. 10-16

Trigger count and sweep points ............................... 10-16

Performing sweeps ................................................... 10-16

Performing a linear staircase sweep ......................... 10-17

Performing a log staircase sweep ............................. 10-18

Performing a custom sweep ..................................... 10-19

Performing a source memory sweep ........................ 10-21

Remote sweep operation ................................................. 10-22

Staircase sweep commands ...................................... 10-22

Staircase sweep programming example ................... 10-22

Custom sweep commands ........................................ 10-24

Custom sweep programming example ..................... 10-25

Source memory sweep commands ........................... 10-25

Source memory sweep programming example ........ 10-26

Sweep branching program example ....................................... 10-27

Pulse Mode sweeps (Model 2430 only) ................................. 10-32

Front panel Pulse Mode sweep procedure ...................... 10-33

Remote Pulse Mode sweep operation ............................. 10-34

11 Triggering

Front panel trigger operation .................................................... 11-2

Front panel trigger model .................................................. 11-2

Event detection .......................................................... 11-2

Idle ............................................................................. 11-2

Arm layer ................................................................... 11-4

Trigger layer .............................................................. 11-5

Counters ..................................................................... 11-6

Output triggers ........................................................... 11-6

Bench defaults ........................................................... 11-7

Operation summary ................................................... 11-7

Configuring triggering ...................................................... 11-8

Trigger configuration menu ....................................... 11-8

Remote trigger operation ....................................................... 11-11

Remote trigger model ..................................................... 11-11

Idle and initiate ........................................................ 11-11

Event detection ........................................................ 11-13

Arm layer ................................................................. 11-13

Trigger layer ............................................................ 11-14

Counters ................................................................... 11-16

Output triggers ......................................................... 11-16

GPIB defaults ........................................................... 11-17

Operation summary ................................................. 11-17

Remote trigger commands .............................................. 11-18

Trigger link ............................................................................. 11-19

Input trigger requirements ............................................... 11-19

Output trigger specifications ........................................... 11-20

Triggering examples ............................................................... 11-20

Front panel trigger example ............................................ 11-20

External trigger example ................................................. 11-23

Trigger link connections .......................................... 11-24

Instrument configurations ........................................ 11-25

Operation ................................................................. 11-26

Remote trigger example .................................................. 11-28

Pulse Mode triggering (Model 2430) ..................................... 11-30

Trigger models ................................................................ 11-30

Idle ........................................................................... 11-33

Source event detector ............................................... 11-33

Pulse delay ............................................................... 11-33

Source action ............................................................ 11-33

Pulse width ............................................................... 11-33

Measure action ......................................................... 11-33

Output triggers ......................................................... 11-34

Invalid trigger settings ..................................................... 11-34

Front panel operation ............................................... 11-34

Remote operation ..................................................... 11-34

12 Limit Testing

Types of limits .......................................................................... 12-2

Pass/fail information .......................................................... 12-3

Data flow ........................................................................... 12-3

Limit 1 test (compliance) .................................................. 12-3

Limit 2, limit 3, and limit 5-12 tests .................................. 12-4

Limit test modes ................................................................ 12-4

Binning .............................................................................. 12-4

Operation overview .................................................................. 12-5

Grading mode .................................................................... 12-5

Binning control .......................................................... 12-5

Pass condition ............................................................. 12-8

Fail condition ............................................................. 12-8

Sorting mode ..................................................................... 12-9

Binning ....................................................................... 12-9

Binning systems ...................................................................... 12-11

Handler interface ............................................................. 12-11

Digital I/O connector ............................................... 12-11

Digital output lines ................................................... 12-12

SOT line ................................................................... 12-12

/INT line ................................................................... 12-12

Handler types ................................................................... 12-12

Category pulse component handler .......................... 12-13

Category register component handler ...................... 12-13

Basic binning systems ..................................................... 12-14

Single-element device binning ................................. 12-14

Multiple-element device binning ............................. 12-15

Digital output clear pattern .............................................. 12-17

