Xylem EXO1, EXO2 User Manual

EXO User Manual

ADVANCED WATER QUALITY MONITORING PLATFORM

Item# 603789REF Revision A

e information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice.

Eort has been made to make the information in this manual complete, accurate, and current. e manufacturer shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions in this manual. Consult EXOwater.com for the most up-to-date version of this manual.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

1.1 EXO1 Sonde Overview

1.2 EXO2 Sonde Overview

1.3 EXO Handheld Overview

1.4 EXO Sensors Overview and Specications

1.5 Conductivity/Temperature

1.6 Depth and Level

1.7 Dissolved Oxygen

1.8 fDOM

1.9 pH and ORP

1.10 Total Algae (Chlorophyll and Blue-green Algae)

1.11 Turbidity

2. Operation

2.1 Install Batteries

2.2 Install/Remove Sensors

2.3 Install/Remove Sensor Guard or Calibration Cup

2.4 Sonde States and LED Descriptions

2.5 Awake Sonde, Activate Bluetooth Attach Sonde to Handheld

2.6 Field Cable

2.7 Bluetooth Wireless Communication

2.8 Install KOR Soware Connect Sonde

2.9 USB

2.10 Bluetooth Link to PC

2.11 Data Collection Platform

2.12 Flow Cell

3. Handheld

3.1 Install Batteries

3.2 Power On/O Handheld Attach Handheld to Sonde

3.3 Field Cable

3.4 Bluetooth Wireless Communication

Spot Sampling

3.5 View Live Data

3.6 Record Spot Sampling Data

3.7 Upload Data

3.8 GPS

4. KOR Software

4.1 Introduction to Navigation

4.2 Run Menu

4.3 Calibrate Menu

4.4 Deploy Menu

4.5 Sites Menu

4.6 Data Menu

4.7 Options Menu

4.8 Connections Menu

4.9 Help Menu

4.10 Data Files & File Locations

4.11 SDI-12

pg | 3

5. Calibration

5.1 Introduction to Basic Procedure

5.2 Calibrating Conductivity/Temperature

5.3 Calibrating Dissolved Oxygen

5.4 Calibrating Depth

5.5 Calibrating pH

5.6 Calibrating ORP

5.7 Calibrating Turbidity

5.8 Calibrating Total Algae (Chlorophyll and Blue-green Algae)

5.9 Calibrating fDOM

5.10 Calibration Standards

5.11 Calibration Record Sheet

6. Maintenance

6.1 Sonde Storage, Short-term and Long-term

6.1 Sonde Maintenance

6.2 Install/Replace Sonde Batteries

6.3 Replace Sonde Bails

6.4 Update Sonde Firmware

6.5 Handheld Maintenance and Storage

6.6 Install/Replace Handheld Batteries

6.7 Update Handheld Firmware & KOR Soware on Handheld

6.8 Depth Sensor Storage and Maintenance

6.9 Standard Optical Sensors Maintenance and Storage

6.10 Conductivity/Temperature Sensor Maintenance and Storage

6.11 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Storage, Maintenance and Rehydration

6.12 Sensor Cap Replacement

6.13 pH and ORP Sensor Storage, Maintenance and Rehydration

6.14 Sensor Module Replacement

6.15 Wiper Maintenance and Storage

6.16 Field Cable Maintenance and Storage

6.17 Antifouling Equipment Maintenance Sacricial Anode

6.18 Connectors Maintenance and Storage

6.19 Flow Cell Maintenance

pg | 4

7. Health & Safety, Warranty, Service

7.1 Chemicals Conductivity Solutions pH Solutions Zobell Solution Turbidity Standard

Ultraviolet Light (fDOM Sensor)

7.2 Radio Frequency

7.3 Declarations of Conformity

7.4 Instrument Warranty

7.5 Instrument Cleaning & Packing Instructions

7.6 Recycling

2.9

EXO 1 Sonde

1.1

Overview

e EXO1 sonde is a multiparameter instrument that collects water quality data. e sonde collects the data with up to four user-replaceable sensors and an integral pressure transducer. Each sensor measures its parameter via a variety of electrochemical, optical, or physical detection methods. Each port accepts any EXO sensor and automatically recognizes its type. Depending on user-dened settings, the EXO1 will collect data and store it onboard the sonde, transfer the data to a data collection platform (DCP), or relay it directly to a user’s PC or EXO Handheld.

Users communicate with the sonde via a eld cable to an EXO Handheld, Bluetooth® wireless connection to a PC or EXO Handheld, or a USB connection (via communications adapter) to a PC.

Speciﬁcations

Operating Environment

Depth Rating Medium

Material

Internal Logging Memory Capacity

250 meters, 820 feet Water

Xenoy titanium, copper-nickel alloy, 316 stainless steel

512 MB

, Lexan® , bronze,

Universal Sensor Ports

Software

Communications

Sonde Adapters

Power

External Internal

Temperature

Operating Storage

Battery Life

Dimensions

Diameter Length Weight

Kor Interface Software

Bluetooth, Field Cable, USB, RS-485;

USB, SDI -12/RS -232

9-16 VDC 2 D - size batteries

-5 to 50°C

-20 to 90 days typically

(see pg 78)

4.70 cm,1.85 in

64.77 cm, 25.50 in

1.65 kg, 3.63 lb

80°C

pg | 5

EXO1 Sonde

599501

Removable Bail

599473

6-Pin Cable Connector

Upper Battery Compartment Seal

O-rings 599680

Battery Compartment

Battery Cover

Lower Battery Compartment Seal

Pressure Transducer Opening

Red LED Indicator

– Sonde

Status

Blue LED Indicator – Bluetooth

On/Off Magnetic Switch for Power and Bluetooth

Bulkhead

Sensor

Port Plug

599475

Calibration Cup

599289

Sensor Guard

599333, 599563

pg | 6

Guard Weight

599471, 599365

2.9

EXO2 Sonde

1.2

Overview

e EXO2 sonde is a multiparameter instrument that collects water quality data. e sonde collects the data with up to six user-replaceable sensors and an integral pressure transducer. Each sensor measures its parameter via a variety of electrochemical, optical, or physical detection methods. Each port accepts any EXO sensor and automatically recognizes the type of sensor. Depending on user-dened settings, the EXO2 will collect data and store it onboard the sonde, transfer the data to a data collection platform (DCP), or relay it to a user’s PC or EXO Handheld via cable, USB connection, or Bluetooth connection.

In addition to six standard sensor ports, the EXO2 also has a bulkhead port for a central wiper (or an additional sensor) and an auxiliary port on top of the sonde. is auxiliary port will allow the user to connect

the EXO2 to other EXO sondes.

Users communicate with the sonde via a eld cable to an EXO Handheld, Bluetooth® wireless connection to a PC or EXO Handheld, or a USB connection (via communications adapter) to a PC.

Speciﬁcations

Operating Environment

Pressure Transducer Openings

Depth Rating Medium

Material

Internal Logging Memory Capacity

Software

250 meters, 820 feet Water

Xenoy, Lexan, bronze, titanium, copper-nickel alloy, 316 stainless steel

512 MB

Kor Interface Software

Wiper/Sensor Port

Universal Sensor Ports

Communications

Sonde Adapters

Power

External Internal

Temperature

Operating Storage

Battery Life

Dimensions

Diameter Length Weight

Bluetooth, Field Cable, USB, RS-485;

USB, SDI -12/RS -232

9-16 VDC 4 D - size batteries

-5 to

-20 to 90 days typically

(see pg 80)

7.62 cm, 3.00 in

71.1 cm, 28.00 in

2.65 kg, 5.83 lb

50°C

80°C

pg | 7

EXO2 Sonde

599502

Removable Bail

599474

Auxiliary Port 6-Pin Cable Connector

Battery Cap/Pressure Relief Valve

O-rings 599681

Battery Compartment Opening

Battery Compartment

pg | 8

On/Off Magnetic Switch for Power and Bluetooth

Red LED Indicator

– Sonde

Status

Blue LED Indicator – Bluetooth

Bulkhead

Sensor

Port Plug

599475

Sensor Guard

599334, 599564

Calibration Cup

599316

Central Wiper

599549

Guard Weight

599472, 599366

2.9

EXO Handheld

1.3

Overview

e EXO Handheld (HH) is a rugged, microcomputer-based instrument that allows the user to display sonde readings, congure sondes, store and retrieve data, and transfer data from sondes to a computer. Equipped with GPS, barometer, and custom operating system, the Handheld communicates via Bluetooth wireless technology, eld cable, or USB connector. e unit utilizes an adjustable backlit screen for easy day or night viewing. Preinstalled KOR soware facilitates all user interaction and provides powerful control over data collection.

Top View

Speciﬁcations

US B Port Speaker

Microphone is for future functionality; not active yet

Magnet GPS Antenna

Tripod Mount (1)

Barometer Vent

Handstrap Mount

Battery Cover

(internal)

Back View

Barometer

GPS

Microphone

Audio Speaker

Operating System

Material

Memory

Software

Communications

Power

Internal

Temperature

Operating Storage

Dimensions

Width Length Weight w. batt.

Yes

Windows CE 5.0

Polymer, rated to IP-67 in factory tests

2 GB

Kor Interface Software

Bluetooth, Field Cable, USB

4 C - size alkaline batteries

-5 to

-20 to

11.9 cm, 4.7 in

22.9 cm, 9.0 in

0.91 kg, 2.1 lb

50°C

80°C

Handstrap Mount

pg | 9

EXO Handheld

599150

Bluetooth Indicator

Wi-Fi Indicator is for future functionality; not active yet

Daylight-viewable LCD

Soft Keys (2)

Menu Escape Navigation Arrows (4) & Return

Backspace Tab Power Brightness

Alphanumeric Keypad

Shift

pg | 10

Cable Connector

EXO Sensors

1.4

Overview

e EXO product line includes nine sensors that detect a variety of physical, chemical, and biological properties of natural water. EXO sensors are designed to collect highly accurate data under ever-changing environmental conditions.

Data Filtering

All EXO sensors share some common embedded soware, including the ltering of real-time data. Sensors acquire environmental data at a constant rate, and use this stream of data as the input to the ltering algorithm that produces results seen by the user. EXO sondes collect data from the EXO sensors and are able to output data at rates up to 4 Hz. e EXO sensor data ltering process consists of four components:

Basic Rolling Filter

e lter is fundamentally a rolling or window average of past acquired inputs to the lter, such that as a new data value is added to the summation, the oldest data value is removed, and the total summation is divided by the total number of data values. It is a simple average, just rolling or moving in time.

Adaptive Filtering

e drawback to a basic rolling lter is that response time to an impulse event is delayed, and the more entries in the average summation, the longer the delay for the result to converge on the true value. To correct this, the lter algorithm monitors the new data arriving and compares it to the current averaged result, looking for indication of an impulse event. When new data deviates from the average by more than a predetermined tolerance, the number of data entries within the rolling average is reduced to a minimum count and the remaining values are ushed with the new data. e result is a snap to the new value, entirely eliminating the inherent delay caused by the rolling average.

Outlier Rejection

Every time a newly acquired data value is added, the rolling average entries are scanned for outlier data. Although such data has already been determined to fall within the tolerances dened above, the remaining worst oenders are removed from the rolling average calculation. is outlier rejection allows for smoother continuous data results.

Calibration Stability

During calibration, the ltering is active as described, plus an additional feature works to provide stability feedback to the user. When the user attempts to calibrate a sensor, the sudden changes in environment are perceived as impulses or plunge events and the ltering reacts accordingly. e results immediately show the value of the solution, and aer a few moments, the lter incrementally engages fully and supplies the smoothest data. However, as the sensor and the calibration solution work towards equilibrium, the measurement may slowly dri. e sensor will monitor the results from the lter and determine if the measurement is stable. It watches the results and calculates a slope from each and every result to the next. Once the slope settles and is consistently at for approximately 30 seconds, the sensor is considered stable. KOR is then notied and calibration can continue.

pg | 11

Sensor Response Times

Response times for EXO sensors are based on laboratory testing. Actual response times in the eld may vary depending on application.

Sensor Accuracy Speciﬁcations

To maintain accuracy specications for EXO sensor, we recommend that users calibrate sensors in the lab in standards with temperatures as close to the ambient temperature of the eld water as possible.

pg | 12

2.9

Conductivity/Temperature

1.5

Sensor Overview

e EXO combination conductivity and temperature sensor should be installed in a sonde in nearly all sonde applications. Not only will this sensor provide the most accurate and fastest response temperature data, but it will also provide the best data for the use in temperature compensation for the other EXO probes. e conductivity data is used to calculate salinity, specic conductance, and total dissolved solids, and compensate for changes in density of water (as a function of temperature and salinity) in depth calculations if a depth sensor is installed.

Temperature Thermistor

e temperature sensor uses a highly stable and aged thermistor with extremely low-dri characteristics. e

Conductivity Cell

Speciﬁcations

Conductivity

Default Units

Temperature

Operating Storage

Range

Accuracy

Response

Resolution

Sensor Type

Temperature

microSiemens/centimeter

-5 to +50°C

-20 to +80°C

0 to 200 mS/cm

0-100 mS/cm: ±0.5% of reading or 0.001 mS/cm, whichever is greater; 100-200 mS/cm: ±1% of reading

T63<2 sec

0.0001 to 0.01 mS/cm range-dependent

4-electrode nickel cell

(see pg 12)

(continued)

599870

Default Units

Temperature

Operating Storage

Accuracy

Response

Resolution

Sensor Type

°Celsius

-5 to +50°C

-20 to +80°C

-5 to 35°C: ±0.01°C 35 to 50°C: ±0.05°C

T63<1 sec

0.001°C

Thermistor

pg | 13

thermistor’s resistance changes with temperature. e measured resistance is then converted to temperature using an algorithm. e temperature sensor receives a multi-point NIST traceable wet calibration and the accuracy specication of 0.01˚C is valid for expected life of the probe. No calibration or maintenance of the temperature sensor is required, but accuracy checks can be conducted and logged through the KOR interface soware.

Conductivity Electrodes

e conductivity sensor uses four internal, pure-nickel electrodes to measure solution conductance. Two of the electrodes are current driven, and two are used to measure the voltage drop. e measured voltage drop is then converted into a conductance value in milliSiemens (millimhos). To convert this value to a conductivity value in milliSiemens per cm (mS/cm), the conductance is multiplied by the cell constant that has units of reciprocal cm (cm-1). e cell constant for the conductivity cell is approximately 5.5/cm ±10%. For most applications, the cell constant is automatically determined (or conrmed) with each deployment of the system when the calibration procedure is followed.

Temperature Compensation

EXO sensors have internal thermistors for quality assurance purposes. However, this internal temperature is not logged or displayed. Turbidity uses the internal thermistor for temperature compensation, while all other EXO sensors reference the C/T probe for temperature compensation. To display and log temperature, a C/T probe must be installed in an EXO sonde.

pg | 14

Depth

1.6

Sensor Overview

EXO measures depth of water with a non-vented strain gauge. A dierential strain gauge transducer measures pressure with one side of the transducer exposed to the water and the other side exposed to a vacuum. We calculate depth from the pressure exerted by the water column minus atmospheric pressure. Factors inuencing depth measurement include barometric pressure, waterdensity, and temperature. Calibration in the atmosphere “zeros” the sensorwith respect to the local barometric pressure. A change in barometricpressure will result in a zero shi unless the transducer is recalibrated to the new pressure.

EXO sondes have intake openings to allow water to act on the strain gauge. e EXO1 intake is located in

the yellow section between the battery compartment and label of the sonde. e EXO2 intake openings are two small holes on the face of the sonde bulkhead.

