General 1650-B User Manual

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

TVPE

IMPEDANCE

1650-B

BRIDGE

GENERAL

A

RADIO

COMPANY

I

NSTR

UCT

ION

MANUAL

TVPE

IMPEDANCE

165D-B

Form

BRIDGE

165G-012G-A

10-0100

April,1968

GENERAL RADIO

West

Copyright

Con

1968,

co

rd,

M

General

assach

Radio

u

setts

Company

Specifications

RANGESOFMEASUREMENT

Capacitance

1pFto

1100

/-IF,

parallel,7ranges

Inductance

1

/-lHto1100H,series

parallel,7ranges

Resistance

acordc,
7

ranges

Conductance

acordc,1nanomhoto1.1
mhos,7ranges

Oissipation

0.001to1ofseries

0.1to50ofparallel

Storage

Factor,Q,at1kHz,

0.02to10ofseries
1to1000ofparallel

t Bridge operates

GENERAL
Generator:

recommendedifexternal
ply,6V,60mA,
Detector:
selectiveat1
Tuned
detectorisrequired.
tectorisavailableasthe

DC
dc

Power

Internal;1kHz

Internalorexternal;

Amplifier

Polarization:

power

supply

Required:

series

1 mOto1.1 MO,

Factor,D,at1kHz,

upto100

max.

kHz;

sensitivity

and

Null

Combinationof1311

Capacitors
for

series

4 size-D

cells,

20Hzto

20

or

or

C,

C.

L,

L.

kHz

with reduced accuracy.

±2%.

generatorisrequired.

Type

capacitance

Type

internal

control

Detectorisrecommendedifexternal

1240

Bridge

canbebiasedto600Vfrom

measurements.

supplied.

±1%±1pF

±1%

±1%±1mO

±1%±1nanomho

±5%

1

kHz

1

Q

accurate

±5%

1

kHzorlower

1310or1311

Internaldcsup-

detector

response

provided.

oscillator

Oscillator-Detector.

±1

±0.001

and

±0.001

Type

and

/-lH

lower

Oscillator

flat

1232-A

1232

external

kHzt

to

ACCURACY

DC

±1%,1 0to100
detector
<10.

±l%,

10

ext

supplyordetector

<10

micromhos.

at

at

de-

Accessories
precisionatextremesofbridge

Accessories
Mounting:

or

Dimensions
(330

105

mm).

Net

Weight

Shipping

Patent

Required:

Available:

Flip-Tilt

(widthxheightxdepth):

x 175 x

Nos

315

(est):

Weight

D187,740

required

micromhos

None.

Type

Cabinet.

mm):

Portable,

(est):

Portable,

and

kO,

ext

>100

to

required

Earphones
ranges.

1650-P1

rack,

19 x 121/4x41,/.

17 Ib (8 kg);

21 Ib

2,966,257.

supply

kO

1

mho,

Test

or

and

Jig.

Portable,

rack,

(10

kg);

canbeused

Residuals

=0.5

= 0.2

= 1 mO

13 x

63/4

in.

(485x315

18 Ib (B.5 kg).

rack,

30 Ib (13.5 kg).

pF

/-lH

for

x 121/4

high

in.

x

Condensed

A step-by-step procedure for the 1650-B Bridge operation

is

giveninthe operations

ience,

the

chart

flip-tilt cabinetofthe

NOTE:

convenience

This

instrumentisequipped

and

safety.

Operating

Instructions

chartinSection2.For your conven-

has been reproduced and included inside

instrument.

with

our

new

Refer

snap-on

to

the

Service

Section

knob

for

the

for

details.

added

Contents

Section

l-Introduction

Description.

1.1

1.2

Opening and

Tilting

1.3 Power Supply .

1.4

Symbols, Abbreviations, and Definitions

1.5

Series

and

Parallel Components

1.6

Portable-to-Rack Conversion

1.7 Connections

Section

2-Basic

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

Measurements

General
DC

and AC Sensitivity

DC

Voltage and Current Limits

of

Connection

External Generator
Maximum Applied AC Voltage
Operating Procedure

Section 3-Special Measurements

General

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

Application
Application
DC

Bias

ofDCBiastoCapacitors
ofDCto

for

AC Resistance Measurements.

3.5 MeasurementofAC Resistance or
Conductance

3.6

Measurement

3.7

Resonant Frequency

3.8

Shielded Three-Terminal

with

of

Transducers .

3.9 Remote Measurements .

3.10

Measurement

3.11

Useofthe Type 1650-P1 Test Jig

3.12

Limit

Testing

of

Grounded Components

the

Cabinet.

with

Orthonull

Inductors

Reactance

of

Tuned Circuits

Components.

Section

1-1

1-1
1-1

4-Accuracy

4.1 General

4.2

DC

Resistance.

AC Resistance.

4.3
1-2 4.4 Inductance .
1-2 4.5
1-3 4.6
1-4 4.7

2-1
2-4
2-4
2-6
2-6

Section 5-Principles

2-7

Capacitance
Effects
D
Orthonull Accuracy .

4.8

D

4.9

of

and

Q Accuracy

andQRangesvsFrequency

4.10 Corrections

4.11 Operation below 1kHz

4.12 Operation above 1kHz

of

General

5.1

5.2 1650 Bridge

3-1
3-1
3-2
3-4

3-5
3-5
3-6
3-6

Section

6-Service

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4 Trouble

and Maintenance

Warranty
Service
Minimum

Analysis.

6.5 Repair Notes

Cal

6.6

6.7

6.8

ibration Procedure

Knob Removal

Knob Installation
3-6
3-7

Parts Lists and Diagrams
3-7
3-7

Appendix

CapacitancetoGround

for

Residuals

Operation

Performance Standards

~1

~1

~1

~2

~2

~2

~3

~3

4-5

~o

~5

~5

5-1
5-5

6-1
6-1
6-1
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-8
6-8

6-10

BIAS

jack.

Voltage bias for capacitors: Apply bias
Csposition.
resistor as a
Current bias for inductors: Apply bias only if PARAMETER switch
Lpposition. For

OPP ARM jack.
Connect external

decade capacitor
for reactive bal­ance

of

For

Cp, refertoSection 2. Max voltageis600

current

limitertoprevent

ls,

refertoSection 2.

Internal OSCillator LEVEL control.

resistors.

only

if PARAMETER switchisin

short

circuit.

V dc. Add a

is

in

GENERATOR switch.

Turns

bridge on, selects internalorexternal

generator, acordc, checks battery.

UNKNOWN terminals.

MULTIPLIER switch.
Multiply CGRL dial setting

switch range

CGRL dial.
Main balance

accuracy, choose MULTIPLIER set­ting for balance between 1 and 10.

for

result.

control.

by

For greatest

Ground.

DETector jack.
Useful

to
external amplifier
or earphones for
additional sensiti­vityorselectivity.

EXTernal GENerator jack.

Max

power: 0.05

Max

voltage:

whicheverissmaller.

Frequency range

connect

W.

500

V dc;

for

LandC:20Hzto20kHz.

EXTernal DO jack.
Useful for extending DO range with

a decade box.

or

!..

V ac rms where fisin

5

Figure

Hz,or100

1 -1.Type

V ac rms,

1650-B

Impedance

ORTHONULLI'li switch.
When set
two

balance

measurements. SwitchtoIN

and DO dials are

to

main dials, false nulls are avoided and

IN, clutch engaged between

is

faster for high D

Bridge.

and

low 0

bothinwhite sectors.

when CGRL

Section

1.1

DESCRIPTION.

The

I6S0-B

self-contained
cludes
resistance,
the
I-kHz
one-percent
highDandQaccuracy,amechanism

Q

CGRL
plete
and
the
sector.
beyond

coverofthe

adaptor

1.2

six

bridges

generators

measurements.

measurement,

dial,

portability,

carrying

CGRL

In

Extra

the

the

panel

dial

I-in.

OPENING

Impedance

impedance-measuring

for

the

measurementofcapacitance,

conductance,

and

C,G,R,

a

visual

andaconvenient

case.

slowly

torque

sector.
relay-rack
Type

I6S0-B

(paragraph

AND

and

detectors

Features

andLaccuracy

slow-motion

ac

and

The

slow-motion

and

mustbeapplied

mode1(F

is

1.6).

TILTING THE CABINET.

Bridge

inductance,

necessary

of

dc

null

effortlessly

igure

replaced

(Figure

system,

this

over
to

mechanism

indications,

tilting

mechanism

to

1-2),

witharelay-rack

1-1)isa

which

as

well

for

dc

bridge

include

all

ranges,

facilitate

mechanism

aboutaI-in.
move

the

the

captive

on

1-1

in-

as

and

low

the

com-

turns

dial

ntroduction

1.3

POWER

which
These

be

installed
facing
tected

shipmentbyan
and

the

a.

locked

b.
c.
d.

remove

e.

f.

g.

The

instrument

isinthe

SUPPLY.

The

Type

I6S0-B

slide

intoafiber

batteries,

the

open

from

lastce11.Toremove

Open

position.
Remove
Lift
Follow

the

Place

Replace
Replace

desired

with

leakage

the

the

instrument

the

disk.

the

supplied

the

positive

endofthe

and

insulating

instrument

the

two

directions

battery

the

instrumentinits

the

two

is

now

position

is

powered

tube

inside

with

the

instrument,

terminals

tube.

The

accidental

disk

inserted

the

disk,

proceedasfollows:

cabinet

cabinet

from

tube

backinits

cabinet

readytooperate

and

its

on

the

screws.

turned

and

screws

cabineL

cabinet.

by

four D

the

(center
batteries
discharge

between

placeitin

(Figure

battery

holder.

as

on.

cells,

instrument.

should

buttons)

are

pro-

during

the

cap

1-4).

cube,

and

soon

as

the

it

The
pedance
instrument.
to

any

convenient

to

give

the

best

The
same

slide
closed.
open

position

Whether
cover

forms a
tion

manual

kept

with

directions

Bridge

the

viewofthe

the

are

Once

most

instrument

pins

Thus,

with

the

convenient

and

instrument.

for

given

open,

angle.

comfortable

meter

maybelocked

that

are

the

instrument

the

cover

instrument

for

any

other

opening

on

the

The

and

used

storage

the

the

handle

instrument

angle

access

dials.

to

can

firmlyinplace.

is

open
place

test

Type

I6S0-B Im-

supportofthe

maybetilted

shouldbechosen

to

the

knobs

fully

openbythe

lock

the

instrument

be

carried

or

closed,

for

the

instruc-

data

that

should

and

in

the

the

be

Figure 1 - 2. Type 1650-B Impedance Bridge in rack panel.

INTRODUCTION

1-1

1.4

nitions
in

this

SYMBOLS,

The

following

are

used

instruction

ABBREVIATIONS,

symbols,

on

the

manual:

abbreviations,

panelofthe

AND

DEFINITIONS.

Type

and

1650-B

defi-

and

D

dissipation

factor

1

G

B

cot

e tan 8

Q

C

capacitance
external

bridge

paralle1c<ipacitance

series

standard

unknown

conductance

unknown
inductance

bridge

paralle

series

unknown

resistance

ratio

arm

(

----iE---

decade

residual

capacitance

capacitor

capacitance

(

-.JWV-

conductance

(

...rvYV"\-.

residual

lind

uctance

inductance

inductance

(

~),

resistance

capacitor

capacitance

(0.1

inductance

)

fJF)

),

the

inverseofresistance

)

the

real

partofan

impedance

PF

f

w

kD

M

MD

flF

mD
nF

pF

H

mH

R

power

factor

frequency
angular

ohm,

a

pedance
kilohm,1kD=1000

multiplying

quencies
megohm,1MD
microfarad,aunitofcapacitance

milliohm,
(or

mflF)

ImflF

(or

flflF)

1

flflF

henry,aunitofinductance

millihenry,
microhenry,

ground,

=-

frequency,

unit

factor

other

ImD = 1 x
nanofarad

=1 x

10-3flF

picofarad

=1 x

10-6flF

ImH

1

case

(chassis)

Z

of

resistance,

than

=1 x

= 1 x

J1H

=1 x

277

R

=

f

ohms

applied

toDandQat

1 kHz

106ohms

3

10-

ohm

(or

millimicrofarad),

(or

micromicrofarad),

3

10-

H

10-6H

reactance,

cos

or

e

Im-

fre-

InF

IpF

standard

CGRL

bridge

parallel

series

DQ

unknown

series

impedance

Z

Q

impedance

quality

for

10

rheostat

residual

resistance

resistance

rheostat

resistance

reactance,

factor

inductors

kD

resistor

resistance

resistance

resistance

the

X

=-=-

R

wL

S

R

S

imaginary

B

G

R

p

or

wL

p

parrofan

1

D

tan

1.5

SERIES

An

a

pure

frequency

of

resistance

will

mind

bridge

llsed

in
series
lent

circuits

for

series-parallel

Appendix.

impedance

resistance

by

be

results.

the

or a

parallel

AND

PARALLEL

thatisneitherapure

mayberepresented

eitheraseries

and

reactance.

invaluable

The

valuesofresistance

equivalent

combination

are

shown

conversion

COMPONENTS.

oraparallel

Keeping

for

properly

circuit

in

Figure

at

reactance

at

any

combination

this

concept

interpreting

and
depend
is

1 kHzisgiveninthe

on

used.

1-3..A

whether

The

nomograph

nor

specific

the

reactance

equiva-

in

a

lcs

Ls

L

cot

e

;)

R

s

Figure

p

1 -3.Equivalent

Rp

circuits

IRS

for

complex

Cp

impedance.

Rp

INTRODUCTION

1-2

are

Q a

The

tabulated

relationships

below.

They

between

are

easily

RESISTANCE AND INDUCTANCE

jWLpR

p

R

+ jWL

p

1

__

=

o

=~

WL

p

the

p

circuit

derived.

elements

10-32

SCREWS

CAl

R

s

R

s

Z

=-

0

C

s

Q2

L

+ Q2

1

1

+ Q2

L

Q2

1

Rp;

+ Q2

1

WL

s

----.

- ,

Q

R

RESISTANCE AND

1

+--

R

s

jwC

s

1

Q

wRsC

2

(l

+ 0

) Cp;

1

----L

p

1 + 0

p

2

s

(l

R

p

=

QWL

p

---

jC£p

+---

R

p

+ Q2) R

p

CAPACITANCE

R

p

1

jC£p

s

02R

(B)

r

SCREWS

LEAD
SET

---------~--

1

+--

P

jC£p

2

+ 0

1

1

s

C

p

WRpC

1

p

1

+ 0

FLAT WASHER(M)

C

s

2

PLATE(L)

(J

I

(K~

2

R

s

1.6

Bridge
a

rack-mounted

cal

(PIN

0

+ D2

1

PORT

ABLE-TO-RACK

The

following

can

be

and

electrical

1650-3350)

To

mount

prQceedasfollows

a.

Open

the

(full

open)

and

2

1

Rp;

R

p

+ D

=

2

0

1

CONVERSION.

procedureisgivensothat
converted
assembly.

mustbeordered

the

instrument

lock

from a

To

changeover,

instrument

(Figure

the

1-4):

handle.

portable

accomplish

a

from

in a

to

its

R

s

assembly

the

Rack

Adaptor

General

rack

adaptor

horizontal

a 1650-B

mechani-

Set

Radio.

panel,

position

~

HANDLES

16508-12

-------------

FLAT WASHER

/

to

LOCK

o

./

~

16508·12

Figure

1- 4.

Rack

mounting

the

1650.8.

INTRODUCTION

(Gl

WASHER (01

/NUT(Pl

1-3

b.

washers

screws

side)

c.

to

one

d.

pivot

e.

Remove

just

Lift

side.

From

screws.

Lift

that

are

hold

on

above

the

the

the

the

No.

the

instrumentinthe

the

sides

the

handle

instrument

inside

cabinet

10-32

outofthe

of

the

off

the

bly.

f.

In

place

of

the

pivot

inch

screws

and

nut

g.

(the

foot

h.

grommet

1.

j.

the

instrument

Remove

(B)

(H)oneach

Remove

farthest

(PIN

4110-0500).

Set

the

cabinettoone

Remove

supplied.

the

from

the

the

by

screw

eyelet

the

rubber

battery

following

and

from
side
foot

tube.

k.

Twist

the
unconnected
net

from

the

1.

Solder

0280)toS103,

leadtoS102,

m.

Install

tighten

the

the

n.

rack

panel.

the

Loosen

panel

two

lead-set

ends

through

outsidetothe

the

white

204R

204R.

the

instrumentinits

No.

10-32

nutKon

and

slide

Tighten

leads

the

ins

leadofthe

(Figure

screws

both

plateLtoward

nutKslightly

slide.

o.

Putalarge

screws

(face
sideupas

being
the

nut

the

the

ber

between

on

each

p.

Set

the

upward).

you

q.

Lower

sure

that

right-hand

r.

Installaflat

(P)onscrewsBoutsideofbracket

s.

Raise

the

instrument

t.

Tighten

adaptor

u.

gasket

v.

Loosen

Snap

the

handles.

(Figure

the

insulators

flatwasher

sideofthe

backofthe

Turn

the

look

at

the

adaptor

the

battery

side.

washer

adaptor

panel

and

nutsPand

nutsKand

1-5).

battery

instrument.

instrument

instrument

it.

panel

Brackets

panel
rubber

turn

slide

Tighten

tube

on

the

screws

of

the

(A)

instrument

pivot.

cabinet

cabinet,

handle-and-cover

screws,

Place

insert

the

secure.

foot

2 m

cutout).

and

install

side.

tube

(PIN

the

instructions

together

grommet

ide.

lead

6-9).

Solder

cabinet.

(A)

removedinstep

sides

of

so

(E)

over

onaflat

so

over

mounting

F

go

(G),

lock

up

untilitis

gasket.

the

instrument

platesLover

nuts

and

batteries

rack

panel

with

cabinet.

and

remove

the

lockwasher

the

the

1650-1261)

and

(2)

in

set

(PIN

the

Install

the

opening

the

outside

thatLwon't

the

projecting

thatitis

the

instrument

brackets

over

screws

washer

F.

flush

over

K.

into

(Figure

resilient

These

(one

set

the

assem-

two

cabinet

supplied

on

feed

the

cabi-

1650-

black

surface

right

are

(0)

the

place
1-6).

per

two

(C)

from

the

the

and

in

on

B.

and

with

onto

rub-

b.

of

%-

PANEl..

it

CABINET

p

-~

16508-11

Figure

BATTERY

INSULATOR

(1650-1230)

1 -5.Detail

view

of

1650-

panel

LEAD

mounting.

SET

0280

GROMMET

INSERT
BATTERIES
FROM

THIS

END

BATTERY

TUBE

(1650-1261)

1.7 CONNECTIONS.

The

UNKNOWN
spaced
ard

INTRODUCTION

binding

telephone

posts

tips,

1-4

terminals

that

accept

alligator

are

clips,

standard

banana

crocodile

plugs,

%-inch-

stand-

clips,

BATTERY_

INSULATOR

(1650-1231)

Figure

1 -6.Battery

mounting

for

rock-mounted

1650·B

Bridge.

TABLE

1 - 1

Panel

Connectors

c:=Cdl;;;;;;;;;=,=c

=~

AVAILABLE

+---

+-+-

+---

f----'274-LMR

PATCH CORDS

TYPE

NO.

274-NQ
274-NQM

274-NQS

274-NP
274-NPM
274-NPS

274-NL
274-NLM

274-NLS

l74-LLB
274-LLR
274-LMB

274-LSB

274-LSR

Double-plug
Double-plug
Double-plug

Double-plug
Double-plug
Double-plug

Shielded
Shielded
Shielded

Single-plug
Single-plug
Single-plug
Single-plug
Single-plug
Single-plug

NOTE:

ically

be

plugged

AND

GR874

sexless;

together.

patch
patch
patch

patch
patch
patch

double-plug
double-plug
double-plug

patch
patch
patch
patch
patch
patch

ADAPTORS

connectors

Le.,

any

two,

DESCRIPTION

cord,

in-line

cord,

in-line

cord,

in-line

cord,

right-angle

cord,

right-angle

cord,

right-angle

patch
patch
patch

cord,

black,

cord,

red,

cord,

black,

cord,

red,

cord,

black,

cord,

red,

ore50D ond

although

cord,
cord,
cord,

cord,

36"

cord,

24"

cord,

12"

36"

36"

long

24"

24"

long

12"

12"

long

identical,

cord,
cord,
cord,

long
long

long

long
long

long

ore

36"
24"

12"

mechon-

can

long
long
long

36"
24"
12"

long
long
long

CATALOG

0274-9860
0274-9896
0274-9861

0274-9880
0274-9892
0274-9852

0274-9883
0274-9882
0274-9862

0274-9468
0274-9492
0274-9847

0274-9848
0274-9849
0274-9850

NO.

t--

f----r-

.~-----------"--

+----7- 776 -A

~776-B

+----7-

874-R34

874-R33

274-QI3J

776-C

Ad3fltor

Coaxial

Coaxial

Adaptor,

Patch

Patch

Patch

cable,

patch

patch

shielded

cord,

cord,

cord,

double-plugtotelephone

cord,

double

plugtoGR874,

cord,

two

plugstoGR874,

double

plugtoBNC

shielded

GR874toBNC

BNCtoBNC

double

plugtoBNC

plug,

36"

36"

36"

long

long

long

1560-9695

0874-9692

0874-9690

0274-9884

0776 -9701

0776 -9702

0776 -9703

INTRODUCTION

1-5

spade

terminals

(F~ure

1-7).

The
two-terminal
No.

440.
The

a

single

or 2

banana

(PIN

and

EXT

DQ,

telephone

EXT

GEN,

plug

0274-9454

Standard

telephone tip

all

DET,

plug

G, and
such
or

wire

size

uptonumber

eleven

jacks
274-MB

and

BIAS

jacks

accept

such

as

the

Switchcraft

OPP

ARM

jacks

as

the

GR

Type

274-DBI

9455,

respectively).

Banana plug ­stabilized

Shoulder

PI
binding post body alligator clip

assuring contact even .
when nut

by

ug

enters Slender

is

loose. I s

i

Figure

1 -7.Methodsofconnection

a

accept

be

opp

necting

interconnections.

These

~

binding post only. 0

Table

I

4 posts.

to

the

are

Insulated

used

between

ARM

General

cables

1-1.

It

.

'd

InSI

e lac top

of

all binding

meosurement

spaced

%-inchoncenters

Double

the

EXT

andGterminals.

Radio

also

that

can

Some of

~I

Spade
with l4" throat all wire sizes

. k

will clamp
under nut.

terminals.

so

that

a GR

Plug

(PIN

0274-9875)

GEN

andGterminalsorthe

makesavarietyofintercon-

be

used

in

various

these

cables

terminal'

~

~

are

Clamps

up to

No.

without cutting.

11

shown

Type

can

system

in

INTRODUCTION

1-6

2.1

GEN

ERAL.

Figure

in

the

Type
balance
bridges
bridges
andQranges.

Q

and

highDvaluesisachieved

null@

balancing

and

dc

2-1

1650-B

equations.

and

series

are

usedtoprovide

Full

mechanism

measurements

SERIES

shows

Impedance

Hays

and

parallel

useofthese

may

LOW

(

o

CAPACITANCE

08

Section

the

six

bridge

Bridge,

and

Maxwell

capacitance

wide

coverage

wide

by

meansofan

(paragraph

be

made

with

C

s

D)

TO

I

RATIO

R

A

ARM

InTOIMol}

2-

circuits

as

wellasthe

inductance

comparison

over

ranges

5.4).
the

PARALLEL

Basic

used

the

D

at

low

Ortho-

Both

ac

bridge,

C

p

HIGH

(

01TO50

CAPACITANCE

Measurements

which

tion
schematics
the
bias,

as
Orthonull
basic
chart.

D)

hasamagnitude

The

next

needed

for

include

userinmaking

etc.

The

those

definedinSection

usage,

measurement

two

pages

making

all

special

symbols

detector

responsive

relevent

practice

RESISTANCE

concisely
basic

bridge

measurements

on

the

diagrams

1. A

sensitivity,

follows

R

detector.

state

the

measurements.

terminalstoaid

that

are

short

discussion

etc

relating

the

instruction

informa-

The

require

the

same

of

to

CONWCTANCE

R

/0TO/ MtI(/

R

N

"CGRL"

0-11

It

A

Figure

C 0

x

D 0

x

SERIES

Lx

08

2 -1.Bridge

R

N

RAC

__

1_:

OJRxC

L

LOW

(

.02

TO 10'

INDUCTANCE

circuits

r

_1_

OJRrC

x

S

r

0

'.

RATIO

ARM

InTOIMOI}

usedinimpedance

L

p

(Hj~~

0)

PARALLEL

R

A

bridge.

INDUCTANCE

16508-14

BASIC MEASUREMENTS 2-1

Type

1650-8

LOW 0(0TO

I)

01

"F

~"'"

'.

R,

lI.n

CGRL

R,

c)('~

0.'

pF

MULT

100

1

RAO

1M

a.

Turn

BAT

CHECK

pointer
replace
b.

Turn
EXTERNAL
1

kHz.

c.

Turn

d.

Connect

most

stray

the

LOW

10

lOOk

10k

GENERATOR

position.Ifthe

is

not

the

batteries.

GENERATOR

m AC

PARAMETER

the

capac

terminal
case.
e.

Turn

ORTHONULL@

OUT.

f.

Turn

OSC

The

panel

control
internal
g.

oscillator.