Enabling auto-clear .................................................. 12-17

Auto-clear timing ..................................................... 12-18

Configuring and performing limit tests .................................. 12-19

Configuring limit tests ..................................................... 12-19

Performing front panel limit tests ................................... 12-21

Step 1: Configure test system. ................................. 12-21

Step 2: Configure source-measure functions. .......... 12-21

Step 3: Configure limit tests. ................................... 12-22

Step 4: Turn output on. ............................................ 12-22

Step 5: Start testing process. .................................... 12-22

Step 6: Stop testing process. .................................... 12-22

Remote limit testing ............................................................... 12-23

Limit commands ............................................................. 12-23

Limit test programming example .................................... 12-24

13 Digital I/O Port, Safety Interlock, and Output Configuration

Digital I/O port ......................................................................... 13-2

Port configuration .............................................................. 13-2

Digital output lines .................................................... 13-2

SOT line ..................................................................... 13-3

Interlock line .............................................................. 13-3

+5V output ................................................................. 13-3

Digital output configuration .............................................. 13-3

Sink operation ............................................................ 13-3

Source operation ........................................................ 13-4

Controlling digital output lines ......................................... 13-4

Front panel digital output control .............................. 13-4

Remote digital output control .................................... 13-5

Safety interlock ........................................................................ 13-5

Front panel output configuration .............................................. 13-7

Configure OUTPUT menu ................................................ 13-7

Output-off states ................................................................ 13-8

HIGH IMPEDANCE ................................................. 13-8

NORMAL .................................................................. 13-8

ZERO ......................................................................... 13-9

GUARD ..................................................................... 13-9

Output-off states and inductive loads .............................. 13-10

Remote output configuration .................................................. 13-11

Output configuration commands ..................................... 13-11

Output configuration programming example .................. 13-12

14 Remote Operations

Differences: remote vs. local operation .................................... 14-2

Operation enhancements (remote operation) .................... 14-2

Math expressions ........................................................ 14-2

Concurrent measurements .......................................... 14-2

Local-to-remote transition ................................................. 14-2

Remote-to-local transition ................................................. 14-3

Selecting an interface ............................................................... 14-3

GPIB operation ......................................................................... 14-4

GPIB standards .................................................................. 14-4

GPIB connections .............................................................. 14-4

Primary address ................................................................. 14-6

General bus commands ............................................................. 14-7

REN (remote enable) ......................................................... 14-7

IFC (interface clear) .......................................................... 14-7

LLO (local lockout) ........................................................... 14-8

GTL (go to local) ............................................................... 14-8

DCL (device clear) ............................................................ 14-8

SDC (selective device clear) .............................................. 14-8

GET (group execute trigger) ............................................. 14-8

SPE, SPD (serial polling) .................................................. 14-9

Front panel GPIB operation ...................................................... 14-9

Error and status messages ................................................. 14-9

GPIB status indicators ....................................................... 14-9

REM ........................................................................... 14-9

TALK ....................................................................... 14-10

LSTN ........................................................................ 14-10

SRQ .......................................................................... 14-10

LOCAL key ..................................................................... 14-10

Programming syntax ............................................................... 14-11

Command words ............................................................. 14-11

Commands and command parameters ..................... 14-11

Query commands ............................................................. 14-13

Case sensitivity ................................................................ 14-13

Long-form and short-form versions ................................ 14-14

Short-form rules .............................................................. 14-14

Program messages ........................................................... 14-15

Single command messages ....................................... 14-15

Multiple command messages ................................... 14-15

Command path rules ................................................ 14-16

Using common and SCPI commands in the

same message ....................................................... 14-16

Program message terminator (PMT) ........................ 14-16

Command execution rules ........................................ 14-16

Response messages ......................................................... 14-17

Sending a response message .................................... 14-17

Multiple response messages .................................... 14-17

Response message terminator (RMT) ..................... 14-17

Message exchange protocol ............................................ 14-17

RS-232 interface operation .................................................... 14-18