Location of Depth Sensor

Depth sensors are not on center. When deploying the sonde vertically, take care to ensure the sonde is redeployed in same position. Oen a marker pin inside a PVC pipe is used. In horizontal deployments, take care to ensure the redeployments are always in the same orientation. is is especially important for the EXO2 sonde because the depth

EXO 2 Depth Intake

EXO 1 Depth Intake

sensor is o-axis.

(continued)

Speciﬁcations

Depth Sensor Location relative to other water quality sensors (see EXO sonde label)

Depth Sensor Location

27.2 cm to WQ Sensors

Units

Temperature

Operating Storage

Range

Accuracy

Response

Resolution

Sensor Type

PSI, Depth (m, ft, bar)

-5 to +50°C

-20 to +80°C

Shallow: 0 to 33 ft (10 m) Medium: 0 to 328 ft (100 m) Deep: 0 to 820 ft (250 m)

Shallow: ±0.04% FS (±0.013

ft or ±0.004 m) Medium: ±0.04% FS (±0.13 ft or ±0.04 m) Deep: ±0.04% FS (±0.33 ft or ±0.10 m)

T63<2 sec

0.001 ft (0.001 m)

Stainless steel strain gauge

(see pg 12)

pg | 15

Location of Depth Sensor (continued)

To assist with consistent horizontal orientation, the EXO2 sonde has an indentation at the top of the sonde for a marker or positioning pin.

e sonde should be installed with at least 1 cm of water above the intake ports.

If a conductivity sensor is installed, the depth will be compensated automatically for changes in the density of water as temperature and salinity change.

Depth Conﬁguration

EXO sondes must be ordered with a specic depth option: 0-10 m, 0-100 m, 0-250 m, or no depth. Once the depth selection is made, the sonde’s depth sensor cannot be changed.

pg | 16

2.9

Dissolved Oxygen

1.7

Sensor Overview

e principle of operation of the EXO optical Dissolved Oxygen sensor is based on the well-documented concept that dissolved oxygen quenches both the intensity and the lifetime of the luminescence associated with a carefully chosen chemical dye. e EXO DO sensor operates by shining a blue light of the proper wavelength on this luminescent dye which is immobilized in a matrix and formed into a disk. e blue light causes the immobilized dye to luminesce and the lifetime of this dye luminescence is measured via a photodiode in the probe. To increase the accuracy and stability of the technique, the dye is also irradiated with red light during part of the measurement cycle to act as a reference in the determination of the luminescence

lifetime.

When there is no oxygen present, the lifetime of the signal is maximal; as oxygen is introduced to the membrane surface of the sensor, the lifetime becomes shorter. us, the lifetime of the luminescence is inversely proportional

Sensor Cap

Sensor without

Sensor Cap

to the amount of oxygen present and the relationship between the oxygen pressure outside the sensor and the lifetime can be quantied by the Stern-Volmer equation. For most lifetime-based optical DO sensors, this SternVolmer relationship

((Tzero/T) – 1) versus O2 pressure

is not strictly linear (particularly at higher oxygen pressures) and the data must be processed using analysis by

(continued)

599100, 599110

Speciﬁcations

Units

Temperature

Operating Storage

Range

Accuracy

Response

Resolution

Sensor Type

% Saturation, mg/L

-5 to +50°C

-20 to +80°C 0 to 500% air sat.

0 to 50 mg/L 0-200%: ±1% reading or 1%

air sat., whichever is greater; 200-500%: ±5% reading 0-20 mg/L: ±1% of reading or

0.1 mg/L; 20-50 mg/L: ±5% reading

T63<5 sec

0.1% air sat.

0.01 mg/L

Optical, luminescence lifetime

(see pg 12)

pg | 17

polynomial non-linear regression. Fortunately, the non-linearity does not change signicantly with time so that, as long as each sensor is characterized with regard to its response to changing oxygen pressure, the curvature in the relationship does not aect the ability of the sensor to accurately measure oxygen for an extended period of time.

pg | 18

fDOM

1.8

Sensor Overview

e EXO fDOM (Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter) sensor is a uorescence sensor which detects the uorescent component of DOM (Dissolved Organic Matter) when exposed to near-ultraviolet (UV) light.

Colored Dissolved Organic Matter

Users might wish to quantify colored dissolved oxygen matter (CDOM) in order to determine the amount of light which is absorbed by stained water and thus is not available for the photosynthesis process carried out by subsurface aquatic plants and algae. In most cases, fDOM can be used as a surrogate for CDOM.

Quinine Sulfate

A surrogate for fDOM is Quinine Sulfate, which, in acid solution, uoresces similarly to dissolved organic matter. e units of fDOM are quinine sulfate units (QSUs) where 1 QSU = 1 ppb quinine sulfate and thus quinine sulfate is really a double surrogate for the desired CDOM parameter.

e EXO fDOM sensor shows virtually perfect linearity

=1.0000) on serial dilution of a colorless solution of

WARNING

UV LIGHT

Do not look

directly at light.

quinine sulfate. However, on serial dilution of stained water eld samples, the sensor shows some underlinearity. e point of underlinearity in field samples varies and is

(continued)

599104

Speciﬁcations

Units

Temperature

Operating Storage

Range

Response

Resolution

Sensor Type

Linearity

Detection Limit

Optics: Excitation

Emission

Quinine Sulfate equivalents (QSE), ppb

-5 to +50°C

-20 to +80°C

0 to 300 ppb QSE

T63<2 sec

0.01 ppb QSE

Optical, ﬂuorescence

>0.999 for serial dilution

R of 300 ppb Quinine Sulfate solution

0.07 ppb QSE

365±5 nm

480±40 nm

(see pg 12)

pg | 19

aected by the UV absorbance of the DOM in the water. Testing shows that underlinearity can occur at fDOM concentrations as low as 50 QSU. is factor means that a eld sample with an fDOM reading of 140 QSU will contain signicantly more than double the fDOM of a sample that reads 70 QSU. is eect—good linearity in colorless quinine sulfate solution, but underlinearity in stained eld samples—is also exhibited by other commercially available fDOM sensors and thus the performance of the EXO sensor is likely to be equivalent or better than the competition while providing the advantages of easy integration into a multiparameter package and automatic mechanical cleaning when used in monitoring studies with an EXO2 sonde.

pg | 20

2.9

pH and ORP

1.9

Sensor Overview

Users can choose between a pH sensor or a combination pH/ORP sensor to measure these parameters. pH describes the acid and base characteristics of water. A pH of 7.0 is neutral; values below 7 are acidic; values above 7 are alkaline. ORP designates the oxidizing-reducing potential of a water sample and is useful for water which contains a high concentration of redox-active species, such as the salts of many metals and strong oxidizing (chlorine) and reducing (sulte ion) agents. However, ORP is a non-specic measurement—the measured potential is reective of a combination of the eects of all the dissolved species in the medium. Users should be careful not to overinterpret ORP data unless specic information about the site is known.

(continued)

Speciﬁcations

Units

Temperature

Operating Storage

Range

Accuracy

Response

Resolution

Sensor Type

ORP

Units

Temperature

Operating Storage

pH units

-5 to +50°C 0 to 60°C

0 to 14 units

±0.1 pH units within ±10°C of calibration temperature; ±0.2 pH units for entire temp range

T63<3 sec

0.01 units

Glass combination electrode

millivolts

-5 to +50°C 0 to 60°C

(see pg 12)

EXOISE1, EXOISE2, EXOISE5, EXOISE6, 599795, 599797

Range

Accuracy

Response

Resolution

Sensor Type

-999 to +999 mV

±20 mV in Redox standard solution

T63<5 sec

0.1 mV

Platinum button

(see pg 12)

pg | 21

Replaceable Sensor Module

e EXO pH and pH/ORP sensors have a unique design that incorporates a user-replaceable sensor tip (module) and a reusable sensor base that houses the processing electronics, memory, and wet-mate connector. is allows users to reduce the costs associated with pH and pH/ORP sensors by only replacing the relatively inexpensive module periodically and not the more costly base.

e connection of the module to the sensor base is designed for one connection only and the procedure must be conducted in an indoor and dry environment. Once installed the module cannot be removed until you are prepared to replace it with a new module. See section 6.14 for detailed instructions.

Users must order either a pH or pH/ORP sensor. Once ordered the sensor is only compatible with like-model sensor modules. For example, if a pH sensor is purchased initially, then the user must order a replaceable pH sensor module in the future; it cannot be replaced with a pH/ORP module.

Electrodes

EXO measures pH with two electrodes combined in the same probe: one for hydrogen ions and one as a reference. e sensor is a glass bulb lled with a solution of stable pH (usually 7) and the inside of the glass surface experiences constant binding of H+ ions. e outside of the bulb is exposed to the sample, where the concentration of hydrogen ions varies. e resulting dierential creates a potential read by the meter versus the stable potential of the reference.

e ORP of the media is measured by the dierence in potential between an electrode which is relatively chemically inert and a reference electrode. e ORP sensor consists of a platinum button found on the tip of the probe. e potential associated with this metal is read versus the Ag/AgCl reference electrode of the combination sensor that utilizes gelled electrolyte. ORP values are presented in millivolts and are not compensated for temperature.

Ampliﬁcation

Signal conditioning electronics within the pH sensor improve response and increase stability. Amplication (buering) in the sensor head is used to eliminate any issue of humidity in the front-end circuitry and reduce noise. Finally, the EXO pH sensor is insensitive to proximal interference during calibration due to having the circuit next to the sensor and having a well-shielded pH signal.

pg | 22

Total Algae (Chl & BGA-PC)

1.10

Sensor Overview

e EXO total algae sensor is a dual-channel uorescence sensor that generates two independent data sets; one resulting from a blue excitation beam that directly excites the chlorophyll a molecule, present in all photosynthetic cells, and a second from an orange excitation beam that excites the phycocyanin accessory pigment found in blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). is orange excitation triggers a transfer of energy from the phycocyanin to the central chlorophyll a, where photosynthesis is initiated.

Although blue-green algae contain chlorophyll a, the chlorophyll uorescence signal detected by in situ uorometers is weaker than in eukaryotic phytoplankton. is results in an underestimate of algae biomass when

using a single-channel chlorophyll sensor when blue-green algae are present. e EXO total algae sensor generates a more accurate total biomass estimate of the planktonic autotrophic

and

community by exciting chlorophyll

Speciﬁcations

Units

Chlorophyll BGA - PC

Temperature

Operating Storage

Range

RFU, µg/L Chl RFU, µg/L PC

-5 to +50°C

-20 to +80°C Chl: ~0 to 400 µg/L Chl; 0 to

100 RFU BGA-PC: 0 to 100 µg/L PC; 0 to 100 RFU

phycocyanin.

(continued)

599102

Response

Resolution

Sensor Type

Linearity

Detection Limit

Optics: Chl Excitation

PC Excitation

Emission

T63<2 sec

Chl: 0.01 µg/L Chl; 0.01 RFU BGA-PC: 0.01 µg/L PC;

0.01 RFU

Optical, ﬂuorescence

>0.999 for serial dilution

Chl: R of Rhodamine WT solution from 0 to 400 µg/L Chl equivalents BGA: R2>0.999 for serial dilution of Rhodamine WT solution from 0 to 100 µg/L PC equivalents

Chl: 0.09 µg/L Chl BGA-PC: 0.04 µg/L PC

470±15 nm

590±15 nm

685±20 nm

(see pg 12)

pg | 23

e sensor generates data in three formats: RAW, RFU, and an estimate of the pigment concentration in μg/L.

e RAW value is a value unaected by user calibrations and provides a range from 0-100, representing the per cent of full scale that the sensor detects in a sample.

RFU stands for Relative Fluorescence Units and is used to set sensor output relative to a stable secondary standard, such as Rhodamine WT dye. is allows users to calibrate sensors identically; for example, calibrating all sensors in a network to read 100 RFU in a concentration of Rhodamine WT dye. e sensors can then be deployed and generate data that is relative to all other sensors. Once a sensor is retrieved, it can be checked against that same standard to assess sensor performance, dri, or the potential eects of biofouling.

e μg/L output generates an estimate of pigment concentration. e relationship between μg/L and sensor’s RAW signal should be developed through following standard operating procedures of sampling the water body of interest, collecting sensor data from sample, and then extracting the pigment to establish a correlation. e higher the temporal and spatial resolution of the sampling, the more accurate this estimate will be.

Chlorophyll

e EXO chlorophyll sensor operates on the in vivo uorescence principle with no disruption of the cells required to obtain either spot readings or long-term data. e EXO sensor has an excellent detection limit as determined under laboratory conditions and this advantage should be realized in many eld applications.

EXO chlorophyll readings show excellent linearity on serial dilution of a surrogate solution of Rhodamine WT

>0.9999) and this should ensure relative accuracy of eld chlorophyll readings, i.e., a chlorophyll reading

(R of 100 units will represent twice the algal content of water with a chlorophyll reading of 50 units. Also, EXO chlorophyll readings show very low interference from turbidity, allowing for more accurate determination of algal content during rainfall events which release both sediment and algae into the water. e EXO chlorophyll sensor also exhibits very low interference from dissolved organics, increasing data accuracy.

Blue-green Algae

e EXO BGA readings show excellent linearity on serial dilution of a surrogate solution of Rhodamine WT

>0.9999) and this should ensure relative accuracy of eld BGA-PC readings, i.e., a BGA-PC reading of 100

(R units will represent twice the algal content of water with a BGA-PC reading of 50 units. A signicant advantage of the EXO BGA-PC sensor is that its readings show less interference from turbidity and this will allow for much more accurate determination of BGA-PC content during rainfall events which release both sediment and algae into the water.

pg | 24

2.9

Turbidity

1.11

Sensor Overview

Turbidity is the indirect measurement of the suspended solid concentration in water and is typically determined by shining a light beam into the sample solution and then measuring the light that is scattered o of the particles which are present. e suspended solid concentration is an important water quality factor and is a fundamental measure of environmental change. e source of the suspended solids varies in nature (examples include silt, clay, sand, algae, organic matter) but all particles will impact the light transmittance and result in a turbidity signal.

e EXO Turbidity sensor employs a near-infrared light source and detects scattering at 90 degrees of the

incident light beam. According to ASTM D7315 method, this type of turbidity sensor has been characterized as a nephelometric near-IR turbidimeter, non-ratiometric is method calls for this sensor type to report values in formazin nephelometric units (FNU). FNU is the default calibration unit for the EXO sensor but users are able to change calibration units to nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), raw sensor signal (RAW), or total suspended solids (TSS) assuming the user enters the appropriate correlation data.

e RAW value is a value unaected by user calibrations and provides a range from 0-100, representing the per cent of full scale that the sensor detects in a sample.

(continued)

599101

Speciﬁcations

Default Units

Temperature

Operating Storage

Range

Accuracy

Response

Resolution

Sensor Type

Optics: Excitation

ASTM D7315-07a “Test Method for Determination of

Turbidity Above 1 Turbidity Unit (TU) in Static Mode.”

FNU

-5 to +50°C

-20 to +80°C

0 to 4000 FNU

0-999 FNU: 0.3 FNU or ±2% of reading, whichever is greater; 1000-4000 FNU: ±5% of reading

T63<2 sec

0-999 NTU: 0.01 FNU 1000-4000 FNU: 0.1 FNU

Optical, 90° scatter

860±15 nm

(see pg 12)

pg | 25

While all turbidity sensors will read consistently in formazin, other calibration solutions and eld readings will vary between dierent models of turbidity sensors. ese dierences are thought to be a result of diering optical components and geometries and the resulting detection of varying suspended sediment characteristics. is eect is inherent in the nature of every turbidity sensor, and as a result readings between dierent model turbidity sensors are likely to show dierent eld values even aer calibration in the same standards.