Turn DQ dia I
LOWDscale.
h.

Turn

CGRL

i.

Adjust

divisions

j.

Turn
minimum
k.

Alternately
dial,
null,

DET

deflection.

MULTIPLIER

meter

then

the

increasing

adjust,

DQ

needed.
L

ORTHONULL@

this

bridge

ing

times
ceeds
m.Ifthe
uncaIibrated

unless

f(kHz)

1.
DQ

portion,

shouldbemeasuredasCpo
n.

The

series
unknown
CGRL-dial

T I

PLIER-switch

ooThe D

DQ
p.

Turn

equaIsthe

equals

dial

timesf(kHz).

GENERATOR

reading

RHEOSTAT

R,

CT

wR.C.

wArC

r

nF

100

1k

in

the

switchtoAC

switchtoCs•
unknown
itance

and

LEVEL

affects

near

dial

near

SENS

reading.

first

dial

the

DET

is

not

the

DQ

approaches

dial

goes

the

capacitance

productofthe

and

setting.

the

reading

switchtoOFF.

BAT

0.05

for

for

I-'F

1

10

100

100

10

1

switch

meter

sector,

INTERNAL

so

that

is

between

the

1650-B

switch

clockwise.

only

on

the

1l.

about

switch

the

CGRL

the

best

SENS

used

dial

read-

or

into

the

unknown

of

the

MUL-

on

the

to

to

the

for

as

on

ex-

the

R

HIGH 0(0ITO50)

o

II'F

~w,,,

R.

R,

IIonCGRL

RHEOSTAT

CASE

e,,;'~CT

D)(·~'

...

RITCT

pF

MULT

100

RAO

1M

a.

Turn

BAT

CHECK

pointer
replace
b.

the

Turn

GENERATOR
EXTERNAL
1

kHz.

c.

Turn

PARAMETER

Large

electrolytics

sured

at

for

greater

d.

Connect

most

stray

the

LOW

case.

e.

Turn
OUT.
f.

Turn
The

paneIcontrol

internal

g.

Turn
HIGH D
h.

Turn

CGRL

i.

6

Adjust
divisions

j.

Turn
minimum
k.

Alternately
dial,

then

best

null,

SENSasneeded.

I.

ORTHONULL@

set

to

INifthe

times

lIf

ceeds

1.

m.

If

the

at

0.1,

the

sured

as

n.

The

parallel

unknown
CGRL-dial
TIPLIER-switch
o• .The D

DQ

dial

p.

Turn

nF

1

10

10k

100
lk

lOOk

GENERATOR

position.Ifthe

IS

notinthe

batteries.

m AC

should

a low

ORTHONULL@

OSC

oscillator.

DQ

scale.

MULTIPLIER
meter

Cs•

equaIsthe

times

GENERATOR

frequency

accuracy.

the

unknown

capacitance

terminal

LEVEL

dial

dial

DET

SENS

deflection.

reading.

adjust,

the

CGRL

increasing

(kHz)

approaches

DQ

dial

unknown

capacitance

reading

setting.

equaIsthe

lIf

and

affectsonIy

near

near

switch

DQ

reaches

shouIdbe

(kHz).

I-'F

1

10

100

100

10

1

switch

meter

BAT

sector,

switchtoAC

INTERNAL

switchtoCpo

be

mea-

(120

Hz)

so

that

is

between

the

1650-B

switch

clockwise.

the

0.2

on

the

11.

for

about

switch

first

the

dial

for

the

the

DET

should

dial

reading

or

ex-

the

stop

mea-

of

productofthe

and

the

MUL-

read

ing on

switch

OFF.

to

to

for

DQ

be

the

the

a.
b.
BAT

pointer
replace
c.
desired

LEVEL

6

internal
d.

OUT
e.
f.
about6divisions
g.
minimum
centerifmakingadc
Nullasusual
surement.

circuit.)
h.
null,
dc.
active
see

i.

CGRL-dial
the

j.

OFF.

o HIGH

loon +

R,

CGRL

Ilk

RHEOSTAT

EXT

DC

R,

AC

R,

UNKNOWN

R,

CGRL

lI.n

RHEOSTAT

1
10

Check
Turn

mechanical

GENERATOR

CHECK

is

notinthe

the

Turn

GENERATOR

generator

control

oscillator.

Turn

ORTHONULL@

and

PARAMETER

Turn

CGRL

Adjust

Turn

DET

MULTIPLIER

reading

(DQ

Adjust

CGRL

or

zero

If

ac

null

balance

instruct

The

unknown

MULTIPLIER

Turn

GENERATOR

6YOLTS

Ilt---~-----<>

R,

IOkn

"T

-=-

DC

;h

VOLTAGE

10k!}

,

R.

R,

°

LOW

°lOW

10
100

o

II'F

100
lk

zeroofmeter.

switchtothe

position.Ifthe

BAT

batteries.

switchtothe

source.

affects

The

only

switch

switchtoR.

dial

near

11.

SENS

control

deflection.

switch

to

the

measurement.

if makinganac

ion

rheostat

dial

the

is

may

manua

for

pointer

not

sharp,are-

be

I.

not in

necessary,

resistance

reading

multiplied

switch

switch

~~:

meter

sector,

OSC

left

mea-

best
if

using

is

setting.

the

to

for

for

of

the

ac

the

by

to

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

G

Q.

Check

b.

Turn
BAT
po

interisnot
replace
c.

Turn
desired
LEVEL

ternal

d.

Turn

OUT and

e.

Turn

f.

Adjust

RESISTANCE

mechan

GENERATOR

CHECK

the

batteries.

GENERATOR

generator

control

osci

lIator.
ORTHONULL@
PARAMETER

CGRL

DET

about6divisions
g.

Turn

MULTIPLIER

minimum
if making a
as
ment.
h.

null,orzero

If
balance

instruction

i.

CGRL-dial
the

j.

readingtothe

usual

if making

(DQ

rheostat

Adjust

ac

CGRL

null is not

may be

manual.

The

unknown

MULTIPLIER

Turn

GENERATOR

dc

the

reading

OFF.

(In

TO

IOOOtol!l)

icaIzeroofmeter.

switchtothe

position.Ifthe

in

the

BAT

switchtothe

source.

affects

The

only

switch

switch

diaInear

SENS

1l.
control

deflection.

switch

leftofcenter

measurement.

an

ac

measure-

notinthe

dial

for

circuit.)

best

pointerifusing

sharp,areactive

necessary,

conductance

multiplied

switch

setting.

switch

meter

sector,

OSC

the

in-

toG.

for

for

Null

ac

dc,

see

is

the

by

HIGH 0

(I-CD)

O'"~'O'"

".

mil

MUL

T 1

RAIl

o. Turn
BAT

CHECK.Ifthe

isn't

in

the

batteries.

b. Turn

GENERATOR
EXTERNAL
1

kHz.

be

measured

(10kHz)

c.

Turn

PARAMETER

d.

Connect

stray

capacitance

LOW

terminal

e.

Turn

OUT.

f.Turn

The

panel

internal

except

Iron

core

linear.

g.

Turn DQ

Q

scale.

h.

Turn

CGRL

i.

Adjust

divisions

j.

Turn

minimum meter

to

k.

Alternately

dials

DQ
first,

increasing
needed.NuII
er

as

near
meterasposs
be

possible

I. ORTHONULL@

ed

INifthe
f (kHz)
m.
tained

approachesoris

If

a

and

switchtoLp•

The

n.

series

unknown

CGRL-dial

PLIER-switch
o.

The

Q of

to

Q-dial
p.

reading

Turn

GENERATOR

10

100

BAT

100

lk

meter

sector,

switch

pointer

replace

10

GENERATOR

the

switchtoAC

m AC

Air

core

atahigh

to

getareasonab

INTERNAL

rf <:hokes

frequency

Ie Q.

switchtoLs.

unknown

and

the

so

is

that

between

1650-B

ORTHONULL@switch

OSC

LEVEL

control
oscillator.
for

nonlinear

inductors

dial

dial

DET

near

SENS for

affects

Use

are

4 on

near

clockwise.

only

full

unknowns.

often

the

1l.

about

deflection.

MULTIPLIER

switch

reading.

for

adjust

the

means
to

ib Ie.

to

best
the

the

Usua

center

the

null,

DET

bring

center

CGRL

the

lIy it

the

DQ

SENS

pointer.

shouldbeswitch-

DQ-dial

sharp

theQdial

equaIsthe

reading

reading

null

cannot

inductance

productofthe

and

less

is

the

than

be ob-

near

of

MUL

setting.

the

unknown

times

equals

f (kHz).

switch

should

most

the

case.

the

output

non-

LOW

for

and

dial

point-

of

the

won't

times

1.

10,

the

TI-

the

OFF.

as

o.

Turn

to

BAT

CHECK.Ifthe

isn't

in

the

batteries.

b.

Turn

GENERATOR

EXTERNAL

the

BAT

m AC INTERNAL

GENERATOR

switch

meter

pointer

sector,

replace

switchtoAC

to

1 kHz.
c.

Turn

d.

Connect
stray
LOW

e.

Turn

PARAMETER

unknown

capac

itonce

terminal

and

ORTHONULL@

switchtoLp•
so

that

is

between

the

1650-B

switch

most

the

case.

to

OUT.

to

f. Turn OSC
The

panel

internal

except

1ron

oscillator.
for

core

LEVEL

control

nonlinear

inductors

affects

Use

are

clockwise.

only

the

full

output
unknowns.
often

non-

linear.

g.

Turn DQ

scale.

Q
h. Turn

i.

Adjust

divisions

j.

6

Turn
minimum
k.

Alternately

dials

DQ

first,

needed.
pointerasneartothe

meteraspossible.

dial

CGRL

DET

deflection.
MULTIPLIER
meter

for

the

increasing

Null

near

5 on

dial

near

SENS for

reading.

adjust

the

best

the

DET

means

centerofthe

Usuallyitwon't

the

1l.

switch

CGRL

null,

SENS

bring

HIGH

about

CGRL

6

for

and

as

the

be possible to center the pointer.

is

not

used

DQ

be

Ls, or

of

MUL

on

dial

ob-

lossy

the

TI-

to

I. ORTHONULL@

this

bridge

read

ing

1 or

less.

m.Ifa
tained,
and

must

the

unknown is not

n.

The

unknown

CGRL-dial

PLiER-switch

o.

TheQof

dial

reading

p. Turn

unless

times

lIf

sharp

the

unknown

be

measured

parallel

equals

reading

setting.

the

times

GENERATOR

the

(kHz)

approaches

nuIIcannot

is

inductive.

inductance

the

productofthe

and

the

unknown

lIf

(kHz).

too

as

equaIsthe

switch

OFF.

2.2 DC AND

With

ances

may
upto100kn.
shouldbeused

tivity

limits

meter may be

by

pluggingitinto

AC

SENSITIVITY.

the

be

internal

easily

Above

6-volt

madeupto

100knahigher

(paragraph

the

accuracyto±lOmn. A more

placed

in

series

the BIAS

bridge.

A 100-.0

supply

The

limits

unknown

external

when

the

The
bridge by
no

danger

At

I-kHzacmeasurements

most

resistors,

I-kHz and dc

resistor

the

current

isinseries

dc,

so

that

CGRL

range

dialisat

maximum power

the

internal

of

injuring

extremes

the

values

in

the

supplyis0.09W;

components

to

difference

is

negligible.

TABLE

MAXIMUMDCBRIDGE VOLTAGE

AND CURRENT

supply,

3.2).

jack

series

in

the

with

unknown

zero.

that

it

is

often

increase

21

-

one-percent

10kn

and

with

Below

with

on the

with

external

In,

the

the

voltage

the

sensitive

internal

side

internal6-V

sensi-

meter

of

unknownto60

the

CGRL

rheostat

currentisgreatest

canbeappliedtothe

thus

there

ratedatO.IW

or more.

desirabletomake

sensitivity.

between

the

measured

bal­care

the

rnA.

For

for

is

An

external

1232,

is

very

at

frequencies

between
case.
a

convenient

2.3

the

The

screw

DC

VOLTAGE AND CURRENT LIMITS.

Bridge

tect
ponent

able

to

protect

maximum

test

voltages

Unless

test

voltageisdesired,asupplyofabout

a 90-V

battery),

tuned

desirable

other

than

LOW

UNKNOWN
near

the

ground

point.

voltages

WARNING

must

the bridge and

from

damage.

to

limit

the

currentto5

the

operator

voltage

voltages

the

are

utmost

with

described

and some

about25kn

null

when making

1kHz. It may be

terminal

UNKNOWN

be

the

limit,

in

sensitivity

TABLE 2-2

EIA STANDARD TEST VOLTAGES

(RS 196 FIXED-FILM RESISTORS

REC 117

LOW-POWER

WIRE-WOUND RESISTORS)

detector,

measurements

and

binding

limited

unknown com-

Itisalso

rnAorless

from

injury.

standard

military

below.

in

series,

such

connected

the 1650-B

post

to

pro-

advis-

The
EIA

test

or a

standard

100 V

is

as

(e.g.,

recom-

the

is

Range

Full Scale

1.0

10.0

100.0
kn

1

kn

10

100

kn

lMn

Range

Multiplier

100mn

HI

10.0

100.0
1

kn

10

kn

100

kn

E

71
71
71
71

71
223
500

Max

V
V
V
V

V
V
V

* Itispreferabletolimit currenttoaVOid

ortoreduce voltageto10

hazard

V.

Resistance Range

2.7 -

99.0

-999.0

100

10

9999.0
99

-

kn

1000 -

100knup

1*

Max

100

mA

100 mA

71

mA

22

mA

14.1

14.1

14.1

shock

rnA
rnA
mA

Resistance Bridge Mult EIA

Range

less

than

10.0

10-99.0

100 -

999.0

1000-9999.0

10-99

100kn

*

kn

up

REC

117 applies only upto9999.0.

At

EXT GEN terminals.

Range

1.0

10.0

100.0
1

10

100

kn
kn
kn

** Maximum allowance bridge voltage will

test

voltage.

T E

ABL

2-3

EIA STANDARD TEST VOLTAGES

(RS 172 - FIXED COMPOSITION HESISTORS)

Bridge Mult Range

1.0

10.0

100.0
1

kn

10

kn

100kn

EIA Test

Voltage Range

0.5 - 1 V

0.5

- 1 V

2.5

- 3 V

-lOV

8

24

-30

V

- 100 V

80

Test Voltage

10
30

100 V

Bridge*

Voltage

**

-71V***

50

27.5-33V
16 -20V

26.4-33

- 100 V

80

Max

0.3V
1 V

3

not

V

V
V
V

give

maximum

Max

Voltage

**
**

101

Bridge

33V
20
33

I-

V
V
V

BASIC MEASUREMENTS

at

EXT GEN terminals

*

** cannot get required bridge voltage

***

limitedto71

2-4

V by bridge

Spec.

Title

7/30/57

No.2

to

& Date

2/27/62

120° C

Description

Mil-R-94B
Amend.

Resistors Variable
Composition - continuous
operation when properly
derated, at any ambient
temp. up

VARIABLE

(Military

Resistance
Tolerance

±1O&20%

TABLE

2-4

RESISTORS

Specifications)

Measurement Accuracy

Meas.

(all

Qualification inspection: Table 2-6

not

Acceptance inspection:

±1%

GR

Bridges: Qualification:
1608

GR Bridges Acceptance:

1608, 1650,

at de).

to exceed ±0.5%

and

1652

& 1652

Test

Voltage

Resistor

less

1

10

100

1k

10k

lOOk up

* 0.5

Wand

70°

full

11/9/56

No.2

Variable-

C.

3/21/62

TABLE

5/14/62

C,

C.
11/18/65

rated

an

of

1/6/59

of

40° C

*

2-5

VOLTAGES

(DO NOT EXCEED)

Mil-R-22097B

Lead-screw-actuated
Nonwirewound Variable

- at maximum ambient
85°

continuous
ambient temp.

Mil-R-19A
Amend.

Wirewound
ambient temp.
up

Mil-R-22B
Power Type Wirewound
Variable

MIL-R-22097B TEST

Range

than 1

to
to
to
to
to

of

temps.

C,

& 125°

Mil-R-23285A
Nonwirewound Metal

Variable-

Film
load operation at

C.

125°

Low Operating Temp.

to

105°

(f2)

9.99

99.9 1.0
999

9.99 k

99.9 k

larger resistors.

±1O%

±5&10%

±1O%

±1O%

Test Voltage (V)

0.1

0.3

3.0

10

30

100

±1.0%
GR Bridges: 1608, 1652,

1650

Qualification inspection:

±0.5%

Quality conformance: ±1%
GR

Bridges Qualification:

1608 & 1652

GR Bridges Conformance:

1608, 1652, 1650

±1.0%

GR Bridges: 1608, 1652,

1650

±1.0%

GR Bridges: 1608, 1652,

1650

MIL-R-94B TEST

Resistor

Resistor

Range

to

100

10 k

100 k up

100

10k

100 korhigher

999

to

9.99 k

1 k

to

99.99 k

MI L·R-23285A TEST

Range

to
to
to
to

99
990

9.9 k
99 k

2.7
1 k

Table 2-5

&

Table 2-7

As

small

practical

&

& practical

As small

TABLE

(m

TABLE

((2)

2-6

VOLTAGES

Test Voltage

2-7

VOLTAGES

Voltage

15

as

as

.01to2

to

0.1
to

1.0
to

20

Range

0.3

to

0.5

0.5to1.5

1.5

to

4.5

4.5

to

15

to

45

Range

4

15

40

(V)

(V)

BASIC

MEASUREMENTS

2-5

mended.

0.1
all
a

supply
curacy.
desirable
that
various

appliedtothe
2-1.
prevent

unknown,
toavalue

The

W,

which

resistors,

permits
For

resistance

for

the

maximum

typesofresistors

The

maximum

Careful

damagetothe

Because

itisadvisable

less

available

is

and

good

bridge

observation

the

than

component.

CURRENT-LIMITING

RESISTOR

Figure

test

Various

types

of

2-3.

Various

2-4

through

voltages

is

indicates

in

Tables

the

voltmeter

assuming

large

enoughtocausenoerror.

2.4

CONNECTION OF

EIA

resistors

military

2-7.

showninFigure

the

bridge

2-2

and

directly

that

the

power

a low

the

enough

maximum

measurements

over1MD,ahigher

sensitivity,

EIA

test

have

voltage

for

each

of

bridge.

full

voltage

to

the

power

2 - 2.

Circuit

voltage

measurements.

standards

are

summarized

standards

A

suggested

voltage

2-3.

An

across

input

resistance

EXTERNAL

from

suchasupply

dissipation

currentis4

upto1

MD

with

butitshould

voltage

different

and

current

range

is

100 V,

voltage

that

are

giveninTable

bothofthese

maybeapplied

limit

the

available

rating

for

setup

2-2.

and

shouldbesetaslisted

alternate

the

standard

for

are

The

of

testing

in-

Tables

listed

for

tests

voltmeter

scheme

unknown

of

the

the

voltmeter

GENERATOR.

for

almost

mAo

1%

voltage

be

and

ratings.

may

limits

unknown

different

2-2

in

Tables

at

is

resistor,

Such

ac-

noted

that

be

will

to

the

power

and

these

here

to

put

the

is

bridge
impedanceatthe
(resistive)
a

short

is

shunted
transformer,

quired,
a

matching
useful.
GR

Type
this
400,
output
a

matching

canbeapplied
generator
cuit

by

this

connection,
pacitance
sidered.

to

ground

when

shielded
the

low
nal.
BIAS

(paragraph

connectagenerator

advantage
er

unless

rating,

inputISshort-circuited.

EXT

GEN

at1kHz

circuit

by

the

when

on

the

inductance

the

UNKNOWN

of

whichisapproximately

In

some

cases

where

particularlyinmeasurements

transformer

This

1311

application

500,

1000,

will

notbedistorted

transformer

When

the

can

connection

from

Capacitance

can

low

impedances

cable

generator

Capacitance

terminal

4.6).

over

the

as

do

transformer

Audio

2000,

desired

by

be

the

its

causealarge

and

to

the

external

the

between

need

Oscillator

at

frequencies

5000,

to

drive

bridge

the

internal

connected

to

the

BIAS

generator

terminals

from

the

are

measured.

use

the

outer

terminaltothe

of

over

ground

A

bridge

to

the

can

transformer

BIAS

useofthe

transformer

GR

Type

The

bridge

input

jackisa minimumof30 D

bridgeissettomeasure

terminals.

the

primaryofthe

0.25

more

input

of

generator

not

be

is

of

50,

and

10,000

by

over-loading

low-impedance

voltage

bridge

directly

to

jack

is

ungrounded

ground

in
(Figure

negative

errorathigh

low

shielded.

recommended

60,

Hz

is

transformer,

the

BIAS

Therefore,

This

bridge

H.

powerisre-

impedance,

and

bridge

The

100,

120,

because

andithas

loads.

higher

than

the

bridge

cir-

2-3a).

and

must

be

con-

terminal

frequencies

use

conductortoconnect

100

cause

internal

578

positive

pF

jack,

hasahigher

Transformers

BIAS

from

the

appreciable

can

be

but

this

bridge

termi-

positive

error

used

has

transform-

voltage

(Figure

is

is

for

its

In

ca-

a

to

no

2-3b).

SHIELDED

LEAD

is

OSCLJ

Figure

EXT~

AS

L6

2 -3.Me.thodsofapplying

EXT

OSC

external

16Q8.18

ac.

In

most

cases

whenanexternal

it

should

side

generator
transformer

TERNAL
connected

grounded;

to

the

connected

be

connected

of

the

bridge.

is

connected

when

position,

to

the

paragraph

generator

If

the

should

external

toalow-impedance

the

bridge

to

In

this

directly

function

and

the

4.6).
be

generator

the

low

chassis

A

second

avoided.

sirabletoplacearesistorinseries

generator

shouldbelarge

BASIC

connection

enoughtoprevent

MEASUREMENTS

to

the

2-6

generatorisused

EXT

GEN

jack

connection,

to

switchisin

generator

(which

the

ground

the

internal

the

terminal

should

connection

canbeoverdriven

load,

itisgenerally

with

the

ungrounded

bridge.

This

distortion

external

AC

resistor

even

on

the

bridge

EX-

when

when

be

de-

2.5 MAXIMUM

The

the

1650-B

a.

is

ent

Exact
culated
insuring

the

(including

b.

the

c

the

d.

the

e.

the

limits

from

APPLIED

maximumacvoltage

Impedance

voltage

the

bridge

range

Bridge

and

power

unknown),

circuit

used,

positionofthe

methodofapplying

for

any

specific

the

that

circuit

the

diagramsofFigure

power

AC

VOL

that

depends

ratingsofeach

used,

variable

the

measurement

dissipation

TAGE.

maybeapplied

on:

components,

voltage.

can

2-1,

in

the

compon-

be

cal-

and

ratio-arm

to

by

resistors

a maximum
avoid

any

resultinan

A much

into

the

can

be
rating
power

shouldbereduced

is

the

simplest

a

value

tor

voltage

ponent

.

The

ther

limitonthe

E a

=J...

m x 5

whicheyer
step-down
to

the

primary,

applied

2

...E:....

- 20.0

2

supply.

and

the

rheostats

voltage

is

adjustments

overload.

simpler

bridgeto0.5Wso

damaged

of

the

of R

input

under

unknown

way

2

=..E:..

,

4P

andPthe

transformer

to

where

power

voltage

volts(fin

is

ratio

Hz),

smaller.

andanequivalent

of 20 .0.

to

the

bridge

should

be

placedInseries

is

less

than

applied,

of

approach

any

is

the

panel

that

conditions.

less

care

is

no

than

must

controls

to

bridge

0.5

accordingly.Aseries

limit

the

power.

Eisthe

open-c

ratingofthe

imposes

appliedtothe

or 100

This

transformer

the

EXT

volts,

resistance,

Therefore,

to

0.5

to

W,aseries

with

0.5

W.Ifsuch

be

that

limit

the

components

If

the

W,

the

It

should

ircuit

unknown

following

GEN

hasa3-to-1

referred

limit

the

resistor

the

external

taken

would

power

power

input

resistor

have

genera-

com-

fur-

jack:

power

c.

Set

the

CGRL

dial

upscale

to

of

d.

Make

the

e.

DQ

dial,
mechanism,
than1at
toalower

f.

then

the

meter

reading
When

give

several

To

find

a

wide

range

Often

and

itisdesirable

urement.

resonance

Adjust

Make

the

the

ganged

will

balance,

range

and

further

CGRL

dial,

cannotbereduced

theQis

sharp

best

dip,

without

theQis

This

is

and

appears

ChartisshowninF

first

CGRL

to

the

follow).

turn

rebalance.

balances

then

very

dips

rotate

higher

to

necessary

igure

L

(HAY)

balance

dial

CGRL

If

the

CGRL

the

low,

as

the

the

making

change

capacitive.

2~4.

p

with

for

dial

the

CGRL

MULTIPLIER

using

DQ

further.

the

meter

CGRL

CGRL

another

at

some

the

frequency

if

the

(10or11).

the

DQ

dial.

further

by

balance

the

setting

first

the

dial,

etc.

deflection

dialisrotated.

dial

slowly

DQ

adjustment.

other

inductor

A

DQ

Q=I

(the

Orthonull

is

less

switch

DQ

dial,

until

the

will

over

frequency,

of

meas-

is

above

Coverage

2.6

OPERATING

In

the

measurement

than

1 or

capacirors
ancing
avoided
that
Lp)
when
a low

procedure

by

the

Orthonull

andatany

the

unknownISvery

Q

at

the
sectorsofthe
frequencies

they
(essentially
Orthonull

Operating

mechanismisengaged)isas

a.