Sending and receiving data ............................................. 14-18

Baud rate ......................................................................... 14-18

Data bits and parity ......................................................... 14-18

Terminator ....................................................................... 14-19

Flow control (signal handshaking) .................................. 14-19

RS-232 connections ........................................................ 14-19

Error messages ................................................................ 14-21

Programming example .................................................... 14-21

15 Status Structure

Overview .................................................................................. 15-2

Status byte and SRQ ......................................................... 15-2

Status register sets ............................................................. 15-2

Queues ............................................................................... 15-2

Clearing registers and queues ................................................... 15-4

Programming and reading registers ......................................... 15-5

Programming enable registers ........................................... 15-5

Reading registers ............................................................... 15-6

Status byte and service request (SRQ) ..................................... 15-7

Status byte register ............................................................ 15-8

Service request enable register .......................................... 15-9

Serial polling and SRQ ..................................................... 15-9

SPE, SPD (serial polling) .......................................... 15-9

Status byte and service request commands ..................... 15-10

Programming example – set MSS (B6)

when error occurs ................................................ 15-10

Status register sets .................................................................. 15-11

Register bit descriptions .................................................. 15-11

Standard Event Register ........................................... 15-11

Operation Event Register ......................................... 15-12

Measurement Event Register ................................... 15-13

Questionable Event Register .................................... 15-15

Condition registers .......................................................... 15-16

Event registers ................................................................. 15-16

Event enable registers ..................................................... 15-17

Programming example — program and

read register set .................................................... 15-18

Queues .................................................................................... 15-18

Output queue ................................................................... 15-18

Error queue ...................................................................... 15-19

Programming example — read error queue ............. 15-20

16 Common Commands

Command summary .................................................................. 16-2

Command reference .................................................................. 16-3

*IDN? — identification query ........................................... 16-3

*OPC — operation complete ............................................ 16-3

*OPC? — operation complete query ................................ 16-3

*OPC programming example ..................................... 16-4

*SAV <NRf> — save ........................................................ 16-4

*RCL <NRf> — recall ...................................................... 16-4

*SAV, *RCL programming example .......................... 16-5

*RST — reset .................................................................... 16-5

*TRG — trigger ................................................................ 16-5

*TRG programming example .................................... 16-6

*TST? — self-test query ................................................... 16-6

*WAI — wait-to-continue ................................................. 16-7

17 SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands

Command summary .................................................................. 17-2

Configuring measurement function .......................................... 17-2

:CONFigure:<function> .................................................... 17-2

Acquiring readings ................................................................... 17-3

:FETCh? ............................................................................ 17-3

[:SENSe[1]]:DATA[:LATest]? ........................................... 17-4

:READ? ............................................................................. 17-4

:MEASure[:<function>]? .................................................. 17-5

18 SCPI Command Reference

Reference tables ........................................................................ 18-2

Calculate subsystems .............................................................. 18-24

CALCulate[1] ......................................................................... 18-24

Select (create) math expression name ............................. 18-24

CATalog? .................................................................. 18-24

NAME <name> ........................................................ 18-24

Program examples .................................................... 18-26

:DELete[:SELected] <name> ................................... 18-29

:DELete:ALL ........................................................... 18-29

Assign unit suffix ............................................................. 18-29

:UNITs <name> ....................................................... 18-29

Define math expression ................................................... 18-30

[:EXPRession] <form> or [:DEFine] <form> ......... 18-30

Enable and read math expression result .......................... 18-33

:STATe <b> .............................................................. 18-33

:DATA? .................................................................... 18-33

:LATest? ................................................................... 18-34

CALCulate2 ........................................................................... 18-34

Select input path .............................................................. 18-34

FEED <name> ......................................................... 18-34

Null feed reading ............................................................. 18-35

OFFSet <n> ............................................................. 18-35

ACQuire ................................................................... 18-35