For long-term, in situ continuous monitoring of turbidity, the EXO2 sonde has a wiper to clean the turbidity sensor to avoid sensor fouling and maintain accuracy.

pg | 26

Install Batteries

2.1

e EXO1 Sonde uses two (2) D-cell alkaline batteries and the EXO2 Sonde uses four (4) D-cell alkaline batteries as the recommended power source. Alternatively, the sonde may use rechargeable NiMH D-cell batteries that you purchase. See detailed installation instructions Section 6.2

1. Remove battery cover.

EXO1: Twist the blue battery cover counterclockwise to loosen, li up to remove. nec essar y.

Do not remove the screws on the sonde’s electronics compartment.

Use included wrench to loosen, if

EXO1

EXO2

EXO2: Unscrew and remove battery cap. Use included wrench to loosen, if necessary.

2. Install batteries.

Insert the batteries with positive terminals (+) facing up and negative terminals (-) facing down toward the probes.

3. Replace battery cover.

Replace the battery cover or cap and tighten until snug. Do not overtighten.

pg | 27

Install/Remove Sensors

2.2

EXO sensors have identical connectors and identify themselves via onboard rmware; therefore, users can install any probe into any universal sonde port. e exception is the wiper for the EXO2 sonde, which must be installed in the central Port 7. Individual ports are physically identied by an engraved number on the sonde bulkhead. Although the probes are wet-mateable, users should clean, lubricate, and dry the sonde and sensors connectors prior to installation or service, when possible.

1 Remove probe or port plug.

Remove the calibration cup and sensor guard from the sonde. Place the sonde on a clean, at surface and prevent it from rolling. R and place on a clean surface. If removing a sensor, nut and rotate counterclockwise to loosen. Pull the probe straight out of the port and place on a clean surface. Remove hydration caps or buer bottles on probes. Wipe dry with a clean, lint-free cloth.

emove port plugs by pulling straight out

use the probe tool in the locking

2 Clean port and install sensor.

Visually inspect the port for contamination. If the port is dirty or wet, clean it with a clean, lint-free cloth or compressed air. Apply a light coat of Krytox grease to the rubber mating surfaces of the connector. Insert the sensor into the port by properly aligning the connectors’ pins and sleeves (male and female contacts); then press them rmly together.

3 Tighten locking nut.

Taking care not to cross-thread the grooves, nger-tighten the locking nut clockwise. When the nut is seated against the bulkhead, tighten it with probe tool until snug. Once sensors or plugs are installed, reinstall the sensor guard to protect sensors from impact damage.

Take care not to twist the probe body when tightening and loosening the locking nut. Excessive twisting of the probe can damage the connector and is not covered under warranty.

pg | 28

Install/Remove Guard or

2.3

Calibration Cup

Sonde guards protect EXO sensors from impact throughout deployment. Users should always install the guard prior to data collection. e calibration cup (cal cup) is used for storage and calibration. We recommend using two guards: one for eld deployments and a second used exclusively for calibrations. Using a second guard will minimize calibration solution contamination (especially for turbidity) and calibration errors. EXO calibration cups install over an installed sonde guard. is conguration reduces the amount of standards required for calibration.

1 Install/remove sonde guard.

Install guard by threading it onto the sonde bulkhead threads. Rotate the guard clockwise on the bulkhead to install. Rotate it counterclockwise to remove. Always use one guard for deployment/storage and the other for calibration only.

Take care not to let the guard damage unguarded pH or pH/ORP sensors when installing and removing.

2 Install/remove calibration cup.

Before installation, loosen (but do not remove) the cup’s clamping ring. en, with the sonde guard already installed, slide the cal cup over the guard until the bottom of the guard rests against the bottom of the cal cup. Tighten the ring until snug. To remove the cal cup, loosen the ring by 1/4 turn and pull the guard free from the cup.

pg | 29

Sonde States and

2.4

LED Descriptions

States

An EXO sonde is always in one of three operational states: O, Awake, and Asleep. ese states determine the sonde’s current power usage and logging potential. When O , the sonde is not powered and cannot collect data (no batteries installed, no topside power). Users can apply power to the sonde internally, using batteries, or externally with an EXO eld cable attached from the topside port to an EXO Handheld, DCP or other approved power source. Once power is applied to a sonde, it is either Awak e or Asleep.

When in an Asleep state, the sonde remains in a very low

States

Off: Not powered, no data collection. Asleep: Low power. Waiting for command. Awake: Full power. Ready to collect.

LED Indicators

Blue LED – Bluetooth

None: Off, not active. On Solid: On, not linked. 2 Hz Blink: On, successfully linked.

Red LED – Sonde State

None: Sonde is Off or Asleep with logging disabled.

0.1 Hz Blink: Sonde is Asleep with logging enabled.

1 Hz Blink: Sonde is Awake. On: Sonde is Awake with faults.

power setting and waits for a user command or its next scheduled logging interval. An Awake sonde is fully powered and ready to collect data. Once awakened, a sonde remains Awake for ve minutes aer its last communication via Bluetooth or 30 seconds aer its last communication via the topside port. e sonde also automatically awakens 15 seconds before its next scheduled logging interval.

LED Indicators

Each sonde has two LED indicators that show the sonde’s status. The blue LED indicates the Bluetooth’s wireless connection status. e red LED indicates the sonde’s current state.

e Bluetooth light (blue) is activated by a magnet swipe at the magnetic activation area. When the blue LED is o, the Bluetooth is disabled. When the light is on continuously, the Bluetooth is enabled, but no link has been established. When the blue LED blinks at 2 Hz, the sonde’s Bluetooth is on, and has established a link.

When the red sonde state LED is o, the sonde is either O or Asleep and not logging. When it blinks at 0.1 Hz (once every 10 seconds), the sonde is Asleep and logging is enabled. When the red light blinks at 1 Hz, the sonde is Awak e and has no faults. If the red light is lit continuously, the sonde is Awake and has detected faults, such as problems with the system that need to be xed prior to use.

pg | 30

Modes

Within the Awake state, the sonde has three modes, which are activated via Kor soware. When “Inactive (O),” the sonde does not log any data. In “Real-Time” mode, the sonde continuously collects data at a user-specied interval (default is 2 Hz). “Sample/Hold” mode allows users to easily synchronize data between the sonde’s data logger and an external data collection platform.

Awaken Sonde,

2.5

Activate Bluetooth

Once power is applied to the sonde, internally or externally, users can awaken their sondes from Sleep state using any of several methods. Primarily, users activate EXO sondes and the Bluetooth connections via a magnetic switch installed in sonde’s electronics compartment. e sonde will automatically disable the connection and go to sleep once it has not received a Bluetooth signal for 5 minutes or a signal from the topside connector for 30 seconds. In order to activate their sondes, users should keep a magnet with them when setting up and deploying sondes. For more information on sonde states and LEDs, please see Section 2.4.

1 Awaken sonde with magnet.

Users can make their sonde go to the Awake state by holding a magnet at the magnetic activation area on the sonde’s bulkhead (identied by the illustrated magnet symbol on the label). Simply hold the magnet within one (1) cm of the symbol until the LEDs activate. EXO Handhelds and sensor tools contain embedded magnets identied by the same symbol.

2 Awaken sonde without magnet.

Users can also make their sonde go to the Awake state using any of the following methods.

• Cycling power to the sonde (uninstalling/installing batteries).

• Communicating via the topside port.

• Inserting a sensor.

In addition to these manual methods, the sonde also automatically awakens for scheduled unattended logging (programmed in Kor).

3 Activate sonde’s Bluetooth.

Users activate Bluetooth by holding a magnet at the magnetic activation area in the same way as described in Step 1. In addition to magnetic activation, users can also activate Bluetooth by:

• Cycling power to the sonde (uninstalling/installing batteries).

• Enabling Bluetooth via a connection at the topside port in Kor.

pg | 31

Attach Sonde to Handheld

2.6

Field Cable

All EXO cables have 6-pin and wet-mateable connectors. Each cable also incorporates a strain relief mechanism to alleviate stress on the connector. Read the Cable Maintenance section before rst-time use. Because Bluetooth wireless will not pass through water, users must use the cable to connect to the sonde when it is submerged and taking real-time eld readings that are being viewed by the user or logged by a data collection platform.

1 Attach cable to sonde.

Apply a light layer of Krytox grease to the male pins on the cable and the female connector on the sonde. Press in the male 6-pin connector, then screw down the retaining collar. Attach the cable’s strain relief to the sonde’s bail with a carabiner. e cable’s strain relief should be positioned to remove any weight-bearing from the actual connector and retaining collar.

2 Attach cable to handheld.

Apply a light layer of Krytox grease to the male pins on the handheld and the female connector on the cable. Press on the female 6-pin connector, then screw down the retaining collar. Connect the strain relief to the Handheld’s strap.

3 Discover sonde in KOR.

Upon startup of the Handheld, KOR soware searches for a hard-wired connection to the sonde. If KOR discovers the sonde it will request to connect to it.

pg | 32

Attach Sonde to Handheld

2.7

Bluetooth Wireless

Users can wirelessly connect EXO sondes (above water) to the EXO Handheld using Bluetooth wireless. With Bluetooth, users can reduce the amount of cables needed to operate their sonde. is wireless connection has a typical range of 10 meters, but this range will uctuate depending on the operating environment. Users cannot wirelessly connect through water.

In order to connect via wireless, both devices must be powered on.

1 Activate sonde’s Bluetooth.

Activate Bluetooth by holding a magnet at the magnetic activation area. In addition to magnetic activation, users can also activate Bluetooth by cycling power to the sonde (remove/reinstall batteries).

2 Discover sonde in KOR.

Every time the Handheld powers on, it automatically searches for a sonde via the hard-wired cable connection.

3 Rescan sonde.

If a wired connection is not found, and to manually establish a connection to a sonde via Bluetooth, navigate to the Connections menu in KOR soware on the Handheld. Select Rescan. KOR will rescan and detect Bluetoothenabled sondes. Select the sonde from the list and then click the Connect button.

pg | 33

Install KOR Software

2.8

e desktop KOR soware is supplied will all EXO sondes on a USB ash drive. Installing the soware will require Administrative privileges on the local PC. It is important to install KOR soware prior to using the USB Signal Adapter, as the required drivers for the adapter are installed along with KOR soware.

NOTE: A “lite” version of KOR soware on the EXO handheld does not require any installation.

1 Install KOR software and drivers.

Insert USB drive and install soware using the startup.exe le. Reboot the computer aer installation of the soware.

e program installs several items: EXO-KOR soware, National Instruments supporting soware, and USB drivers for the EXO USB adapter.

When complete, the program will reside in the root Program menu (not in a subfolder) with the following icon:

Additionally, a folder called National Instruments will be created; however this information will not be accessed through the course of normal operation.

Minimum requirements:

Minimum requirements on a computer for KOR soware:

• Windows®XP (service pack 3) or newer Windows operating platform (Windows®7 recommended)

• Microso .NET (any version from 2.0 through 3.5 Service Pack 1)

• 500 MB of hard disk space (1 GB recommended)

• 2 GB of RAM (4 GB recommended)

• Screen with resolution of 1280x800 or greater

• Available USB 2.0 port

• Internet access for soware updates

• Optional: Integral Bluetooth or USB dongle Bluetooth

adapter

2 Software updates

When they become available, updated versions of KOR soware will be posted to www.EXOwater.com. Users

will need to register a free account to access the soware download.

pg | 34

Connect Sonde

2.9

USB

e USB signal output adapter (USB-SOA #599810) allows users to connect to an EXO sonde over a standard USB connection. Although the USB-SOA is rugged and water resistant, users should protect its connectors with the included cap when not in use. e SOA should never be submerged.

Prior to use, users must install KOR soware and its drivers on the associated PC. e USB-SOA will not work without the drivers that accompany KOR See section 2.8.

1 Connect SOA to sonde.

Remove the plug from the 6-pin connector on the sonde. Apply a light layer of Krytox grease to the male pins on the sonde and the female connector on the USB-SOA. en align the connector’s six pins and jackets, and press them rmly together so that no gap remains.

2 Connect USB cable to SOA and PC.

Remove the protective cap from the USB end of the SOA, and ensure that the connector is clean and dry. en insert the small end of the provided USB cable into the SOA connector and the large, standard side into one of the PC’s USB ports.

Attaching the adapter to the PC causes a new device to be recognized. Windows automatically installs the drivers and creates a new port. Each new adapter that is attached creates a new port.

Ports

KOR automatically scans ports for both USB adapters and Bluetooth. To view the USB adapter and its associated comm port, go to the Control Panel on your computer, click Device Manager, then click Ports.

pg | 35

Connect Sonde

2 .10

Bluetooth

Before users can communicate wirelessly with their EXO sondes, they must establish a Bluetooth link. All EXO sondes are equipped with Bluetooth wireless. is technology provides a secure, two-way, reliable communication channel with which users can communicate with their sondes above water without cables. Many new computers are equipped with Bluetooth wireless installed internally; those without Bluetooth can use a Bluetooth dongle (not included). Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for installing the dongle’s soware and hardware. Administrative permissions and IT support may be required depending on the

adapter and your PC settings.

1 Install Bluetooth dongle (optional).

If your computer is not equipped with internal Bluetooth, insert a Bluetooth dongle (not provided) into any of the computer’s USB ports. Wait for the computer to automatically install the device and its drivers. Once the installation is complete, the computer should indicate that the device is installed and ready to use.

e preferred Bluetooth conguration is Windows 7 with native Windows Bluetooth drivers and soware.

2 Activate sonde’s Bluetooth.

Users activate Bluetooth wireless by holding a magnet at the magnetic activation area. In addition to magnetic activation, users can also activate Bluetooth by:

• Applying power to the sonde

• Enabling Bluetooth via KOR through a USB or eld

cable connection at the topside port.

See more information on sonde activation and LED conditions in sections 2.4 and 2.5.

3a Establish Bluetooth link. (Win XP)

1.Open Control Panel>Bluetooth Devices.

2.Check “My device is setup and ready to be found,” then

click “Next.”

3.Locate the sonde from the options. e sonde name should begin with YSI.

4.Select “Use passkey found in documentation,” and enter the passkey 9876. Click “Next.”

5.Select Finish.

e device is now available in the “Devices” tab.

pg | 36

3b Establish Bluetooth link. (Win 7)

1.Open Control Panel>Devices and Printers.

2.Select “Add a Device” from the top of the screen.

3.Locate the sonde name (starts with YSI) from the options.

4.Select “Enter the device’s pairing code,” then enter the

pairing code 9876. Click “Next.”

3c Alternative: Establish Bluetooth link.

(Win 7)

1.Launch KOR soware and click the Connections menu.

2.Click Rescan button.

3.Click Search Bluetooth button. is may take up to 40

seconds, and may require several attempts using the Refresh button.

4.Select the device from the list and click Connect.

e sonde is now available in the Devices and Printers screen.

4 Conﬁrm successful link.

Once the device has been added, conrm that the device appears in:

• Win XP -Devices tab of the BT Devices window

• Win 7 - Devices and Printers screen

If the device is not listed, attempt the establishment process again.

is process establishes a secure wireless link between the sonde and a PC. Once established, users will not need to perform this process again in order to link with the sonde. Users communicate with the sonde via the KOR soware. Once this wireless link is established, use KOR to nd the sonde and perform desired operations.

Ports

KOR automatically scans ports for both USB adapters and Bluetooth. To view the comm port associated with Bluetooth, go to the Bluetooth menu on your computer,, click Show Bluetooth Devices, click on the device you added, then click Properties.

pg | 37

Connect Sonde

on reverse

2.11

Data Collection Platform (DCP)

is signal output adapter (SOA) allows users to connect an EXO sonde to a Data Collection Platform (DCP) as well as power it via an external 12 V DC source (not included). Users wire a sonde cable with ying leads into one side of the SOA and an SDI-12 /RS-232 output and power source into the other. Mount the SOA in a humidity-controlled enclosure using the following recommended hardware, and never attempt to perform electrical work beyond your experience.