Set

the

Procedure
measured.
terminals

IS

used)asdescribed

and

b.

Set

the

PROCEDURE

can

use

of

operates

frequency.

frequency

DQ

dial

don't

the

same

bridge

Chart,

Connect

connect

ORTHONULL

of

whose

be

simplified

Orthonull.

on

all

It
lossy,

of

are

adjusted

apply.

as

without

switches

the

unknown

the

in

paragraph

WITH

inductors

Disgreater

It

four

bridges

will

~ac

ilitate

I.e.,

measurement.

for

The

balancing

Orthonull

as

described

depending

to

external

generator

2.4.

SWITCHtoIN.

ORTHONULL.

whose

and
should

Q

than

false

be

(C

, C , L ,

s p s

the.

is

1,

nulls

noted

balance

hasahIgh

The

white

1kHz.

At

other

procedure

once

follows:

in

on

whatisbeing

the

UNKNOWN

(if

less

bal-

D or

the

the

one

Xc

.

Figure2-4.

DQ

L

s

(MAXWELL)

C

p

coverage

0=1

165()"16

chart.

BASIC

MEASUREMENTS

2-7

3.1

GENERAL.

The

inc

ARM

jacks

in
urements
tension
Hz,
be

and

of

reactive

a few

external

3.2

3.2.1

known

to

be

of

the

the

BIAS

applied

the

across

OPP

ARM

resistors.

of

the

connection

APPLICATION

INTERNAL

Upto600Vofdcbias

capac

itor

Section

lusion

jack

of

the

EXT

DQ,

the

l650-B

made.

DQ

coverage
allowsabias

or

jack

many

jacks.

permits

The

EXT

at

through

allows

The

following

applications

OF

DC

BIAS TO CAPACITORS.

many

DQ

frequencies

voltageorcurrent

an

unknown

more

possible

OSCILLATOR OPERATION.

maybeappliedtothe

by

any

of

several

J-Special

BIAS,

jack

accurate

section

different

and

special

allows

below

impedance,

balancing

presents

with

methods.

opp

meas-

ex­100

these

un-

Measurements

The

simplest

series

pac

to

drawn

tor,
bridge

cuited.

capacitance;

itors

Charged
and

charged

Itisadvisable

from

fuse,

components

method

are

spec

care

sonal

safety

be

sure

nal

dc

carefully.

the

or

circuit

can

be

used

for

fortunately,

ified.

this

WARNING

capac

itors

form a

shouldbetakentoensure

during

that

the

capac

after

measurement.

supply

external

should

to

breaker)

in

case

limit

dc

supplyto0.5

shock

measurement

itors

The

also

be

the

power

in

order

the

unknownisshort-cir-

measuring

is

how

hazard,

per-

and

aredis-

exter-

handled

that

W (by a

to

most

to

may

protect

only

ca-

be

resis-

the

OET

c,

a

c d

Figure

3 - 1.

Methodsofapplying

dc

voltagestocapacitance.

OET

DET

e

SPECIAL

MEASUREMENTS

3-1

The

various

pacitors

in

Method

any
known
terminal.

output
negative
floatingtoavoid
tive
the

at

Method

ply

using

blocking
phone

be

required
accuracy
are:

and

suggestions

the

three

methods

1.

CsBridge (Figure 3-10).

In

this

method,

range.

side

bridge

lowdcpotential

Connect

capacitor

The

impedance.

sideofthedcsupply

of

the

panel

2. CpBridge (Figure 3-1b).

The

same

here,

andablocking

the

EXT

capacitor

plug.

The

sufficient

for

depends

required.

methodsofapplying

for

their

that

follow:

upto600

the

negative

(if

polarized)

dc

supply

Itisusuallyhelpfultoground

hum from

supply

and

precautions

DQ

voltage

the

(BIAS

LOW

with

jack.

should

fulldcapplied.

on

the

The

errors

to

used

should

andtoleave

the

power

jack

UNKNOWN

low

signal

mentioned

capacitor

The

be

tied

ratingofthis

D of

the

causedbythis

dc

use

V may

terminalofthe
the

LOW

havealow

line.Ifthe

body)isgrounded,

terminal

voltage

in Method 1

should

positive

to

the

capacitor

The

unknown

bias

are

described

be

applied

UNKNOWN

the

on

be

side

tip

capacitance

andonthe

capacitor

to

un-

bridge

nega-

will

them.

added

of

of

should

ca-

the

ap-

the

the

on

ac

be

MAXIMUM

Range

Multiplier

100 pF 505 V

1 nF

10 nF 142 V

100 nF 78 V

1

f-L

F

10

f-L

F

100f-LF

both

the

ac

and

dc

supplies

not

grounded.

a

resistor

Method3,paragraph
applydcbias.
plies

are

is

connected

particularly

small

capacitors

The

if

it

does

The

grounded

to

the

useful

ac
not

bridge

(Figure

EXT

for

(paragraphs

3.3 APPLICATION OF

TABLE

DC

TO CAPACITORS

BY METHOD 3

Max Volts
On

generator

provideapath

high-frequency

3-1

VOLTAGES APPLIED

Bridge

242 V 220 V

72V
71

V 0.07 V

71

V 0.007 V

grounded

should

3.2.1,

and

GEN

3-1),

2.4

may

both

theacanddcsup-

and

jacks.

and

3.2.1).

DCTOINDUCTORS.

Max

Volts

On

Unknown

500 V

71

V

7V

0.7 V

and

the

bridge

be

shunted

for

dc.

also

be

used

theacgenerator

This

method

measurements

by

to

is
of

C

measured

D

measured

Method

tors.
the

Csand
maximum
CGRL-and-DQ-dial

high(>10k.IL)toavoid
dc

source

this

circuit
grounded
resistor,
high.

= C

(l

x

= Dx(1

3. Csor

This

The

voltage

The

and

since

CpBridge (Figure 3-1c and e).

methodisrecommended

maximum

Cpbridge

on

ac

impedance

should

have

are

that

thedccurrent

the

Note that the
has the high voltageon itinthis method.

3.2.2 EXTERNAL

When

both

hum may

in

bridge

the

be

power

should

AC

external

introduced

transformers
be

set

where

and

for

small

voltages

are

the

that

may

giveninTable

bridge

areafunction

be

settings.

of

the

dc

source

shunting

low

the

impedanceofthe

the

hum.

bridge

and

canbeeasily

detector,

The

supply

source

advantages

WARNING

LOW

UNKNOWN

terminal

GENERATOR OPERATION.

ac

anddcsupplies

by

the

capacitance

of

these

generators.

upasshowninFigure

Ct=

0.1

C

» C

b

capaci-

applied

3-1,

but

the

of

the

should

limitedbya

should

to

and

are

are

the

3-1,

be

the

both

be

used,

line

The

with

jJ.,f

t

to

of

Direct

ing

measurement

so

thac
made.
with

suggestions

(C

in

b

shown.

should

EXT

DQ

(1)

Lsmeasured

measured

(2) Q

To

get

measured
Q

in

equation

x

current

incremental

The

various

Figure

This

be

connected

jack.

the

corrected

Lsand

maybesuppliedtoinductors

by

any

of

several

inductance

methods

for

their

3-2)isneeded

capacitor

The

= Qx(1

(2)

(not

by a

errors

=L

x

(1

results

Q. It

willbenecessary

but

usually

are

use.

supplied

phone

caused

C

t

C

b

C

t

C

b

Qrneasured

measurements

described

A

only

plug

by

_1

Q 2 I

Q 2

add

different

below

blocking

for

the

with

the

inserted

this

capacitor

)

x

1

C

t

)

x

(~:)

1

(Q

x

to

'" Qx'

WARNING

Large inductors carrying high currents
are shock hazards. Reduce the

dc
zero before disconnecting thedesupply
or

unknown inductor.

dur-

methods

may

along

capacitor

Lsbridge

bridge)

into

the

are:

0.1

jiF

to

che

)

2

solve

for

to

be

SPECIAL

MEASUREMENTS

3-2

Method1.(Figure 3-20.)

The

maximum

Table

3·2.

The

the

instrument

pacitanceofthe

a D

(l/Q)

error
internal
bridge

enough
direct

of

low
bridge

A
times

capacitive

maybegrounded

The

blocking

ratingtotakeavoltage

currentinamperes

the

transformer

The

source

compared

measures

large

capacitor

useful.

MAXIMUMDCTHROUGH INDUCTORS

Range

Multiplier

L R

100

,wH

100

1

mH

10

mH

100

mH

1 H

10 H

100 H

100.0

100

current

dc

supply

left

floating

bridgetoground

of

-wRnC.
coupling

capacitor,

secondary.
impedance

with

that

bothofthese

(Cd)

TABLE

OR

RESISTORS

(METHODS 1

mn

1.0

10.0
1

kn
kn

10

kn

IS

limitedtothat

maybetiedtoground

as

shown,

shunts

If

the

dc

to

the

and

thedcsupply

Cb,

must

equaltothe

times

In,

the

of

the

dc

of

the

unknown,

impedances

shunting

thedcsupplyissome-

3-2

AND

2)

Maximum

Current

100

mA

100

mA

71

mA

22

mA

7.1

mA

2.2

mA

0.5

mA

where

Rnand

supply

power

dc

supply

given

the

causes

has

line,

left

floating.

be

of

maximum

resistance

must

since

in

series.

Ra(Ratio

Arm)

1.0

10.0

100.0
n

lk

10

kn

100 k

.0

lMn

and
ca-

low

the

high

be

the

Method 2. (Figure 3-2b.)

The

in

to

that

to

the

keep

dc

from

abletotake

maximum

giveninTable

BIAS

jack

the

bridge

ground.

the

maybemadetoeither

Method

since

In

this

3.

(Figure 3.2c.)

This

methodisrecommended

the

maximum

method

current

3·2.

Thedcsupplyisconnected

with

the

case

anddcsupply

The

blocking

fulldcvoltage.

the

panelorthedcsupply.

currentisthe

both

the

bridge

in

signs

this

method

reversed

bothatzero

capacitor

The

ground

for

same

and

the

large

for

dc

is

limited

in

order

Cb

must

connection

inductors,

any

range.

supply

to

volts

be

are

grounded.

The

maximum

40

mAo

The

output

be

high

enoughtoavoid

resistor

the

The

dc IR

is

often
blocking
drop

mustbeabletotake

Method

The
by

dc

the

4. (Figure 3·2d.)

This

method

maximum

the

rating

supply

mustbemuch

unknown
combinationofthese
tor,

La'

maybeconnected

source

feed

impedance.

inductortoincrease

allowable

current

for

impedanceofthedcsupply should

across

voltage

of C

since

loading

useful)

capacitor

the

the

wholedcvoltage.

must

be

on

The

•

f

higher

the

bridge

two

Oftenitis

the

the

detector(aseries

and

should

Cemust

unknown

used

the

unknownislimited

ac

source

have

be

inductor,

with

very

impedanceofthe

than

the

measures

impedances.

as

showntoprovideahigh

possibletoresonate

source

impedance

any

range

low hum.

abletotake

and

large

impedance

the

parallel

A

large

further.

C

dc.

only

induc-

the

is

b

of

C

Figure

3 -2.Methodsofapplyingdcto

Q

inductors.

OET.

(Blocking

b

capacitor

CBisnot

~TO

supplied

SPECIAL

l-

DETECTOR

R

A

165().16

with

the

MEASUREMENTS

bridge.)

3-3

Also,

the

impedance
shouldbelow
known
The
method

since

blocking

and

of

compared

it

is

directly

capacitor,

canbeshorted

the

blocking

with

the

impedanceofthe

in

series

Cb,

is

not

outorremoved.

with

needed

capacitor,

the

unknown.

for

Cf,

un-

this

amount
should
the
shown.

sis

giveninTable

be

low

source

should

If

thedcsupplyisgrounded,

compared

be

3-2.

with

shunted

maybeatapotentialofupto6 V.

The

dc

thatofthe

by a

large

source

the

impedance
unknown,
capacitor

bridge

or
as

chas-

Method

by
known
bridge
be
senes.
relative

be
that
the

2)

usually
reduces
1
common
units)
ure

known

5.

(See

This

method

connectingacurrent

inductor.
by

capacitor

low

compared

The

current

to

the

A

current

constructed

have

current

output

even

Figure

terminals

the

high

FLOATING

VOLTAGE

SUPPLY

3 -3.Dc-current

haveanetwork

their

impedance

kHz.

To

construct

ungrounded

and

feed

3-3.

Connect

inductor

Short

out

connecting

transient

Figure

permits

The

to

unknown

source

because:

limiting

+

the

the

(Figure

the

the

voltages.

3-2e.)

large

or

sourceinparallel

dc

voltage

Cf'

The

impedance

the

unknown

source

with

at

the

the

1)

impedance

measuring

proper

most

havealarge

causing

slewing

+

a lowacimpedance,

rate

operational

AMPS

}----------i>A

supply

for

inductor

across

the

output

toafew

a high

voltage

output

output

impedance
supply

through

of

this

3-2e).

CAUTION

current

source

inductortoprevent

small

is

isolated

ofCfshould

since

must

impedance

regulated

capacitor

measurements.

termi

thousand

supply
(Kepeo
the

circuit

circuittothe

before

large

dc

currents

with

the

from

they

are

be

frequency.

supplies

across

supplies

OUTPUT

nals

ohms

use

ABC

series

in

dis-

un­the

high

must

and

that

at

any

Fig-

un-

Method2.(Figure

This

bridge

The

in

supplied
to

be
bridge

arm

so

current

multiplied

that

giveninTable

limitedto71 V.Ifthedcsupplyisgrounded,

chassis

Method3.(Figure

This

method
chassis
unknownisequaltothe

=-_a::.-..._

R

a x

in

R

+R

Table

and

Thedccurrent

2-1.

Method4.(F

This
resistors,
resistor
and
the
capacitor

since

Rfshouldbelarge

the

blocking

dc

voltage

should

3-4b.)

method

in

that

the

removes

its

impedance

unknown

the

is

dc

is

equal

supply

not

R

by

Ra: Rb'

3-2.

The

and

shouldbelimited

voltage

maybeatapotentialofupto37

3-4c.)

the

igure

method

IdcR

permits

dc

3-4d.)

permits

no

capacitor,

x

be

groundingofboth

supply.

current

and

large

current

flows

compared

Cf,

.

The

impedance

low

compared

The

supplied

voltage

currents

should

current

in

the

with

with

so

important.

to

the

applied

the

through

multiplied

limits

through

bridge.

the

be

abletotake

of

the

that

from

the

current

should

the

V.

bridge

the

are'

given

low

The

unknown,

blocking

of

the

by

unknown.

(Ill)

3.4

DC

BIAS FOR AC RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS.

Adcbias
various
diodes,
small
vices,
slope
sensitive

resistance

than

applying

types
varistors,

ac

signal

diodes,

of

the

devices,

as

the

periodofthe

dc

dc

are

Method1.(F igure

In

this

through

SPECIAL

the

unknown.

MEASUREMENTS

voltage

of

nonlinear

and

and

thermistors

resistance.

and

varistors,

voltage-current

theacresistance

longasthe

ac

"howninFigure

3-40.)

method

all

of

The

current

resistive

in

For

voltage-sensitive

theacresistance

curve.

time

constant

signal.

3-4.

the

current

current

3-4

maybeapplied

elements

such

ordertomeasure

For

thermally

is

equaltothe

is

much

Several

methods

supplied

is

limited

as

de-

is

the

dc

longer

flows

to

the

of

to

Figure

a

3 -4.Methodsafapplying

measurements.

b

d

de

foracresistance

1650-25

3.5 MEASUREMENT OF AC RESISTANCE
DUCTANCE WITH

The

ac

resistance

the

1650-B

measurements

varistors

or

are

of

diodes,
impedancesoffie
plifiers,

gyrators,

ple,anegative
cancel
circuit,
resistor
converter
was
inductive

tions

operational

some

positive

but

the

was

putinseries

and

determined

component,

showed

amplifier

the

to

impedance

bridge

very

useful

nonlinear

and

ld-effect

impedance

resistance

was

input

that

the

discussed

be

the

(Figure

REACTANCE.

and

conductance
for

making

components

for

measuring

transistors

scalers,

converter

in

one

not

balancing

with

the

negative

impedance

negative

below,

result

of

phase

3-5).

or

was

was

resistance

Rin=input

:~

R2

A (S).

~

A

(S)

+

16508-3

Figure

3 -5.Operational

If

the
changeinthe
either
tance

tance

on

is

decade

the

capacitive

measured

bridge

nullisnot

CGRL

box

to

sharp,

dial

or

inductive.

by

connecting

(Co)from

the

case

position,

(Figure
measurementismadebyconnecting
tance
on

the

tance,

decade

bridge

Measurements

also.

box

and

The

between

the

case

can

conductance

the

(Figure

be

LJ

DECADE

CD

",

CGRL

RHEOSTAT

".

10

kfi

the

madeintermsofconduc-

1+

S T

i.e.,

HIGH

OPP

bridge

".

CGRL

RHEOSTAT

A(S)=

K =

S =

1 z

amplifier.

sensitive

the

A

capacitive

an

external

3-6).
an

external

ARM

3-7).

OR

bridges

incremental

like

Thyrite®

input

and

transistor

etc.

For

being

arm

of a

properly.

impedance

measured.

which

calcula-

shift

resistance

:}

feedback

z

operational
pllfier

open

transfer

function
gainatDC
complex

jW

time

constant

toasmall

-resistance-

UNKNOWN

An

inductive

banana

has

Raand

R.

IOkO

CON-

output

am-

exam-

used

bridge

had

in

the

resistors

am-

loop

frequency,

resis-

capaci-

post

capaci-

jack

of

to

A

It

an

is

R

Co

DECADE

interchanged,

causmg

the

follows:

R

the

from

N

A B

R

N

R

Co

A

B

1.4

for

active

and

keep

as

muchaspossible

saturating.

circuit's

GX=RR

Cx=RACO

LX R

(Refertoparagraph

Monitor

an

oscilloscope,

tor

level

reduced

vice

under

test

NOTE

A

sliding

is

inductive

null

null

equations

can

occurifthe

because

of both Rxand

3.6 MEASUREMENT OF TRANSDUCERS.

The

small

residuals,
sation,
of
transducers
pickoffs
by
versus

wave
er)
Mechanical

it

one
are.

everyIkHzorso,
frequency
erator
an

b

bumps

quency,aregion

analyzed
The
detector

1232

below
the
than
of
connected

Orthonull,

the

1650-B

Bridge

up

and

ultrasonic

the

useofthe

frequency

Useful

analyzer

accessories

(GR

andafrequency

resonances

takes

time

to

would

The

like

best

with

BO-dB

wave

GR

the

mode.

occur

Tuned

20

20

wave

The

potentiometer

in

by

balancing

analyzer

at

frequencies

Amplifier

kHz

for a

Type

1232-P1

kHz

can

analyzer

between

and

to

100

1650-B

curves.

Type

counter

balance

to

know

procedure

and

the

wave

measurements

the

plot

of

interest

is

detector,

be

analyzed.

is

the

relatively

facilitate

kHz.

transducers

Bridgetoplot

for

1910

are

where

sweep

analyzer

in

of

the

also

above

and

RF

high
LOW

balance

term

formulas

definitions.)

output

the

1650-B

Bridge

to

unknown

Raappearsinthe

Lx.

careful

frequency

high

DQ

impedance

Microphones,

canbeanalyzed

their

this

work

arearecording

Recording

(GR

Type

1191

usually

the

is

bridge

the

to

up

in

high

for

interesting

balance

and

down

the

should

the

level

recorder.

null

voltage

is

indicated

bridge

very

Null

Mixer,

useful

20

kHz.

Detector

and

The

enough

at

this
asatuned

with

the

frequencies

input

so

UNKNOWN

to

be

voltage

oscilla-

keep

the

compen-

resolution

analysis

vibration

impedance

Wave

Analyz-

Counte!).

Q,

and

every

point,

regions

the

bridge

about

tracking

be

made

versus

and

can

frequency.

The

GR

can

be

addition

greater

impedance

thatitcan

terminal

as

with

de-

of

1,2

since

the
gen
with

When

fre-

be

null

Type

used

be

and

o

of

Figure

measuring

3 -

6.

resistors.

Circuit

capacitive

for

Figure3-7.

measuring

resistors.

Circuit

inductive

for

1

Frederick

in

Applied

(New

2L.E.Kinsler
John

Science

York:

Wiley&Sons,

V.

John

Hunt,

andA.R.

Electroacoustics,

Number5,1954,

Wiley&Sons,

Frey,

Inc.,

1962.

SPECIAL

Harvard

Harvard

Inc.)

