Garmin G1000 Integrated Flight Deck



G1000

Integrated Flight Deck

Pilot’s Training Guide

190-00368-05 Rev. A Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide i

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August 2006 Printed in U.S.A.

ii Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide 190-00368-05 Rev. A

INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................1

G1000 Integrated Flight Deck....................................................................................................................................... 1

Purpose......................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Flight and Ground Instruction....................................................................................................................................... 1

Level of Knowledge Attained........................................................................................................................................ 1

Ground Lesson 1........................................................................................................................3

INTRODUCTION AND G1000 SYSTEM OVERVIEW............................................................................................ 3

Exercise 1.1:.................................................................................................................................................................. 3

Terminology and Review of Pertinent Federal Aviation Regulations.............................................................................3

Exercise 1.2: Component Review.................................................................................................................................. 6

Ground Lesson 2........................................................................................................................9

TRANSITION TO THE PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD)..................................................................................... 9

Exercise 2.1: Instrumentation Layout............................................................................................................................ 9

Exercise 2.2: Instrumentation Depiction...................................................................................................................... 10

Ground Lesson 3......................................................................................................................11

POWER-UP, SELF-TEST, CHECKLIST ................................................................................................................ 11

Exercise 3.1: System Initialization............................................................................................................................... 11

Ground Lesson 4......................................................................................................................13

TRANSPONDER OPERATION........................................................................................................................... 13

Exercise 4.1: Operating Modes and Code Entry .......................................................................................................... 13

Exercise 4.2: Practice (Optional) ................................................................................................................................. 14

Ground Lesson 5......................................................................................................................15

COM RADIO AND AUDIO PANEL OPERATION................................................................................................ 15

Exercise 5.1: COM Operation and Methods of Frequency Tuning ............................................................................... 15

Exercise 5.2: Practice (Optional) ................................................................................................................................. 16

Exercise 5.3: Audio Panel Operation........................................................................................................................... 17

Ground Lesson 6......................................................................................................................19

NAVIGATION .................................................................................................................................................. 19

Exercise 6.1: Land-based Navigational Aids................................................................................................................ 19

Exercise 6.2: Practice (Optional) ................................................................................................................................. 21

Exercise 6.3: GPS Navigation...................................................................................................................................... 22

Exercise 6.4: Practice (Optional) ................................................................................................................................. 23

Exercise 6.5: Instrument Approaches.......................................................................................................................... 24

Exercise 6.6: Practice (Optional) ................................................................................................................................. 26

Exercise 6.7: Vertical Navigation (VNAV).................................................................................................................... 27

Exercise 6.8: Charts..................................................................................................................................................... 28

Ground Lesson 7......................................................................................................................29

MULTI FUNCTION DISPLAY (MFD) OPERATION.............................................................................................. 29

Exercise 7.1: MFD Configuration and Controls............................................................................................................ 29

Ground Lesson 8......................................................................................................................31

PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD) OPERATION................................................................................................ 31

Exercise 8.1: PFD Configuration and Controls............................................................................................................. 31

Ground Lesson 9......................................................................................................................33

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES............................................................................................................................ 33

Exercise 9.1: Emergencies and Failure Modes............................................................................................................. 33

Ground Lesson 10....................................................................................................................35

TERRAIN AWARENESS/TAWS ......................................................................................................................... 35

Exercise 10.1: TAWS Operation................................................................................................................................... 35

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Ground Lesson 11....................................................................................................................37

TRAFFIC OPERATION...................................................................................................................................... 37

Exercise 11.1: Traffic Information Service ................................................................................................................... 37

Ground Lesson 12....................................................................................................................39

WEATHER OPERATION ................................................................................................................................... 39

Exercise 12.1: Weather and Digital Audio Entertainment ........................................................................................... 39

Exercise 12.2: Lightning Detection..............................................................................................................................42

Exercise 12.3: Weather Radar..................................................................................................................................... 43

Ground Lesson 13....................................................................................................................45