STATe <b> ............................................................... 18-35

Read CALC2 ................................................................... 18-35

DATA? ..................................................................... 18-35

LATest? .................................................................... 18-36

Configure and control limit tests ..................................... 18-36

COMPliance:FAIL <name> ..................................... 18-36

[:DATA] <n> ............................................................ 18-36

SOURce2 <NRf> |<NDN> ...................................... 18-37

PASS:SOURce2 <NRf> | NDN ............................... 18-39

STATe <b> ............................................................... 18-39

FAIL? ....................................................................... 18-40

Composite testing ............................................................ 18-40

PASS:SOURce2 <NRf> | NDN ............................... 18-40

FAIL:SOURce2 <NRf> | <NDN> ........................... 18-41

FAIL:SMLocation <NRf> | NEXT ......................... 18-42

PASS:SMLocation <NRf> | NEXT ......................... 18-42

BCONtrol <name> .................................................. 18-43

MODE <name> ....................................................... 18-43

Clear test results .............................................................. 18-44

[:IMMediate] ............................................................ 18-44

AUTO <b> ............................................................... 18-44

CALCulate3 ........................................................................... 18-44

Select statistic .................................................................. 18-44

FORMat <name> ..................................................... 18-44

Acquire statistic .............................................................. 18-45

:DATA? .................................................................... 18-45

DISPlay subsystem ................................................................ 18-46

Control display ................................................................ 18-46

DIGits <n> ............................................................... 18-46

ENABle <b> ............................................................ 18-46

ATTRibutes? ............................................................ 18-47

CNDisplay ............................................................... 18-47

Read display .................................................................... 18-47

DATA? ...................................................................... 18-47

Define :TEXT messages .................................................. 18-48

DATA <a> ................................................................ 18-48

STATe <b> ................................................................ 18-48

FORMat subsystem ................................................................ 18-49

Data format ...................................................................... 18-49

[:DATA] <type>[,length] .......................................... 18-49

Data elements .................................................................. 18-51

ELEMents <item list> .............................................. 18-51

SOURce2 <name> ................................................... 18-55

CALC data elements ....................................................... 18-55

CALCulate <item list> ............................................. 18-55

Byte order ........................................................................ 18-56

BORDer <name> ..................................................... 18-56

Status register format ....................................................... 18-56

SREGister <name> .................................................. 18-56

OUTPut subsystem ................................................................. 18-57

Turn source on or off ....................................................... 18-57

[:STATe] <b> ............................................................ 18-57

Interlock control .............................................................. 18-58

STATe <b> ................................................................ 18-58

TRIPped? ................................................................. 18-58

Output-off states .............................................................. 18-58

SMODe .................................................................... 18-58

ROUTe subsystem .................................................................. 18-59

Select input jacks ............................................................. 18-59

TERMinals <name> ................................................. 18-59

SENSe1 subsystem ................................................................. 18-60

Select measurement functions ......................................... 18-60

CONCurrent <b> ...................................................... 18-60

[:ON] <function list> ............................................... 18-61

OFF <function list> .................................................. 18-61

ALL .......................................................................... 18-62

COUNt? ................................................................... 18-62

STATe? <name> ....................................................... 18-62

RESistance:MODE <name> .................................... 18-63

RESistance:OCOMpensated <b> ............................. 18-63

Select measurement range ............................................... 18-64

[:UPPer] <n> ............................................................ 18-65

Select auto range ............................................................. 18-67

AUTO <b> ............................................................... 18-67

LLIMit <n> .............................................................. 18-67

ULIMit <n> .............................................................. 18-68

Set compliance parameters ............................................. 18-68

[:LEVel] <n> ............................................................ 18-68

RSYNhronize <b> ................................................... 18-69

TRIPped? ................................................................. 18-70

Set measurement speed ................................................... 18-70

NPLCycles <n> ....................................................... 18-70

Configure and control filter ............................................. 18-71

TCONtrol <name> ................................................... 18-71

COUNt <n> ............................................................. 18-71

[:STATe] <b> ........................................................... 18-72

SOURce subsystem ................................................................ 18-72