Fundamentals

MEASUREMENTS

Monographs

University

of

Acoustics,

Press

3-5

I

20

10

9

UJ

6

~~~

u

z

..

~I

t; 5

..

UJ

~6Y.

..

4

I---~

'"

120

I

I

FREQUENCYINkHz

100

I

FREOUENCY IN kHz

25

.....-

-

/

-

r-...

\

4

F

I

~~.2

~~.5

~8_

~~.7

80

60

~

40

~

14

20

---'

2

6\

10.5

/

I

8ROAD

RESONANCE

AT

~

~

7.5

8.9

\.

RESONANCEAT10

7.7

8kHz

8'

8.7

8.5

kHz

I

o

Figure

3 -8.Typical

the

case,

but

therfmIxer

the

DET

The

high

frequency

from C

are

most

gram.

Typical

3-8

and

procedures

3.7

RESONANT

The

tuned

circuit

output

andDto

3-9.

jack.

frequency

resolution

conveniently

impedance

Consult

and

accuracy

resonant

may
variable-frequency
bridge.

The

external

cribedinparagraph

nectedtothe

The

for

the

balance,

tuned

circuit

parallel

the

resonant

frequency

best

the

tuned

UNKNOWN

null

effective

or

circuit,

frequency.

ultrosonic

real

FREQUENCY

the

2

REAL

impedance-vs-frequency

~

PART

(kHz)

transducer.

will

counter

and

done

is

and

accuracy.

imaginary

byashort

curves

paragraph

above20kHz.

OF

frequency

be

found

oscillator

oscillator

2.4,

and

attainable.

series

effective

while

by

and

the

terminal.

the

CGRL

of a

and

The

resistance
parallel
the

havetobe

are

4.12

means

is

tuned

3.8 SHIELDED THREE-TERMINAL

When

the

unknownisshielded

not

tied

to

either
componentisformed(Figure
of

the

component

Figure

3 -

unknown

itselfisthe

10.

Shielded

terminal,athree-terminal

3-10).

direct

three-terminal

4 5

16506·6

responseofan

driven

necessary

to

obtain

Conversion

partsofimpedance

computer

showninFigures

for

measurement

TUNED CIRCUITS.

series

the

connected

dial
bridge

oscillator

or

of

an

ac

resistance

circuit

are

then

indicates,

of a

resistance

indicates

parallel

external

as

des-

is

con-

varied

series

of

COMPONENTS.

and

the

shield

The

impedance

impedance

1608.7

impedance.

of

from

pro-

is

the

0

Figure

three-terminal
tance

terminal

grounded

just
to

themisreasonably

to

are
causes
to
ductance
tanceisincreased
The
an

of
capacitance

at

a

bridge
from

better

tion

3.9

ground,

(paragraph

Z

tance

necting

the

connected

bridge

be

ground.

the

be

1.5

1

3 -9.Typicol

system.

ofathree-terminal

to

the

panel

below

the

the

shield

Often

either

have

the

terminal.

lowsothat

negligible

the

UNKNOWN

(or

frequency)

erroris+100

inductance

the

bridge.

error,

The

to

terminal.

the

other

measurement

does

not

REMOTE

Duetothe

particularly

4.6),

away

from

leads

leads

is

avoided.

to

the

should

shielded,

effectofthe

considered

at

When

(paragraph

2 5

~o

20

piezoelectric

REAL

impedance-vs-frequency

To

panel

terminal

UNKNOWN

of

or a

terminals.
negligible
small

(paragraph

microphone.

measure
system,
the

PART

Ikn)

instrument,

ground

effect

~.5

the

connect

lug

The

as

4.6).

shieldofaninductorisnot

When

the

inductance

stray

capacitance

error,

terminal

becauseofthe

(w2LxC

the

inductor

the

shield

A Q

error

UNKNOWN

of

Lxispossible.

affect

the

the

shield

marked

is

high,

)%

x

shield

terminal

should

results

terminaltothe

winding

across

shouldbeconnected

LOW. When

the

effective

shunting

(paragraph

maybetiedtothe

that

be

tied

from

the

capacitance

MEASUREMENTS.

small

effect

for

the

unknown

the

bridge.

is

shielded,

LOW UNKNOWN

be

grounded.

the

cost

low

impedance

lead

resistance

of

capacitance

maybeplaced

If

at

the

The

shielded

The

of

increased

measurements

4.10).

stray

least

capacitance

terminal,

other

and

inductance

4.0

4.5 5.0

responseofa

direct

capaci-

the

using

with

screw

capacitances

longasone

connected

and

frequency

the

inductor

the

induc-

capacitance.

4.4).

To

has

the

larger

to

the

capacitance

shield

(This

connec-

itself.)

capacitance

measurements

some

oneofthe

between

lead

should

and

lead

may

capacitance

are

made,

should

third

any

in-

avoid

panel

LOW

but

dis-

con-

the

also

1650·7

of

a

to

be

to

SPECIAL

MEASUREMENTS

3-6

3.10 MEASUREMENT OF GROUNDED COMPONENTS.

If

the

component

directly

with

tor
erates
increases

hum

amplifier.
creases

pF

error

shouldbegrounded.

pane1can
nalorremote

3.11

3.11.1

a

meansofmaking

a

pairofconveniently

1650-B

3.12),

electrical

capacitors
because
shielded

3.11.2

KN
Connector
nectionisnecessary.
means
KNOWN
nector.
the

in

maybelocated

interference

to

ground,

the

caseofthe

Either

maybegrounded.

canberemoved

from

(paragraph

If

Even

USE

unknown

large

capacitance

sensitivity

Grounding

sensitivity

the

case

the

unknownisan

when

be

used

measurements.

OF

THE

4.6).

GENERAL.

The

Type

1650-P1

is

set

up

the

combination

components.

The

jigisalso

because

the

unknown

to

make

INSTALLATION.

The

test

OWN

terminals

attached

of

the

screw,

terminals,

This

screw

jig

and

also

holds

The

leadsofthe

backofand

undern
directly

from

jig

the

to

the

component

1650-B

terminal

Grounding

from

to

hum.

by

the

the

to

hum,

to

ground

the

bridge

asaguard

TYPE

Test

quick

connections

located

for

limit

facilitates

useful

of

its

component

repeatable

is

connected

by

meansofthe

to

the

The

located

and

the

makes

the

test

eath

in

leads.

be

measured

floating

ofanunknown

the

the

case

However,

internal

other

unknown

butacapacitance

causesa1%

inductor,

is

floating,

terminal

may

off

low

I-kHz

the

for

is

be

ground.

terminal

to

ground,

mostofthe

filterinthe

terminal

capacitance

LOW

the

three-termi-

1650·P1 TEST JIG.

Jig

(Figure

clip

measurements

for

measurements

small

zero

measurements

jig.

A

third

connection

directlybelow

lugonthe

the

ground

connectorinplace.

jig

maybebrought

the

bridge

frontofthe

3-11)

to

the

terminals.

the

rapid

capacitance

is

positioned

to

the

shie

Ided

three-terminal

shieldofthe

connection

so

that

bridge

connected

measured

capaci-_

of

1000

terminal

bridge

provides

bridge

When

(paragraph

sorting

on

small

possible.

bridge

Type

is

made

the

around

the

without

tol-

but

de-

with

the

and
and

UN-

274

con-

UN­con-

of

by

to

jig

Figure

3-11.

Type

1650·Pl

3.11.3 RESIDUAL IMPEDANCES

The

residual

mD

(total)
capacitance,
bridge,

causeacapacitance

Corrections

tance

low

ground
but

can

ductance

3.12

no-go
paneImeterisused
cedureisas

tobemeasured

if

the

total

division

nominal

1650-P1

five

±l.0%,

above

CGRL
give

and

is

neg

may

and

inductance

impedances

causes

cause

measurements

LIMIT

a.

b.

allowable

c.

d.

e.

divisions,

the

TESTING.

The

Type

indication

Balance

Offset

tolerance

Adjust

meter

Set

the

valueifthe

Connect

Test

When

the

the

limits

methodisused.

dial

so

same

resistance

the

inductance

when

the

ligible

no

a D

follows;

the

deflection.

Jig).Ifthe

the

that

deflection.

(""

to

be

necessary

when

(paragraph

error

(l/Q)

(paragraph

1650-B

useful

as

the

bridge

(preferably

CGRL

is

symmetrical,

spreadifunsymmetrical.

the

SENSITIVITY

CGRL

each

unknown

maybein

dial

toleranceissymmetrical).

componenttothe

componentiswithin

unknown

of

is

leads

0.2

pF).

groundofabout

measurements

4.10).

for

capacitance

errorupto

maybesetupto

for

component

the

indicator.

with

one

dialbythe

to

meter

hasatolerance

error

A

sure

componentsatboth

within

Test

OF

THE TEST JIG.

the

leadsisabout

about

2

flH.

are

connected

The

shielded

100

for

the

residual

The

capacitance

measurements,

about

4.6).

testing.

The

oneofthe

tolerance).

desired

or by

one

control

the

center

bridge

deflection

limits.

by more

methodisto

than

Jig.

80

The

zero

to

the

leads

pF

each.

resis-

are

made

on

to

0.007

for

in-

provideago-

The

setup

pro-

components

tolerance,

halfofthe

for a

five-

value

(the

(or

Type

is

less

than

greater

than

1%ifthe

set

the

limits

SPECIAL

MEASUREMENTS

3-7

4.1

GENERAL.

Basically

to

within

range

extremes

know

when

consider

1. What

pedance

fLF

capacitor

Reactance

uals

of 1
series
inductance
thus

be

andareal
small

the

is,

balance

of
components
ance

ple,

very

paragraphs

rections.

quency,

with

causing

waryoflow

2.

Visualize

thenitessentially

DQ

dial

the

high-loss

and.

measure

In

low,

the

16S0-B

1%,

andDand

the

accuracy

the

accuracy

the

following:

is

the

approximate

at

the

measuring

has

a ISO-mD.
Chartinthe
mD.

and

0.2

this

low

of

any

connecting

the

error

impedances.

the

unknownashavingareactive

part

in

parallel.

will

be

the

position

much,

hence

summary,ifthe

very

Note

very

of

hence

components.

will

notbetoo

will

the

residual

high,

in

this

section

that,

small

inductive

of

Appendix).

j.LH

impedance

to

major

the

CGRL

low

accuracy.

have

bridge

impedance

or

very

by

increasing

measures

Q

to

S%;

naturally

your

instrument

magnitude

frequency?

impedance

(10

mD.

leads

approach

If

the

controls

balancing

dial

Conversely,

dependent

low

DQ

capacitance.

lossy,

and

make

impedances

Section

C,

R,

L,

however,

decreases.

decreases,

of

A common

at

IO-kHz

The

bridge

impedance)

along

with

to

the

unknown,

10%.

real

the

Therefore,

accuracy.

to

read

the

partisvery

impedance

control.

won't

very

on

the

be

measured

therelevant

the

required

measuring

can

Therefore,

affect

low-loss

For

and

at

the

resid-

are

the

be

DQ

exam-

often

4-Accuracy

the

To

im-

100-

(see

self

part

and

That

the

wary

bal-

cor-

fre-

be

in

is

moved

G

tive
measured

4.2 DC RESISTANCE.

long
accuracy
Above

1%

leads
The

with
from
user

pin

tighten
inserted

4.3

balance

Below

Thus
whichever
ual

up;

impedances

areas.

The

±I%ifthe

as

thereisenough

100

accuracy.

For

should

zero

resistance

the

free

the

bridge

shouldbeparticularly

connections.

the

in

AC

RESISTANCE.

The

is

1 on

the

resistance

by

decreasing

can

accuracy

CGRL

is

limited

kD.,

low-resistance

be

binding

the

accuracy
made

the

over-all

is

greater,

ofdcresistance

dial

an

external

used

ends

connected

reading

F or

post

hole.

between1and

dial

accuracy

is

subtracted

the

frequency,

be

moved

readingisbetween1and11as

up

sensitivity.

to

±l0

mD.

supply

measurements,

as

connections

of

the

leads

together,

with

the

unknowninplace.

careful

best

connection

hard

enoughtonotch

of

the

R

reading

lIon

the

accuracy

is

±I%

as

long

as

the

from

theRreading.

small

into

measurements

Below1D.,

by

the

is

required

short,

to

the

should

and

when

using

to

is

the

is

±Y2adivision.

or

I-milliohm

capaci-

more

easily

sensitivity.

to

heavy

unknown.

be

measured

subtracted

banana-

the

bridge,

the

±I%ifthe

CGRL

±l

milliohm,

resid-

is

the

get

The

wire

dial.

ACCURACY

4-1

The

residual
binding
urements,
nections
leads
together,
the
careful

connection
enoughtonotch

bridge,
sharp
a

used

posts

themselves.

short,

to

the

unknown.

should

unknowninplace.

Since

null.

satisfactory

to

be

measured

and

subtracted

when

using

to

the

the

thereisno

reactance

If

the

balance,

makeareactance

heavy

4.4 INDUCTANCE.

The

accuracy
balance
Be
the

greater,

range.
and
CGRL

,uH,

therefore
connect
creased
reading.

ohm,

is

leads
can

tion.

where

cally
However,
negligible
ingofsuchalarge
a

three-terminal
stray
ordertoreduce
itisnecessary
The

is

from

is

made

low 1onthe

over-all

since

TheQaccuracy

is

±5%

reading

The

residual

whichisless

negligible.

to

the

and

The

residual

which

less

become

inductance

w 2

the

causesasmallD(l/Q)

than

are

used

TheDerror

R

o

+wL

x

R

is

the

o

The

residual

causes

this
compared

capacitance

oL

2,

C

x

bridge

between1and

dial

accuracy

1

f1.H

or to.OOl,

of 1 or

unknown,

should

0.001ifLxismore
to

appreciably

(theQerrorisQ2_o_)

total

an

small

measurement

the
to

error

and

reading

resistance

For

leads

should

The

with

from

the

The

user

banana-pin

bridge,

affects

reactance

tighten

wire

insertedinthe

internalQadjustment

only

the

is

an

external

balance

of

the

L

the

accuracy

is

±l%

or

isY2dial

is

given

whichever

higher.

(zero)

than

resistance

connect

inductance

the

If

be

greater

accuracy

external

this

subtracted

of

to

is

lead

resistance.

zero

capacitance

error

for

inductors

capacitance

with

the

capacitance

inductor.

to

effect

reduce

this

If

the

shield

of

the

due

toashunt

amount

(paragraph

the

will

the

measurement

of 1 mDisthat

low-resistance

be

used

zero

resistance

the

free

ends

connected

bridge

should

connections.

the

abilitytogetagood

large

reading

11 on

is

±l

division

in

zero

the

than

the

unknown,

and

R

wL

x

inductorisshielded,

reduce

(paragraph

winding

should

4.10).

reading

be

particular

binding

enoughtoprevent
capacitor

tlil

f1.H,

terms

is

is

of

leads

inductance

bridge

error.

requireacorrec-

of

is

post

hole.

(paragraph

is

±l%

the

CGRL

division.

whichever

on

the

of D =

greater,

less

the

bridge

are

from

the

is1milli-

This

160

f1.H.

this

0.5pFtheoreti­above

almost

of

the

the

3.8).

capacitance

frequency.

capacitance

be

subtracted

of

meas-

as

of

For

on

may

if

lowest

with

than

used

1S

bridge

If

250

always

effect

the

con-

the

with

best
hard

the

be

3.5).

the

dial.

Thus

I/Q

0.2

and

m-

error

long

error

H.

wind-

In

Co

The

inductance

Q

is

less

than

balance

cies

ly

R

4.5 CAPACITANCE.

balance
Below

the

everisgreater,
lowest
ever
higher.

terminals
the

If

zero
from

is

to

a

which
C
have
gible.
pacitors,
rection
Rois
subtracted

at1kHz
leads
error

is

amount

bridge
with

1%

gible

frequencies

4.6

grounded"

of

minalisconnected
should

high-impedance
the
UNKNOWN
an
minals.
the

to

1%

are

discussed

The

accuracy

is

made

1 on

the

over-all

accuracy

external

capacitance
the

=

x

such

+w

the

precision

accuracy

range.

is

greater,

The

residual

is

approximately

leads

bridge

The

residual

theoretically

1000

,uF. In

largeDvalues

However,ifleads

thisDerror

should

the

lead

from

The

residual

evenifC = 1000 ,uF.

could

when

large

LoCx(when

shouldbesubtracted

The

capacitance

whenDbecomes

Orthonull

(paragraphs

Errors

are

EFFECTS

The

Type

components,

be

connected

pane

1isnot

terminals

effective

UNKNOWN

capacitance

With

is

dial

TheDaccuracy

of

reading.

be

resistance),

the

have

is

for

discussed

OF

the

terminals

accuracy

0.1.

However,

impossible.

in

paragraphs

of

the

between1and

the

accuracy

possible

since1pF

withaCGRL

("zero")

the

bridge

are

usedtoconnect

is

increased

resistance

causes

practice,

are

can

made.

TheDerror

Dread
inductance

x .

enough

capacitors

Lois

the

accuracy

larger

balancing

impossible;

4.8

and

5.2.4).

capacitance

is

reduced

even

Errorsatother

4.11

C

reading

lIon

is

¥IJ

is

±1%

isY2a

and,

that

become

and

ing.

mductance

in

dial

is

±5%

dial

capacitance

Y2

pF,

which

therefore,

and

should

of

the

a D

error

capacitors

such

usedtoconnect

important

is

this

causes

However,

are

measured.

lead

inductance)

from

theCreading.

is

reduced

than

10.

mechanism,

thus

this

measurements

paragraphs

with

and

is

the

division.

or ±l

division

or to.OOl,

reading

the

unknown,

bridge

of

an

errorisnegli-

+w

amount

negligible

to

However,

errorisnegli-

4.11

CAPACITANCE TO GROUND.

1650

Bridge

directly

toagood

components

grounded,

and

panel

generally

since

to

are

stray

panel

across

grounded,

to

ground

neither

the

panel.

ground,

to

be

capacitances

to

ground

the

UNKNOWN

capacitances

haveamuch

measures

UNKNOWN

measured.

slightly

Orthonull,

frequen-

4.12.

±1%

CGRL

pF,

which-

on

which-

of

of

the

is

less

negligible.

be

subtracted

is

0.006

of

this

large

andacor-

l\,

ex

(where

should

connecting

cause

The

and

on

the

balance

at

and

The

especially

from

can

produce

if

the
dial.
Thus

the

1

bridge

than

this

1 mD,

when

size

ca-

be

error

a C

error

this

C

even

other

4.12.

"un_

ter-

panel

the

ter-

from

less

if

or

p

to

if

If

ACCURACY

4-2

Figure

4 - 1.

serlOus
ponents

(ground)
bridges

effect.
refertoparagraph

The

effects

are

(Figure

minaltoground

no

error.

(C

B

an

error

Since
error

across
the

causes
usually

shunts

)

C

(when

In

CGRL

Capacitance

the

of

is

T

Dissmall).

the

the

detector

rheostat.

a D

(l/Q)

negligible

Capacitance

measurement.

(For

measurements

of

stray

usually

4-1).

(C

A

negligible

Capacitance

shunts

)

from

standard

x 100%

large,ittakes

inductance

and

has

Capacitance

error

of

except

ta

ground

3.10.)
capacitances

the

the

other

capacitor

0.1 fl-F

1000

bridge

no

effect,

-wRNC

when

Q

D£T

for

capacitance

of

grounded

to

the

panel

in

the

capacitance

from

the

LOW

detector

and

causes

terminaltoground

)

(C

and

T

produces

x 100%

pFtoproducea1%

(Figure

across

B

is

x

.

very

but

this

The

4-2)

CA

CBshunts

rheostat

L

error

low.

com-

ter-

is

4.7 D AND Q ACCURACY.

D

(or

1/Q)

accuracyisdependent

and

the

CGRL

CGRL

I-kHzorlower:
Above

CGRL

I-kHzorlower:

dial

dial

dial

setting

I-kHz:

setting

setting.

of

1 or

above:

±0.001

±0.001

below

±5%

(f/1

1:

:!{O.OOl)(l/CGRL

kHz)

±5%

Above

(f/1

I-kHz:

kHz)

t(O.OOl)(l/CGRL

±5%

NOTE

The

percentage

directly
term,
because

to

±0.001,

Q =

whichisnot
for

residual

be

taken

into

4.8

ORTHONULL

The

advantage

Figure

ments

Orthonull

1%
below
DQ
indication

Q's

is

1%

Q

achieve

4-3,

whichisa

necessary

reduce

the

measurements

a Q of 1/3,

rheostat.

below

This

to

varyinjumps

1/3.

However,

accuracyispossible

is

further

1%

reduced,

balances.

accuracy,

Q,

but

the

fixed-accuracy

does

not

1/D

=

II

±0.001

true.

Also,

the

and

lead

impedances

account

(paragraph

ACCURACY.

of

Orthonull

plotofthe

for a

balance.

numberofbalances,

that

would

otherwise

duetothe

finite

finite

resolution

when

by

choosing

with

Q'sofless

it

is

eventually

The

accuracy

apply

upon

frequency

±5%

dial

setting)

dial

setting)

5%,

applies

directly

= ±

1000,

corrections

must

4.10).

IS

illustrated

numbersofadjust-

Not

only

does

butitpermits

be

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resolution

causes

the

of

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Orthonullisused

the

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than

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impossible

that

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the

the

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Thus,

for

inductance

connect

the

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Figure

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igute

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procedure
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4.9 D

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at

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20

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ard

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owingtoinductance

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4.10 CORRECTIONS

residual

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ing

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0.03,a5%

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far

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as

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The

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numbers

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scales

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5.

20

kHz,anominal

6.

C or L

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7.

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9.

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10.

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. . s

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frequencyinFigure

on

the

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rheostat

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the

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the

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The

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4-1.

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inductance

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the

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the

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change

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the

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ales.

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value

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ment

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portional
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product

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low

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series
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the

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to

external

rheostat

high

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4.12 OPERATION

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performance
the

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reduced

limits

the

accuracy

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instrument
above20kHzisalways
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shows

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at50kHz,
to

the

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other

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thaniscalibrated.

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100

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4-5).

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reading+0.628R

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potentiometer,

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frequency,

resistors

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50),

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resistance

high

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and

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the

specifications

be

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kHz.

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one-percent

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1 kHz.

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low Q

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20
with
At

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kHz.Ifthis

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100

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ateQdirectly

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adjustment.

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reading

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the

effects

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whole

will

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kHz