GFC 700 AUTOMATIC FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM (AFCS) .............................................................................. 45

Exercise 13.1: Flight Director and Autopilot Operation............................................................................................... 45

Appendix.................................................................................................................................47

CONSIDERATIONS ON USING THE G1000 INTEGRATED FLIGHT DECK TO ENHANCE THE AERONAUTICAL

DECISION MAKING (ADM) PROCESS AND SINGLE-PILOT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (SRM)........................ 47

iv Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide 190-00368-05 Rev. A

INTRODUCTION

G1000 Integrated Flight Deck

The G1000 is a completely integrated avionics system, designed to fit a broad range of aircraft
models. It is an all-glass fight deck that presents flight instrumentation, location, navigation,
communication, and identification data on large-format, high-resolution displays. The digital
data presentation on the G1000 puts all flight-critical information literally at the pilot’s
fingertips.

Purpose

This Pilot’s Training Guide is provided to help the pilot transition to Garmin G1000-equipped
aircraft. Use this study guide in combination with the G1000 Simulator and/or the G1000 Pilot’s
Guide as well as the flight instructor’s guidance and feedback to maximize G1000 training before
taking delivery of a new G1000-equipped aircraft.

NOTE: Ground lessons should be completed before starting flight training.

NOTE: In this training guide, each lesson contains exercises as well as a list of resources

that are recommended before completing these exercises.

Flight and Ground Instruction

It is important to coordinate ground lessons with a properly trained flight instructor. Work
with an instructor to make sure that the system is fully understood. This training guide works
best if an instructor is involved from the very beginning. Work with an instructor to ensure that
the flight lessons cover all appropriate material. Note that the instructor may determine that
additional training is required to review aircraft systems, procedures, airspace, or other
knowledge areas. Practice under an instructor until confidently proficient with the G1000
system.

Level of Knowledge Attained

The material contained in this guide is designed to help pilots progress from basic to advanced
levels of knowledge. The basic skills of interpreting the Primary Flight Display (PFD), tuning the
radios, and operating the Audio Panel are covered early on in the training material. Later
sections cover navigation, terrain, and other more complex material. The Pilot’s Training Guide
is designed so that pilot and instructor can begin basic training quickly.

NOTE: It is not necessary to complete the Navigation portion of the material before taking

off on a local training flight.

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2 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide 190-00368-05 Rev. A

Ground Lesson 1

INTRODUCTION AND G1000 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to do the following:

• Describe the basic components of the G1000 Integrated Flight Deck

• Describe the communication between G1000 components

Resources

• G1000 Pilot’s Guide

• Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) and supplements

• Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) and supplements

• Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)

• Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR)

Exercise 1.1:
Terminology and Review of Pertinent Federal Aviation Regulations

1. Define and describe the following navigation abbreviations and acronyms:

• WAAS

The Wide Area Augmentation System is a satellite navigation system consisting of
equipment and software which augment the GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS). It
provides enhanced integrity, accuracy, availability, and continuity over and above GPS
SPS. The differential correction function provides improved accuracy required for
precision approach.

• LNAV

Lateral Navigation provides lateral guidance to a profile or path. This terminology is
used for GPS non-precision approaches.

• LNAV/VNAV

Lateral Navigation/Vertical Navigation describes an approach in which lateral guidance
as well as vertical glide slope guidance is provided.

• LPV

Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance is a new type of APV approach procedure
in which the angular lateral precision is combined with an electronic glidepath. TERPS
approach criteria are very similar to that used for ILS approaches.

• VNAV (or VNV)

Vertical Navigation manages the altitude profile. The concept of the VNAV is to assign a
target altitude to assist in controlled decent operations. Using the flight plan, a target
altitude may be assigned to any waypoint. To reach the target altitude, the rate of descent
is calculated and displayed and vertical guidance is provided to reach the descent profile.