SOURce[1] ...................................................................... 18-72

Control source output-off ................................................ 18-72

[:IMMediate] ............................................................ 18-72

AUTO ...................................................................... 18-73

Select function modes ..................................................... 18-73

SHAPe <name> (Model 2430 only) ........................ 18-73

[:MODE] <name> .................................................... 18-74

Select sourcing mode ...................................................... 18-74

MODE <name> ....................................................... 18-74

Select range ..................................................................... 18-75

RANGe <n> ............................................................. 18-75

AUTO <b> ............................................................... 18-77

Set amplitude for fixed source ........................................ 18-77

[:IMMediate][:AMPLitude] <n> ............................. 18-77

TRIGgered[:AMPLitude] <n> ................................. 18-79

Set voltage limit .............................................................. 18-80

[:LEVel] <n> ............................................................ 18-80

Set delay .......................................................................... 18-83

DELay <n> .............................................................. 18-83

AUTO <b> ............................................................... 18-83

Configure voltage and current sweeps ............................ 18-84

RANGing <name> ................................................... 18-84

SPACing <name> ..................................................... 18-85

STARt <n> ................................................................ 18-85

STOP <n> ................................................................ 18-85

CENTer <n> ............................................................. 18-87

SPAN <n> ................................................................ 18-87

STEP <n> ................................................................ 18-88

POINts <n> .............................................................. 18-90

DIRection <name> .................................................. 18-91

Configure list ................................................................... 18-91

CURRent <NRf list>................................................. 18-91

VOLTage <NRf list> ................................................ 18-91

APPend <NRf list> .................................................. 18-92

POINts? .................................................................... 18-93

STARt <n> ............................................................... 18-93

Configure memory sweep ................................................ 18-93

SAVE <NRf> ........................................................... 18-94

POINts <NRf> ......................................................... 18-95

STARt <NRf> .......................................................... 18-95

RECall <NRf> .......................................................... 18-96

Set scaling factor ............................................................. 18-96

TRIGgered:SFACtor <n> ......................................... 18-96

TRIGgered:SFACtor:STATe <b> ............................. 18-96

Sweep and list program examples ................................... 18-96

Linear voltage sweep ................................................ 18-96

Voltage list ................................................................ 18-97

Logarithmic current sweep ....................................... 18-97

Current list ................................................................ 18-98

Soak time ......................................................................... 18-99

SOAK <NRf> ........................................................... 18-99

Pulse Mode delays (Model 2430 only) ........................... 18-99

WIDth <n> ............................................................... 18-99

DELay <n> ............................................................. 18-100

SOURce2 ....................................................................... 18-100

Setting digital output ..................................................... 18-100

[:LEVel] <NRf> | <NDN> ..................................... 18-100

MODE <name> ...................................................... 18-101

BSTate <b> ............................................................. 18-102

BSIZe <n> .............................................................. 18-102

Clearing digital output ................................................... 18-102

[:IMMediate] .......................................................... 18-102

AUTO <b> ............................................................. 18-103

DELay <n> ............................................................. 18-103

STATus subsystem ................................................................ 18-104

Read event registers ....................................................... 18-104

[:EVENt]? .............................................................. 18-104

Program event enable registers ...................................... 18-104

ENABle <NDN> or <NRf> ................................... 18-104

Read condition registers ................................................ 18-104

CONDition? ........................................................... 18-104

Select default conditions ............................................... 18-105

PRESet ................................................................... 18-105

Error queue .................................................................... 18-105

[:NEXT]? ............................................................... 18-105

CLEar ..................................................................... 18-105

ENABle <list> ....................................................... 18-105

DISable <list> ........................................................ 18-106

SYSTem subsystem .............................................................. 18-106

Default conditions ......................................................... 18-106

PRESet ................................................................... 18-106