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accuracy

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in

Figure

the

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accuracy

added

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dial

accuracy

canbestated

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4-5)

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should

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are

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the

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amountisadded

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kHz)
kHz)

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a

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in

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of

ACCURACY

4-5

TABLE

Cp-LsACCURACY BETWEEN

0.4

AND

4 ON THE CGRL

Basic

Frequency

50

kHz ±1% +0, -1%

100

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* below line 10 in Figure 4-5

Bridge LimitsofError

Accuracy

Added Above

±1%

4 2

-

+0, -2.5%

DIAL.

20

kHz

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+1%, -3.5%

Points

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are:

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the

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low

setting,

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plus

or

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always
100

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to

C

say

remember

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s

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between

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basic

the

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For

greater

the

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1%

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accuracy

indicated

measurements

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the

CGRL

4.

bridge

accuracy

above

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value.

above

accurate

dialata

20

may

kHz

50

20

than

be

and

4.

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use

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for

those

ably

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is

-

C

p

The

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quencies,
kHzisnot

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informationisgiven

are

and

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what

accuracy

from 20to100

NOTE

not

tested

thus

above20kHz,

at

operation

specifications.

merelyasa

they

might

kHz.

these

fre-

above

always

guide

reason-

20

ACCURACY

4-6

5.1

GENERAL.

5.1.1

NULL

Null

most

precise

of

impedance
capacitive,
instruments
stone

bridge,

uring

dc
admittance
developed

ments
produces

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built-in

se

able

detectors,

of

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in

5.1.2

DC

METHODS.

methods

and

-

from

low

are

still

resistance.

meter

by

GeneralRadio

modern

bridges

measurement.

generator

measurement

combination

as

complete

BRIDGES.

Section

have

long

convenient

resistive

frequencies

evolved

and

measurement.

covering

and

from

the

fundamental

Other

transfer-function

Someofthese

detector

with

assemblies.

bec::n

recognized

waytomeasure

and

reactive,

to

uhf.

the

century-old

null

circuits,

to

meet

the

In

all,

virtually

systems.

various

and

the

are

GR

5-Principles

as

the

all

types

inductive

Most

circuit

such

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diverse

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entire

bridges

thus

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oscillators

null-type

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for

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as

have

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Radio

field

include

complete,

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avail-

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of

of

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AC

The

to

ac

measurement.

balance

tive

component

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balance:

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Equation
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the

three

The
similar
an

unlike

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conditions

Operation

BRIDGES.

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conditions

z

x

y

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(2)

components;

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arms1,2,or3

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reactance

reactance
complex

of

equation

bridge

mustbesatisfied,

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expresses

satisfy

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in

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in

arm

circuit

With

complex

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the

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the

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equation

these

equations,atleast

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can

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adjacent

the

opposite
required
(2)

or

arm

to

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isacombination

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eas.ily

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for

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in

(Figure

arm

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the

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the

resis-

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one

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5-2)

5-3).

balance

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of

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or

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The

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resistance

re

lation

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x

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zero.

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when

terms

as

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shown

the

of

calibrated

voltage

measures

in

Figure

across

(1)

an

unknown

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5-1.

the

detector

The

of

Figure

general

bridge

GEN

5-1.

The

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circuit.

Figures

tance

bridgesinwhich

or

unl

ike

PRINCIPLES

GEN

5-2

ond

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5-3.

OF

Circuits

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(right)

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compared.

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reactance,
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of

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adjustable
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the

The

a

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5.1.4 D

capacitor,

sistance

The
procal
in

Figure

8.

Dissipation

in

measures

series

be

expressed

If

both

the

unknown

the

as

it

is

balance

general-purpose

to

AND

An

important

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to

reactanceorof

ratioiscalled

is

storage
5-4intermsofphase

dissipated,

cycle.

sipation

are

Figure

P.ower

factor

less

than

5 -4.Vector

factorsDandQ.and

series

in

orinparallel.

arm

adjacenttothe

the

arm

the

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Conversely,

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parallel

as

discussed

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balances

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only

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componentisthe

when

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ganging

components.

in

termsofeither

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one

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the

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facilitate

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characteristic

often

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diagram

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an

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of

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will

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more

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the

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to
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loss

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tance

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X

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inductive

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we

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choice

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briefly

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physical

expressed,

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Q2)

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summarize

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p

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is

for

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matter

the

of

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distinction

sometimes

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relationships

configuration,
any

given

between

overlooked

frequency,

combinationofresis-

in

Figure

of Figure 5-5

(1

=R

s

= X

(l

s

parallel

become:

wL

s p

R

p

B

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5-5.
are:

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)

capacItIve

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1

every

The

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In Figure

reactance,
susceptance,

Dissipation

power

loss,

factor,

is

Qisalso

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Series

the

PRINCIPLES

Q,ismore

a

measureofthe

small.

and

The

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5-4,RandXare

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of

the

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factor,

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commonly

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voltage

used

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resistors,

Parallel

1650

OF

Components

gives

in

terms

OPERATION

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used

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user

either

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for

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in

which

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conductance

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capacitors.

inductors

caseitis

optionofmeasuring

its

series

resistance

involved.

directly

because

tuned

or

and
and

with

Storage

circuit.

usually

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difference

more

the

it

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between

than

1%.

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difference

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when

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the

Figure

parallel

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reactance

high

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less),

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twice

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no

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Substitution

series
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then

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tution
the

calibration

other

bridge

substitution

with

any

nal,

calibrated,

5.1.5 BRIDGES

nected
conductance
adjusted
ance
Type
accurately

Methods

In

manyacbridges,

or

in

parallel

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the

change

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rechnique

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The

is

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(as

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adjustable

WITH

If

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as

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1633

Incremental-Inductance

measure

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with

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The

madeinthe

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that

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also

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component.

ACTIVE

element,

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of

voltage

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principle

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unknownisconnected

the

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adjustable

before

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magnitudeofthe

adjustable

of

the

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advantage

accuracy

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are

arm

are

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made

of

depends

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this

not

to

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fixed

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be

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with

thanofimped-

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Bridge,

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elements.

after

unknown

compo-

substi-

only

5.1.6 THE TRANSFORMER RATIO-ARM BRIDGE.

Transformer

century

favor

because

accuracies

even

for

ratio

is

ago,

ofafew

transformer

virtually

have

of

certain

unaffected

ratio

recently

parts

ratios

arms,

come

outstanding

per

ofupto

by

age,

introduced

into

advantages.

million

1000to1,

temperature,

almost

considerable

are

possible,

voltage.

Figure

mentary

IS

form.

5-6

showsatransformer

The

balance

condition

bridge

for

capacitance

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the

arm

on

the

The

is

con-

current

the

can

Ratio

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in

ele-

in

on

and

GR

the

a

Figure

of

the

transformer

urements

balance.
across
those

from

where

theydono

capacitances

of

direct
Because
large

capacitances

the

guard

used

for

can

oftenbemeasured

Conventional
three-terminal
cannot

GR

Types

capacitance

at

least
Wagner-type
able

for

On

the

amplifier

5.1.7

LIMITBRIDGES AND COMPARATORS.

In
bridge
of
Type

an

actuates

deviation

1652

adjustable

overawide

ator

indicates
between
this

instrument,
ranges
very

racy

enables

accurately.

of

measurement

scale

rangeifsuitable

5-6

also

bridgetomake

without

the

Capacitances

the

low-impedance
the

L

enter

are

thus

capacitance,

this

type

point,

long

remote

measurement,

measurements

tolerate

0.1

1650

is

fLF

as

and

in

and

Iowan

parallel

guard

use

with

the

Type

1605

Impedance

providesaguard

limit

bridges,

a

meter,

of

one

Resistance

standard

range.

the

the

unknown

the

the

For

the

comparator

accuracy

explains

useofa

from

terminals

the

excluded

Cx'

of

bridge

from

both

cables

in

situ.

bridges

impedancetoguard).

1608

Impedance

withastandard

usually

circuit

GR

Type

the

which

impedance

Limit

resistor,

The

Type

magnitude

and

availability

user

to

instance,

is

of

±0.009%

standards

guard

transformer

are

balance

between

with

can

(although

has

(GR

Comparator

point.

unbalance

1605

an

measure

translated

the

exceptional

three-terminal

circuitorauxiliary

the

H

terminals

winding,

across

expression.

from

the

Hand

can

tolerate

sides

of

the

guard

shields

and

circuit

also

be

they

Bridges,

negligible

Type

716-P4)isavail-

716

Capacitance

voltage

indicates

from

another.

Bridge,

can

which

limit-test

Impedance

and

phase

external

of

standard.

several

small

the

nominal

into

on

the

are

used.

ability

meas-

appear

while

the

detector,

These

measurement

L

terminals.

relatively

unknown

can

capacitances

adapted

generally

On

any

stray

capacitor

effect.

Bridge.

an

electronic

of

the

degree

The

GR

includes

resistors

Compar-

differences

sensitive

differences

±3%

accu-

an

actual

±0.3%

full-

to

be

for

the

of

A

the

On

Figure

bridge

5-6.

with

A

capacitance

transformer

arms.

ratio

5.1.8 THE AUTOMATIC BRIDGE.

The

ultimate

balances

tance

-

capacitance

are
data

itself.

Bridge

se

lecting

The

implications

far-reaching.

into

digital

and

hasabinary-coded

access

to

the

whole

equipment

Speed

is

one

in

The

GR

fully

automates

range,

balancing,

lossindigital

The

and

binary-coded

decimal

modern
printers,
obvious

PRINCIPLES

convenience

Type

of

such

conversion

output)

arsenalofdata-processing

tape-punchers,

byproduct

1680

Automatic

the

balance

and

in-line

automatic

of

form

of

automatic

OF

is

a

bridge

Capaci-

procedure

indicating

form.

measurement

bridge-measured

(the

Type

gives

the

bridge

sorters,

equip-

OPERATION

that

both

1680

etc.

5-3

ment:
secondtoachieve

5.1.9

The

circuits

the
ments
become
hundred
line

pedance

standing-wave
The
instrument

withalongitudinal
electrostatic
slot.

~ampling

and
and,
connectedtothe

standard
primarily

Type

and
vanced

The

justable
coaxial
respectively,

andastandard

that

ance).

valueofthe

The

tance
scribed
ments,
ductance
input-output

is

of

GR's

automatic

balance.

COAXIAL-LINE

Slotted

magnitude

techniques

measurement

positionsofvoltage

from

the

Admittance

Line

The

upper-frequency

using

lumped-parameter

of

and

leads.

unmanageable

megahertz,

are

Oneofthe

of a

coaxial

ratioitintroduces

consisting

probe,

The

probeismoved

the

fieldinside.

this

information,

is

the

on

its

physical
General
874-LBB,

slotted

TheGRType

lines

Radio

highly

line

loopstosample

fed

Meter

in

susceptance.

the

combined

Scales

Transfer-Function

The

Bridge

such

widelyusedtoevaluate
transistors

associated

unknown

GR

Type

is

above

bur

as

and

transsusceptance,

voltage

and

thoseofforward

INSTRUMENTS.

the

residual

The

and

more

basic

deviceisthe

is

best

of a

slot

which

line.Inthis

line

itse

offers

for

general

accurate

available

1602

from a common

the

unknown,astandard

output

directly,intermsofadmittance.

and

1607

similar

also

and

tubesinthe

bridge

corrections

at

satisfactory.

methods

takes

limitofconventional

elements

impedances

for

frequencies

circuits

based

of

measuring

measurement

in

made

byaslotted

length

in

its

enters

along

maxima

the

lf,

and

dimensions.

impedance

Type

UHF

Admittance

the

The
from
with

Immittance

Transfer-Function

to

the

permits

current

the

of

coaxial

outer

conductor

the

line

the

lengthofthe

Thus

are

and

minima
impedanceofan
instrument

its

accuracy

two

slotted

900-LB,

commercially.

currents

themiszero(anull
the

transfer

vhf

flowinginthree

source

loops

three

Bridge

Admittance

four-terminal

and

reverse
trans
ratios.

and

uhf

about

a

the

measurements,

Meter

and

are

loops

impedance,and

characteristics

5.1.10 GENERATORS AND DETECTORS.

Several

detector.

GR

Some

bridges

others-the

include

Types

both

1615,

one-half

bridge

depends

of

the

these

usually

above

the

the

conductance,

generator

a

on

coaxial-

the

uniform

line,

air

and

through

magnitudes

determined

unknown

impedance

depends

lines:

most

uses

terminated,

adjusted

give

and

Meter

measure-

transcon-

This

ranges.

716-C,

of

Immit-

bridge

ele-

few

im-

the

line.

line

the

line,

the

ad-

ad-

so

bal-

the

de-

and
and

on

an

an

716-CSI

1633
measuring
connecting
Unless
carefully
satisfactory
plete
different
all

quency
harmonic
available,
microwave.

detectafew

and
importantinmeasurements
nonlinear

to
procedure.

eous

Amplifier
high
lab.
several
both

about
heterodyne

wide
Type

binations,

10
Detector,
Type

Capacitance

Inductance

one

system,

generatorordetectortothe

GR

bridges

The

stability,

content.

Desirable

1.

High

2.

High

other

elements.

3.

Logarithmic

minimize

4.

Good

pickup.

At

audio

sensitivity
The

Type

megahertz.

the

detectors,

60

MHz. At

frequency

1241

Oneofthe

kHz)

with

1240

Bridges-are

assemblies,

cables,

obtains

choose

measurement

chief

covering

microvolts.

interfering

and

typeofdetectorispreferred,

Detectors

the

is

Generator-Detector

relay

suchacomplete

generator

the

user

include

generator

adequate

A

the

detector

sensitivity,

selectivity,

gain

adjustment

shielding,

frequencies,

Null

Detector

and

1212

extending

these

range

most

Type

the

Type

available

wide

for

Unit

and

operate

1311

Bridges

with

mayattimes

panel

signals.

or

and

generator,

rack,

and

results.

connectors

requirements

power

choice

frequency

characteristics

preferably

to

reject

on

iron-core

nearly

to

prevent

GR's

is

its

general

Null

Detectorisuseful

Crystal

popular

mixers

their

and

excellent

from70kHzto2000

Audio

1232

Tuned

in a

single

Assembly.

the

available

and

other

detector

(Even

bridge,

of

range

This

logarithmic

during

errors

Type

recommended

frequency

higher

shielding.

generator-detector

Oscillator

Amplifier

5.1.11 CONNECTIONS - SHIELDING.

tor

and

are

particularly

low

radio

is

usually
leads,
bridge

cables
nections.

Adequate

detector

securelygroundedtothe

shields,

(Table

ground

frequencies,elecrrostatic

enough;

are
I-I)

connection

leads

are

soathigh

above

necessary.

are

always
frequencies.

a few

detector,

recommended

and

important,

megahertz,

GR's

Types

system,

wishtoconnect

output,

GR

harmonics,

versatility

are

frequencies,

assembly

shie

shie

patch

1632

as

complete

detector,

accessories.

for

are

oscillators

from

are;

the

inter-

he

to

ensure

withacom-

and

almost

such

good

and

audio

ability

noise,

is

particularly

coils

and

response,

the

balancing

from

extran-

1232

Tuned

for

in

available

ranges

because

At

ldingofleads

generator,

for

(50

lded

audio

cords

bridge

of

The

Hz

and

as

genera-

but

coaxial

must

use.)

other

MHz.

and

fre-

low

to

its

the

up

for

the

its

GR

com-

Null

the

they

and

and
and

con-

a

is
to

to

to

to

PRINCIPLES

OF

OPERATION

5-4

5.2

1650

BRIDGE.

This

construction

section

and

discusses

frequency

some

compensation

Bridge.

The
Radio
rheostat

high

accuracy,
rithmic
Radio

tors

are
resistors
precision

variable

precision

uses

range.

Prec

ision

0.1%,
except

General

wire-wound

a

mechanical

and

the

The

Polystyrene

low

temperature

for

the

Radio

bridge

DQ

standard

I-ohm

wire-wound

components

rheostats.

justifying

rheostat

capacitor

Capacitor

coefficient,

ratio

arm

card.

5.2.1 BRIDGE SWITCHING.