1 Conﬁgure sonde.

Using KOR soware, go to the Deploy menu and choose to deploy by opening a template or starting a custom deployment. Click Edit, then go to the SDI-12 tab and select your parameters and the SDI address. e sonde’s default address is zero (0). Click save. Refer to Section 5 KOR Soware for more details.

2 Route cable.

Determine the sonde cable routing to the DCP, and protect the cable from chafe damage and impact.

Route the cable through a sealing gland into the DCP, and ensure that the seal is air-tight and water-tight.

3 Mount SOA.

Users can mount the SOA horizontally or vertically either by the screw slots on the sides of the SOA or with the included 3M adhesive strips. e screw slots were designed to accept #4 wood screws but may accept other types and sizes.

If the user opts to use adhesive strips, rst clean the application surface with a 50:50 mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water, then mount them in temperatures between 21° and 38°C and allow the bond to cure for 72 hours if possible before attaching wires.

pg | 38

4 C onnect ﬂying lead cable to sonde.

Press in the male 6-pin connector, then screw down the retaining collar. Attach the cable’s strain relief to the sonde’s bail with a carabiner. e cable’s strain relief should be positioned to remove any weight-bearing from the actual connector and retaining collar.

5 Prepare wires.

Always follow proper safety precautions when performing electrical work.

Properly strip the ends of the wire. Remove 0.25 inches of insulation from each wire then twist the bared strands together. All wires should be 18-24 AWG and are not included with the SOA.

6 Insert wires into SOA.

Loosen the clamping screw with the supplied screwdriver, insert the indicated wire into the terminal strip, and tighten the clamping screw back down onto the exposed wire end. Ensure that all strands are inserted to avoid short circuits. Take care not to strip the slots in the heads of the screws.

• Connect DCP signal ground to SOA SDI ground terminal

(recommend black wire)

• Connect DCP SDI-12 data terminal for SOA SDI-12

terminal (recommend violet wire)

• Connect DCP output ground terminal to SOA power

ground terminal (recommend black wire)

• Connect DCP 12 VDC output to SOA 9-16 VDC input

terminal (recommend red wire).

pg | 39

Sonde

Expansion

(Handheld)

Power

RS-232

SDI-12

+ 9-16V DC

- Ground

1 Amp Fuse

Voltage

esondeisdesignedtorunwith12-voltbatteries,with supplyvoltagesbetween9and16VDC.

should be directly powered by a sealed battery or installed as part of a remote solar system.

1-ampslow-blowfuseforprotection. allwiringiscompleted. 

When used with a solar system always ensure use of 12-volt solar regulator. Never connect the sonde directly to solar panel; voltages above 16.5 volts will cause the sonde to shut down and excessive voltage will permanently damage the sonde and is not covered under warranty.



PowertheSOAthrougha

ese systems

Removethefuseuntil

pg | 40

Connect Sonde

2.12

Flow Cell

ere are two versions of the EXO ow cell: EXO1 ow cell (#599080) and EXO2 ow cell (#599201). Flow rate of the ow cell is typically between 100 mL and 1 L per minute. Maximum ow rate depends on tubing type, size, and length. Maximum pressure for each ow cell is 25 psi.

Inspect sonde and ﬂow cell.

Remove the sonde guard or calibration cup from the sonde so that the sensors are exposed.

Make sure that the threads of the sonde and ow cell as well as all o-rings are clean and free of any particles such as sand, grit, or dirt.

Insert sonde into ﬂow cell.

Outﬂow ..

Insert the sonde into the top of the ow cell. Be careful not to bump or scrape the sensors on the sides of the ow cell.

Screw the sonde into the ow cell by turning the sonde clockwise until it is hand-tightened into place; do not use a tool.

Inﬂow ..

Connect tubing to ﬂow cell.

Install the Quick Connect tube ttings onto the ow cell by inserting them into the Quick Connect coupling body. ey should snap into place.

Connect the tubing from your pump (not included) to the Quick Connect tube ttings, making sure that the tubing is pushed securely onto the ttings. e inow should be at the bottom of the ow cell and the outow should be at the top.

Keep ow cell vertical to purge it and ensure air release from Conductivity/Temperature sensor.

Do not turn on water to the system until the ow cell is securely connected.

pg | 41

is page intentionally le blank

pg | 42

Handheld

3.1

Install or Replace Batteries

e EXO Handheld (HHs) uses four (4) C-cell alkaline batteries as a power source. Users can extend battery life by putting the HH in “Sleep” mode, when convenient, by pressing and holding the power button for less than three seconds. Rechargeable Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries can also be used. Battery life varies depending on GPS and Bluetooth wireless use.

1 Remove battery cover panel.

e battery cover panel is located on the back of the HH. To remove the panel, unscrew (counter-clockwise) the four screws with a at or Phillips head screwdriver.

Note: e retaining screws are integrated into this panel and are not independently removable. If replacement is necessary, replace the entire assembly.

2 Insert/replace batteries.

Remove the old batteries and dispose of them according to local ordinances and regulations. Install the new batteries between the battery clips with their polarity (+/-) oriented as shown on the bottom of the battery compartment.

If you use your own rechargeable batteries, they cannot be charged inside the handheld; they should be charged outside the handheld.

3 Reinstall battery cover panel.

Ensure that the rubber battery cover gasket is seated properly, then replace the cover onto the back of the HH. Tighten the four retaining screws back into their holes, but do not overtighten.

pg | 43

Power On/Off Handheld

3.2

Users can power on/o and awaken/put to sleep the EXO Handheld (HH) depending on use. In order to use the HH, users must rst power it on. When nished with the HH, users should power it o to increase its battery life. When temporarily not using the HH, users should put it to sleep, and awaken it when next needed. e HH’s sleep mode is a low-power mode designed to increase its battery life. When nished with the HH for a long period of time, users should power it o and remove the batteries.

1 Power on/awaken handheld.

With batteries installed, press and hold the power button for one second. e Bluetooth wireless indicator will then illuminate. Next the splash screen will appear then briey go black (approximately 5 seconds) while the system starts up. e HH will then automatically start Kor.

If the HH is asleep, users should briey press the power button to awaken it.

2 Power off/put to sleep.

To power o the HH, users must press and hold the power button for more than three seconds. Once the button has been held long enough, the screen will power down and go black.

To put the HH to sleep, press and hold the power button for less than three seconds, and release it. e screen will then go black.

pg | 44

Attach Handheld to Sonde

3.3

Field Cable

All EXO cables have 6-pin and wet-mateable connectors. Each cable also incorporates a strain relief mechanism to alleviate stress on the connector throughout deployment. Read the Cable Maintenance section before rsttime use. Although the cables are wet-mateable, users should dry the connectors prior to installation when possible. Always protect connectors by leaving the cable or connector caps installed even when the connector is not in use. Always attach the cable’s strain relief mechanism to the bail when the sonde is deployed.

1 Attach cable to sonde.

If needed, lightly grease the black rubber part of the connector with Krytox grease. Press in the male 6-pin connector, then screw down the retaining collar. Attach the cable’s strain relief to the sonde’s bail with a carabiner. e cable’s strain relief should be positioned to remove any weight-bearing from the actual connector and retaining collar.

2 Attach cable to handheld.

3 Discover sonde in KOR.

Upon startup of the Handheld, KOR soware searches for a hard-wired connection to the sonde. If KOR discovers the sonde, it will request to connect to it.

pg | 45

Attach Handheld to Sonde

3.4

Bluetooth Wireless

Users can wirelessly connect their EXO sondes (above water) to the EXO Handheld using Bluetooth wireless communication. With Bluetooth, users can reduce the amount of cables needed to operate their sonde. e wireless connection has a typical range of 10 meters, but this range will uctuate depending on the operating environment. Users cannot wirelessly connect through water.

In order to connect via wireless, both devices must be powered on.

1 Activate sonde’s Bluetooth.

Users activate Bluetooth by holding a magnet at the magnetic activation area. In addition to magnetic activation, users can also activate Bluetooth by cycling power to the sonde (remove/reinstall batteries).

2 Discover sonde in KOR.

Every time the Handheld powers on, it automatically searches for a sonde via the hard-wired cable connection.

3 Rescan sonde.

pg | 46

Spot Sampling

3.5

View Live Data

When connecting through the Handheld, KOR soware attempts to automatically connect to an available sonde and start displaying current data in a live view. To manually access the live view from either the Handheld or Desktop, go to the Run menu and choose “Dashboard.” Users can set view preference in the live view menu to display numeric live data (default) or a graph view, where a maximum of two parameters can simultaneously be plotted on the screen. For overview of KOR menus, see section 4; for overview of Handheld

keypad functions, see section 1.3

Data dashboard and graph

Users can toggle between numeric dashboard and live graph views using a so key. e other so key may be used to log information displayed on the screen.

Dashboard image at le; live graph image at middle le.

Parameter preference

Users can select which parameters to display in both graph and dashboard modes by using the backspace and tab keys on the Handheld keypad. If an expected parameter is not available, rst set the appropriate units preference from the Options | Units menu.

Advanced display settings

Adjust data display settings for both dashboard and live graph modes in the Run menu. Select Settings to change the settings for log mode (up to 100 points), graph type (time series or vertical prole), sample interval (default is 1 sec), and default parameters to view.

pg | 47

Spot Sampling

3.6

Record Spot Sampling Data

e sonde can be used for both continuous and spot-sampling applications. Spot-sampling readings are refreshed in real-time on the Dashboard screens. e so keys on the Handheld allow logging of this information. ere are two options when logging data: log a single point or continuous logging. Users may select one of these options from the live view settings window. (Live view log settings should not be used for deploying a sonde in continuous monitoring applications. Use the Deploy menu for these applications.)

1 Capture data.

To capture spot sample les, go to the Run menu and click the so key below the Capture Data button.

Select a site from the list of your pre-programmed sites on the Handheld. If no sites have been loaded in the Handheld, skip this step. e site data is appended to the data le.

Data is captured in a .cap le on the Handheld.

2 Name ﬁle.

Whether logging data a single point at a time or logging a stream of data, information will be stored in a le specied under the Options menu. If a unique le name is not selected, then a default le is automatically created.

pg | 48

Upload Data

3.7

from Handheld to PC

e EXO Handheld stores two dierent sets of sensor data les: Files uploaded from the sonde and les manually logged into the Handheld from the live data mode. Both types of les can be sent to a PC via the USB cable. Note that KOR Desktop soware must rst be installed on a computer before transferring les from Handheld to PC.

1 Connect handheld to computer.

Plug the small end of the USB cable into the port on the top side of the EXO Handheld. Plug the other end of the USB cable into a port on your computer. Allow a minute for Windows to recognize the Handheld as a removable drive before the Handheld shows up in KOR soware.

2 Transfer ﬁles.

When the Handheld is connected to the PC, go to the Options | Sync with Handheld menu in KOR Desktop soware. Select Sync All and KOR will search all folders and synchronize the les automatically. Or users can select each folder separately and synchronize selected les manually.

3 Delete ﬁles.

Directory Maintenance: Users can browse folders and select les to delete from the Handheld. Deleting les is optional.

pg | 49

GPS

3.8

Upon startup of the Handheld, the GPS function automatically initiates a x of the location. is may take some time. During this process, the Handheld should remain stationary and have a clear view of the sky. e rst time a user powers on the Handheld, the GPS x can take up to a maximum of 20 minutes to obtain.

Enable GPS.

To manually enable GPS, go to the Options menu. Select Handheld | Enable GPS | On. Click Apply. When GPS is xed, a signal strength icon with green bars will appear. If the bars are black, then no GPS signal is found.

Turn on/off GPS.

e GPS consumes battery power and can be turned o to conserve battery life. To manage the GPS, go to the Options | Handheld | GPS menu and select On or O.

To display GPS units on screen, go to the Options | Units menu and select GPS Lati and GPS Long. When units are selected, GPS data is displayed on screen only if the GPS is turned on.

If the Handheld is stored for more than 10 days without batteries installed, then the user will need to re-enter the date and time. Additionally, it will take longer for the unit to obtain a new GPS x.

pg | 50

KOR Software

4.1

Users interface with the EXO sondes and handheld via KOR soware. Once the soware is installed and a device is connected to a computer or an EXO handheld, launch the KOR soware. (KOR Installation instructions, see section 2.8.)

Navigation

Both versions of KOR—Desktop KOR for computers and KOR for the EXO handheld—have the same basic menu structure. e main menu items are:

Run: is menu is used to display live data from the EXO sonde either in numeric or graphical display.

Calibrate: is menu is used to calibrate the sensors installed in the EXO sonde, aer the sonde is connected.

Deploy: Go to Deploy to set up the EXO sonde for logging deployments. Settings such as logging interval and SDI12 congurations are in this menu, as well as starting and stopping autonomous logging on the sonde.

Sites: Used to manage sites, this optional menu helps users create site detail that may be associated with les logged in the sonde.Not available now; future functionality.

Data: is menu enables le transfers from the EXO sonde or handheld, and can also be used without a sonde to view and export data les that were previously transferred to the desktop or handheld.

Options: Application preferences, sonde settings, and soware and rmware updates can be accessed through this menu. e user can change display units here.

Connections: is menu allows the user to connect to other sondes and devices, identify which probes are installed in which ports, and update Bluetooth settings.

Help: is page links to support resources for using KOR.

Status icons: e icons in the top right of the KOR window

are information-only displays. e white box shows the connected device by serial number and name, and the icons show if an EXO sonde is connected and if it is currently in logging mode. Check mark means it is and X means it is not.

pg | 51

KOR Software

4.2

Run Menu

e Run menu displays real-time water quality data in numeric or graph formats, and has three main submenus.

Dashboard

is real-time display shows data from connected devices. e data appears in a default order of parameters in the list. In the RUN menu, data is automatically buered, up to 1000 points, for all parameters that load into memory.

Capture Data: Use the Capture Data button to save a snapshot of the data buer to the computer. e captured data is automatically saved in the location specied in the Settings submenu.

Wipe Sensors: In the Dashboard menu, it is possible to manually activate the central wiper if the EXO2 sonde is equipped with one. is feature can be helpful when transferring the sensors into liquid; the wiper can help remove any bubbles that may be trapped at the sensor faces.

Note: Menu functionality is the same, although visual display dierences are found between KOR’s Desktop version (top) and

Handheld version (bottom).

Graph

is real-time display will graph one or two parameters from the attached EXO device. e parameters are chosen from the drop-down menu above the plot area. Only parameters currently active in the attached device will be available for plotting.

It is important to note the scale when viewing real-time data in Graph mode. Due to the precise nature of EXO sensors, very small micro-changes are visible in the graph.

• Auto-scaling enables KOR to best t data into the

available window, even if the Y-axis extremes vary by less than a unit.

• To manually scale the plot, rst deselect the Autoscale

button(s), then click the upper-most and bottom-most numbers on either Y-axis.

pg | 52

Capture

Data

Clear Buffer

Advanced

Plot Tools

Clear Buer: As in the Dashboard, the data buer can manually be saved to a le using the Capture Data button. Alternatively the buer data can be cleared using the Clear Buer button. Once the buer is cleared, it cannot be recovered.

Advanced Plot Tools are available to manipulate the graph. Explore these features by clicking either of the small plot lines in the upper right corner immediately above the plot to reveal the submenus.