POSetup ................................................................. 18-106

Control remote sensing ................................................. 18-107

RSENse <b> .......................................................... 18-107

Select guard mode ......................................................... 18-108

GUARd <name> .................................................... 18-108

Initialize memory .......................................................... 18-108

INITialize ............................................................... 18-108

Control beeper ............................................................... 18-109

[:IMMediate] <freq, time> ................................... 18-109

STATe <b> ............................................................. 18-109

Control auto zero ........................................................... 18-110

STATe <name> ...................................................... 18-110

Control NPLC caching .................................................. 18-110

CACHing ............................................................... 18-110

Select power line frequency setting .............................. 18-111

LFRequency <freq> ............................................... 18-111

AUTO <b> ............................................................. 18-111

Error queue .................................................................... 18-112

[:NEXT]? ............................................................... 18-112

ALL? ...................................................................... 18-112

COUNt? ................................................................. 18-112

CODE[:NEXT]? .................................................... 18-112

CODE:ALL? .......................................................... 18-112

CLEar ..................................................................... 18-112

Simulate key presses ..................................................... 18-113

KEY ....................................................................... 18-113

Read version of SCPI standard ..................................... 18-115

VERSion? .............................................................. 18-115

RS-232 interface ........................................................... 18-115

LOCal .................................................................... 18-115

RWLock <b> ......................................................... 18-115

Query timestamp ........................................................... 18-116

TIME? .................................................................... 18-116

Reset timestamp ............................................................ 18-116

RESet ..................................................................... 18-116

Auto reset timestamp .................................................... 18-116

RESet:AUTO <b> .................................................. 18-116

Auto range change mode ............................................... 18-117

RCMode <name> ................................................... 18-117

TRACe subsystem ................................................................ 18-117

Read and clear buffer ..................................................... 18-117

DATA? .................................................................... 18-117

CLEar ..................................................................... 18-118

Configure and control buffer ......................................... 18-118

FREE? .................................................................... 18-118

POINts <n> ............................................................ 18-118

ACTual? ................................................................. 18-118

FEED <name> ........................................................ 18-119

CONTrol <name> .................................................. 18-119

Select timestamp format ................................................ 18-119

FORMat <name> ................................................... 18-119

TRIGger subsystem .............................................................. 18-120

Clear input triggers ........................................................ 18-120

CLEar ..................................................................... 18-120

Initiate source/measure cycle ........................................ 18-120

INITiate .................................................................. 18-120

Abort source/measure cycle .......................................... 18-121

ABORt ................................................................... 18-121

Program trigger model .................................................. 18-121

COUNt <n> ............................................................ 18-121

DELay <n> ............................................................. 18-122

SOURce <name> ................................................... 18-123

TIMer <n> .............................................................. 18-124

DIRection <name> ................................................. 18-124

INPut <event list> .................................................. 18-124

ILINe <NRf> .......................................................... 18-125

OLINe <NRf> ........................................................ 18-125

OUTPut <event list> .............................................. 18-126

A Specifications

B Status and Error Messages

Introduction ............................................................................... B-2

Status and error messages .......................................................... B-2

Eliminating common SCPI errors ............................................. B-8

-113, “Undefined header” ........................................... B-8

-410, “Query INTERRUPTED” .................................. B-8

-420, “Query UNTERMINATED” .............................. B-9

C Data Flow

Introduction ............................................................................... C-2

FETCh? .............................................................................. C-3

CALCulate[1]:DATA? ....................................................... C-4

CALCulate2:DATA? .......................................................... C-4

TRACe:DATA? .................................................................. C-4

CALCulate3:DATA? .......................................................... C-4

D IEEE-488 Bus Overview

Introduction ............................................................................... D-2

Bus description .......................................................................... D-3

Bus lines .................................................................................... D-5

Data lines ........................................................................... D-5

Bus management lines ....................................................... D-5

Handshake lines ................................................................. D-5

Bus commands .......................................................................... D-7