The

the

bridge
resistors.
increases
bridges.

out
reduce
silver

sw

itch

so

that

capacitance

contacts

life.

the

Both

The

the

bridge

such

that

it

grounds

standard
the

oneofthe

arm,

.bridgetoform

The
source
When

tions,

and

this

the

appliedacor

CGRL

Clockwise

CGRL

function

switchisin

range

multiplier

endsofthe

the

unused

ensure

circuits.

(1)

selects

and

detector

EXT

dc,

are

MULTIPLIER

by

switching

rotation

value

resistors

across

low

PARAMETER

The

the

unused

(3)

the

rotors,

reverses

LandRorCandGbridges.

switch

circuits

of

for

range

this

switch

actions

correct

sets

for

switch

in
this

the

resistor

can

arm.

resistance

switch

(2)selects

the

bottom

up

the

the

eitherofthe

GEN

terminals,

used

connectedinas

5.2.2 COMPENSATION TECHNIQUES.

To

achieve

wide

ranges,

The

components

with

brief
designations
(Figures

6-6

C2:

caused
(R
with

tive

).

This

N

the
inductance

by

two

C3:

tanceofthe

C4:

tanceofthe

C7

angleofthe

description

stray

and

the

several

used

refer

and

6-9).

This

capacitor

capacitance

capacitor

partsofthe

to

This

capacitor

1-.12

ratio

This

capacitor

10-.12

ratio

C8:

DQ

potentiometer

required

D-Q

compensating

for

this

purpose

of

their

functions.

to

the

schematic

corrects

across

formsathree-terminal

rheostat

balance

out

to

the

compensates

arm

(R5).

compensates

arm

(R6).

These

capacitors

(R

T

accuracy

schemes

for

the

stray

)

details

of

the

are

General

The

mechanism

hasa54-dB

isaGeneral

and

the

metal-film

that

uses

(SlOl)

various

ratio-arm

two-rotor

G,

R,

L,

are

switched

be

grounded

Double,

and

(Sl02)

of

this

switch

rotorsofSlOl

the

two

arms

correct

desired

two

the

operation.

external

for

externally

bridge

internal

over

are

are

listed

Component

wiring

the

CGRL

diagrams

phase

rheostat

T-network

produce

an

capacitance.

for

the

for

the

correct

to

the

compensate

of

the

1650

CGRL

loga-

resis-

a

~%

selects

switch

and

solid-

long

selects

are

and

correct

posi-

source.

such

used.

below,

shift

effec-

induc-

induc-

phase

for

for

the

inductance

this

inductance

high

frequencies,

hasavery

C9: A

of

two

turnsofgrounded

R13

compensates

5.2.3 BRIDGE

The
internalDcells,
100-.12

resistor

tor

on

the

zero,aresistance

The
bridge
the

OSC

C

justing

oscillator.

secondary

LEVEL

the

The

to

amplifier,

selectivity

This

amplifier

ac

null

indication,

suppliedtothe

The

approximately

of

the

would

andinCpand

low Q or

sixth

for

SOURCES

dc

bridge

which

to

a maximumof60

panel

hasasensitivity

of

ac

source

of

the

control

voltage

ac

detector

which

uses

whenonthe

drives

side

ac

oscillator

10

mA

winding.

cause

an

high

D.

compensating

wire

the

stray

AND DETECTORS.

supply

is

supply about

75-.12,

andashaped

isaI-kHz

The

output

4-to-l

step-down

adjusts

across

and

is

the

panel

the

a

four-transistor,

a

twin-TRC

AC

INTERNAL1kHz

panel

the

output

DET

and

from

the

Without

errorinCsand

Lswhen

about

capacitance

taken

capacitor

the

from

6 V

mAo

of

2 fLA/mm

compensation,

Lpat

the

unknown

consisting

l-M.12

resistor

across

limited

the

R13.

four

by a

Thedcindica-

near

characteristic.

transistor

voltage

transformer.

output

transformer

is

about

voltage

primary.

RC

by

Wien-

1 V

The

ad-

variable-gain

filter

to

obtain

position.

metertoprovideavisual

from

the

amplifier

phone

detector

internal

jack.

combined

6-V

draw

battery.

at

is

of

5.2.4 ORTHONULL.

Orthonull
the

bridge

or

highDcapacitors

with

such

due

to

the

pendence
possible
balance
ing

with

but

bridge

The

bridge

can

isamechanical

balance

components

"sliding

of

the

two

Orthonull,

which

accuracy

bridge

be

output

expressed,

convergence

are

measured.

are

tedious

null"

resulting

adjustments.

which

does

does

help

avoid

for

lowQmeasurements.

voltage

asinthe

device

when

Ordinarily,

and

from

Rapid

not

false

for

the

equation

that

low Q

often

inductors

impossible

the

balances

affect

electrical

nulls,

Ls(Maxwell)

of

improves

balances

interde-

are

improv-

Figure

5-7.

R

VARIED

N

x

Figure

1lI<:::=---------

5 - 7.

LociofRNandRTadjustments

__

R

onZplane.

PRINCIPLES

OF

OPERATION

5-5

x

2.011-------

1.8

1.6

1.4

Figure

We

will
constant
the

difference
jWLxand
The

bridge

which

plane.

varied
(the

An

bridge

both

is

To

by

DQ

adjustment

impedance,

parts,
impedance.
impedance

....

------l_-~

IDEALIZED BALANCING

5 -8.Lociof"sliding

assume

in

what

the

dial)

that

the

region

between

can

output

distance

balance

adjustment

untilitequals

of

RTvaries

the

of

be

called

is

proportional

the

bridge,

of

whereas

denominator

the

null.

the

unknown

the

between

the

RN(the

the

only

an

adjustment

andisthereforeamultiplier

Thus,

adjustment

horizontally

on

of

the

LOCI

a =

null"

The

impedance

"bridge

to

them

bridge
CGRL
unknown

the

RTmoves

complex

1650.'21

1/2

balance.

is

more or

numerator

impedance."
this
on

the

impedance

dial)

impedance.

real

partofthe

of

of

plane,

less

R

x

difference,

complex

and

RNvaries

the

bridge

the

bridge

while

adjustment
controlisadjusted

ments
possible.
becomes
inga"sliding
Q =

Y2.

orthogonal

From

mained

partofthe
RTis
real
permit
ence

ratio

in RNfor

+

may

rheostats

rithmic

is

potentiometer
added

is

R

CGRL
to

T

11,

action,

The

pulley

by

the

possible

of

RNmovesitradially

When

X»R

are

almost

When Q

more

parallel

With

smaller

The

Orthonull

by

the

equation

constant

bridge

adjusted,

part.

The

nonreciprocal

in

friction

favor

torque

The

ratio

any

initial

be

moved

with

dials).

with

when

the

rheostat

and

linearbelow 1.

the

CGRL

The

Orthonull

clutch

action

drivenbythe

switch

for

on

high-Q

(Figure
for a minimum
(i.e.,

Qishigh)

orthogonal,

is

low,

and

null",

as

Q's,

shown
convergence

device

nonreciprocally

it

is

apparent

as

RNwas

impedance

RNmust

solution

action.

of

the

two

transmission

RN/RTmust

settings

independently

exponential

The

DQ

rheostat

the

correct

Lsand

is

exponential

dial

Cpbridges

mustbein

voltage.

these

and

rapid

however,

convergence

in

Figure

makes

the

ganging

that

varied,

would

not

only

change.

move

isasimple

Both

the

rheostats

in

the

be

constant

of

RNand

of

RN.

characteristics

isa54-dB

initial

in

the

Thus,

for

the

range

to

desired

dial

correct

mechanismisshowninFigure
is
wire

the

(low-D)

between

belt.

panel

the

The

clutchisdisengaged

so

that

normal

components.

wire

5-7).

Each

two

adjust­convergence
theadjustment

is

slow,

caus-

5-8,

where

is

even

slower.

two

adjustments

RNand

if

RN/RTre-

the

imaginary

But

when

vary

only

mechanism

inherent

and

the

differ­pulley

direction.

for

variation

RT,

since

This

requires

(and

loga-

exponential

resistance

are

used.

range

from 1

Orthonull

above

l.

and

the

operation

R

T

the

R

(R3)

The

6-2.

free

is

•

to

T

is

PRINCIPLES

OF

OPERATION

5-6

6.1

WARRANTY.

We

warrant

and

sold

by

workmanship

in

full

accordance

periodoftwo

ment or
period
our
personne
without
given

component

nottomeet

factory,

I wi11be

charge,

normal

that

us

and

years

District

except

service.

Section

each

new

instrument

is

free

from

defects

that,

properly

with

applicable

after

original

that

is

found

these

standards

Office,orauthorized

repaired

for

tubes

or,atour

6-Service

manufactured

in

material

used,itwill

specifications

shipment.

within
after

examination

option,

or

batteries

Any

the

repair

perform

two-year

agency

replaced

that

and

for a

instru-

have

by

and

6.3

MINIMUM

The

given

so
isinproper
bridge,
have
(READ
Table
these
bration
equipment

(2)

been

6-2

checks

procedures

Maintenance

PERFORMANCE

eighteen

thatitcanbedetermined

working

afteraperiodofnon-use,or(3)

madetothe

column)

lists

plus

connectedina

checks

condition

are

not

the

recommended

the

given

bridge.

equipment

met,

later.

block

listed

refer

STANDARDS.

(1)onreceipt

If

needed

Figure

diagram

in

that

any

to

test

Table

the

paragraph

6-1

form.

6-1

instrument

of a

new

after

repairs

specifications

6.4.

equipment

for

the

cali-

shows

are

for

the

6.2

SERVICE.

The

two-year
qualityofmaterials
When

difficulties
assist
be
tions,
(see
andofsteps
the

for
nearest
Tag.
identification.

in

any

eliminated

please

rear

cover),

type

and

Before

service,

District

Useofthis

way

by

write

taken

serial

returning

please

Office,

For

warranty,apurchase

unnecessarydelay.

warranty

and

do

occur,

possible.

useofthe

or

giving

to

stated

workmanship

our

If

following

phone

full

information

remedy

numbersofthe

an

instrument

writetoour

requestingaReturned

tag

will

ensure

instruments

or.der

shouldbeforwardedtoavoid

service
the

our

Service

it.

Be

instrument.

Service

proper

not

above

attestS

in

our

products.

engineers

difficulties

service

Department

of

the

suretomention

to

General

Department

Material

handling

covered

the

will

cannot

instruc-

trouble

Radio

and

by

the

GR

274-NQM

PATCH

CORD

EXT

GEN

GR

BIAS

G

DET

OR

BETWEEN

lOW

GR

1560-P95

PATCH

CORD

or

Figure

6 -1.Test

1"----------------/'-------

setup

UNKNOWN

AND

CASE

for

service

SERVICE

1650-8

IMPEDANCE

BRIDGE

I

(INTERNAL

I

I

and

maintenance

AND

MAINTENANCE

MEASUREMENT)

----

of

1650-B.

6-1

-

----"\"

ACCURACY

TABLE

AND

OPERATIONAL

6-1

CHECKS

EXTERNAL
STANDARD

GR

Cat. No.

1440-9601
1440-9601
1440-9111
1440-9621
1440-9631
1440-9641
1440-9651
1440-9631

1440.9661 1 M

in

1409-9706

Value

H2

10. R

100. R

1000. R
lkD

kD

10

100kD

lkD

parallel

with

.001,uF

<1

}

1440.9661 1 Mil }

in

parallel

1409-9706 .001,uF
1409-9706 .001,uF C

1409-9706
1409-9712
1409-9720

1409-9720

in

series

1440-9621 100

1409-9720

in

1440-9621 100

parallel

with

.001,uF
.01
.1

.1

with

.1I'F }

with

0.

,uF

,uF C

I'F

0.

}

CGRL

SEL Switch
R

R
R
R

G
C

s

C

s

s

C

s

C

s
s

C

s

C

p

Function

INT

1 kHz 100

INT

1 kHz 10.

INT

1 kHz

INT

1 kHz
INT6V
INT6V
*EXT
INT

1 kHz

INT

1 kHz 100

INT

1 kHz 1 nF D = mustbewithin

**EXT
**EXT
**EXT
**EXT

**EXT

**EXT

CGRL

200 V

MULT

mD

lOD

10M2 R =

lkD

10

kD

100kD

lmU

pF

r= 10.3, ±1/2

Read

R = 10,±1div
R =1,±1/2
R =1,±1/2

1,

±1/2
R =1,±1/2
R =1,±1/2
R c1,±1/2d
G =1,±1/2

D = note reading

(about 0.159)

r= 1.03. ±1/2

1/3

div

reading above
1 kHz 100 pF
1 kHz 1 nF
1 kHz 10 nF C=1,±1/2div
1 kHz 100 nF

4 kHz 100 nF

4 kHz 100 nF

C=10,±ldiv
C=

1,±1/2div

C=

1,±1/2div

{c

= 1,

D = 0.251,

{c

=

'.

D = 3.98,

±1

±1

div
div
div
div RlO
div

iv

div

di'

di'

of

di,

±3/4

div

di'

±3/4

div

Bridge Components in Circuit

RB

RA

R5,C3
R6,C4
R7
R8

Rll
R13,C9
R7

R13,C9 DO,

R11

R13,C9
R11
RlO
R9

R9

R9

or RT,

R4
R4
R4
R4
R4
R4
R4
R4

DO,

DO,

DO,
DO,Cl
DO,Cl

DO,Cl

R3,

DO,

Cl

G1
Cl

Cl

C1

CT

RI\!

CGRL
CGRL
CGRL
CGRL
CGRL
CGRL
CGRL
CGRL

CGRL

CGRL
CGRL

CGRL
CGRL
CGRL

CGRL

CGRL

1482-9712
1482-9712

* From external power supply.

**

From external

100
100

mH
mH

signal

source.

INT

L

s

L

p

1 kHz 100 mH L =1,±1/2div

INT

1 kHz

100mH

L=

1,±1/2div

R8

R8

R3,

DO,

DO,

Cl

Cl

CGRL
CGRL

SERVICE

AND

MAINTENANCE

6-2

TABLE

RECOMMENDED TEST

6-2

EQUIPMENT"

NAME

IMPEDANCE BRIDGE

AUDIO

SIGNAL

SOURCE

FREQUENCY METER

ELECTRONIC

DISTORTION

VOLTMETER

AND

NOISE METER

DC

POWER

STANDARD

STANDARD

STANDARD

SUPPLY

CAPACITORS

INDUCTOR

RESISTORS

ADAPTOR CABLE

(3 required)
PATCH CORD
EXTERNAL

DETECTOR

MINIMUM

Range:

USE

SPECIFICATIONS

30.0to16kll.

Accuracy: ±0.3%
Range:

Accuracy: ±2
Amplitude: 3 V

Range:
Accuracy: ±2

Input Resistance:

900 - 1100Hzand

Hz.

rms.

900

- 1100Hzand
Hz.

.::.

20 kD.

4 kHz.

4 kHz.

Accuracy: ±2%.

Frequency

Amplitude

Distortion

Range:
Range:

Range:

900 - 4000
0 - 5 V

0 -

10%

second-

Hz.

rms.

and-third-harmonic distortion.

Distortion Accuracy: ±5%.
Frequency
Amplitude
Noise

Range:0to

Range:
Range:

(0.775

900 - 1100

1.5 - 5 V

-58 dBm
to

0.001 V

Hz.

rms.

Noise Accuracy: ±5%.
Output

Voltage: 200 V.
Accuracy: ±20%.
Output

0.001

0.01

0.1

Current: 3 mA.

VALUE

f-L

f-L

F

f-L

F

ACCURACY

F

±0.5%
±0.5%
±0.5%

100 mH ±0.1%

1

.0

10.0

100.0
kD

1

kD

10

100kD

MD

1

Double plug

to

telephone plug.

±0.02%
±0.01%
±0.01%
±0.01%
±0.01%
±0.01%
±0.01%

Double-plug, right-angle patch cord.
Response

at 1 kHz.

rms)

RECOMMENDED

EQUIPMENT**

(Federal Stock Number)

GR Type 1608 Impedance Bridge

GR

Type 1310 Oscillator

GR Type 1142 Frequency Meter

and
Discriminator (6625-099-4059)
GR

Type

1191

Counter

GR

Type 1806 Electronic Voltmeter

(6625-832-8956)

HP

Model 331-A Distortion Analyzer

KEPCO Power Supply Model ABC 200 M

GR Type 1409-F
(6625-629-1983)

GR

Type 1409-L
(6625-585-4053)
GR

Type 1409-T
(6625-585-4051 )

GR

Type 1482-L
(6625-556-8584)

GR

Type 1440-9601
GR

Type 1440-9611
GR

Type 1440-9621
GR

Type 1440-9631
GR Type 1440-9641
GR Type 1440-9651
GR

Type 1440-9661
GR Type 1560-P95

GR

Type 0274-9892
GR

Type 1232

(6625-873-6684)

" Instruments recommended

"*

Or Equivalent.

for

minimum-performance standards

and

trouble analysis.

SERVICE

AND

MAINTENANCE

6-3

T E

ABL

6-3

TROUBLE-ANALYSIS

GUIDE

CIRCUIT

Oscillator

Detector

Batteries

Meter

Bridge 6.4.5, 6.6.4 (DO dial),

Note that

6.4

TROUBLE

DETAI

6.6.6.

6.6.7 in

6.5.1

6.4.3 in

6.6.5 (CGRL dial), 6.6.8

an

equivalent, external

LED

INFORMATION

(Paragraph)

ANALYSIS.

SERVICE

circuit

6.4.1 PRELIMINARY CHECKS.

If

impossible
checks

1.

2.

Large

inductors

3.

4.

closed?

5.

should

6.

7.IsDET

8.

satisfactory

to

first:

Is

the

unknown

Is

the

Are

all

Are

the

Insertaplug

Is

theDso

be

used?

Is

OSC

Are

the

obtain,

can

unknown

look

the

panel

BIAS

LEVEL
SENS

batteries

measurements

make

the

component

what

it

like

capacitors

switches

and

EXT

and

short

high

(Q

so

control

control

on?

on?

correctlyinplace?

6.4.2 TROUBLE-ANALYSIS GUIDE.

The

Type

1650

Impedance

five

major

circuits,

one

or

more

AC

EXTERNAL

out

(use

signal source)

canbesubstituted

are

difficult

following

connected

is

correctly?

thought

at1kHz.

set

properly?

DQ

jack

switches

the

plugtocheck.

low)

that

Orthonull

Bridge

of

incorporates

which

FUNCTION

AC

external

in in

(external

used)

in

indicator

for

allofthe major circuits, except the bridge circuit.

switched
tailedinTable

or

external

to

be?

6.4.3

may
output,

If

the

tion

of

detector

batteries

mentorby
In

the

DC

EXTERNAL.

faulty.

external

can

be

etc)tothe

SWITCH

INTERNAL

1

kHz
in

in

in

may

be

in in

out

by

means

6-3.

NO

METER INDICATION.

No

meter

indication,

be

due

to

weakordead

poor

detector

trouble

The

the

are

or

batteries

persists

function

switched

the

meter

substitution

latter

case,

If

The

meter

can

indicator

DET

(earphones,

jack.

SETTING

DC

INTERNAL

6V
out out

out

in

in in

of

the

function

oralow

batteries,

sensitivity,

in

the

DC

switch

out),

(where
the

circuit.

canbechecked

ofanexternal

set

the

bridge

the

be

trouble

chec

persists,

ked

ac

DC

power supply)

out

power supply)

out

power supply)

in

switch

meter

low

or a

faulty

INTERNAL

the

oscillator

fault

is

in

either

dc

power

function

by

connection

meter,

oscilloscope,

EXTERNAL

(use

external

(use

external

(use

external

as

indication,

oscillator

meter.

6 V posi-

either

by

replace-

supply.

switch

the

meter

of

de-

and

the

to

is

an

MEASUREMENT

SERVICE AND

A
B
C

D

E
F
G
H
I

MAINTENANCE

MEASUREMENTS

STANDARD

HI

lD
100D
100D

10

kD

10

kD

lMD

0.1

fJ-

0.1

fJ-

6-4

F
F

TABLE

GENERAL

RADIO

CAT. NO.

1440-9601
1440-9601
1440-9621
1440-9621
1440-9641
1440-9641

1440-9661
1409-9720
1409-9720

FOR

CALIBRATION

6-4

BRIDGE

CIRCUIT

RAC
RAC
RAC
RAC
RAC
RAC

RAC
Cs
Cs

CHECK

MUL

RANGE

TIPLIER

SETTING

mD

100

lD

10ft

100D

D

1 k

kD

10

kD

100
100 nF

f-LF

1

FAULTY

COMPONENT

R5
R6
R7

R8
Rl0
Rll
R13

Cl

(both

and R9)

R9

6.4.4 NOISY

Noisy

contamination

rheostats.

ance

Bridgeisidle

remedied

OR

ERRATIC BALANCES.

or

erratic

of

the

Contamination

by

rotationofthe

balances

wire-wound

can

foranextended

controls

6.4.5 MEASUREMENT ERRORS.

Measurement

circuit

series
standard
needed

components,

of

measurements

resistors

for

these

1. When

faulty

componentislistedinTable

2.

When

error,

R4isoutoftolerance.

3.

When

error,

Clisoutoftolerance.

4.

When

CGRL

rheostat

5.

When

the

CGRL

dial

errorateither1or

6.

When

all

the

fixed

erance,

10

and

settings;

the

the

between1and

errors

which

and

measurements.

anyone

all

resistance

both

capacitance

all

measurements

isiner,ror.

all

measurements

areinerror,

10.

all

measurements

components

CGRL

CGRL

10.

are

can

listed

one

measurement

the

of

the

rheostat

rheostat

maybeduetosurface

CGRL

formifthe

due

standard

be

in

and

period

several

to

faulty

located

Table

is

DQ

1650

and

times.

with

6-4.

capacitor

in

error,

control

Imped-

can

bridge-

6-4.

measurements

measurements

are

in

at

either

CGRL

are

bridge

is

still

rheostat

within

are

correctatthe1and

maybeincorrect

are

are

error,

1 or

tolerance,

within

Four

10

is

the

are

the

10

the

on

tol-

be

10

in

6.5 REPAIR NOTES.

6.5.1

BATTERY

The

1650-B

D

cells,

which

with

normal
somewhat
sensitiv

decrease

reduced

ity

and

Foraquick
CHECK
meter

reads

To

a.

position

replace
Unscrew

sideofthe

b.

Remove

c.

Remove

fiber

tube

(refertoinstructions

d.

Observe

tube

and

insert

e.

Replace

f.

Reinstall

g.

Tighten

6.5.2 ETCHED

For

access

6-2,

remove

in

place

and

board

one

turn.

REPLACEMENT.

Impedance

will

use.

will

decrease,

have

increased

of

low,

replace

the

the

case

(Figure

the

the

the

the

the

the

CIRCUIT

to

the

two

loosen

Tilt

last
The
battery

check

the

GENERATOR

the

battery

two

1-4).

instrument

old

polarity

new

batterycells.

tube

the

instrument

four

the

etched

screws

the

two

the

board

Bridgeispoweredbyfour

for

over

500

hours'

instrument

voltage,

and

the

can

but

oscillator

operate

the

distortion.

of

the

battery,

use

switch.
batteries.
cells:

No.

10-32

screws

from

the

case.

batterycelIs

on

markings

between

No.

10-32

tube).

the

in

the

screws.

from

on

contacts.

case.

REMOVAL.

circuit

holding

screws

outasin

showninFigure

the

topofthe

at

the

bottomofthe

Figure

operation

with

detector

leve1will

the

BAT

If

the

from

each

the

black

the

fiber

board

6-2.

RI

ETCHED

CIRCUIT-

ASSEMBLY

(FIGU

RE

6-3)

ORTHONUll

ADJUSTMENT

MECHANISM

5103

6 - 2.

TI

7

Interior

viewof1650-B

J5

5101

qp

DETECTOR AMPLIFIER

Figure

5102

JIOI

Bridge.

SERVICE

AND

MAINTENANCE

6-5

6.6

CALIBRATION

PROCEDURE.

6.6.1 GENERAL.

The

few

normally

do
readjustment
only

when

internal

not

are

rhe

require

included

operator

adjustments

readjustment.

here,

is

reasonably

readjustmentisnecessary.

6.6.2 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED.

The

calibration

'equipment

proceduresislistedinTable

necessarytoperform

6.6.3 ORTHONULL OPERATION.

With

the

switchinthe

and

DQ

dials

must

operate

With

the

leverinthe
CGRL
musr
ferent
dial

rension
the
(F

6.6.4

CGRL

fully

a

of
the
rheostat
counterclockwise,
measures

dial

must

not

move

and

DQ

doesn't

is

incorrect.

metal

igure

Set

DQ

bracket

6-2).

DIAL.

the

PARAMETER

counterclockwise

de

resistance

the

BIAS

bridge

in

to

series

only

move

the

dial

move

the

function

bridge

terminals

measure

its

the

resistance

31.90D±0.96D,after
tance.

If

the

indicationisabnormal

CGRL

moves

DQ

under

switch

with

resistance

OUT

independentlyofeach

ORTHONULL

the

DQ

dial;ifperformance

the

CGRL

dial,

Adjusr

tension

the

switch

to

(50onHIGJDscale).

between

at

jackJ4.

only

the

R3.

With

of

allowance

are

but

should

position,

dial

but

dialorthe

the

ORTHONULL

by

OR

THONULL

to

POWER

C ,

and

ground

This

resistance

the

is

zero

R3,

which

for

bridge

and:

factory

set

Procedures

be

certain

the

following

6-2.

the

position,

the

DQ

repositioning

OFF,

the

DQ
Connect

and

either

setup

of

the

DQ

dial

and

the

should

lead

and

for

used

thar

CGRL

other.

the

dial

is

dif-

CGRL

wire

switch

the

dial

one

allows

DQ

fully

bridge

resis-

valueistoo

or

resistance

the

atasetting
rion
remove
bushing.
install

6.6.5 CGRL

but
This
tween
measured

kilohms,asin

DO DIAL
(HIGH

50
20

10

be

Resistanceiseither

(1)
(2)

1.

Resistance

IS

too

high.

2.

Resistance

is

too

Clisleaky.

Set

the

DQ

dial

to

shouldbe79.70

DQ

dial

on

its

shaft

until

as

given

the

the

Keep

change

connecrs

ground

of 20.

knob
Turn
parts.

DIAL

the

the

and

should

in

Table

and

the

function

CGRL

the

equal

Table

Then

loosen

dial

CHECK.

CGRL

the

BIAS

the

6-6.

6-5.

PARAMETER

TABLE 6 5

DO DIAL CALIBRATION

RESISTANCE

D)

(OHMS)

31.90

79.70

159.20

5

2

1

0.5

0.2

0.1

DO rheostatisoutoftolerance.

C7orC8isleaky.

319.00

797.00

1592.00

3190.00

7970.00

15920.00

too

highortoo

high

- R3 is

low - R3

20 on HIGH D

D.Ifnecessary,

the

resistance

check

to

switch

the

the

the

To

two

new

set

reposition

set

to

PARAMETER

terminals.

settingofthe

-

TOLERANCE (±3%)

30.94

slip DO dial

154.40

309.43

773.09

1544.24

3094.30

7730.90

15442.40

low:

openorirs

valueistoo

scale.

reposition

is

79.70D

DQ

dial

calibra-

the

screws

position

and

POWER

switch

rheosrat

The

resistance

CGRL

(OHMS)

to

32.86

for

exact reading

to

163.98

to

328.57

to

820.91

to

1639.76

to

3285.70

to

8209.10

to

16397.60

on

OFF,

to

dial

low

The

dial,

the

re-

L

be-

'

p

in

SERVICE

AND

MAINTENANCE

CGRL

DIAL RESISTANCE

READING

2.6

1.6

1.0

0.52

0.06

4.0

6.5

10.0

6-6

IN

OHMS

2600

1600
1000

520

4000
6500

10000

60

TABLE 6 6

-

DIAL CALIBRATION ADJUSTMENTS

TOLERANCE

RANGEINOHMS

2574to2626

1584to1616

990

to

55

1010

to
to

515

3960to4040
6435to6565
9900to10100

1/4
1/4

±

1%
1%
1%

div
div

1%
1%

1%

525

65

ADJUST

CAM

SCREW

5
4
3
2

1
6
7
8

If

the

resistances

dials

operate

and

proceedtoparagraph

CGRL
abnormal,
mechanism
mechanical
screws
(Figure
direction
them

for

justifying

the

must

justifying
located
6-2),

as

the

proper

properly,

CGRL

be

on

numbered

indicated

6-6.

Vernier
planetary
knob

rotation.

spring

gearina

combination

solid

metal).

ring

slides

used,

the

stops

the

internal

drive.

drive

witha7:1

It

consists

triangular

of

three

When a

inside

cork

the

ringissimilartoan

rotation

reduction

gears
essarytodisassemble
procedures

describedinthis

6.6.6 OSCILLATOR.

Set

the

function

and

the

OSC

LEVEL

Use

the

Csbridge
UNKNOWN
full

cwo

measurement

the

collector

stage-by-stage

If

operation

terminals.

Perform

of

of

QI03

voltage

the

are

disconnect

6.6.6.

mechanism.
rheostat

readjusted.

mechanism

the

rear

from 1to8

in

resistances

The

outside

coarse

metal

of

the

to

these

switch

control

with

The