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• APV

Approach with vertical guidance is an International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
term referring to specific ICAO criteria adopted in May 2000. This approach
classification allows stabilized descent using vertical guidance without the accuracy
required for traditional precision approach procedures. The US has developed criteria for
lateral/vertical navigation (LNAV/VNAV) and LPV approach procedures that meet this
approach classification. LNAV/VNAV and LPV approaches provide guidance in both the
lateral and vertical planes.

• SBAS

Satellite-based augmentation systems use satellites and networks of ground stations to
provide improved accuracy for received GPS satellite signals. Internationally, many
countries are working with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to
standardize satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) globally. WAAS is an SBAS
currently being implemented in the United States

2. Describe how WAAS provides improved accuracy.

The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) uses a network of ground stations to
provide necessary corrections to received GPS SPS navigation signals. Precisely surveyed
ground reference stations are strategically positioned across the country, including in
Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, to collect GPS satellite data. Using this information, a
message is developed to correct any signal errors. These correction messages are then
broadcast the same frequency as GPS signals by communication satellites to receivers on
board aircraft. WAAS is designed to provide the additional accuracy, availability, and
integrity necessary to enable users to rely on GPS for all phases of flight, from enroute
through approach for all qualified airports within the WAAS coverage area.

WAAS supplies two different sets of corrections:
clock, etc.) and

2

Ionospheric parameters. The first set of corrections is user position
independent (i.e., they apply to all users located within the WAAS service area). The
second set of corrections is area specific. WAAS supplies correction parameters for a
number of points (organized in a grid pattern) across the WAAS service area. The user
receiver computes ionospheric corrections for the received GPS signals based on
algorithms which use appropriate grid points for the user location. Furthermore, the
appropriate grid points may differ for each GPS satellite signal received and processed by
the user receiver, since GPS satellites are located at various positions in the sky relative to
the user. The combination of these two sets of corrections allows for significantly
increased user position accuracy and confidence anywhere in the WAAS service area.

1

corrected GPS parameters (position,

3. Explain the capabilities of TSO-C146a GPS equipment during instrument approaches, per

the AIM.

The equipment automatically utilizes WAAS error corrections for safe navigation of
LNAV/VNAV instrument approaches. These approaches provide both horizontal and
vertical guidance. This equipment can also navigate LPV approaches developed
specifically for WAAS, providing ILS-like performance.

4. Equipped with TSO-C146a GPS equipment, what other navigational instruments must your

aircraft have on board to navigate in National Airspace?

Using TSO-C146a GPS equipment, a pilot could legally navigate solely by use of WAAS
GPS, even in areas where VOR or NDB reception is poor or non-existent. All TSO
C129/C129a systems require the presence of another approved navigation system
appropriate to the intended route of flight.

4 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide 190-00368-05 Rev. A

5. When filling a flight plan, what suffix is used for a current Global Positioning System (GPS)

database with WAAS?

“/G” is the suffix used for GPS flight plans.

6. What are the position accuracy improvements with the WAAS?

TSO-C129a systems:

• Horizontal position accuracy ≈ 50 feet (15m)

• Vertical position accuracy ≈ 74 feet (23m)

• GPS position update rate = 1 Hz

TSO-C146a systems:

• Horizontal position accuracy < 10 feet (3m)

• Vertical position accuracy < 15 feet (4.5m)

• GPS position update rate = 5 Hz

7. Describe the differences between fly-by and fly-over GPS waypoints and draw their

respective symbols.

Fly-by waypoints allow for turn anticipation, whereas fly-over waypoints must be
crossed, most often due to terrain clearance issues. Both symbols can be found on
approach plates.

8. What does RAIM stand for? Describe its purpose and relationship with WAAS GPS receivers.

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring provides integrity check capability to ensure
the safe use of GPS for IFR flight operations (see AIM for drawing verification). The only
time RAIM prediction is needed for TSO-C146a systems is when WAAS is not available.

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Exercise 1.2: Component Review

1. Define the following equipment abbreviations and acronyms:

• AHRS

An Attitude and Heading Reference System is a solid-state electrical gyro system.

• ADC

An Air Data Computer calculates and digitizes pitot, static, and temperature inputs.