Uniline commands ............................................................. D-8

Universal multiline commands .......................................... D-8

Addressed multiline commands ......................................... D-9

Address commands ............................................................ D-9

Unaddress commands ........................................................ D-9

Common commands ........................................................ D-10

SCPI commands ............................................................... D-10

Command codes ............................................................... D-10

Typical command sequences ............................................ D-12

IEEE command groups .................................................... D-13

Interface function codes .......................................................... D-14

E IEEE-488 and SCPI Conformance Information

Introduction ................................................................................ E-2

F Contact Check Function

Introduction ................................................................................ F-2

Overview .................................................................................... F-2

Description .......................................................................... F-2

Block diagram ..................................................................... F-3

Operation .................................................................................... F-4

DUT connections ................................................................ F-4

Contact check threshold resistances .................................... F-5

Contact check failure indications ........................................ F-5

Auto and manual ohms ....................................................... F-5

Trigger model operation ...................................................... F-6

Sweep and binning considerations ............................................. F-6

Sweep limitations ............................................................... F-6

Staircase and custom sweeps ...................................... F-6

Source memory sweeps ............................................... F-6

Limit test sequence ............................................................. F-7

Binning failure indications (grading mode) ..................... F-10

Auto clear on, end binning ........................................ F-10

Auto clear on, immediate binning ............................. F-10

Auto clear off, end binning ....................................... F-10

Auto clear off, immediate binning ............................ F-11

Front panel contact check operation ........................................ F-11

Menu selections ................................................................ F-11

Using contact check ......................................................... F-12

Using event detection with contact check ................. F-13

Using pass/fail with contact check ............................ F-13

Remote contact check operation .............................................. F-14

Contact check remote commands ..................................... F-14

Contact check programming example .............................. F-16

Contact check command reference .......................................... F-17

Configure and control contact check ................................ F-17

CCHeck <b> ............................................................. F-17

RESistance <NRf> .................................................... F-17

Configure and control contact check limit test ................. F-17

STATe <b> ................................................................. F-17

FAIL? ........................................................................ F-18

SOURce2 <NRf> |<NDN> ....................................... F-18

Configure and control contact check event detection ....... F-19

SOURce <name> ...................................................... F-19

TOUT <NRf> ............................................................ F-20

Contact check defaults ............................................................. F-20

G GPIB 488.1 Protocol

Introduction ............................................................................... G-2

Selecting the 488.1 protocol ...................................................... G-2

Protocol differences ................................................................... G-3

Message exchange protocol (MEP) .................................... G-3

Using SCPI-based programs .............................................. G-3

NRFD hold-off ................................................................... G-4

NDAC hold-off ................................................................... G-4

Trigger-on-talk ................................................................... G-5

Message available ............................................................... G-5

General operation notes ...................................................... G-5

GPIB reading speed comparisons .............................................. G-6

Sweep operation ................................................................. G-6

Single-shot operation .......................................................... G-8

List of Illustrations

1 Getting Started

Figure 1-1 SourceMeter front panel ........................................................ 1-7

Figure 1-2 SourceMeter rear panel .......................................................... 1-9

Figure 1-3 Main menu tree .................................................................... 1-23

2 Connections

Figure 2-1 Terminal voltage differentials (rear panel) ............................. 2-4

Figure 2-2 Two-wire connections (local sense) ....................................... 2-5

Figure 2-3 Four-wire connections (remote sense) ................................... 2-6

Figure 2-4 High-impedance guarding (cable guard) ............................... 2-8

Figure 2-5 Guarded ohms measurements (ohms guard) ........................ 2-10

3 Basic Source-Measure Operation

Figure 3-1 Fundamental source measure configuration .......................... 3-8

4 Ohms Measurements

Figure 4-1 Ohms configuration menu tree ............................................... 4-2

Figure 4-2 2-wire resistance sensing ....................................................... 4-7

Figure 4-3 4-wire resistance sensing ....................................................... 4-8