the

checks

output

and

ground.

is

found

check

within

tolerance

the

If

resistance

the

mechanical

The

CGRL

consists

of

the

CGRL

inaclockwise

the

figure.

as

CGRL
reduction
of

two

To

indicated

dial

hasavernier

overa90-degree

solid

gears

configuration

rings

(gear,

setting

ring.

is

When

made,

engaged
outside
rotate.

rings,
It

will

gearsinanyofthe

instruction

to

to

nothing

CGRL

listed

of

the

to

be

of

manual.

AC

INTERNAL1kHz

its

full

connected

control

in

oscillator

abnormal,

the

transistors

and

readings

justifying

rheostat

of

eight

rheostat

adjust,

in

and

centered

cork,

the

the

vernier

clutch
leaving
notbenec-

cw

position.

should

Table

between

perform

the

bridge

are

cam

set

Table

one

in

and

cork

and

the

service

to

the

6-7

(refer

is

be
by

Figure

to

Table
panel
transistor

6.6.7 DETECTOR.

a

UNKNOWN

shorting

Y2

division

EXT
sets

up

a

the

external

r--o__----,

6 -3.Schematic

6-8).

meter

voltages.

To

check

PARAMETER
GENERATOR
CGRL
DQ
MULTIPLIER
DET

Continue

a.

Connect

terminals.

b.

Short

plug.

duetonoise.

c.

Connect

GEN

jack.

the

circuitofFigure

d.

UseaI-KHz

oscillator's

(BAT

the

SENS
with

out

The

Turn

HI GH

16kn

IOOkn

LOW

In

Check

CHECK

detector,

the
a

the

null

an

external

the

for

checking

the

set

C

AC
Full
Full
100
Full

following

100-kD

EXT

meter

Remove

CGRL

6-3.

external

level

the

battery
position)

the

controls

s

EXTERNAL

ccw
ccw

fJ-F

cw

procedure:

resistor

GEN

should

the

oscillator

control

oscillator

control

detector

voltage

before

as

between

terminals

deflect

shorting

(1

kHz)tothe

full

so

thereis3 V

circuit.

with

follows:

less

plug.

cwo

and

1650-9

the

reading

the

with

than

This

adjust

a

OSCILLATOR

MEASUREMENT

Frequency:

1000 Hz,

Output voltage:

at least 2.7 volts rms

Distortion:

less

than 2.5%

±20

Hz

TABLE

PERFORMANCE

6-7

CHECK

REMARKS

If

frequencyisincorrect, check

of

the values
C102 and C103.

Measure
clockwise.

Low

outputorexcessive

may

be

to

paragraph 6.5.1).Ifthe batteries

are normal, R107

cI

ipped

LEVEL

R101, R102, R103,

with

OSC

LEVEL

duetowea

outtoincrease the

slightly.

k batteries (refer

or

R108 may

fully

distortion

be

OSC

TABLE

NOMINAL

TRANSISTOR

0151

0152
0153
0154
0101
0102
0103

*Measurement Conditions:

full

cw,

GENERATOR
measurements made
VOLTMETER between component and ground; all voltages
are

positive. Voltages may vary ±1

TRANSISTOR

COLLECTOR

(VOLTS) (VOLTS)

4.6 2.2 1.6

0.52

5.0 0.52 0.0

2.7 5.2 5.9

0.6 4.3 5.0

3.3 0.6 0.0

0.13 4.6 5.4

switch at AC

with

GR Type

SERVICE AND

DET

6-8

VOL

BASE

0.52 0.0

SENS

full

INTERNAL

1806

ELECTRONIC

0%.

MAINTENANCE

TAGES*

ccw,

OSC

EMITTER

(VOLTS)

LEVEL

1kHz;

6-7

rms

between
bridge.
should

OSC
and
the
deflection.

frequency

causeatleast

e.

LEVEL
the
amplifier

If

INTERNAL1kHz

backistoo

20 kf2.
SI03
wire,
band.Ifthey

If

check

The

should

which

the

amplifierisinoperative,astage-by-stage

shouldbemade

the

This

puts

TurntoAC

for

case

of

and

If

it

and

the

the

detector

great.

green

be

is

the

are

HIGH

terminal

30

J-LV

rms

a

2-division

INTERNAL1kHz

0.5Vrms

the

bridge.

should

doesn't,

peak

position,itcould

RI55

and

routed

shielded

too

close,

between

cause

it

can

amplifier

amplifier

shouldbeincreased

brown

away

cable

the

(Table

6-8).

into

This

amplifier

from

and

the

the

amplifier,

meter

the

puts

5

at

leastaI-division

be

that

response

oscillates

with

amplifier

the

the

don't

be

output

amplifier

case

deflection.

and

adjust

HIGH

terminal

J-LV

rms

the

oscillator

coincide.

in

the

that

the

to

perhaps

wires

brown

plastic

may

oscillate.

voltage

of

which

into

feed-

input

the

the

AC

CAUTION

Do

not

pull

on

the

dial

to

remove

dial/knob

the

knob

knob

not

pry

driver

attempt

b.

Observe
bushing,
full

at

off

PARAMETER

for

washer,

ccw

the

the

c.

shaft.

DQ

d.

with

position

Re

bushings.

Remove

behind

assembly.

first.

and

the

or

to

respect

lease

UseaNo.10Allen
and

the

To

other

partsofthe

knob

similar

twist

the

of a

the

and

flat

the

position

to

any

continuous

setscrew

MULTIPLIER

retain

dial/knob

avoid

loose

tool,

knob from

panel

the

assembly,

Always

damagetothe

control,

withascrew-

and

the

of

the

setscrew

markings

control).

and

pull

wrench

bushings

blacknylon

remove

do

do

not

dial.

(oratthe

the

for

the

andaNo.

as

appropriate.

a

in

bushing

CGRL

thrust

the

~

6.6.8

INTERNAL

Use

the

voltage

the

rangeof0.9Vto

6.6.9

signed

R4toRI4.

the

PLIER

terminals.

dials.
Trouble-shooting

checked,
be
(R4toRI4).

rect,besure

between

oscillator

FINAL

The

to:

1.

2.

CGRL

switches

3.

1.

Since
incorrect

caused

2.IfR

measurements

Check

Check

PARAMETER,

Recheck

GENERATOR.

setupofFigure

the

level

1.1

ACCURACY/OPERATIONAL

the

the

continuity

and

the

notes:

the

readings

by

the

ratio

DC

INTERNAL

the

NULL

6.7 KNOB REMOVAL.

If

it

should

a

front-panel

been

damaged

proceedasfollows:

a.

Grasp

into

the

panel

pull

the

knob

be

control,

or

the

(or

the

straight

to

knob

6-3

HIGH

terminal

full

cwitshould

V.

given

accuracy

and

function,

the

EXT

accuracy

DQ

and

CGRL

on

any

resistor,

6 V

meteriszeroed.

necessary

either

replace

indicator
away

to

the

firmly

dial,ifapplicable),

from

and

in

of

the

GEN

of

range

R

to

remove

replace

associated

with

the

measure

and

the

be

Table

ratio

proper

and

CGRL

and

the

DQ

dials

will

for

,

A

readings

the

fingers,

pane

1.

the

case.

within

CHECK.

6-1

are

resistors,

operation

MULTI-

UNKNOWN

and

have

ordinarily

that

are

the

knob

one

that

control,

rms

With

the

de-

CGRL

been

range

incor-

has

close

and

on

of

To

if

bined

tapaturnortwo

sufficient

6.8 KNOB

To

a.

the

control

b.
slotted
panel

respect
screw
(paragraph

tion

slightly
the

pieceofwrapping
clearance.
c.

with

Make
not
knob

d.

spring

e.

grooveinthe

If

comes

notchthat
wall.

notch.

separate

for

any

off

the

reason

the

instrument,

grip

for

INSTALLATION.

installaknob

Place

the

black

shaft,ifappropriate.

Mount

the

bushing

Orient

to

Place

Push

to

the

panel-marking

the

6.7c).

sure

protrude

won't

the

opposite

the

check

the

rete

loose,

It wi11not

the

setscrew

appropriate

that

the

through

bottom

knobonthe

the

knobinuntilitbottoms

that

the

bushing.

ntion

reinstall

has

NOTE

bushing

they

should

driveamachine

into

the'

easy

separation.

assembly

nylon

on

the

paperasa

index

hex-socket

NOTE

endofthe

the

properly.

bushing

setscrew.

retention

NOTE

spring

it

the

thinslitinthe

mount

from

the

knob,

be

bushing

on

the

control

thrust

washer

shaft,

usingasmall

shim

on

the

bushing

and

lock

shaft

bushing

in

in

or

with

springisseated

the

the

interior

in

the

com-

for a

for

key

does

the

the

and

kn ob

side

other

shaft:

over

the

adequate

with

the

set-

wrench

reten-

pull

it

in

SERVICE

AND

MAINTENANCE

6-8

From

Fecl.ral

(NometoCod.)

FEDERAL

Supply

and H4-2

MANUFACTURERS

Code

for

Manufacturers

(Code

to Home)assupplement.d

CODE

Cataloging

HandbooksH.....

through

June,

l

1967.

Monufactur~rs

Cod.

Jones

ooln

00194

Aerovox

00056

Alden

01009

Allen-Bradley.

01121

Texas

012%
02114

02606

Amphcnol

02660
02768

G. E.

03508

Grayburne,

03636

Pyrofilm

03888

Clairex

03911

Arrow,

04009

Motorola

04713

05170

Barber-Colman

05624

Wakefield

05820
07127

Avnet

07261
07263

07387

Birtcher
American

07595

Bodine

07828

Bodine

07829

Continental

07910
07983

Stare

Amph~lIul

07999

Vema

08730
09213

General
Burgess

09823

Burndy

09922

Chandler

11599

12498

Teledyn

12672

12697

Dickson

12954

13327

Solitrone

lIT

14433
14655
14674

General

14936

1523~

15605

160.37
19701

213.35
24446
24454
24455
24655

26~00

21:)520

28~5Y

10~74

12001

Jensen

.35929

~'i~42

3~44.1

40911
42190
424%

4.l991

4!liR

Home and

Mfg.

Co.,

Walsco

Ferroxcube

Fenwal

Fastex

Engineered

Eagle

Fairchild

Labs

line

RCA

Commercial

Clarostat

Semiconductors,W.Palm
Cornell
Coming

ITT,

Semiconductor

Cutler-Hammer
Spruce
Elel:tra
Fafnir
G. E.
G.

E.,

G. E.
General
Amencan
Hayman
Hoffman
International

Constanta

P.R.MalloI)'
Marlin-ROl:kwell
Huneywell
Muter
National
i\'orma-Hoffman

RCA, New

Raytheon

Chicago,

Electronics

Corp.,

New

Products

Co.,

Co.,

Instruments,

Corp.ofAmenca,

Saugerties,N.Y.

Lab.

Inc.,

Electronics

DivisionofIll.

Des

Semiconductor

Syracuse,N.Y. 13201

Yonkers,N.Y. 10701

Resistor

Corp.,

New

Hart

and

Hegeman

Hartford,

Semi

-Conduct
Phoenix,

Electronics

Santa

Co.,

Eng..Inc.,

Signal Div.ofE.W.Bliss

Baraboo,

Corp.,

Culver

Camera

Mountain

Corp.,

No.

Semiconductor

Heights,

Corp.,

Bridgeport,

Electric

Co.,

Device

Inc.,N.Y.,N.Y. 10003

Corp.,

Borg

Delavan,

Prod.

Co.,

Electric

Semiconductor,

Banery

Co.,

Corp.,

Norwalk,

Evans

Corp.,W.Hartford,

Inc.,

Crystalonics

Cambridge,

conductor

Mfg.

Co.

Electronics

Devices,

Dubilier

Electric

Glass

Works,

Instrument

Lawrence,

Inc.,

Pme

Mica

Co.,

Mfg.

Co.,

Bearing

Co.,

Schenecrady,N.Y.

ElectrOnIc

(Lamp

Mfg.

Co.,

Div),

Radio

Co.,W.Concord,

Zenler

Mfg.

Co.,

Electronics

I3usiness

Co.,

Co. of

Montreal

and

Inc.,

Minneapolis,

Clucago,

Co.

Inc.,

Stanfurd,

York,N.Y.

Mfg.

Co.,

Comp.,

Chicago,
Canada

Corp.,

Bearings

Address

Illinois

Corp..Los

Bedford,

Mass.

Brockton,
Milwaukee,
Inc.,

Morton

Plaines,

Co.,

York,N.Y. 10001

and

Los

Corp.,

Receiving

Inc.,

Tappan,

Corp.,

Independence,

New

Nela

Inc.,

KenIlworth,

Cu.

Melrose,

Waltham,

Mass.

Dallas.

Grove,

Corp.,

Broadview,

Tool

Works.
Ill.

Products

Dept.,

Cedar

Knolls.

Electric

Conn.

06106

Product,

Ariz.

85008

Co.,

Inc.,

Ana,

Calif.

Rockford,

Ciry,

Chicago,

Franklin

Corp.,

Div. of

III.

III.

Wakefield,

Wisc.

Calif.

Instrument

View,

Calif.

Angeles,

Corp.,

Ill.

60004

Conn.

III.

Hawthorne,

mst.

Div.,

Wisc.

5311:'

Lakes,N.J.

Freeport,

Conn.

06852

Div.,
Mass.

Tube

Div.,

Woodridge,

Dover,N.H.

Scottsdale,

N. Y. 10983

Beach,

Co.,

NewarkN.J.

Corning,

Hicksville,

Int.T.and

Mass.

Milwaukee,

Spruce

Pine,N.C.

Briton,

12305

Syracuse,

Park,

Cleveland,

Costa

Mesa,

Corp.,EIMonte,

Machines,

III.

60638

Limited,

19,

Quebec

loc,

Indianapolis,

jamestown,N.Y.

Minn.

60638

Mass.

Corp.,

Conn.

06904

Mass.

Angeles.

Wise.

Texas

12477

Ill.

60016

N.

Co.,

92702

61101

Mass.

01880

Co.,

90230

Corp.,

Calif.

Arlington

06605

60618

Calif.

Buffalo,N.Y.

III.

Conn.

112140

and

Semi-

03820

Ariz.

Florida

N.

Y.

N.

T,

Wisc.

Kansas

Conn.

N.

Y.

Mass

01781

Calif.

.

J.

Calif.

Armonk,N.Y.

55408

02176

02154

Calif.

Ill.

J.

N.J.

Y.

53233

67301

Ohio

Ind.

Cod.

Manufacturers Name and

53021

Sangamo

54294

Shallcross

54715

Shure

56289

Sprague

59730

Thomas

59875

TRW

60399

Torrington

61637

Union

61864

United-Carr

63060

Victoreen

63743

Ward

65083

Westinghouse

65092

Weston

7048S

Atlantic-India

70563

Amperite

70903

Belden Mfg.

71126

Bronson,

71294

Canfield,
Bussman

71400

71590

Centra

71666

Continental

71707

Coto
Chicago

71744
71785

Cinch

71823

Darnell

72136

Electro

72259

Nyrronics

72619

Dialighr

72699

General

72765

Drake

72825

Hugh H.

72962

Elasric

72982

Eri~

73445

Amperex

73559

Carling

73690

Elco
73899
74193
74861
74970
75042
75382
75608
7S91S
76005
76487
76545
76684
76854
77147
77166
77263
77339
77542
77630

77638
78189

78277
78488
78553
79089

79725
79%3
80030

80048
80111

80211

8025~

80294
80431

F.D.Elccrronics

J.
Heinemann
Industrial

E.F.Johnson

IRC
Kulka

Linden

Littelfuse,

Lord

James
Mueller
National
Oak
Patton
Pass-Seymour,
Pierce
Positive
Ray-O-Vac
TRW,

General

Shakeproof

Sigma
Stackpole
Tinnerman
RCA,

Wiremold
Zicnck
Prestole

Vickers

ElectroOlc
Motorola
Standard
Bourns
Air

Electric

Co.,

Mfg.

Co.,

Brothers,

Inc.,

Electric

Co.,.Adams,

and

Betrs Co..Elizabeth,N.J.

Inc.

(Accessories

Mfg.

Carbide

Leonard

lab,

Coil

Mfg. Co.

Technological

Resistor

Inc.,

Electric

Mfg.

Millen

Mfg.

MacGuyer

Electronic

lostruments

Commen:ial

Filter

Co.,

Corp..New

Fastener

Instrument

Cleveland,
Electric

(Lamp

Instruments,

Newark,N.J,

Rubber

Chicago,

Co.,

Union

Co.,

Chicago,

Homer

D.,

H. O.

Co.,

Mfg. Div. of

St.

Louis,

Inc.,

Milwaukee,

Carbon

Co.

Inc.,

Miniature

and

Chicago,

Corp.,

Lrd.,

Motive

Mfg.

Inc.,

Berkeley

Co.,

Brooklyn,N.Y. 11237

Instrument

Newark,

Mfg.

Co.,

Chicago,

Eby,

Inc.,

Stop Nur

Corp..Union, N. J.

Electronics

Electric

Co.,W.Hartford,

Co.,

Electric

Condenser

Co.,

Philadelphia,

Corp.,

and

Co.,

Providence,R.I.

Inc.,

Des

Co.,

Erie,

Mfg.

Elcctric

Co.,

Tube

Co.,

Co.,

Crystal

Co.,

Syracuse,N.Y.

Roberts

Rubber

Lockwasher

Co.,

Madison,

Component

r:amden,

Instruments

Dlv.

of

Elgin,

Carbon

Co.,

Products,

conductor

Co.,

Hartford,

Mfg.

Co.,

New

Fastener

Div.

Corp.,

Inc.

Elel:tric

LoUIS,

St.

Industnes

Inc.,

FranklIn

Oil

Co.,

RiverSide,

Corp.,

Lafeyctte,

Milwaukee,

Inc.,

Address

Springfield,

Selma,N.C.

Evanston,

Div),

Cleveland,

Torrington,

York,N.Y. 10017

Corp.,

Boston,

Co.,

Inc.,

Ohio

Co.,

Mt.

Div),

Bloomfield,N.J.

Weston-Newark,

Works,

loc.,

III.

60607

City,N.J.

Co.,
Clifton

Co.,

Providence,

Lamp

HowardB.Jones

Downey,
Co.,

Corp.,

Philadelphia,

Products

New

Corp.,
Co.,

Waseca,

Plaines,

Penn. 16512

Co.,

Pittsburg,

Co.,

Corp.,

III.

III.

Inc.,S.Braintree,

loc.,

Recelvmg

Ill.

60644

Beacon

Forge,

McGraw

Mo.

Wise.

Inc.,

New

Works,

III.

60624

Calif.

Willmington,

Heights,

Capacitor

N. J.

07104

III.

60656

Inc.,

Co.,

Hic;Csville,N.Y.

York,N.Y.

Brooklyn,

Trenton,

Corp.,

Chicago,

Minn. 56093

Penn. 19108

Mt.

Vernon,

III.

Malden,Mass.

Cleveland,

Penn.

Lake,

Ill.

Providence,

Co.,

Trenton,N.j.

Newark,N.j.

Wise

DIV.,

N. J. 08103

Brooklyn,N.Y.

Tool

Works,

60120

St.

Marys,

Cleveland,

Tube
Div.,
Conn.

Rochelle,

Bishop

and

Toledo,

OhiO

Prod.

DIV.,

Mo.

Assoc,

Washington,

Park,

III.

Ind.

Calif.

42500

Wisl:. 53218

07087

Edison

R.

Harrison,N.j.

U6110

III.

62705

111.

Mass.

07207

Ohio

Conn.

Mass.

Vernon,N.Y.

Falls,

Conn.

Va. 24422

Co.,

53212
York,

. Y.

I.

Chicago,

Ill.

Div.,

90241

Conn.

N. J.

07922

Div.,

Penn.

19144

07083

Erie,

Penn.

Conn.

N. Y.

N.

J.

Ill.

N.

Y.

60016

02148

Ohio

44114

R.

I.

Mass.

Penn.

Ohio

and

Semi-

. Y.
Balx:ock

60131

D.C.

Manufacturers

Cod.

Hammarlund

80583

Beckman

80740
81073

Grayhill
Isolanrite

81143
81349

Military
joint

81350

Columbus

81751

Filton

81831
81860

Barry
Sylvania

82219

Indiana

82273
82389

Swirchcraft

82647

Metals

82807

Milwaukee

83058

Carr
Vicrory

83186

Bearing

83361

Solar

83587

Union

83740
84411

TRW

Lehigh

84835
84971

TA

86577

Precision
RCA

86684
88140

Cutler-Hammer

88219

Gould

88419

Cornell

88627

K

89482

Holtzer
United

89665
90201

Mallory

90750

Westinghouse
Hardware

909S2

Continental

91032

ITT

91146
91293

Johanson
Chandler

91598
91637

Dale

Elco

91662

General

91719

Honeywell

91929

Electra

92519

Edgerton,

92678

Sylvania

93332

Cramer

93916

Raytheon

94144

Tung

94154

Garde

95076

Aleo

95146

Continental

9S238

Vitramon,

95275
95354

Methode

9S412

General

95794

Ansconda
Hi-QDlv.ofAerovox

90095

Texas

96214

Thordarson-Mcissner

96256

Microwave

96341
96906

Military
CBS

97966

Sealectro

98291

North

98821

Transitron

99180

Arlce

99378

99800

Delevan
Meissner

83033

~()18:l

Sprague

Army~Navy

Fastener

Capacitor

Mfg.

(Electrical

and

Cannon

Electronics
Corp.,

Sol
Electronics

Electronics

Corp.,

LRC

Electronics,

Home and

Co.

Inc.,

Instruments,

Inc.,

LaGrange,

Mfg.

Corp.,

Specifications

Specifications

Electronics

Co.,

Flushing,

Controls

Div.ofBarry

Watertown,

Electric

Tube

Panern

and

Inc..Chicago,

and

Controls

Resistor

Co.,

Engineering

Springfield,N.J. 07081

Specialty

Electric

Corp.,

Carbide

Corp..New

Div.,

Metal

Products

Cambridge,

Corp..Los

Metal

ProductsofMalden

Stoneham,

Component

Harrison,N.j.

Nat.

G Mfg.

Inc.,

Batteries

Dubilier

Fuquay-Varina,N.C.

Co.,

Cabot

Corp.,

Transformer

Capacitor

Electric

Products

Wire

Electric

Mfg.

Co.,

Co.,

Wethersfield,

Willow

lostrumcnts,

Inc.,

Freeport,

Insulation

Long

Gcrmeshausen

Boston,

Electric

Woburn,

Products

Co.

Components

Electric

Mfg.

Co.,

Cumberland,

Connector

Inc.,

Bridgeport,

Mfg.

Co.,

Electric

American

Torrington,

Electric

Corp.,

Inc.,

Mfg.

Co.,

Instruments

Ml.

Associates

Standa.rds

Dlv. of

ing

Corp.,

Elcl:tronics

Elcctronics

W\nl:hester,

Elcctronks

Mfg.,

Mount

Mamaroneck.N.Y.

Dlv.ofMagUire

Hills

Producls

Address

New

York,N.Y.

Inc.,

Fullerton,

III.

60525

Stirling,

L.

Products,

Div.),

Model

Inc.,

Co.,

Cambridge,

Corp

Co.,

Warren,

Ogallala,

Angeles,

Lincoln,

Inc.,

New

Boston,

Co.,

Co.,

Co.,

Inc.,

Boonton,N.J. 0700S

Grove,

loc.,

Corp.,

Island,N.Y.

Products,

Co.,

Inc.,

Chicago,

Schenectady,N.Y.

Bra.ss

Corp.,

Inc.,

Carmel,

Systems,

Corn., E.

Carmel,

Horseheads,

Co.,

Corp.,

Yonkers,N.Y.

I.,

N.

Y

Wright

Mass.

Inc.,

Emporium,

Works,LaPort,

III.

60630

Attleboro,

Milwaukee,

(IVECO),

San

Francisco,

Penn.

York,N.Y.

Nebr.

Corp.,

Mass.

Calif.

Mass.

and

Ill.

Trenton,.j.

Corp.,

York,N.Y.

Mass.

Chicago,

Indianapolis,

Corp.,

Boston,
Reading,
York,

Penn. 17405

Salem,

Conn.

Columbus,

Penn.
Dallas,

Ill.

Woodside,

and

Grier,

Mass.

Inc.,

Mass.

New

York,N.Y.

Div.,

Newark,N.J.

R.

Co.,

Lawrence,

Corp.,

Woodside,N.Y.

Conn.

III.

Co.,

Conn.

Orlean,N.Y.

Dallas,

Div. of

McGuire,

III.

Inc.,

Burlington,

Columbip

Danvers,

Inc.,

Glen

Corp.,

Melrose,

Mass.

Aurora,N.Y.

Illinois

New

1':.

Adams.

. J.

(Electronic

Mass.

021SO
Devices)

Quincy,

I.

Texas

UI81J0

lndustries,

Calif.

07980

Corp.,

Penn.

lod.

Mass.

Wisc.

Calif.

10017

02140

Inc.,

Ill.

Ind.

Mass.

Penn. 19602
Mass.

06109

Nebr.

Texas

100U

Mass.

Mass.

75209

Mass.

Broadcast-

Mass.

10544

Covc.

"J.

Mass.

York

Ma~s.

Y.

Lnc.,

SERVICE

AND

MAINTENANCE

6-9

Parts

Lists

and

Diagrams

Ha.

Ref.

CAPACITORS

C1
C2
C3
C4
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10l
C102
C103
C104
C105
C151
C152
C153
C154
C155
C156
C157
C158
C159
C160
C161
C162

DIODES

CR1
CR2
CRlOl
CR102

Plastic,
Mica,

Wax,

Ceramic,
Oil,
Plastic,
Plastic,
Distributed
Electrolytic,
Plastic,
Plastic,
Electrolytic,
Plastic,
Electrolytic,
Electrolytic,
Electrolytic,
Electrolytic,
Ceramic,
Plastic,
Plastic,
Plastic,
Ceramic,
Electrolytic,
Plastic,
Ceramic,

Type
Type
Type

Type

O.lIJF ±1/4%

150pF

0.471JF
.0011JF ±10% 500 V

O.lIJF ±10% 600 V

.00681JF
.0471JF

O.OlIJF
O.OlIJF

O.lIJF

68pF

.011JF
.011JF
.021JF

10pF

.021JF +80-20% 50 V

100pF

IN4009
1N4009
1N4009
IN4009

ELECTRICAL

Description

±5%

500 V

±1O%

400 V

±1O%

400 V

±1O%

Capacitor

3.31JF ±20% 15 V
5IJF +100-10% 50 V
200IJF +100-10% 6 V

10IJF +100-10% 25 V

5IJF +100-10% 50 V

200 V

200IJF +100-10% 12 V

±1%

100 V

±1%

100 V

±1O%

100 V

15IJF +100-10% 15 V

±5%

500 V

±1%

100 V

±1%

100 V

±1%

100 V

±10% 500 V

+5%

500 V

PARTS LIST

Part Ha.

4860-4125
4640-0600
5020-0900
4406-2108
4510-4500
4863-2689
4860-7869
1650-8390
4450-0400
4860-7752
4860-7752
4450-4600
4860-8250
4450-3900
4450-3700
4450-2610
4450-3800
4404-0685
4860-7752
4860-7752
4860-7853
4400-2999
4450-3900
4402-3200
4404-1105

6082-1012
6082-1012
6082-1012
6082-1012

Fed.

Mfg.

Code Ha.

4860-4125

24655
72136

CM15,

80183 78P4749453

72982

811,

56289 73P10496

194P68294

56289
84411

663IJW 0.0471JF

24655

1650-8390
37942 97679
84411

663IJW, O.OlIJF
84411

663IJW, O.OlIJF
56289 150D335X00l5A2
84411

663IJW, O.lIJF
37942

204059539CI0X3
37942

TT,

37942

TT,

56289 30Dl06G025BB4M1

72982

831,
84411

663IJW, O.OlIJF

84411

663IJW, O.OlIJF
84411

663IJW, 0.021JF

72982 315N,

37942

2040595S9ClOX3
01121

36-203W,

72982

831,

24446 1N4009

24446 1N4009

24446 1N4009
24446 1N4009

Mfg.

Part

150pF

±5%

.0011JF

±10%

±1O%

15IJF +100-10%
200IJF +100-10%

68pF

±5%

lOpF

±1O%

0.021JF +80-20%

100pF

±5%

±1O%

±1%
±1%

±1%
±1%
±1%

Fed. Stack

Ha.

5910-928-1476
5910-928-1485

5910-799-9281

5910-837-9325
5910-448-5527

5910-952-8658

5910-448-5527
5910-952-8659

RESISTORS

R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
RIO
R11
R13
R14

R15
R16
R17
R18
R19
R101
R102 Fi1m, 21.5kl1 ±1/2%
R103
R104
R105
R106
R107
R108
R109
R110
R11l
R112
Rl51

Potentiometer,
Potentiometer,
Film,

32.411

Film,

10kl1 ±0.1%
Potentiometer,
Film,

1011
Film,

10011
Film,

1KI1 ±0.1%
Film,

1kl1 ±0.1%
Film,

lOkl1 ±0.1%
Film,

100kl1 ±0.1%
Film,

1MI1 ±0.1%

Composition,
Composition,
Composition,
Composition,
Potentiometer,
Potentiometer,

Film,

15.8kl1 ±1/2%

Film,

59kl1

Film,

2.74kl1
Composition,
Film

6.49kl1±1%
Composition,
Composition,
Composition,
Composition,
Composition,
Composition,
Composition,

11.2kl1

16.2Hl

±3%

1/2

0.98011 ±0.1%

±1/4%

±0.1%

1/2

3.9kl1
10011
75011
220kl1

Variable,
Variable,

±1%

1/2
±1%
10kl1

150kl1

300kl1 ±10%

3.6kl1
2kl1
2kl1
10011
200kl1

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

1/2

±5%

±5%

W

W
W

W

1/2

W

±5%
±5%
±5%

±5%

1/2
1/2

W

W

±1O%

W

±1O%

±1O%

±5%

±5%

W

W

W

1/4
1/4

W

1/2
1/2
1/2

1/2

W

W

1/4

1/4

1/4

W
W

2.5kl1

50kl1

1/4
1/4

1/4

W
W

W

W

W

W

W

±10%

W
W

W

±1O%

0977-4110
0977-4021
6450-9324
6188-2100
0510-4000

6452-0100
6188-0100
6188-1100
6188-1100
6188-2100
6188-3100
6188-4100
6100-2395
6100-1105
6100-1755
6100-4225
6000-0400
6020-0600

6451-2158
6451-2215
6450-2590
6450-1274
6099-3109
6450-1649
6099-4159
6099-4309
6099-2369
6099-2205
6099-2205
6099-1105
6099-4205

0977-4110

24655
24655

0977-4021

75042

CEC-TO,

75042

MEC-T2,

24655

0510-4000

75042

CEC-TO,

75042

MEC-T2,

75042

MEC-T2,

75042

MEC-T2,

75042

MEC-T2,

75042

MEC-T2,

75042

MEC-T2,

01121

RC20GF392j

01121

RC20GF101j

01121

RC20GF751J

01121

RC20GF224j

12697

53MS,
jA,

50kl1 ±10%
CEC-TO,
CEC-TO,
CEC,

59kl1

CEC,

2.74kl1

CEC,

6.49kl1

BTS,

150kl1 ±10%

BTS,

300kl1

BTS,

3.6kl1

BTS,

2kl1

10011

2.5kl1
01121
75042
75042
75042
75042

75042
75042
75042
75042
75042 BTS, 2kl1
75042
75042 BTS,
75042 BTS, 200kl1

32.4>1

±1%

10kl1 ±0.1%

1011

±1/4%

10011

±0.1%

lkl1

±0.1%

lkl1

±0.1%
10kl1 ±0.1%
100kl1

±D.1%

1MI1 ±0.1%

±1O%

15.8kl1 ±1/2%

21.5kl1 ±1/2%
±1%

±1%
±1%

±1O%

±10%

±5%
±5%

±5%

±5%

5905-279-3505
5905-190-8889
5905-195-9481
5905-192-0667
5905

-034-53

5905-539-4900

5905-279-4629
5095-279-4629

78

SERVICE

AND

MAINTENANCE

6-10

Ref.

No.

Description

ELECTRICAL PARTS LIST (cont)

Fed.

Port

No.

Mig.

Code

Mig.

No.

Port

Fed.

Stock

No.

RESISTORS

TRANSISTORS

MISCELLANEOUS

R152
R153
R154
R155

R156
R157
R158
R159
R160
R161
R163
RIM
R165
R166
R167

QI0l
QI02
QI03
Q151
Q152
Q153
Q154
Q155

Bl
Jl
J2
J3

J4

J5
J6

]7

J8
JI0l

J102
J103
Ml
PUOI
PLl02
PU03
S101
SlOf
S103

Tl

(Cont)

Composition,
Composition,
Composition,
Composition,

Composition,
Film,
Film,
Film,
Composition,
Composition,
Composition,
Composition,
Composition,
Composition,

Composition,

Type
Type

Type
Type
Type
Type
Type
Type

Battery,

Jack
Jack
Jack
Jack
Jack
Jack

jack
jack
jack

Jack
Jack

Meter
Plug
Plug
Plug
Switch,

Switch,

Switch,

Transformer