Settings

e Settings menu denes the preferences for the RUN mode. Plot line colors and width can be chosen, as well as the default plot parameters. While all parameters are available to set as default, the connected device must have the corresponding sensor installed in order to plot the data.

File Mode: When using the Capture Data button, data will be saved to a le. When the le mode is set to NEW, a new data le will be created. When the le mode is set to Append, subsequent data is captured into the same le.

Log Mode: Controls the amount of data saved to a le. ALL data sends the entire real-time data buer (up to 1000 points for every parameter), while Last Point records a single data set (1 point for every parameter).

Sample Interval: is option corresponds to the refresh rate of the graph and dashboard. 1 sample per second (1 Hz) is typical for most real-time display; once per second new readings are posted to the buer and updated on the display. e sampling rate on the real-time display is limited to 4 samples per second (4 Hz) because of the processing eort of transferring the information to the PC.

File Prex: is prex is the le name that will appear at the beginning of the captured data le. KOR automatically applies a unique identier name on all les generated. e user can change this setting, but the le prex allows users to give the captured le a name.

Graph Type: Choose between Time Series or Proling graph displays. For future functionality; not active yet.

Default View: e Default View allows the user to choose between Dashboard or Graph as the default display when KOR automatically opens the Run menu.

Apply: When a eld is edited in the Settings menu, the user must click the Apply button to commit those changes. If you edit a eld, then attempt to navigate away, a warning box appears to remind you to apply or discard your changes.

pg | 53

KOR Software

4.3

Calibrate Menu

is menu is the main interface for calibrating EXO sensors. Calibration and verication settings will vary by sensor. A device must be connected to access the Calibrate menu.

For detailed calibration procedures for individual sensors, reference Section 5 Calibration.

Calibration menu overview

In the Calibrate menu, the list of installed sensors is shown on the le side of the window. If your sonde is congured with a depth sensor, Port D depth also appears in the list.

Sensor calibration menu

Select a sensor from the list to bring up a sensor-specic menu of parameters. For example, selecting ODO (optical dissolved oxygen) from the list, brings up a menu for the enabled parameters ODO % sat and ODO mg/L. (To change the enabled parameters, go to the Options | Units menu.)

Click on a parameter to bring up the sensor-specic calibration menu. e manufacturer recommended default calibration parameters are in bold.

A typical calibration window shows 1, 2, or 3 calibration points, depending on the sensor. If the sensor supports only a single calibration point, then the other calibration points are not active (grayed out).

Temperature: is eld displays current temperature, if a conductivity/temperature sensor is installed. If no sensor is installed, user can input data into this eld.

Barometer: Displays for DO calibrations only.

Standard Value: User-input eld for the calibration

setpoint based on the value of the standard being used.

pg | 54

Type : Optional eld for type of standard being used. Prepopulated for some calibrations; user-input eld for other calibrations.

Manufacturer: Optional eld to record manufacturer of calibration standard used. is data is logged in the calibration worksheet.

Lot number: Optional eld for calibration standard lot number, used for traceability purposes.

Advanced calibration menu

Each sensor calibration menu has an Advanced button to access advanced features for the specic parameter. Unique sensor options include TSS input for Turbidity and sensor cap coecients for DO.

Uncalibrate

e Uncalibrate function returns the probe back to factory calibration settings. Users may select this for troubleshooting if a calibration process on probe is not working correctly.

Calibrating multiple sensors

To calibrate multiple sensors of the same type concurrently, install all the sensors in the sonde. In the Calibration menu, click on the sensor, and new options are available in the second menu for calibrating ALL like sensors.

Follow the calibration instructions in KOR to calibrate all the sensors. Calibrations occur one aer the other, not simultaneously. Sensors are turned on one at a time so the user can validate each sensor’s reading and to avoid the possibility of interference from the other sensors.

Once all like sensors have been calibrated, they can be removed from the sonde and installed in other EXO sondes. e sensor will retain its calibration.

Note: Menu functionality is the same, although visual display dierences are found between KOR’s Desktop version (top) and

Handheld version (bottom), this page and previous page.

pg | 55

KOR Software

4.4

Deploy Menu

e Deploy menu is used mainly to congure an EXO sonde to collect unattended data and to manage deployment templates. is menu is dynamic based on the mode of the attached device. Two or three submenu options are available: Read Current Settings, Open a Template, and, if a connected sonde is logging, a Stop Deployment button.

Read current sonde settings

is menu scans the attached device and summarizes its current conguration, including battery life, sample count and when the next sample will be taken. e user can view the conguration, edit the conguration, or apply a saved template.

When reading the current sonde settings, KOR communicates with the EXO and performs a number of system checks, including a date and time check. If the sonde clock and the computer clock dier, then KOR noties the user.

Edit: Edit the existing settings using the Edit button. Deploy: Redeploy the sonde by clicking the Deploy button,

with these options:

• Start logging now. For example, a rst sample logs at

11:32:31, and with a 15-minute logging interval the next sample will log at 11:47:31.

• Sync logging at next even interval. For example, a rst

sample logs at 00:00:00, and with a 15-minute logging interval the next sample will log at 00:15:00, then 00:30:00, 00:45:00, etc. is set-up is typical. Logged data will be uniform.

• Set a custom start time. Choose the start date and time, which

can vary from minutes to days in the future, then click the Apply button to prepare the sonde for deployment. Setting a start time in the past causes the sonde to start logging immediately.

• Apply or Cancel. Click the Apply button to apply the edits

to the settings. Or click the Cancel button to update the sonde settings for SDI-12 but not actually start a log le.

Open a template

is submenu opens saved template les on the computer for conguration settings. Deploy immediately by opening default templates for 15-minute and one-hour logging intervals, which are stored in the KOR-EXO | Deployment Files folder located in the Program Files folder on the computer.

Template Edit: Open, edit, apply and save a template with a new name before deploying to the sonde.

pg | 56

Stop deployment

is Stop Deployment button appears when an attached EXO device is actively logging. Aer stopping a deployment, the button disappears and the icon in the upper right changes state to indicate the sonde is not actively logging data.

Advanced sampling and logging

Access the following functions in the in the Deploy | Open Template | Edit Template menu and click on the Advanced tab.

Logging Intervals

When deploying a sonde, data is logged and time-stamped at a routine sampling interval. A typical sampling interval for unattended logging is 15 minutes. If the sonde logs at 00:15:00, the sonde will wake up early to activate the sensors and start processing data. Typically this will be 1215 seconds before the time-stamp. If an averaging interval were activated, then the sonde would wake up 15 seconds early plus the averaging interval to start averaging the data.

Samples Per Wipe - Wiping Interval

In most deployments the user will choose to use the EXO2 central wiper to wipe the sensors preceding each logging interval. We recommend a wiping interval of 1 for 15-minute and 30-minute sampling intervals; 1 wipe will occur just prior to a sample being taken. Set the wiping interval to 2 and one wipe will occur every other sample. If you have a short sampling interval, such as 5 minutes, and biofouling is not aggressive, then you may not need to wipe the sensors prior to every sampling interval. In this case, you can set the wiping interval to 4, in which case it will wipe every fourth time a sample is taken, or approximately every 20 minutes. is action can help conserve battery life.

Setting Samples Per Wipe to 0 will disable the central wiper.

Sampling Rates

e sensors output data to the EXO sonde in real time, this data transfer rate varies by sensor and processing conditions but generally it can be assumed the sensor transfers data to the sonde twice a second (2 Hz). In high speed unattended sampling applications, like vertical proling, the sonde can be deployed to log data as fast as 4 times a second (4 Hz). e user can set the sampling interval, and the real time transfer between the sensors and sonde will automatically adjust to an appropriate output rate. e user can not manually control the output rate of the sensors themselves.

Sampling rates can vary signicantly depending on application, and a sampling rate will have a signicant impact on memory usage and battery consumption. An EXO2 sonde with a full payload can be expected to log more than 90 days at a 30-minute sampling interval, but the same sonde set to prole at 4 Hz (four times

pg | 57

per second) will have battery power for only one day. An estimate of this life is provided in the deployment summary screen, and should be considered when setting sampling intervals.

Burst Sampling

Burst sampling allows the user to collect a set of data at each logging interval. Activate Burst Sampling by clicking on Burst in the Logging Mode area of the Template Edit menu. en select a time duration between 1 and 300 seconds. Data will be collected at a rate of 2 Hz during the specied duration. is data set will allow users to perform advanced data analysis and post processing. However, note that this increased data in the logged le may more rapidly ll the internal memory of the data logger.

Adaptive Logging

Adaptive or Event Logging allows the user to select one or two sensors as triggers for a higher resolution logging interval. e user can set the trigger to activate above or below a pre-determined threshold level for the given sensor. Activate the Adaptive Logging feature by clicking the box next to Adaptive Logging. Enter values for the logging interval and duration elds. en select a trigger sensor for Parameter 1 from the drop-down list, set the Mode to Above, Below or O, and set the threshold value. Repeat this process for Parameter 2, if desired.

pg | 58

4.5

KOR Software

Sites Menu

Used to manage sites, this optional menu helps users create site detail that may be associated with les logged in the sonde. Not yet implemented in the rst version(s) of KOR.

KOR is a dynamic soware platform subject to additional development and future improvements. Soware menus and features are subject to change.

pg | 59

KOR Software

4.6

Data Menu

e Data menu is used to transfer les from the sonde or handheld and manage data les on a local computer.

e Transfer function will only work when connected to a sonde.

Transfer

Clicking the Transfer submenu button initiates a scan of the attached EXO and lists all les on the sonde.

Upload/copy les: Select les to upload by clicking a le name in the list, clicking the Select All button, or clicking multiple les by holding down the Control key. Selected les are highlighted in blue. Aer les are selected, use the Selected button to copy the le to the PC. Click the Latest button to copy the most recent le. e uploaded le(s) are in binary format and are stored in the Program Files\KOR-EXO\Data Files folder on the computer. See Data Files & File Locations section 4.10 for more detail.

Delete les:

selected les. Select the les to be removed and use the Delete Selected button to remove them permanently from the sonde.

Quick View: Click a le in the list, and then click the Quick View button to view the last 50 data points of the le.

Storage space: memory usage on the sonde. We recommend users keep a back-up copy of the binary les on the sonde, unless storage space is needed.

Aer les have been copied to the PC, users can delete

e progress bar on the bottom will indicate

View/export

Use this submenu to review binary les transferred from the sonde and export the binary data to dierent format.

View: Select and open a saved le from the Data Files pop-up menu. Alternatively, click the Select File button to manually open a le. When a le is loaded in KOR, you can view it one point at a time using the arrow buttons or change to a graph view using the Change View button.

Export: Click the Export Data button to export les to Excel format or delimited text le. For Excel format, an Excel spreadsheet automatically opens with the data. Save other open les in Excel rst, or the export will not work.

Settings

is submenu allows the user to set the default le location, export format, and data display formatting.

View calibration worksheets

is submenu allows the user to open and view saved Calibration Worksheets from the Calibration Files folder on the computer.

pg | 60

KOR Software

4.7

Options Menu

Many preferences, settings, and updates for KOR can be accessed through the Options menu.

Smart QC: KOR performs quality checks on each connected sonde and sensor and provides an overall Network QC Score.

Check mark: OK. X: Warning that part or all of the system is out of

specication ranges. Question mark: Unknown, not enough data to

determine QC score. Exclamation point: Caution. While OK now, one or

more parts of the system is getting close to being out of specication.

Sonde: Bluetooth pin number, activate Bluetooth, sonde ID/name, sonde date and time, battery type, and fault bit eld.

KOR soware on the EXO Handheld also has a Handheld submenu to set language, date and time, power, GPS, sound volume, Bluetooth pin number, and hibernate/sleep preferences on the Handheld itself.

User: Select Language setting, Idle Timeout setting, and Time Zone and Time Format preferences.

Units: Customize display units/parameters for each sensor, plus adjust wiper position and sonde cable and battery readings. While the sonde and sensors record data in xed formats, KOR can adjust the displayed units. For example, the Temperature sensor outputs degrees C to the sonde; however the display units can be set to degrees F, and the temperature reading is converted. Aer the units are set, data viewed on the Run menu will be displayed in this format.

Firmware: Check and update rmware on connected devices. KOR automatically searches for connected sondes, sensors, and handhelds and loads the table with sensor names, serial numbers and current rmware revisions. To update rmware, see instructions in section 6.4 and 6.7.

Calibration: To speed the calibration process, users can set default calibration settings for individual sensors and parameters here. Click the Apply button and changes take eect immediately.

Sync with Handheld: Upload les from Handheld to PC. See section 3.7.

pg | 61

KOR Software

4.8

Connections Menu

is menu allows the user to connect to other sondes and devices, identify which probes are installed in which ports, and update Bluetooth settings.

Rescan

is submenu allows the user to refresh and initiate connections to hard-wired devices, search for Bluetooth connections, or disconnect.

To reconnect to a sonde, wait for KOR to scan the devices, then select a device from the list. Click Connect.

Map

is menu allows the user to view serial numbers and the ports assigned to the sensors. As part of future functionality,

this menu will also display other sondes and sensors connected to the EXO network.

Settings

is submenu allows the user to control Bluetooth settings including PIN number and auto-scanning.

pg | 62

KOR Software

4.9

Help Menu

is menu connects the user to documentation resources for using KOR soware and the EXO products.

pg | 63

KOR Software

4.10

Data Files & File Locations

KOR soware is installed onto your computer’s default hard drive, which is typically C:\ on most Windowsbased PCs. e KOR program is then placed into the program le directory. On XP and Windows 7 32-bit systems, this folder is simply called Program Files. On 64-bit systems KOR is placed in the Program File (x86) folder. e two most common le paths are: C:\Program Files\KOR-EXO\ (XP and 32-bit Windows 7) C:\Program Files (x86)\KOR-EXO\ (64-bit Windows 7)

Data folders

Data Files: ese are the binary data les from EXO, which are only accessible via KOR. We strongly recommend you maintain all binary data les in this folder and also create a back-up copy.

Deployment Files: Templates for deployments are stored here. ey may be moved to another computer to provide consistent deployments across your organization.

Site Files: ese contain the site details used by KOR. ey may be copied to another computer running KOR.

Do not edit, move, or rename other les. is could damage KOR and aect system reliability.

Data ﬁles

Templates, binary data les, data les and conguration settings are in the KOR-EXO | Data Files folder. You can navigate to the KOR-EXO folder to access template and data les, if you want to copy them to another computer.

Data ﬁle names

Data les are given unique names to ensure no duplication. e le name structure is:

AAAAAAAA_YYMBBBBBB_MMDDYY_HHMMSS.bin Sample: EXODT_12N768062_033012_182618.bin

AAAAAAAA: User-dened le prex up to 8 characters, set in the deployment template or Run | Settings menu. YYMBBBBBB: EXO sonde serial number. YY represents the year the sonde was manufactured, M

corresponds to the month of manufacture, and BBBBBB is a unique sequential lot number. For live data capture les, the serial number is a number assigned to the instance of Desktop KOR or the serial number of the Handheld.

MMDDYY: MM is the month the data le was created, DD is the day of the month, and YY is the year. HHMMSS: UTC time stamp where HH is 24 hour the le was created, MM the minute, and SS the second. .bin: binary le extension. To obtain a delimited le format or Excel format, see section 4.6.

pg | 64

KOR Software

4.11

SDI-12

e sonde can be connected to an SDI-12 bus using a Signal Output Adapter (SOA). e SOA provides the necessary SDI-12 electrical interface and communicates to the sonde via the topside RS-485 interface. e SOA will automatically recognize when a sonde is connected and retrieve the SDI-12 address and ID from the sonde. e SDI-12 data parameter list is set by the user in the Deploy menu.