• TIS

The Traffic Information Service is Mode S-carried traffic awareness FAA service.

• TAWS

Terrain Awareness and Warning System is a TSO-C151b, Class B, certified optional
feature on the G1000, designed to increase situational awareness and aid in reducing
Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT).

• AFCS

An Automatic Flight Control System provides pitch/roll steering guidance and sends
commands to an autopilot to operate the flight control surfaces.

2. Describe the function of the following components of the G1000 Integrated Flight Deck:

• GRS 77

The Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) provides aircraft attitude and
heading information to the Primary Flight Display (PFD) and the primary Integrated
Avionics Unit (IAU; GIA #1). The AHRS contains advanced sensors (including
accelerometers and rate sensors) and interfaces with the Magnetometer to obtain magnetic
field information, with the ADC to obtain air data, and with both IAUs to obtain GPS
information.

• GMU 74

The tri-axis magnetometer measures local magnetic field and sends data to the AHRS for
processing to determine aircraft magnetic heading. This unit receives power directly from
the AHRS.

• GIA 63

The Integrated Avionics Units (IAU) function as the main communications hub, linking
all LRUs with the PFD. Each IAU contains VHF COM/NAV/GS receivers and system
integration microprocessors.

• GDU 10XX

Primary Flight and Multi Function displays (PFD and MFD) show flight instruments
and navigation information, respectively. GDU number may differ depending on aircraft
installation.

• GTX 33

The solid-state Transponder provides Modes A, C, and S capability.

6 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide 190-00368-05 Rev. A

• GMA 1347

The Audio Panel integrates navigation/communication radio (NAV/COM) digital audio,
intercom, and marker beacon controls, and is installed between the displays. This unit
also provides manual control of display reversionary.

• GDL 69/69A

The Datalink Satellite Radio Receiver provides real-time weather information to the
G1000 MFD and PFD Inset Map, as well as digital audio entertainment (GDL 69A only).
A subscription to XM Satellite Radio Service is required to enable the GDL 69A capability

• GWX 68

The Airborne Weather Radar is a four-color digital pulsed radar.

• GFC 700

The GFC 700 is a fully-integrated Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS), which
includes a flight director, autopilot, and manual electric trim capability.

3. What is the primary interface used between the G1000 components?

Digital, uni-directional Ethernet buses using a proprietary Garmin protocol are the
primary communication links between G1000 Line Replaceable Units (LRUs).

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8 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide 190-00368-05 Rev. A

Ground Lesson 2

TRANSITION TO THE PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY (PFD)

Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to read, understand, and interpret the
six primary flight instruments displayed on the PFD that indicate airspeed, attitude, altitude,
vertical speed, turn rate/coordination, and heading.

Resources

• G1000 Pilot’s Guide

• G1000 Cockpit Poster

Exercise 2.1: Instrumentation Layout

In the space provided below, sketch the six primary flight instruments as displayed. Also,
include additionally displayed instruments, such as the Vertical Deviation/Glideslope Indicator,
Marker Beacon Annunciation, Traffic Annunciation, and TAWS Annunciation on the PFD.

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Exercise 2.2: Instrumentation Depiction

Assume that the aircraft is flying with the following indications and fill in the appropriate fields
on the sketch with this data. Note that some data is not displayed for certain G1000
installations.

• Airspeed = 140 KIAS

• True Airspeed = 154 KTAS

• Altitude = 6760 ft

• Vertical Speed = 0 fpm

• Heading = 95°

• Barometric Altimeter Setting = 30.02 in Hg

• Outside Air Temperature = 4°C

10 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide 190-00368-05 Rev. A

Ground Lesson 3

POWER-UP, SELF-TEST, CHECKLIST

Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be able to correctly identify proper alignment
of the AHRS/ADC, complete a system self-test, and verify the database data.