16.9kQ

16.9kQ

6.65kQ

2N3905
2N3416
2N3905
2N3416
2N3416

2N3416
2N3905
2N1302

1.5

Rotary
Rotary
Rotary

200krl
10kQ

±5%

lkrl

±5%

15kQ

±10%

IMQ

±10%

±1%

1/2

±1%

1/2

±1%

1/2

39kQ

4.7kQ ±10%

4.7kQ
10kQ
2kQ

±5%
680Q
1kQ ±10%

V

±5%

±10%

±1O%

±1O%

±5%

1/4

W
W
W

1/4

1/4

1/4
1/4

1/4

1/4

1/4

1/4

1/4

1/4
1/4

BTS,

200kQ

W

W

W

W

W

W

W
W

W

W

W
W

6099-4205

6099-3105

6099-2105
6099-3159
6099-5109
6450-2169
6450-2169
6450-1665
6099-3399
6099-2479
6099-2479
6099-3109
6099-2205
6099-1685
6099-2109

8210-1114
8210-1047
8210-1114
8210-1047
8210-1047
8210-1047
8210-1114
8210-1018

8410-0200(4)
4150-3200
4150-3200
4260-1030
4260-1041
0938-3000
0938-3000
4260-1041
4150-3200
Built

In

Built

In

Built In
5730-1409
PartofZ2WIS-18L
PartofZ2WIS-18L

PartofZ2WIS-21D

7890-4680

7890-4690

7890-4700
0746-4020

75042

BTS,

75042

BTS,

75042

BTS,

75042

BTS,

75042

CEC-TO,

75042

CEC-TO,

75042
75042

CEC,
BTS,

75042

BTS,

75042

BTS,

75042

BTS,

75042

BTS,

75042

BTS,

75042

BTS,

75042

04713 2N3905
24446

2N3414

04713

2N3905
24446 2N3414
24446

2N3414
24446

2N3414

2N3905

04713

96214 2N1302

77542

2LP

24655 4150-320U
24655

4150-3200

82.389

"Ill
82389 N112A
24655

0938-3000
24655

0938-3000
82389 N112A
24655

4150-3200

91929

ME-3

24655
24655
24655
24655

0746-4020

±5%

10kQ

±5%

1kQ

±5%

15kQ ±10%

1MQ ±10%

16.9kQ

16.9kQ

6.65kQ

39kQ

±10%

4.7kQ

±1O%

4.7kQ

±1O%
lOkQ ±10%
2kQ

±5%

680Q

±5%

lkQ

±1O%

±1%

±1%
±1%

5905-581-4975

5905-279-4629

5961-989-2749

5961-989-2749
5961-989-2749
5961-989-2749

5960-086-0039

NOTE:
The

The

dotonthe

number

foilatthe

appearingonthe

transistor

foil

socket

sideisnot

indicates

the

the

part

collector

number.

lead.

Figure 6 -4.Etched

circuit

1650

assembly

-0710/5

(PIN

1650.2710).

--to-

R'161
4·.?K

3

4

CI03

01

1/

1\

Rial

15.8K

1/21'1

JI03

>CL

SHIELD

BK

CI51

5jJF

) t

RI51
200K

0151

RI52

200K

RI53

10K

CI52

15

RI55

CI54

10jJF

RI54

IK

15K

CI05

0,1

f?

~

>R1I2

-

-

100

0103

JIOI

*

RI08

+

CI04

3.311F

If

300K

R18?
15

RI06

6,49K

1/21'1

RI09

3.6K

Rill
2K

K

RIIO
2K

CRIOI

CRI02

r

.....

RI65

2K

RI66
680

R16?

IK

2

Cb9

::;:::

+

-r-~b~jJF

CI55

68

RI63

4.?K
RI64

10K

CI62

100

+

CI53

200jJF

F

RI60
39K

RI03
59K

1/21'1

RI02

21.5K
1/21'1

~

~

RI04

2.?4K
1/21'1

0101

t::l

10K

~T

OSCILLATOR

*RIO?

I

JI02

R15?

16.9K

1/2

CI58

.02

RI59
6,65K

1/2W

RI58

6.9K

I

AND/OR

OSCILLATOR

RI08MAYBE

LEVEL

REMOVED'TO ADJUST

BASE

EM

~

~LL

0155

BOTTOM VIEW

DETECTOR

CC

r.°7'J\

~E

EM

0102,151,152,153

OF

T.RANSISTORS

8A!

BASE

~COLL

EM

0101,103,154

Figure6-6.

Schematic

diagramofthe

internal

oscillator

NOTE

UNLESS

I 'OSITION

Of"

1II0u'1I'

5lolOWN

COU"'I[IIIa.OC~wtS(

1

~~o~::;::i:~S~S

:a.

1tU(1ITO5£11:111([

~~OHr~W:-~AlOI:S

•.

lIl[SlSlOllS

and

NOT£S IN IHSTlt. 7 0

'~"WUT

detector.

SERVICE

SPIECIFIEO

SWITCHE:S5II(SlSU,NC(

~

'~:::~or:~~

:

~

10

r'.f'[ST

AND

MAINTENANCE

IN OHlllS

1000 OHNS

III

I M[GOH""

..

~h·NO

(NOll

COfrITIlOl

~=;~:,,:a1l0l.

JI'OII'fT

6-11

18_

..........

4

5

12

_--13

::..---14

Figure 6·5

~eference

KNOB

1

PARAMETER

2

METER

3

KNOB

4

KNOB

5

MULTIPLIER

6
7

KNOB

8 INDICATOR

SCREWS
KNOB

9

10
11 GASKET

12 GASKET
13
14

15
16
17
18 HANDLE ASSEMBLY
19 INDICATOR

20

CGRL

CABINET ASSEMBLY
FOOT
EYELET
KNOB
KNOB
DQ

SCREWS
SPACERS
KNOB

Nome

COVER

dial

dial

dial

dial

Figure

MECHANICAL PARTS LIST

PARAMETER
Marked
Plastic
GENERATOR
MULTIPLIER
Marked
DET
CGRLdial
Screw,
CGRL
Marked
Rubber
Rubber
Entire
Rubber
Eyelettohold
ORTHONULL@
DQ
Marked
Complete
DQ
Screw,
Spacer,
OSC

dial

meter

dial

SENS knob

binder

dial

dial
gasket
gasket

flip-tilt

foot

Dial

knob

dial

cabinet

dial

indicator

binder

metal,

LEVEL

and

and
indicator
knob

assembly

for

and

knob

6 -5.Replaceable

Description

switch

knob

bushing
cover,
switch
switch

bushing

head,

around
around

cabinet

cover

foottocover

control

bushing

head,

No.6,

Honeywell
knob

No.

edgeofpanel
cover

including

assembly

knob

handle

No.

3/8

assembly

assembly

4-40,

assembly

assembly

assembly
assemb!;'

6-32,

in.

1/4

5/8

in.,

gasket

in.

mechanical

panel

gray

ports.

Part

5500-5420
1650-1240
ME-3-70l
5500-5321
5500-5420
1650-1250
5520-5221
5460-1303
7060-0902
5520-5520
1650-1520
5168-1350
5168-0680
4182-2002
5260-0760
5170-5030
5500-5321
5520-5520
1650-1510
5361-2002
1650-7161

7070-2900
7650-1300

5520-5221

Na.

Fed.

eade

24655
24655

24655
24655
24655
24655
24655
24655
24655
24655
24655
24655
24655
24655
24655
24655

24655
24655
24655
24655
24655
24655
24655

Mfg.

Mig.

Part

Na.

5500-5420

1650-1240

5S00-5321
5500-5420

1650-1250

5520-5221

5460-1303
7060-0902
5520-5520
1650-1520
5168-1350
5168-0680
4182-2002
5260-0760
5170-5030
5500-5321
5520-5520
1650-1510
5361-2002
1650-7161
7070-2900
7650-1300
5520-5221

Fed. Stack

Na.

5305-938-9109

SERVICE

AND

MAINTENANCE

6-12

COVER ASSEMBLY

•

CABINET

SCREW

SPACER

o

PIVOT.

STUD

SCREW

Cabinet 4182-8210
Spacer
Pivot Stud

Screw* 7090-0075

Handle Assembly

* .

Tighten

**Bend

AND

WASHER

Name

mounting platetogive 1/32to1/16 spacing, both

Part No.

4170-0700
4170-1000 Screw 7080-1000

5361-2002

1/4

- 28 screwsto45-55

-+

MOUNTING PLATE
(INSTRUCTION

PLATE)

GR

HANDLE

Figure6-7.

Name

Cover Assembly 4170-2066
Nut

Plate

Washer

In.

Ibs

torque.

o

STUD

ASSEMBLY

Complete

cabinet

GR

Part No.

4170-1350
8040-2450

sides.

SLI

WASHER

DE WASHERSLIDE

HANDLE

assembly

(PIN

4182.2002).

Name

Mounting Plate
(I

nstruction Plate) (Name Plate)
Stud
Slide
Handle 5360-1013

GR

Part No. Part No.

7860-5770
4170-1100

4170-1270

Mounting Plate

Washer
SI

o

STUD

Name

ide

Washer

MOUNTI

(NAME

16506-15

7864-8200

8140-0105
4170-7030

NG

PLATE)

GR

PLATE

Figure6-8.

Complete

handle

and

mounting

plate

assembly

(PIN

16506·16

5361.2002).

POWER

+

SI03

OFF

• DC

INTERNAL6v

AC

INTFRNAL

AC ExTERNAL • •DCExTERNAL

BAT

IKe

CHECK'

AC

EXT

DET

GEN

RO

CW~

':::=

DET

SENS

RI9

50K

CL

o

+

M-I

B-1

'M

+1

-

~

-

-

-

RI4,

3,9K

-,

JI

,,~~L~~_-,

DC

p----~

'J2

5

JI

3

BU

J;-I

--""'------------------1--,

CABLE

~-----~

BK

t-----~

BK

CR I

••

~

.

f-

BK

WH

BR

GENERATOR

+---------

o '\

'~r~r

0

201~:,~

0

CR2

5102

204R

'0

.-

2t1F./I~\..

303F

I'~

....

0"

...

0

01

;

!;-20"'9;;;F~-+---,

j3..oO.c.4.c.F

RI5

>100

__

-J

~ho

r-+0~R~---,;30"'I"'F-,:.~~~'-'

RIG
750

~

(fr~:;>

......

0 I

,'y

.."

0 1

~

> 30BF

309F

RI7
164K
1/4W

GN

I

-1-1_+~GNOTERMINAL

0\'

"

.....

('~0-~"

212~'

Y"

o '

.{!)...

,.,f.ABLE

RO

1.1

301~~

'_~

t.

t--

1021

"0,

.-

311R

/?

403R

~

'-,

..

""

I

>--

412R

" 1

~ft~

I I

I I

3

I I

I

II

I I

I

~A~~~_

t..=

r;::-----

r

II

CABLE

I I

I LEVEL

SEC

~

PRJ

5 4

1

YE

---

PLl02

(J

TE~:g2

2

TI

..

2 +

204R

-:-

fi":'

"~

~20;;;5;;t--,

/ _ .i"...

....,0/

210R

-r.

\0

T

.

-

....

''yo'

, 0

1

0'

T~7

1 ,

o·

'-,

,0

410R

409R

->

I L

CW

-<'RI8

'->r

.:>

OR

25K

'l-)

OOSC

BIAS

J4

NOTE

Rotory switch
panel end of the shaft. The first digit of the
number

refers

the

panel
next twodig
the

firlt

pOlition

oily

the

Icrew

contoctl

are numbered lequentially (02, 03, 04,
proceeding c10ckwiIearound the
F

or

R indi

rear of the

I~

WH

J5

LOW

HGH

16

~iGY

WH

5102

205F,R

J4

INSULATED

CASE

vT

sections

to the lection. The

ill,

the next lection backil2, etc.

its

above the locating key), and the

cot..that the contact iI on the front or
lection,

FRO,",

are shownasviewed

refer to the contact. Contact

clockwile

from

relpectively.

PARAMETER

GY

~

UNKNOWN

B

0

lection

a Itrut Icrew

lection.

RO

BR

from

the
contact
nearelt

The
01
(UIU­other

etc),

A suffix

RIO

OK

[

GN

,-.

d T

~1~

..

...

,

31QR

308R"

II

...

30lF

"

).

....

'>,

10K

RI3

1M

c9T

_---

....

...

305F

~

-=-

GN

303F

')-

l

J

,----

'\

R5

0,980

BU

C3

0.47

__

I-_,

+-

,'--

V_T

BU

OPP

~5..,~,.

----,4+-----"

I

NOTE:J7

FR0M

JB

ARM

J7

EXT

INSULATED

CASE

DO

~({

rb

"

VT

R7

100

,-

..

I

~

d T

o I

(~;02F

'-

210F

~

o "

20BFR

~

~

"

207F 206F

iI

CGRL

tn

1

RI

11.2K

')..

CW

~

-,

-205F,R

I

C2

150

SI02

'''~'~

~"\

.-

0"'1 \..

YE

"

'-'206R

I------~---t---------_@

_.

-,_._-_._--------_._'"

~ ~

'-

310F

o ,

V'

0./

307F

'\:.

.-

o

MULTI

PUER

CI

0,1

-b

GNO

TERMINAL"'2

'l-

DO

"v~

R2

16,2K

0

I I I

JI03

I I

J

DETECTOR

102

ATI

AI2

AT3

~

PLiOI

y y

I I

AT4

J

101

OSCILLATOR

Figure

6~9.

Schematic

diagramof1650-B

Impedance

Bridge.

SERVICE

AND

MAINTENANCE

6-13

Appendix

The instruments on the

applications

primary

use

of

the bridge. Table A lists someofthe

with

ACCESSORY*

Type

1560-P95

Adaptor

the bridge.

following

BRIDGE

pages

TABLE

A

ACCESSORIES

are useful accessories in certain

APPLICATION

Cable Connections to:

External bias.
Detector

output.

External DO potentiometer.

Type

1650-P1 Test Jig Incoming inspection.

(Rapid checking
Type 1412-BC Decade Capacitor
Type

1350

Generator-Recorder
Assembly

RAC and GAC reactive balances.

Transducer Analysis.

(I

nvestigating sharp resonances in

mechanical transducers.)
Type

1232

Tuned
Null

Amplifier

Detector

and External detector.

Types 1309, 1310, 1311, and 1313 External generators.

OsciIlators

Type

1900

Wave

Analyzer

High frequency
detector.
Tracking generator.

Type

1191 Counter Checking frequencyofexternal

generator.

instruments and

of

single components.)

(>20

kHz) tuned null

their

ac

Catalog
Number

1232-9701
0480-9837

*GR

Off

instruments.

-,,.

1232-A

Tuned

Detector

480·P317,

amp)
strument

and

for

For

a detailed description

FIllER

lUNING

.

, \

fILTER

FREOU£'«:Y

ZOOK:-2Utr

• • .SOiN

Description

Amplifier

1232-AP

companion

(with

and

8-in.

'fi

,1"1

Z 20W

pre·

II)

.lllOlltr

Null

in-

see

the General Radio Catalog.

TUNED

AMPLIFIER

AND

NULL
Type

• 20Hzto20kHz, 50 and

•

O.l-}1-V

• bandwidth approx 5%

•

l20-dB

The

Type
purpose, metered audio
band (
filtering
frequency rangeorat spotsupto

±3

dB

that

canbetuned

Its

utilityasa null
gain, long-life
mic response characteristic.
drive headphones.

DETECTOR

1232-A

sensitivity

gain

1232 Detectorisa sensitive, general-

from20Hzto20

battery

power, and the optional logarith-

100

kHz

amplifier.

continuously

Intrinsically

kHz),ithas

over the audio-

100

kHz.

broad-

optional

detectorisenhancedbyhigh

The

outputisadequate

to

APPENDIX

1

GENERATOR­RECORDER
ASSEMBLY

Type

II

II

II

1350

automatic frequency-response plotting

20Hzto 20 kHz
combines 1304-B with

1521 Graphic Level Recorder

l--------------------------_.I

This automatic, audio-frequency measuring system com­bines the
Type

the
corderisa
a 40-dB,
and linear

Type

1304-B Beat-Frequency

Audio

Generator and

1521-B Graphic Level Recorder in a single assembly

automatic

The

plotting

fully

dynamic

potentiometer

of

frequency-response data. The

transistorized, single-channel, servo-type

range plug-in

potentiometer

are

also available).

complete assembly includes the following:

(20-dB,

1304-B Beat-Frequency Audio Generator with acces-

sories,

end

frames and rack supports,

1521-B Graphic Level Recorder with accessories (in­cluding a 40-dB potentiometer), 1521-P19 motor, end
frames and rack supports,

1521-9427 Chart Paper, 10 rolls

274-NP Patch

Cord
1521-PlOB Drive Unit
1521-P15 Link Unit
1521-P16 Sprocket

Kit
1560-P95 Adaptor Cable
1304-P1 Muting Switch

for

re-

with

SO-dB,

, .

~

.!X!"""'-,."

...

~

~

""=' V

r-

-..,

---J.

=-...:::..'":'::.

~"5."'---.~~'~

•

Constant generator

make

thisanexcellent assembly

-

,

....

-

...

output

and

uniform

for

measuring the response

recorder response

filters, attenuators, networks, loud-speakers, amplifiers, micro­phones, transducers, and complete acoustic systems.

The blank parts on the chart paper correspond

to

the lengthofthe
many charts
the chart and

canberecorded

1350-9701

1350·9494

blank

portiononthe

with

complete synchronization

the

dial frequency.

Catalog

Number Description

Generator-Recorder

1350-A,

for

1350-AQ1,

60-Hz

for

50-Hz

Assembly

supply

supply

generator dialsothat

to

the

of

of

EXTERNAL

General Radio manufactures several oscillators
usedasexternal generators
oscillators in this group are the variable frequency
fourthisa fixed frequency generator.

The 1309 Oscillator

100 kHz.

Distortion,
this instrument, and the
range.

The 1310 Oscillator offers constant

range

from

2 Hzto2

for

has

noise, and

outputisflat

MHz

with

GR

1310-A

GR

1313-A

a measurement bridge. Three

a variable range

hum

are

exceptionally

over the entire frequency

output

low

distortion,

II

0,05% distortion

II

10Hzto 100

II

2Hzto 2 MHz

II

20 V

II

1WII100 Vor4 A

II

50Hzto10kHz

II

10 nz to 50

II

sine and square

GENERATORS

that

can

be

type

and the

of

10 Hz

to

low

over a variable
high dial reso-

kHzII5 VII60-dB step attenuator

II

0.25% distortinn

II

kHzinone

waves

lution,

The 1313 Oscillator offers

the 1309

'10Hz

mize possible

in

The 1311
This oscillator
becauseofthe shielded

mizes the circulating ground currents and matches loads over a

wide impedance range.

II

sine and square

II

transformer output

discrete frequencies

range

and exceptional

but

with

amplitude

and frequency

similar

over-all performance

variable, single-range frequency

stability.
control

from

to50kHztoeliminate switching transients andtomini-

error

in setting a frequency.

Audio

is

particularly

Oscillator

output-transformer

has

suited

eleven fixed frequencies.

for

bridge measurements

secondary

that

mini-

waves

GR

1309-A

GR

1311-A

.-

..

-~

-0:

:(j)".:

(0

Vl

-.

--

-'--

(J)

(}

j

0

@).

W&

---I:

to

APPENDIX

2

DECADE

CAPACITORS,

RESISTORS,

and

The GR decade capacitors, resistors and inductors

INDUCTORS

canbeused

to

support the bridge externally. The 1412-BC Decade Capacitorisespec-

ially useful

General Radio Catalog

DECADE
RESISTOR

Type

-+-0.05% accuracy

•

5-,6-, or 7-dial

•

excellent stability, low cost

•

foracresistive and conductive reactive balances. Consult the

for

"'A._"'J,,_

""

.,...,

..

""

1434

detailsofeach

5

settability

decade.

Catalog

Number Resistance

1434-9714
1434-9713
1434-9716
1434-9576
1434-9702
1434-9721
1434-9707

Description

Decade

1434-N
1434·M

1434-P

1434-QC
1434·8
1434-X

1434-G

Resistor

DECADE

CAPACITOR

Type

• 50 PF to1.11115

• better than

• accuracy

• low loss, leakage,
dielectric

Catalog

Number

1412-9410

Total Resistance Number of

(0)

11,111

111,110
1,111,100
1,

111,105

1,111,100

111,111

1,111,111

10

1412-BC

l-pF

±(l

% + 5 pF)

absorption

1412-8C

Per Step

0.1

(l

1.00
Q
Qjdiv

1

1.0

Q

0.1 Q

0.1 Q 7

4 +

tJ-F

resolution

Descriptltln

Decade

Decades

5
5
5

rheostat

6
6

Capacitor

DECADE
RESISTOR

Type

•

±0.02%

• good frequency characteristics

• low temperature coefficient

• excellent

• low zero resistance

1433

accuracy

stability

1433-9700
1433·9702

1433-9704

1433-9706

1433-9708
1433-9710

1433-9712

1433-9714

1433·9716

1433-9718

1433·9720
1433·9722
1433-9724
1433-9726

1433·9729
1433-9731
1433-9733

Catalog Number

Bench

Rack

1433-9701
1433-9703
1433·9705
1433·9707

1433-9709
1433·9711

1433-9713
1433-9715
1433·9717

1433·9719

1433-9721
1433-9723
1433·9725
1433-9728

1433-9730
1433-9732
1433-9734

Type

1433-U
1433-K
1433·)
1433-L
1433-Q

1433·T
1433-N
1433·M
1433-P
1433·Y

1433-W
1433·X

1433-8
1433-Z

1433-F
1433·G
1433-H

Total

Ohms

111.1

1111

11,110

111,100

1,111,000

1111.1

11,111

111,110

1,111,100

11,111,000

11,111.1

111,111

1,111,110

11,111,100

111,111.1

1,111,111

11,111,110

6

6

"(

"'STloos

~I"'I

Ohms

per

Step Dials

0.01

0.1 4 A,
1 4 B,C,0,E

10

100

0.01

0.1 5
1 5

10

100

0.01

0.1 6 A, B,C,0,E,
1

10

0.01

0.1 7
1 7 B,C,0,E,

No.

4

4
4

5

5
5

6

6
6 C,0,E,F,G,

7

(I'tlli'(l'$

'''''

"

...

~

of

Type

AA,A,

B,C,D

C,

0,E,F

0,E,F, G
AA,A,

B,C,

A,

B,

C,

C,

0,E,F,G

0,

E,F,G,

AA,A,

B,C,

AA,A,
A,

B,

510

Decades

Used

B,C

B,C, 0

0,

E

0,E,F

H

B,C,

0,E,F,G

B,C,

C,

0,E,F,G

F, G, H

6

0,

E

F

H

0,

E,F

APPENDIX

3

DIELECTRIC
HOLDER

SAMPLE

Ward type,
dissipation factor, and volume resistivity
less
method D-150.
diameter

*

used

for

the measurementofdielectric constant,

of

2-inch-diameter,

disksofdielectric material in accordance

Itissuitable

is

not

over 2 inches and whose thicknessisnot

for

any

flat

sample whose largest

with

or

ASTM test

over

1690-Aisa sample holderofthe Hartshorn and

The

0.3 inch.
It

can

be

used

with

variation

resonant circuits

or

frequency-variation measurements,

for

susceptance-

with

the Types
1615-A and 716-C Capacitance Bridges, the 874-LBB and
900-LB Slotted Lines, the 1602-B and 1609 immittance meters,
the

1644-A Megohm Bridge, and the 1650-B Impedance Bridge.

•

L.

Hartshorn

trical Engineers, Vol.

andW.H.

79,

Ward,

pp.

597·609 (1936).

Proceedings of the

Institution

of Elec·

Type

• micrometer-electrode-type

1690-A

for

dielectric

disks

• wide frequency range; fits many instruments

• calibration corrects

for

fringing

and strays

• stable mounting, complete shielding

A precision micrometer screw

movable grounded electrode

electrode.

An

accurately divided drum indicates the electrode

with

spacing. The micrometer screw

metal bellows
A

release

to

assure

a positive,

mechanism automatically

vent damage when the electrodes

electrode adjusts itself

The vernier capacitor

use

in the susceptance-variation methodofmeasurement, and

for

precise C balance

The assembly
which shields
which

permit
The holder
panels.

itonfour

accesstothe electrodes, complete the shielding.

canbemounted on either horizontalorvertical

Catalog
Number

1690-9701
1690-9602

to

the planeofthe specimen surface.

with

with

low-loss samples.

is

mounted in a rugged aluminum casting

sides.

1690-A
1690·P2

to

with

a large knob drives a

respecttoa fixed, insulated

is

electrically shunted by a

low

resistance-connection.

disengages

are

in contact. The movable

the drivetopre-

the micrometer screwisfor

Tow

removable cover plates,

Description

Dielectric

Adaptor

GRB74

coaxial

Sample

Assembly

equipment)

Holder

(for

connecting

APPENDIX

DECADE

INDUCTOR

Type

• high-Q

• shielded toroidal cores for

• sealed against moisture

Catalog Number

Bench

1491-9701
1491-9706
1491-9703
1491-9707
1491-9704
1491-9702

4

Rack

1491-9711

1491-9716
1491-9713
1491-9717
1491-9714
1491-9712

Description Total Steps included

Decade

Inductor

1491-A
1491-F
1491-C
1491·G
1491-0
1491-8

0.111

1.111

1.11

11.111

11.11

11.1

1491

small mutual inductance

little

effect from external fields

Inductance

H
H
H
H
H
H

0.0001

H DO,E,F

0.0001

H
H

0.001

0.0001

H DD,E,F,G,H

0.001

H

0.01

H

DO,
E,

F,G

E,F,G,

F.G.H

940's

E,F,G

H

NOMOGRAPH FOR CONVERSION OF

C,

L,

D AND Q AT 1kHz

10

The nomograph below greatly simplifies the processofconverting
value (or vice
down

to

0.1).

o

of7.A straight line connecting these

Therefore, the equivalent

9

8

7

6

5

4

versa)ofinductance and capacitance,

To

illustrate

useofthe nomograph,

two

series

capacitance

pointsisseentocross the center

is

100

from

for

valuesofdissipation factor up

assume

J.LF.

a parallel capacitanceof2

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300
250

200

150

100

90

80

70

60
50

40

seriestoparallel

to10(0

J.LF,

and a

((s)

bar

at

100.

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

2.5

1.5

30

25

20

0.4

15

10

2

2

c = C

S p

log

Lp={I+-2)LS

C

(I

=

log

s

I

+0

C

)

-+

p

log(I+0

2

)

9

8

7
6

5
4

3

2.5

2

1.5

Q

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

I

2

00

2

1.5

0.5

0

o

Q

APPENDIX

5

LiJ

U

Z

-(

I-

U

<

LiJ

0::

I

Mil

10,000\1

1000n

10011

--t-?-E--*--l---f-

REACTANCE

Always

use corresponding scales

CHART

APPENDIX

I Q

-+-~----?f-+--+-

1

Hz

1 MHz

10

Hz

10 MHz

100

Hz

100 MHz 1

FREQUENCY

Figure 1isthe complete chart, used for rough calcula-

tions. Figure

larged approximately 7 times, is used where two or three

significant figures are to

TO

FIND

Enter the charts vertically from the bottom (frequency)
and along the lines slanting upward to the
tance) or to the right (inductance). Corresponding scales

6

2,

whichisa single decadeofFigure 1 en-

be

determined.

REACTANCE

left

(capaci-

1 kHz

GHz

FIGURE

10 kHz 100 kHz

10

GHz

I

(red or black) must
zontally to the
tance.

TO

FIND

RESONANT

Enter the slanting lines for the given inductance and
capacitance. Project downward and
quency from the bottom scale.

or

black)

mustbeused

100

GHz

be

left

used throughout. Project hori-

from the intersection and

FREQUENCY

throughout.

1 MHz

1000

GHz

read

Corresponding

10 MHz

read

resonant fre-

scales

reac-

(red

REACTANCE

CHART

Always

)

obtain approximate value from Figure 1

before

using Figure 2

(

)

(

J

Example:

to

a frequency of about 700 kHz and

500
a reactance
of a
capacitance is,

USE

Figure 2 gives additional precision

the decimal point, which must

The point indicatedinFigure 1 corresponds

}LH,

or a capacitance of 100

of

circuit

OF

about 2000 ohms. The resonant frequency

containing these values of inductance and

of

course, 700 kHz, approximately.

FIGURE 2

2

an

pF,

be

located from a prelim-

inductance of

giving in either case

but

does not place

3 4

FREQUENCY

FIGURE

2

inary entry
requires two logarithmic decades for inductance and
pacitance for every single decade of frequency and reac­tance, unless the correct decade for
the calculated values
in errorbya factor of 3.16.InFigure2,the capacitance

is

scale
500

nant frequency.

red; inductance scale is black.

Example:

}LH

or 100 pFis2230 ohms at 712 kHz,

5 6 7 8 9

on

Figure 1. Since the chart necessarily

of

reactance and frequency

(Continued) The reactance corresponding to

LandCis

their

10

ca-

chosen,

will

reso-

APPENDIX

be

7

GENERAL

RADIO

COMPANY

WEST

817

369-4400

METROPOLITAN
NEW

YORK*

845 Brood
Ridgelield,
Telephone N.Y.

Avenue

New

N.J.

212964-2722

201

SYRACUSE

Picleard

8uildin~

fa.l

Mol/oy Rood

Syracu.e,

Telephone [phone]

NEW

22

We.'

Telephone [phone]

New

Yorle

ENGLAND*

Bolter

Avenu~

Concord, Massachu..",

PHILADELPHIA

ForI

Washinglon Indus/rial

ForI

Washinglon, Penn.ylvania 19034

Teleplione

215 646-8030

WASHINGTON*

AND

BALTIMORE

11420

Rochille

Rochille,

Telephone

Maryland

301

Pilee

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ORLANDO

113

fas/

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• Repair
at

the.e

.ervice.

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305 425-4671

are

available

office•.

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.'

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ANGELES*

1000

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Telephone [phone]

California

FRANCISCO

626

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Mountain View, California

Telephone [phone]

2600 Slemmon. Freeway, Suite 210
Dol/a.,

Texa.

75207

Telephone [phone]

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of

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514 737-3673

way

Canada

Quebec,

Toronto 15, Onlario,

Telephone [phone]

1255 Laird Boulevard

Town

re/ephone

90038

94040

....

Canada

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