Sensor parameter codes

Temp

SpCond

Sal

Orp

Press

Depth

Battery

Turbidity

Date

C 1

µS/cm 7

ppt 12

mV 17

mV 19

psia 20

meters 22

Volts 28

NTU 37

D/M/Y 51

M/D/Y 52

Y/M/D 53

Time

Chlorophyll

Fluorescence

ODO%

ODO Conc+

BGA PC

HH:MM:SS 54

μg/L 193

% full scale 194

% 211

mg/L 212

RFU 216

pg | 65

Calibration

5.1

Basic

EXO sensors (except temperature) require periodic calibration to assure high performance. Calibration procedures follow the same basic steps with slight variations for particular parameters. Conduct calibrations in a temperature-controlled lab.

Calibration set-up

For accurate results, thoroughly rinse the EXO calibration cup with water, and then rinse with a small amount of the calibration standard for the sensor you are going to calibrate. Discard the rinse standard, then rell the calibration cup with fresh calibration standard. Fill the cup to approximately the rst line with a full sensor payload or the second line with small sensor payload. Volumes will vary, just make certain that the sensor is submerged.

Fill to line 2

Fill to line 1

Be careful to avoid cross-contamination with other standards.

Begin with a clean, dry probe installed on the EXO sonde. Install the sonde guard over the probe(s), and then immerse the probe(s) in the standard and tighten the calibration cup onto the EXO sonde. We recommend using one sonde guard for calibration procedures only, and another sonde guard for eld deployments. is ensures a greater degree of cleanliness and accuracy for the guard used in the calibration procedure.

Basic calibration in KOR software

Matching units

Click the Start Calibration button. is action initiates the probe’s calibration in the standard; initially the data reported will be unstable and then they will move to stable readings. Click the Graph Data button to compare the pre-cal and post-cal values in graph form. Users should conrm that the value is within their acceptable margin of error. Once readings are stable, click Apply to accept this calibration point. Repeat the process for each calibration point. Click Complete when all points have been calibrated.

A calibration summary appears with a QC score. View, export, and/or print the calibration worksheet. If a calibration error appears, repeat the calibration procedure.

Go the Calibrate menu in KOR soware. is menu’s appearance will vary depending on the sensors installed in the sonde. Select the sensor you are going to calibrate from the list. Next select the parameter for the sensor you are going to calibrate. Some sensors have only one parameter option, while other sensors have multiple options.

In the next menu, select a 1-, 2-, or 3-point calibration, depending on your sensor. Enter the value of the standard you are using. Check that the value you enter is correct and its units match the units at the top of the menu (e.g., microSiemens versus milliSiemens). You may also enter optional information for type of standard, manufacturer of standard, and lot number.

pg | 66

Calibration

4.45.2

Conductivity

Clean the conductivity cell with the supplied so brush before calibrating. Also, review the basic calibration description on pg 65.

is procedure calibrates conductivity, specic conductance, salinity, and total dissolved solids.

Place the correct amount of conductivity standard into a clean and dry or pre-rinsed calibration cup. A variety of standards are available based on the salinity of your environment. Select the appropriate calibration standard for your deployment environment; we recommend using standards greater than 1 mS/cm (1000 μ

S/cm) for greatest stability.

Carefully immerse the probe end of the sonde into the solution, making sure the standard is above the vent holes on the conductivity sensor. Gently rotate and/or move the sonde up and down to remove any bubbles from the conductivity cell.

Allow at least one minute for temperature equilibration before proceeding.

In the Calibrate menu, select Conductivity and then a second menu will oer the options of calibrating conductivity, specic conductance, or salinity. Calibrating any one option automatically calibrates the other two parameters. Aer selecting the option of choice (specic conductance is normally recommended), enter the value of the standard used during calibration. Be certain that the units are correct and match the units displayed in the second window at the top of the menu.

Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they are Stable (or data shows no signicant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

- If the data do not stabilize aer 40 seconds, gently rotate the sonde or remove/reinstall the cal cup to make sure there are no air bubbles in the conductivity cell.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

Rinse the sonde and sensor(s) in tap or puried water and dry.

pg | 67

Calibration

5.3

Dissolved Oxygen

First review the basic calibration description on pg 65.

ODO % sat – 1-point

Place the sonde with sensor either (a) into a calibration cup containing about 1/8 inch of water which is vented by loosening the threads or (b) into a container of water which is being continuously sparged with an aquarium pump and air stone. Wait approximately 10 minutes before proceeding to allow the temperature and oxygen pressure to equilibrate.

In the Calibrate menu, select ODO, then select ODO % sat. Calibrating in ODO % sat automatically calibrates ODO mg/L and vice versa.

Enter the current barometric pressure in mm of Hg (Inches of Hg x 25.4 = mm Hg).

Note: Laboratory barometer readings are usually “true” (uncorrected) values of air pressure and can be used “as is” for oxygen calibration. Weather service readings are usually not “true”, i.e., they are corrected to sea level, and therefore cannot be used until they are “uncorrected”. An approximate formula for this “uncorrection” (where the BP readings MUST be in mm Hg) is: True BP = [Corrected BP] – [2.5 * (Local Altitude in  above sea level/100)]

Click 1 Point for the Calibration Points. Enter the standard value (air saturated).

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

mg/L – 1-point Place the sonde with sensor in a container which contains a known concentration of dissolved oxygen in

mg/L and that is within ±10% of air saturation as determined by one of the following methods:

- Winkler titration

- Aerating the solution and assuming that it is saturated

- Measurement with another instrument

Carrying out DO mg/L calibrations at values outside the range of ±10 % of air saturation is likely to compromise the accuracy specication of the EXO sensor.

In the Calibrate menu, select ODO, then select ODO mg/L. Calibrating in ODO mg/L automatically calibrates ODO % sat and vice versa.

Click 1 Point for Calibration Points. Enter the known mg/L concentration for the standard value. Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they are Stable (or data shows no signicant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point. Click Complete.

Rinse the sonde and sensor(s) in tap or puried water and dry.

pg | 68

ODO % sat or mg/L – 2-point (or zero point)

Normally it is not necessary to perform a 2-point calibration for the DO sensor, and the procedure is not recommended unless (a) you are certain that the sensor does not meet your accuracy requirements at low DO levels and (b) you are operating under conditions where you are certain to be able to generate a medium which is truly oxygen-free.

For ODO % sat, calibrate your sonde at zero oxygen and in water-saturated air or air-saturated water. For ODO mg/L, calibrate your sonde at zero oxygen and a known concentration of oxygen within ±10% of airsaturation. e key to performing a 2-point calibration is to make certain that your zero-oxygen medium is truly oxygen-free:

- If you use nitrogen gas for the zero-point calibration, make certain that the vessel you use has a small exit port to prevent back diusion of air and that you have completely purged the vessel before conrming the calibration.

- If you use sodium sulte solution for the zero-point calibration, prepare the solution at a concentration of approximately 2 g/L at least two hours prior to use and keep it sealed in a bottle which does not allow diusion of oxygen through the sides of the container. Transfer the sodium sulte solution rapidly from its container to the calibration cup, ll the cup as full as possible with solution to minimize head space, and seal the cup to the sonde to prevent diusion of air into the vessel.

Place the sonde with DO and temperature sensors in a zero-oxygen medium.

In the Calibrate menu, select ODO, then select either ODO % sat or ODO mg/L.

Click 2 Point for the Calibration Points. Enter Zero Point as the value of the rst standard.

- If you used sodium sulte solution as your zero calibration medium, you must thoroughly remove all traces of the reagent from the probes prior to proceeding to the second point. We recommend that the second calibration point be in air-saturated water if you use sodium sulte solution.

Next place the sensors in the medium containing a known oxygen pressure or concentration and wait at least 10 minutes for temperature equilibration. Click Proceed in the pop-up window. en enter either the barometer reading in mm Hg (for ODO % sat) or the actual concentration of oxygen which was probably determined from a Winkler titration (for ODO mg/L). Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they are Stable (or data shows no signicant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

Carrying out DO mg/L calibrations at values outside the range of ±10 % of air saturation is likely to compromise the accuracy specication of the EXO sensor.

Rinse the sonde and sensor(s) in tap or puried water and dry.

pg | 69

Calibration

5.4

Depth

Note: is calibration option is available only if your sonde is equipped with an integral depth sensor.

For the depth calibration, make certain that the depth sensor module is in air and not immersed in any solution. Also, review the basic calibration description on pg 65.

In the Calibrate menu, select Port D-Depth, then select Depth from the second menu.

Click 1 Point for the Calibration Points. Enter 0 or a known sensor oset.

Click Exit to return to the sensor calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

For best performance of depth measurements, users should ensure that the orientation of the sonde remains constant while taking readings. Keep the sonde still and in one position while calibrating.

Use the Advanced menu to select if a sonde will be mounted in a moving/proling deployment instead of a xed location. You can also enter latitude and longitude in the Advanced menu.

pg | 70

Calibration

5.5

2-point

Most environmental water has a pH between 7 and 10. erefore, unless you anticipate a pH of less than 7 for your deployment application, we recommend a 2-point calibration using pH 7 and pH 10 buers.

Review the basic calibration description on pg 65.

Pour the correct amount of pH 7 buer/standard in a clean and dry or pre-rinsed calibration cup. Carefully immerse the probe end of the sonde into the solution, making sure the sensor’s glass bulb is in solution by at least 1 cm. Allow at least 1 minute for temperature equilibration before proceeding.

In the Calibrate menu, select pH or pH/ORP, then select pH.

Click 2 Point for the Calibration Points. Enter 7 as the value of the rst standard and 10 as the value of the second standard.

- Observe the temperature reading above the standard value. e actual pH value of all buers varies with temperature. Enter the correct value from the bottle label for your calibration temperature for maximum accuracy. For example, the pH of one manufacturer’s pH 7 Buer is 7.00 at 25˚C, but 7.02 at 20˚C.

- If no temperature sensor is installed, user can manually update temperature by entering a value.

Rinse the sonde in water and dry the sonde. Pour the correct amount of an additional pH buer standard into a clean, dry or pre-rinsed calibration cup, and carefully immerse the probe end of the sonde into the solution. Allow at least 1 minute for temperature equilibration before proceeding.

Click Proceed in the pop-up window. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points and when they are Stable (or data shows no signicant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point. (It is best not to touch the sonde while stabilizing).

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

Rinse the sonde in tap or puried water and dry the sonde.

3-point

Select the 3-point option to calibrate the pH probe using three calibration solutions. In this procedure, the pH sensor is calibrated with a pH 7 buer and two additional buers. e 3-point calibration method assures maximum accuracy when the pH of the media to be monitored cannot be anticipated. e procedure for this calibration is the same as for a 2-point calibration, but the soware will prompt you to proceed to a third pH buer to complete the 3-point procedure.

pg | 71

Calibration

5.6

ORP

Review the basic calibration description on pg 65.

Pour the correct amount of standard with a known oxidation reduction potential value (we recommend Zobell solution) in a clean and dry or pre-rinsed calibration cup. Carefully immerse the probe end of the sonde into the solution.

In the Calibrate menu, select pH/ORP, then select ORP mV.

Do not leave sensors in Zobell solution for a long time. A chemical reaction occurs with the copper on the sonde (sonde bulkhead, central wiper assembly, copper tape). While the reaction does not impact calibration, it will degrade the sonde materials over time. Discard the used standard.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

Rinse the sonde in tap or puried water and dry the sonde.

pg | 72

Calibration

4.45.7

Turbidity

Before calibrating, be certain that the probe is clean and free of debris. Solid particles, particularly those carried over from past deployments, will contaminate the standards during your calibration protocol and cause either calibration errors and/or inaccurate eld data. Use a clean, spare sonde guard. Also, review the basic calibration description on pg 65.

For proper calibration, you must use standards that have been prepared according to details in Standard Methods for the Treatment of Water and Wastewater (Section 2130 B). Acceptable standards include (a) formazin prepared according to Standard Methods; (b) dilutions of 4000 NTU formazin concentrate purchased from Hach; (c) Hach StablCal AEPA standards prepared specically for the EXO turbidity sensor by the manufacturer.

2-point Pour the correct amount of 0 NTU standard (clear deionized or distilled water) into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe end of the sonde into the water.

In the Calibrate menu, select Turbidity, then select Turbidity FNU.

Click 2 Point for the Calibration Points. Enter 0 FNU for rst standard value and 124 FNU for second standard value. (0 must be calibrated rst.)

standards in various NTU denominations; and (d) AMCO-

- If the water to be evaluated is known to be low in turbidity, an appropriate choice of standards might be 0 and 12.4. However, for general purpose measurements an appropriate choice of standards is usually 0 and 124.

Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing, click the Wipe Sensors button to activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data shows no signicant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

- If the temperature of your eld site is substantially dierent from the lab temperature, allow the sensor to sample for 3-5 minutes at each calibration point before accepting it. is step ensures the best possible temperature compensation when deployed.

Next place the sensors in the second calibration standard. Click Proceed on the pop-up window. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing, click the Wipe Sensors button to activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data shows no signicant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

Rinse the sonde in tap or puried water and dry the sonde.

3-point

Select the 3-point calibration option for maximum accuracy over a wider range. As for the 2-point procedure, the rst standard must be 0 FNU. Because of the linearity characteristics of the sensors, we recommend that the other two standards have turbidity values of 124 and 1010 FNU. However, the user can select any values that are deemed appropriate. e procedure for this calibration is the same as for a 2-point calibration, but the soware will prompt you to proceed to an additional solution to complete the 3-point procedure.

pg | 73

Calibration (Chl + BGA-PC)

4.45.8

Total Algae

Chlorophyll

is procedure calibrates Chlorophyll RFU or Chlorophyll μg/L. If the user has both units selected, then this procedure must be performed twice, once for each unit, to completely calibrate the parameter.

For 2-point calibrations, one standard must be clear water (0 μg/L), and this standard must be calibrated rst. e other standard should be in the range of a known chlorophyll content of the water to be monitored. Two general types of standards can be used: (a) phytoplankton suspensions of known chlorophyll content, determined by employing the extractive analysis procedure described in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, or by analyzing the suspension in situ using a laboratory uorometer, and (b) dye solutions whose uorescence can be correlated to that of chlorophyll.

For option (b), we recommend using a 625 μg/L Rhodamine WT dye solution (for detailed instructions, see section 5.10), and the solution is used in the calibration steps below.

g/L – 1- or 2-point

is procedure will zero your uorescence sensor and use the default sensitivity for calculation of chlorophyll concentration in μg/L, allowing quick and easy uorescence measurements that are only semi-quantitative with regard to chlorophyll. However, the readings will reect changes in chlorophyll from site to site, or over time at a single site.

Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe end of the sonde in the water.

In the Calibrate menu, select BGA-PC/Chlor, then select Chl μg/L. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration. Enter 0 for rst standard value and 66 for second standard value.

Next place the sensors in the Rhodamine WT standard. Click Proceed on the pop-up window. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing, click the Wipe Sensors button to activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data shows no signicant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu. Rinse the sonde in tap or puried water and dry the sonde.

RFU – 1- or 2-point RFU is a percent full scale output; it outputs relative uorescence from 0-100%. is calibration procedure is recommended if you are also using grab samples to post-calibrate in vivo chlorophyll readings.

e sonde will report relative values of uorescence in the sample being measured. ese values can be converted into actual chlorophyll concentrations in μg/L by using a post-calibration procedure, aer the

pg | 74

chlorophyll content of grab-samples taken during a deployment has been analyzed in a laboratory. is determination can involve conducting the extractive analysis procedure described for chlorophyll in Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater or by carrying out an in situ measurement of chlorophyll using a commercial benchtop uorometer.

Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe end of the sonde in the water.