5 Pulse Mode Operation (Model 2430 only)

Figure 5-1 Pulse period ........................................................................... 5-2

Figure 5-2 Pulse-measure timing ............................................................. 5-3

Figure 5-3 Pulse-measure timing (auto zero off) ..................................... 5-7

Figure 5-4 Pulse-only timing ................................................................... 5-8

6 Source-Measure Concepts

Figure 6-1 Source-delay-measure (SDM) cycle .................................... 6-10

Figure 6-2 Simplified trigger model ...................................................... 6-11

Figure 6-3 Three basic sweep waveform types ..................................... 6-13

Figure 6-4 Model 2400 operating boundaries (Tamb ≤30°C) ............... 6-15

Figure 6-5 Model 2410 operating boundaries (Tamb ≤30°C) ............... 6-16

Figure 6-6 Model 2420 operating boundaries (Tamb ≤30°C) ............... 6-17

Figure 6-7 Model 2425/2430 operating boundaries (Tamb ≤30°C) ...... 6-19

Figure 6-8 Model 2440 operating boundaries (Tamb ≤30°C) ............... 6-20

Figure 6-9 I-Source output characteristics ............................................. 6-22

Figure 6-10 I-Source limit lines ............................................................... 6-23

Figure 6-11 I-Source operating examples ............................................... 6-25

Figure 6-12 V-Source output characteristics ........................................... 6-27

Figure 6-13 V-Source limit lines .............................................................. 6-28

Figure 6-14 V-Source operating examples ............................................... 6-29

Figure 6-15 Source I ................................................................................ 6-31

Figure 6-16 Source V ............................................................................... 6-32

Figure 6-17 Measure only (V or I) ........................................................... 6-33

Figure 6-18 High-impedance measurements ........................................... 6-36

Figure 6-19 In-circuit ohms measurements ............................................. 6-37

Figure 6-20 In-circuit ohms measurements using guard sense ................ 6-39

Figure 6-21 Data flow front panel ............................................................ 6-41

7 Range, Digits, Speed, and Filters

Figure 7-1 Speed configuration menu tree ............................................... 7-8

Figure 7-2 Moving average and repeating filters ................................... 7-11

Figure 7-3 Filter configuration menu tree .............................................. 7-12

8 Relative and Math

Figure 8-1 Math configuration menu tree ................................................ 8-7

Figure 8-2 Connections for voltage coefficient tests ................................ 8-9

10 Sweep Operation

Figure 10-1 Linear staircase sweep .......................................................... 10-3

Figure 10-2 Logarithmic staircase sweep

(example 5-point sweep from 1 to 10 volts) ........................10-4

Figure 10-3 Custom pulse sweep ............................................................. 10-6

Figure 10-4 Custom sweep with different pulse durations ...................... 10-6

Figure 10-5 Six-point test branching example ....................................... 10-10

Figure 10-6 Typical diode I-V curve and test points (not to scale) ........ 10-12

Figure 10-7 Sweep configuration menu tree .......................................... 10-15

Figure 10-8 Connections for diode I-V tests .......................................... 10-23

Figure 10-9 Diode I-V curve .................................................................. 10-23

Figure 10-10 Pulse Mode linear staircase sweep ..................................... 10-32

11 Triggering

Figure 11-1 Front panel trigger model ..................................................... 11-3

Figure 11-2 Trigger configuration menu tree ......................................... 11-10

Figure 11-3 Remote trigger model ......................................................... 11-12

Figure 11-4 Measure action ................................................................... 11-15

Figure 11-5 Rear panel pinout ............................................................... 11-19

Figure 11-6 Trigger link input pulse specifications ............................... 11-19

Figure 11-7 Trigger link output pulse specifications ............................. 11-20

Figure 11-8 Trigger model for front panel trigger example ................... 11-22

Figure 11-9 DUT test system ................................................................. 11-23

Figure 11-10 Trigger link connections ..................................................... 11-24