Resources

• G1000 Pilot’s Guide

• G1000 PC-based Simulator

Exercise 3.1: System Initialization

1. How does one verify the aircraft software upon power-up?

The aircraft system version information is located on the top right corner of the MFD
power-up splash screen and also on the AUX – System Status Page. It is very important to
make sure the correct aircraft software is loaded, especially after the aircraft has
undergone any maintenance action.

2. Is the aircraft required to remain stationary while the AHRS and ADC align?

No, the AHRS/ADC can align while the aircraft is moving and even in flight at bank
angles of up to 20°.

3. Is any warm-up time required for the engine instrumentation to be accurate?

No, a warm-up period is not required for engine instrument display accuracy.

4. What pilot action should be taken if the MFD system self-test does not pass?

The pilot should shut down the aircraft and contact maintenance.

5. Where can one verify the effective dates of the Jeppesen database during the initial system

start-up?

The Jeppesen database effective dates are located at the right-hand side of the MFD start
up splash screen at the conclusion of the scrolled text sequence.

6. If the Jeppesen database is not current in the G1000, can the system still be used for IFR

flight?

Yes, but one cannot file a “/G” flight plan for GPS use or use the GPS for instrument
approach procedures.

7. How does one verify if the autopilot has passed its preflight system test?

Upon completion of the preflight test, the AFCS Status Annunciation ‘PFT’ will
extinguish and aural tone will be generated.

8. How does one verify if TAWS passed its preflight system test?

Upon completion of the preflight test, the ‘TAWS TEST’ annunciation will extinguish
and the voice alert, “TWAS system test OK”, will be generated.

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9. A pilot is planning a fight to KAPA (Centennial Airport, Denver, CO) from KCOU

(Columbia, MO). When arriving at the aircraft, the pilot notices that the Jeppesen database
is out of date by 3 cycles (84 days).

• Can the pilot make the flight under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR)?

Yes, but one cannot file “/G” on the flight plan form, and the VOR/LOC/GS receivers

must be used for navigation.

• What enroute flight planning considerations must be made?

All enroute ground navigational aids (NAVAIDs) must be operational. This can be

verified by checking the Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs).

• What destination flight planning considerations must be made?

One can only accept a VOR/LOC/ILS approach at KAPA.

12 Garmin G1000 Pilot’s Training Guide 190-00368-05 Rev. A

Ground Lesson 4

TRANSPONDER OPERATION

Objectives

Upon completion of this lesson, the pilot should be familiar and comfortable with the
operation of the integrated transponder controls located on the PFD of the G1000 System. This
includes the selection of the transponder operating mode, squawk code entry, and IDENT
activation.

Resources

• G1000 Pilot’s Guide

• G1000 PC-based Simulator

Exercise 4.1: Operating Modes and Code Entry

1. To which transponder operating mode does the G1000 System default when it is first

powered up, if equipped with the Garmin Mode S Transponder (GTX 33)?

The Transponder begins operating in Ground mode, indicated by the letters ‘GND’ in the

Transponder Status Box.

2. Describe the process for entering a newly assigned transponder code.

1. On the PFD, press the XPDR Softkey

2. Press the CODE Softkey.

3. Use the appropriate digit softkeys to enter the assigned code. On certain airframes,
the transponder code can also be entered using the numeric keypad on an MFD/PFD
Control Unit (GCU).

3. Which Garmin LRU failure will cause the G1000 to lose Mode C/S capability?

If an Air Data Computer (GDC 74) fails, the GTX 33 Transponder will lose the pressure

altitude source, leaving it to operate in Mode A only.

4. Equipped with a GTX 33 Transponder, how is the G1000 able to receive traffic information?

Once the aircraft is airborne, the GTX 33 Transponder is able to receive traffic data and
display it graphically on the PFD/MFD maps. The aircraft must be within the coverage of
terminal Mode S radar sites to display TIS information.

5. What is acquisition squitter?

Acquisition squitter is transponder transmission that is sent periodically regardless of
the presence of interrogations. Its purpose is to make Mode S ground stations and Traffic
alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)-equipped aircraft aware of the presence of
Mode S-equipped aircraft.

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