In the Calibrate menu, select BGA-PC/Chlor, then select Chl RFU. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration. Enter 0 for rst standard value and 16.4 for second standard value.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

Rinse the sonde in tap or puried water and dry the sonde.

Blue-green Algae

is procedure calibrates BGA RFU or BGA must be performed twice, once for each unit, to completely calibrate the parameter.

For the 2-point calibration, one of the standards must be clear water (0 μg/L), and this standard must be calibrated rst. e other standard should be in the range of the suspected BGA-PC content at the environmental site. Two general types of standards can be used: (a) phytoplankton suspensions of known BGA-PC content, and (b) dye solutions whose uorescence can be correlated to that of BGA-PC. e user is responsible for determining the BGA-PC content of algal suspensions by using standard cell counting techniques.

For option (b), we recommend using a 625 μg/L Rhodamine WT dye solution (for detailed instructions, see section 5.10), and the solution is used in the calibration steps below.

g/L – 1- or 2-point

is procedure will zero your uorescence sensor and use the default sensitivity for calculation of

phycocyanin-containing BGA in semi-quantitative with regard to BGA-PC. However, the readings will reect changes in BGA-PC from site to site, or over time at a single site.

g/L, allowing quick and easy uorescence measurements that are only

g/L. If the user has both units selected, then this procedure

Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe end of the sonde in the water.

pg | 75

In the Calibrate menu, select BGA-PC/Chlor, then select BGA μg/L. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration. Enter 0 for rst standard value and 10.4 for second standard value.

Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe end of the sonde in the water.

In the Calibrate menu, select BGA-PC/Chlor, then select BGA RFU. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration. Enter 0 for rst standard value and 10.4 for second standard value.

pg | 76

Calibration

4.45.9

fDOM

is procedure calibrates fDOM RFU or fDOM QSU/ppb. If the user has both units selected, then this procedure must be performed twice, once for each unit, to completely calibrate the parameter.

For 2-point calibrations, the rst standard must be clear water (0 μg/L). e second standard should be a 300 μ

g/L quinine sulfate solution. (For detailed instructions for mixing this solution, see section 5.10.)

Do not leave sensors in quinine sulfate solution for a long time. A chemical reaction occurs with the copper on the sonde (sonde bulkhead, copper tape) that degrades the solution and causes it to dri.

QSU – 1- or 2-point Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe end of the sonde in the water.

In the Calibrate menu, select fDOM, then select QSU/ppb. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration. Enter 0 for rst standard value and 300 μg/L for second standard value.

Click Start Calibration. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points, and when they are Stable (or data shows no signicant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Remove the central wiper from the EXO2 sonde before proceeding to the next step.

Next place the sensors in the correct amount of 300 μg/L quinine sulfate standard in the calibration cup. Click Proceed on the pop-up window. Observe the readings under Current and Pending data points. While stabilizing, click the Wipe Sensors button to activate the wiper to remove any bubbles. When data are Stable (or data shows no signicant change for approximately 40 seconds), click Apply to accept this calibration point.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

RFU – 1- or 2-point Pour the correct amount of clear deionized or distilled water into the calibration cup. Immerse the probe end of the sonde in the water.

In the Calibrate menu, select fDOM, then select RFU. Select either a 1- or 2-point calibration. Enter 0 for rst standard value and 100 RFU for second standard value.

Remove the central wiper from the EXO2 sonde before proceeding to the next step.

Click Complete. View the Calibration Summary screen and QC score. Click Exit to return to the sensor calibration menu, and then the back arrows to return to main Calibrate menu.

Rinse the sonde in tap or puried water and dry the sonde. Discard the used standard.

pg | 77

Calibration

5.10

Calibration Standards

Quinine Sulfate Solution for fDOM Sensor

Before using a quinine sulfate reagent (solid or solution) or sulfuric acid reagent, read the safety instructions provided by the supplier. Take extra precautions when making dilutions of concentrated sulfuric acid, as this reagent is particularly dangerous. Remember that only trained personnel should handle chemicals.

Preparation

Use the following procedure to prepare a 300 μg/L solution of quinine sulfate (300 QSU) that can be used to calibrate the EXO fDOM sensor for eld use:

1. Purchase solid quinine sulfate dihydrate with a high purity (>99%). (Recommended supplier: Fisher Scientic item #6119-70-6.) Purchase 0.1 N (0.05 M) sulfuric acid, to avoid the hazards of diluting concentrated sulfuric acid to make this reagent. (Recommended supplier: Fisher Scientic item # AA35651K7.)

2. Weigh 0.100 g of solid quinine sulfate dehydrate and quantitatively transfer the solid to a 100-mL volumetric ask. Dissolve the solid in about 50 mL of 0.05 M (0.1 N) sulfuric acid (H the solution to the mark of the volumetric ask with additional 0.05 M sulfuric acid, and mix well by repeated inversion. is solution is 1000 ppm in quinine sulfate (0.1%).

3. Transfer 0.3 mL of the 1000 ppm solution to a 1000 mL volumetric and then ll the ask to the top graduation with 0.05 M sulfuric acid. Mix well to obtain a solution that is 300 μg/L (300 QSU).

4. Store the concentrated standard solution in a darkened glass bottle in a refrigerator to retard decomposition. e dilute standard prepared in the previous step should be used within 5 days of preparation and should be discarded immediately aer exposure to EXO’s metal components.

2SO4

), dilute

Degradation of quinine ﬂuorescence by copper

Exposure of the dilute quinine sulfate solution to any copper-based component of the EXO sonde and sensors (primarily the wiper assembly) will begin to degrade the solution signicantly within minutes. us, perform your calibration as quickly as possible on immersion of the sensors into the quinine sulfate solution. Discard the used standard. When quinine sulfate standards are required in the future, perform another dilution of the concentrated solution.

Effect of temperature on ﬂuorescence

e intensity of the uorescence of many dyes shows an inverse relationship with temperature. is eect must be accounted for when calibrating the EXO fDOM sensor with Rhodamine WT. Enter the QSU calibration value from the table below that corresponds to the temperature of the standard.

Temp (˚C)

30 96.4 18 101.8

28 97.3 16 102.7

26 98.2 14 103.6

QSU

99.1

100

100.9

Temp (˚C)

QSU

104.6

105.5

106.4

pg | 78

Rhodamine WT Dye Solution for Total Algae Sensor

Read and follow all the safety instructions and MSDS documentation supplied with the dye before proceeding. Remember that only trained personnel should handle chemicals.

Preparation

Use the following procedure to prepare a Rhodamine WT solution for use as a sensor stability check reagent for the EXO Total Algae (Chlorophyll and Blue-green Algae) sensor:

1. Purchase Rhodamine WT dye in solution form, which can vary somewhat in nominal concentration. Recommended supplier for a solution that is approximately 2.5% in Rhodamine WT: Fluorescent FWT Red Dye (item #106023) Kingscote Chemicals 3334 South Tech Blvd. Miamisburg, OH 45342 USA 1-800-394-0678

2. Accurately transfer 5.0 mL of the Rhodamine WT solution into a 1000 mL volumetric ask. Fill the ask to the volumetric mark with deionized or distilled water and mix well to produce a solution that is approximately 125 mg/L of Rhodamine WT. Transfer this standard to a glass bottle and retain it for future use.

3. Accurately transfer 5.0 mL of the solution prepared in the above step to a 1000 mL volumetric ask and then ll the ask to the volumetric mark with deionized or distilled water. Mix well to obtain a solution, which is 0.625 mg/L in water (a 200:1 dilution of the concentrated solution).

4. Store the concentrated standard solution in a glass bottle in a refrigerator to retard decomposition. e dilute standard prepared in the previous step should be used within 24 hours of its preparation.

Discard the used standard. When Rhodamine standards are required in the future, perform another dilution of the concentrated Rhodamine WT solution aer warming it to ambient temperature.

Effect of temperature on ﬂuorescence

e intensity of the uorescence of many dyes shows an inverse relationship with temperature. is eect

must be accounted for when calibrating the EXO Total-Algae sensor with Rhodamine WT. Enter the

g/L

calibration value from the table below that corresponds to the temperature of the standard.

Temp (˚C)

30 56.5 7.4 18 70.8 11.4

28 58.7 8.5 16 73.5 12.4

26 61.3 9.2 14 76 13.1

g/L Chl

63.5 9.7

66 10.4

68.4 11.1

g/L

BGA-PC

Temp (˚C)

g/L Chl

78.6 13.8

81.2 14.5

83.8 14.7

g/L BGA-PC

pg | 79

Calibration

5.11

Calibration Worksheet

e Calibration Worksheet is a record of the calibration for an EXO sensor. e worksheet contains quality assurance information including date and time of calibration, date of previous calibration, sensor rmware version, type of calibration performed, standard used, and QC score.

Calibration Worksheets are saved in the Calibration Files folder on the computer (not on the sonde). All saved Worksheets can be accessed and viewed through the Data menu in KOR soware.

Sample Worksheets

1-point calibration of specic conductance on EXO conductivity/temperature probe

1-point calibration of percent saturation on EXO optical dissolved oxygen probe

ODO Gain

e ODO gain is a diagnostic value recorded on the Calibration Worksheet and used for advanced diagnostic purposes. e nominal value is 1, and accurate calibrations will only slightly deviate from this number.

pg | 80

Sonde

6.1

Storage

Proper sonde storage helps to ensure proper sonde operation. To keep sondes in their best working order, users must follow these instructions. is section will identify storage as “long-term” or “short-term.”Longterm denotes storage during times of long inactivity (over winter, end of monitoring season, etc.). Short-term denotes storage during times the sonde will be used at a regular interval (daily, weekly, biweekly, etc.).

1 Short -term storage

For interim storage, users should keep sensors moist, but not submerged; submersion during storage may produce sensor dri. Users should aim for a storage environment of water-saturated air (100% humidity) for the sensors.

Place approximately 0.5 in (1 cm) of water (deionized, distilled, tap, or environmental) in the bottom of the calibration cup. en place the sonde with all of its sensors into the cup and close it tightly to prevent evaporation. Users can also use a moist sponge to create a humid environment.

Ensure that unused sensor ports are properly protected with port plugs. e sonde itself should be stored in dry air.

To protect the cable connector, either leave the cable installed on the connector, or install the connector guard.

2 Long-term storage

Store all removed sensors according to the specic instructions in their sensor storage section. Plug all open ports, and store the sonde according the above instructions for short-term sonde storage.

Always remove batteries from sondes during long periods of inactivity to prevent potentially harmful battery leaks.

pg | 81

Sonde

6.1

Maintenance

Like all precision equipment, EXO sondes work most reliably when users maintain them properly. A proper inspection and cleaning can prevent several issues, including leaks. When performing general maintenance on the sonde, also check this manual’s depth and connector sections. Use only the recommended materials to service instruments. Each sonde comes with a maintenance kit, including proper lubricants and replacement o-rings. Users can order another replacement o-ring kit (#599680) or tool kit (#599594) from the manufacturer or an authorized distributor.

1 Inspect and service o-rings

User-serviceable o-rings are located in the EXO sonde battery compartments. Perform a thorough visual inspection of o-rings each time they are exposed. Carefully look for grit, hair, etc. on the o-ring and mating surfaces and wipe away any contamination with a lint-free cloth. Without removing them from their grooves, lightly grease each o-ring with Krytox. Replace any damaged o-rings.

2 Replace o-rings.

If the above inspection reveals a damaged (split, cracked, or misshapen) o-ring, remove it. Wipe the groove clean with alcohol and a lint-free cloth. Grease the o-ring by drawing it between your lightly greased thumb and index ngers. Place the o-ring in its groove, being careful to not roll or twist it, and lightly grease the surface. Inspect the o-ring for contamination.

Do not apply excess grease to the o-rings. is can cause contamination and seal failure.

3 Inspect, clean, and grease ports.

Visually inspect each port for contamination (grit, hair, etc.). Should the user detect contamination, remove it with a blast of compressed air. When the port’s rubber appears dry, lightly grease the sensor connector before insertion.

Never insert solid objects into the sonde ports. is could permanently damage the connectors.

pg | 82

Sonde

6.2

Install or Replace EXO 1 Batteries

EXO1 water quality sondes use two (2) D-cell batteries as a power source. Using alkaline batteries, users can expect approximately 90 days of deployment from a fully loaded sonde that samples once every 15 minutes. However, deployment times may vary greatly depending on water temperature, sampling rate, sensor payload, and brand of battery. *See battery life specication, next page.

1 Remove battery cover.

Start with a clean and dry sonde. Hold the sonde horizontally with the bail up and twist the battery cover counterclockwise until free. If necessary, slide the sonde tool’s larger opening over the end of the battery compartment and use it as a lever to break the compartment free. en slide o the battery cover.

Do not remove the screws on the sonde.

Do not clamp the sonde in a vise.

2 Remove old batteries.

Expose the batteries by ipping the isolation ap up away from the batteries, and pull the batteries free of their compartment. Always dispose of used alkaline batteries according to local requirements and regulations.

Clean the inside of the battery compartment with a lintfree cloth.

3 Install new batteries.

Install the new batteries so that the positive terminals point towards the bail (away from the sensor bulkhead). Replace the isolation ap over the batteries.

pg | 83

4 Check and service o-rings.

Before replacing the battery cover, check and service the four o-rings.

Ensure that the o-rings are not nicked or torn and that they have no contaminants or particles on them or the sealing surfaces inside the battery cover. Clean the o-rings with a lint-free cloth. en apply a thin coat of Krytox® lubricant to each o-ring.

5 Replace battery cover.

Screw the battery cover clockwise until it seats snugly against the rubber gasket. Do not overtighten.

*Battery life speciﬁcation

When using alkaline batteries: Approximately 90 days at 20˚C at a 15-minute logging interval, and temperature/ conductivity, pH/ORP, Optical DO, and turbidity installed. Battery life is heavily dependent on sensor conguration and is given for a typical sensor ensemble.

When using rechargeable nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries: Estimated battery life is not available because

NiMH batteries vary greatly in manufacturer capacity and discharge curves. We recommend a NiMH D-cell battery with a minimum rating of 10,000 milliamp hours that are fully charged each time they are used.

pg | 84

Sonde

6.2

Install or Replace EXO 2 Batteries

EXO2 water quality sondes use four (4) D-cell batteries as a power source. Using alkaline batteries, users can expect approximately 90 days of deployment from a fully loaded sonde that samples once every 15 minutes. However, deployment times may vary greatly depending on water temperature, sampling rate, sensor payload, wiper frequency, and brand of battery. *See battery life specication, next page.

1 Loosen battery cap.

Start with a clean and dry sonde. Slide the sonde tool’s smaller opening over the battery cap on top of the EXO2. Using the tool as a lever, rmly turn the tool counterclockwise until the battery cap is loose.

–

2 Remove battery cap and old batteries.

Once the cap is suciently loose, remove the cap and old batteries from the well. Always dispose of used alkaline batteries according to local requirements and regulations.

Clean the o-ring sealing surfaces with a lint-free cloth. Inspect down into the battery tube to make sure it is clean and dry.

3 Insert new batteries.

With the positive terminal facing up, insert four (4) new D-cell batteries into the battery well.

pg | 85

4 Check and service o-rings.

Before replacing the battery cover, inspect and service the four o-rings.

Ensure that the o-rings are not nicked or torn and that they have no contaminants or particles on them or the sealing surfaces inside the battery cover. en apply a thin coat of Krytox® lubricant to each o-ring and sealing surface.

5 Replace battery cap.

Aer servicing the cap’s o-rings, insert the cap in its recess. en, using your thumb, press down on the pressure relief valve while turning the cap clockwise. Once the cap threads are engaged, use the tool to tighten until snug. When completed, the top o-ring of the cap must be below the battery compartment opening.

Pressure in Battery Compartment

e EXO2 sonde is equipped with a pressure relief valve to protect against catastrophic battery failure. Signicant water leakage into battery compartment requires that your instrument be inspected by the manufacturer or Authorized Service Center before the next deployment.

*Battery Life Speciﬁcation

When using alkaline batteries: Approximately 90 days at 20˚C at a 15-minute logging interval, and temperature/ conductivity, pH/ORP, Optical DO, turbidity, and Total Algae-PC installed along with a central wiper which rotates once every logging interval. Battery life is heavily dependent on sensor conguration and is given for a typical sensor ensemble.

When using rechargeable nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries: Estimated battery life is not available because

pg | 86

Sonde

6.3

Replace EXO1 Bail

Sonde bails provide users with a handle for convenient transport and an attachment point for cable strain reliefs. If an EXO1 bail breaks due to impact or standard wear and tear throughout the life of the sonde, a user can easily replace it. Always attach the cable’s strain relief mechanism to the bail. Do not use the cable connector to support the whole weight of the sonde. Although the cable connector and locking ring are very robust, always use the strain relief to mitigate unnecessary pressure on the connection.

1 Remove battery cover.

Twist the battery cover counterclockwise until free. en slide o the battery cover.

2 Remove bail.

Spread the sides of the bail away from the connector, pull the bail over the posts on top of the sonde, and remove the o-ring from its groove and discard.

3 Install new bail.

Install a new o-ring in the groove at the base of the bail. en carefully spread the bail open and seat its sockets over the posts around the connector.

pg | 87

Sonde

6.3

Replace EXO2 Bail

Sonde bails provide users with a handle for convenient transport and an attachment point for cable strain reliefs. If an EXO2 bail breaks due to impact or standard wear and tear throughout the life of the sonde, a user can easily replace it. Always attach the cable’s strain relief mechanism to the bail. Do not use the cable connector to support the whole weight of the sonde. Although the cable connector and locking ring are very robust, always use the strain relief to mitigate unnecessary pressure on the connection.

1 Remove bail.

Use a small screwdriver to remove two screws on the sides of the bail.

Once screws are removed, li the bail o the sonde.

2 Install new bail.

Place the new bail onto the sonde, aligning holes for the screws. Use a small screwdriver to insert two screws on the sides of the bail. Tighten until snug.

pg | 88

Sonde

6.4

Update Firmware

Users can check and update sensor or sonde rmware through the KOR interface soware. Each device must be connected to the computer that is running the Desktop version of KOR, and the computer must have internet access.

1 Open ﬁrmware submenu in Kor.

Navigate to the Options menu in KOR, then to the Firmware submenu. Immediately aer clicking the Firmware submenu button, KOR begins to search for connected sondes and sensors and loads the table with names, serial numbers, and current rmware versions.

2 Select device and update.

To update a device, click on the device’s name in the table and then click the Update button.

KOR then updates the device’s rmware, which could take several minutes.

Note: For best power management, update rmware while a device is connected via USB, as this will provide power to the device. However, if you use Bluetooth, we recommend installing fully charged batteries in the sonde.

pg | 89

Handheld

6.5

Maintenance and Storage

EXO Handhelds (HH) are rugged eld instruments that are tested to a rating of IP-67 in the factory. Follow the instructions below for the most reliable performance from the HH. is section will identify storage as “long-term” or “short-term.” Long-term denotes storage during times of long inactivity (over winter, end of monitoring season, etc.). Short-term denotes storage during times the sonde will be used at a regular interval (daily, weekly, biweekly, etc.).

1 Clean handheld.

If the HH’s USB connector is contaminated, rinse it with clean water and dry it.

To clean the HH’s cable connector, follow directions in section 6.18 for Connector Maintenance.

Wipe clean the HH’s keypad, lens, and polymer case with a cloth soaked in clean water and a few drops of a dishwashing liquid that contains a degreaser. Take care not to scratch the lens.

2 Short-term storage.

Keep the HH in a safe storage location and power it down by pressing and holding the power button for more than three seconds. Pressing the power button for less than three seconds does not entirely power down the instrument (Sleep mode) and may cause unnecessary battery drain.

3 Long-term storage.

Keep the HH in a safe location and remove the batteries (and reinstall the battery compartment panel) to prevent potentially harmful battery leaks.

Note: If the HH is stored for more than several days without batteries, the GPS will take longer to obtain a location x.

pg | 90

Handheld

6.6

Install or Replace Batteries

1 Remove battery cover panel.

e battery cover panel is located on the back of the HH. To remove the panel, unscrew (counter-clockwise) the four screws with a at or Phillips head screwdriver.

Note: e retaining screws are integrated into this panel and are not independently removeable. If replacement is necessary, replace the entire assembly.

2 Insert/replace batteries.

If you use your own rechargeable batteries, they cannot be charged inside the handheld; they should be charged outside the handheld.

3 Reinstall battery cover panel.

Ensure that the rubber battery cover gasket is seated properly, then replace the cover onto the back of the HH. Tighten the four retaining screws back into their holes, but do not overtighten.

pg | 91

Handheld

6.7

Update Firmware & KOR Software

To update the instrument rmware and KOR soware on the EXO Handheld, use the Desktop version of KOR on a computer with internet access. KOR Desktop will go online and pull updated les for the Handheld, which are then transferred to the Handheld.

1 Connect handheld to computer.

2 Sync handheld.

When the Handheld is connected to the PC, go to the Options | Firmware menu in KOR Desktop soware. Select the Update Handheld button from the bottom-right corner of the menu. Follow the prompts for completing the update process and rebooting the Handheld.

pg | 92

Depth Sensor

6.8

Maintenance

EXO depth sensors access the water through small holes (ports) located in the sonde body or bulkhead. Although users cannot access them directly, proper storage maintenance will help to ensure reliable operation. Depth sensors can be stored dry, in water-saturated air, or submerged in clean water. However, be sure that the water does not contain solutions that are corrosive. is can cause damage to the sensor’s strain gauge.

1 Locate depth ports.

e two EXO1 depth ports are located in the yellowplastic section between the bulkhead tube (labeled area) and the blue plastic battery cover. e EXO2 depth ports are located on the metal bulkhead face itself, in the largest open area between ports.

2 Clean depth ports.

Although users cannot directly access the depth/level sensors, they should periodically clean them with the syringe included in the sonde maintenance kit. Fill the syringe with clean water and gently force water through one of the ports. Ensure that water ows from the other hole. Continue ushing the port until the water comes out clean.

Do not insert objects in the EXO2 depth ports, as this may cause damage to the transducer not covered under the warranty.

pg | 93

Standard Optical Sensor

6.9

Maintenance and Storage

Standard optical sensors include Turbidity, Total Algae, and fDOM sensors; these optical sensors are very low maintenance. is section identies storage as “long-term” or “short-term.” Long-term denotes storage during times of long inactivity (over winter, end of monitoring season, etc.). Short-term denotes storage during times the sonde will be used at a regular interval (daily, weekly, biweekly, etc.). Maintain connectors as instructed in the “Connectors” section.

1 Clean sensing window.

Turbidity, Total Algae, and fDOM require minimal maintenance. Users should periodically inspect the optical surface at the tip of the sensor and wipe it clean with a nonabrasive, lint-free cloth if necessary. As much as possible, prevent scratches and damage to the sensing window.

2 Long- and short-term storage.

Turbidity, Total Algae, and fDOM require minimal precautions. Users can either remove the sensors or leave them installed in the sonde for long- and short-term storage. If le installed on the sonde, follow guidelines for sonde storage. If users remove them from the sonde, the sensors may be stored in dry air in their shipping cap (to protect against physical damage).

Do not store the fDOM sensor in quinine sulfate solution.

pg | 94

Conductivity/Temp Sensor

6.10

Maintenance and Storage

EXO conductivity and temperature (CT) sensors require little maintenance or special attention for storage. As much as possible, prevent impact to the sensor’s exposed thermistor. is section will identify storage as “long-term” or “short-term.” Long-term denotes storage during times of long inactivity (over-wintering, end of monitoring season, etc.). Short-term denotes storage during times the sonde will be used at a regular interval (daily, weekly, biweekly, etc.). Maintain connectors as instructed in the “Connectors” section.

1 Clean electrode channels.

e only parts of the CT sensor that require special maintenance are the channels leading to the internal electrodes. Dip the sensor’s cleaning brush (included in the sonde maintenance kit) in clean water, insert at top of channels, and sweep the channels 15-20 times. If deposits have formed on the electrodes, use a mild solution of dishsoap and water to brush the channels. If necessary, soak in white vinegar to aid cleaning. Rinse the channels with clean water following the sweepings or soak.

2 Short -term storage

When in regular eld use, the sensor should remain installed on the sonde in an environment of watersaturated air. Place approximately 0.5 in (1 cm) of any water (deionized, distilled, tap, or environmental) in the bottom of the calibration cup. Insert the sonde and sensor into the cup and screw it on tightly to prevent evaporation. (More information in “Short-Term Sonde Storage” section.)

3 Long -term storage

Store the sensors either dry or wet, installed on the sonde or detached. However, before storage, perform the recommended maintenance (above) to ensure the sensor is in good working order for the next deployment season. If the sensor is submerged for storage, ensure that the liquid is not corrosive.

pg | 95

Dissolved Oxygen Sensor

6.11

Storage

EXO DO sensors require separate storage instructions from other optical sensors due to their sensing membranes. is section will identify storage as “long-term” or “short-term.” Long-term denotes storage during times of long inactivity (over winter, end of monitoring season, etc.). Short-term denotes storage during times the sonde will be used at a regular interval (daily, weekly, biweekly, etc.).

1 Short -term storage

When in regular eld use, the ODO sensor should remain installed on the sonde. Place approximately 0.5 in (1 cm) of any water (deionized, distilled, tap, or environmental) in the bottom of the calibration cup. Insert the sonde and sensor into the cup and screw it on tightly to prevent evaporation. (More information in “Short-Term Sonde Storage” section.)

2 Long-term storage

Leave the sensor installed in the sonde, and submerge it in clean water in the calibration cup. Screw the cup on tightly to prevent evaporation. Users may also store the ODO sensor by itself in two ways. One, submerge the sensing end of the sensor in a container of water; occasionally check the level of the water to ensure that it does not evaporate. Two, store the sensor in water-saturated air.

We do not recommend storing the sensor with the connector end unmated or exposed. If unmated, cover with plastic connector cap.

pg | 96

Dissolved Oxygen Sensor

6.11

Maintenance and Rehydration

EXO Dissolved Oxygen (DO) sensors require unique maintenance instructions due to their sensing membranes. Users should routinely perform these instructions in order to achieve the highest levels of sensor accuracy. DO sensor caps have a typical life of 12 months. Aer this point, users should replace the DO membrane cap. As caps age, accuracy is reduced, ambient light rejection suers, and response times can be aected. Maintain connectors as instructed in the “Connectors” section.

1 DO membrane maintenance

Users should periodically inspect the optical surface at the tip of the sensor and wipe it clean with a non-abrasive, lint-

free cloth if necessary. Never use organic solvents to clean an EXO DO sensor. As much as possible, prevent scratches and damage to the

sapphire sensing window. Avoid getting ngerprints on the window. If necessary, wash with warm water and dishsoap and rinse with DI water.

2 Sensor rehydration

Users should always store DO sensors in a moist or wet environment in order to prevent sensor dri. However, should DO sensors be le in dry air for longer than eight hours, they must be rehydrated. To rehydrate, soak the DO sensor cap in warm (room temperature) tap water for approximately 24 hours. Following this soak, calibrate the sensor and store it in a moist environment.

3 Sensor cap replacement

Due to restrictions inherent to all DO sensors, DO sensor caps have a typical life of 12 months. Aer this point, users should replace the DO membrane cap. To replace this cap, follow the directions in the “Sensor Cap Replacement” section.

pg | 97

Dissolved Oxygen Sensor

6.12

Sensor Cap Replacement

Follow these instructions to replace the sensor cap on an EXO optical dissolved oxygen sensor once the previous cap has exhausted its usable life (typically about one year). is cap is shipped in a humidied container, and should be stored in a 100% humid environment. If the sensor cap dries completely, follow instructions to rehydrate it.

1 Remove current sensor cap.

Rotate the sensor cap with your ngers counterclockwise until free.

If possible, do not use any tools during this process.

However, should the cap be immovable aer use, carefully twist the sensor cap with pliers until it breaks loose. Do not use pliers on the sensor body, and take great care not to damage the sensor threads

2 Replace o-ring.

Remove the o-ring (pinch the o-ring out, then roll it upwards over the threads) and discard it. Visually inspect the new o-ring for nicks, tears, contaminants, or particles; discard damaged o-rings. Without twisting it, carefully install the new o-ring over the threads and into its groove, then apply a thin coat of Krytox lubricant to the o-ring only. Ensure the sensor cap’s cavity is completely dry before installing the new cap.

3 Install new sensor cap.

Aer the o-ring is installed and lubricated, wipe the clear window at end of sensor with a lint-free cloth until clean. en dry the inside cavity of the sensor cap with a lint-free cloth. With a clockwise motion, thread the new sensor cap onto the sensor until it is nger-tight. e o-ring should now be completely under the cap and not pinched. If pinched, remove and discard the o-ring and repeat procedure. Do not over-tighten the sensor cap. Do not use any tools for the installation process.

pg | 98

4 Conﬁgure probe for new cap.

In KOR soware, congure the probe for the new sensor

cap. Click the Calibrate button and then click the ODO button. Next click the ODO % sat button, and in the DO calibration window click the Advanced button.

In the Advanced menu, click the Edit button and enter the

unique membrane cap coecients found on the instruction sheet shipped with the DO sensor cap.

Note: Calibration coecients are associated with specic

individual sensor caps. ey cannot be used for other ODO sensors.

5 Store sensor cap.

e sensor cap is shipped in a humidied container, and should be consistently stored in a 100% humid environment. Prior to installation, ensure the cap’s container remains moist. Once the sensor cap is installed on the sensor, maintain this environment by placing approximately 0.5 in (1 cm) of water (deionized, distilled, tap, or environmental) in the bottom of the calibration cup and screw it tightly onto the sonde to prevent evaporation. You may also store the sensor by submerging the cap end in water.

If pH sensor is also installed, do not submerge it in distilled water.

pg | 99

pH and pH/ORP Sensors

6.13

Storage and Rehydration

pH and pH/ORP sensors have two specic storage requirements: they should not be stored in distilled or deionized water and their reference electrode junction should never dry out. is section will identify storage as “long-term” or “short-term.” Long-term denotes storage during times of long inactivity (over-wintering, end of monitoring season, etc.). Short-term denotes storage during times the sonde will be used at a regular interval (daily, weekly, biweekly, etc.).

1 Short -term storage

2 M KCl

2 Long-term storage

Remove the sensor from the sonde and insert its sensing end into the bottle that the sensor was shipped in. Install the bottle’s o-ring and cap then tighten. is bottle contains a 2 molar solution of pH 4 buer. If this solution is unavailable, users may store the sensor in tap water.

Do not store the pH/ORP sensor in Zobell solution.

3 Rehydrate reference junction.

If the pH sensor has been allowed to dry, soak the sensor for several hours (preferably overnight) in a 2 molar (2 M) solution of potassium chloride (KCl). In order to create a 2 M KCl solution, dissolve 74.6 g of KCl in 500 mL of distilled or deionized water. If KCl is unavailable, a tap water or pH 4 buer soak may restore function. If the sensor is irreparably damaged, users must replace the sensor module.

pg | 100

Xylem EXO1, EXO2 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual