D-link DGS-3024 User Manual

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DGS-3024

Layer 2 Switch

Command Line Interface Reference Manual

First Edition (December 2004)

6DGS3024C.01

Printed In Taiwan

RECYCLABLE

Table of Contents

Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

Using the Console CLI..................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Command Syntax ............................................................................................................................................................................. 9

Basic Switch Commands................................................................................................................................................................ 11

Switch Port Commands.................................................................................................................................................................. 23

Network Management (SNMP) Commands .................................................................................................................................. 25

MAC Notification Commands ....................................................................................................................................................... 47

Download/Upload Commands ....................................................................................................................................................... 51

Network Monitoring Commands.................................................................................................................................................... 54

Spanning Tree Commands ............................................................................................................................................................. 66

Forwarding Database Commands .................................................................................................................................................. 72

Broadcast Storm Control Commands............................................................................................................................................. 78

QoS Commands.............................................................................................................................................................................. 80

Port Mirroring Commands ............................................................................................................................................................. 86

VLAN Commands.......................................................................................................................................................................... 89

Link Aggregation Commands ........................................................................................................................................................ 95

Basic IP Commands ....................................................................................................................................................................... 99

IGMP Snooping Commands ........................................................................................................................................................ 101

802.1X Commands....................................................................................................................................................................... 108

Time and SNTP Commands......................................................................................................................................................... 120

Routing Table Commands............................................................................................................................................................ 126

ARP Commands........................................................................................................................................................................... 128

Command History List................................................................................................................................................................. 132

Technical Specifications .............................................................................................................................................................. 136

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

INTRODUCTION

The DGS-3024 Switch can be managed through the Switch’s serial port, Telnet, or the Web-based management agent. The Command Line Interface (CLI) can be used to configure and manage the Switch via the serial port or Telnet interfaces.

This manual provides a reference for all of the commands contained in the CLI. Configuration and management of the Switch via the Web-based management agent is discussed in the User’s Guide.

Accessing the Switch via the Serial Port

The Switch’s serial port’s default settings are as follows:

• 9600 baud

• no parity

• 8 data bits

• 1 stop bit

A computer running a terminal emulation program capable of emulating a VT-100 terminal and a serial port configured as above is then connected to the Switch’s serial port via an RS-232 DB-9 cable.

With the serial port properly connected to a management computer, the following screen should be visible. If this screen does not appear, try pressing Ctrl+r to refresh the console screen.

Figure 1-1. Initial CLI screen

There is no initial username or password. Just press the Enter key twice to display the CLI input cursor − DGS-3024:4#. This is the command line where all commands are input.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

Setting the Switch’s IP Address

Each switch must be assigned its own IP Address, which is used for communication with an SNMP network manager or other TCP/IP application (for example BOOTP, TFTP). The Switch’s default IP address is 10.90.90.90. You can change the default Switch IP address to meet the specification of your networking address scheme.

The Switch is also assigned a unique MAC address by the factory. This MAC address cannot be changed, and can be found on the initial boot console screen – shown below.

Figure 1-2. Boot Screen

The Switch’s MAC address can also be found in the Web management program on the Switch Information (Basic Settings) window on the Configuration menu.

The IP address for the Switch must be set before it can be managed with the Web-based manager. The Switch IP address can be automatically set using BOOTP or DHCP protocols, in which case the actual address assigned to the Switch must be known.

The IP address may be set using the Command Line Interface (CLI) over the console serial port as follows:

1. Starting at the command line prompt, enter the commands config ipif System ipaddress

xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy. Where the x’s represent the IP address to be assigned to the IP interface named System and the y’s represent the corresponding subnet mask.

2. Alternatively, you can enter config ipif System ipaddress xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/z. Where the x’s represent the IP address to be assigned to the IP interface named System and the z represents the corresponding number of subnets in CIDR notation.

The IP interface named System on the Switch can be assigned an IP address and subnet mask which can then be used to connect a management station to the Switch’s Telnet or Web-based management agent.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

Figure 1-3. Assigning an IP Address

In the above example, the Switch was assigned an IP address of 10.53.13.111 with a subnet mask of 255.0.0.0 (8 in CIDR from). The system message Success indicates that the command was executed successfully. The Switch can now be configured and managed via Telnet and the CLI or via the Web-based management agent using the above IP address to connect to the Switch.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

USING THE CONSOLE CLI

The DGS-3024 supports a console management interface that allows the user to connect to the Switch’s management agent via a serial port and a terminal or a computer running a terminal emulation program. The console can also be used over the network using the TCP/IP Telnet protocol. The console program can be used to configure the Switch to use an SNMP-based network management software over the network.

This chapter describes how to use the console interface to access the Switch, change its settings, and monitor its operation.

Note: Switch configuration settings are saved to non-volatile RAM using the

save command. The current configuration will then be retained in the Switch’s NV-RAM, and reloaded when the Switch is rebooted. If the Switch is rebooted without using the save command, the last configuration saved to NV-RAM will be loaded.

Connecting to the Switch

The console interface is used by connecting the Switch to a VT100-compatible terminal or a computer running an ordinary terminal emulator program (e.g., the HyperTerminal program included with the Windows operating system) using an RS-232C serial cable. Your terminal parameters will need to be set to:

• VT-100 compatible

• 9,600 baud

• 8 data bits

• No parity

• One stop bit

• No flow control

You can also access the same functions over a Telnet interface. Once you have set an IP address for your Switch, you can use a Telnet program (in VT-100 compatible terminal mode) to access and control the Switch. All of the screens are identical, whether accessed from the console port or from a Telnet interface.

After the Switch reboots and you have logged in, the console looks like this:

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

Figure 2-1. Console Screen after login

Commands are entered at the command prompt, DGS-3024:4#.

There are a number of helpful features included in the CLI. Entering the ? command will display a list of all of the top-level commands.

Figure 2-2. The ? Command

The dir command has the same function as the ? command.

When you enter a command without its required parameters, the CLI will prompt you with a Next possible completions: message.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

Figure 2-3. Example Command Parameter Help

In this case, the command show was entered without a parameter. The CLI will then prompt you to enter the next possible completions with the message, Next possible completions:. Every command in the CLI has this feature, and complex

commands have several layers of parameter prompting.

In addition, after typing any given command plus one space, you can see all of the next possible sub-commands, in sequential order, by repeatedly pressing the Tab key.

To re-enter a previously entered command at the command prompt, press the up arrow cursor key. The previous command will appear at the command prompt.

Figure 2-4. Using the Up Arrow to Re-enter a Command

In the above example, the command config account was entered without the required parameter <username>, the CLI returned the Next possible completions: <username> prompt. The up arrow cursor control key was pressed to re-enter the previous command (config account) at the command prompt. Now the appropriate user name can be entered and the config account command re-executed.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

All commands in the CLI function in this way. In addition, the syntax of the help prompts are the same as presented in this manual − angle brackets < > indicate a numerical value or character string, braces { } indicate optional parameters or a choice of parameters, and brackets [ ] indicate required parameters.

If a command is entered that is unrecognized by the CLI, the top-level commands will be displayed under the Available commands: prompt.

Figure 2-5. The Next Available Commands Prompt

The top-level commands consist of commands such as show or config. Most of these commands require one or more parameters to narrow the top-level command. This is equivalent to show what? or config what? Where the what? is the next parameter.

For example, if you enter the show command with no additional parameters, the CLI will then display all of the possible next parameters.

Figure 2-6. Next possible completions: show command

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

In the above example, all of the possible next parameters for the show command are displayed. At the next command prompt, the up arrow was used to re-enter the show command, followed by the account parameter. The CLI then displays the user accounts configured on the Switch.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

COMMAND SYNTAX

The following symbols are used to describe how command entries are made and values and arguments are specified in this manual. The online help contained in the CLI and available through the console interface uses the same syntax.

Note: All commands are case-sensitive. Be sure to disable Caps Lock or any other unwanted function that changes text case.

Purpose Encloses a variable or value that must be specified.

Syntax

Description In the above syntax example, you must supply an IP interface name in the

Example Command

create ipif <ipif_name> vlan <vlan_name 32> ipaddress <network_address>

<ipif_name> space, a VLAN name in the <vlan_name 32> space, and the network address in the <network_address> space. Do not type the angle brackets.

create ipif Engineering vlan Design ipaddress 10.24.22.5/255.0.0.0

[square brackets]

Purpose Encloses a required value or set of required arguments. One value or

argument can be specified.

Syntax

Description

Example Command

create account [admin | user]

In the above syntax example, you must specify either an admin or a user level account to be created. Do not type the square brackets.

create account admin

| vertical bar

Purpose Separates two or more mutually exclusive items in a list, one of which must

be entered.

Syntax

Description

Example Command

show snmp [community | detail]

In the above syntax example, you must specify either community, or detail. Do not type the vertical bar.

show snmp community

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

{braces}

Purpose Encloses an optional value or set of optional arguments.

Syntax

Description

Example command

reset {[config | system]}

In the above syntax example, you have the option to specify config or system. It is not necessary to specify either optional value, however the

effect of the system reset is dependent on which, if any, value is specified. Therefore, with this example there are three possible outcomes of performing a system reset. See the chapter Basic Commands for more details about the reset command.

reset config

Line Editing Key Usage

Delete Deletes the character under the cursor and then shifts the remaining

characters in the line to the left.

Backspace Deletes the character to the left of the cursor and shifts the remaining

characters in the line to the left.

Left Arrow Moves the cursor to the left.

Right Arrow Moves the cursor to the right.

Up Arrow Repeat the previously entered command. Each time the up arrow is

pressed, the command previous to that displayed appears. This way it is possible to review the command history for the current session. Use the down arrow to progress sequentially forward through the command history list.

Down Arrow The down arrow will display the next command in the command history

entered in the current session. This displays each command sequentially as it was entered. Use the up arrow to review previous commands.

Tab Shifts the cursor to the next field to the left.

Multiple Page Display Control Keys

Space Displays the next page.

CTRL+c Stops the display of remaining pages when multiple pages are to be

displayed.

ESC Stops the display of remaining pages when multiple pages are to be

displayed.

n Displays the next page.

p Displays the previous page.

q Stops the display of remaining pages when multiple pages are to be

displayed.

r Refreshes the pages currently displayed.

a Displays the remaining pages without pausing between pages.

Enter Displays the next line or table entry.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

BASIC SWITCH COMMANDS

The basic switch commands in the Command Line Interface (CLI) are listed (along with the appropriate parameters) in the following table.

Command Parameters

create account [admin | user] <username 15>

config account <username>

show account

show session

show switch

show serial_port

config serial_port {baud_rate [9600 | 19200 | 38400 | 115200] auto_logout [never |

2_minutes | 5_minutes| 10_minutes | 15_minutes]}

enable clipaging

disable clipaging

enable telnet <tcp_port_number 1-65535>

disable telnet

enable web <tcp_port_number 1-65535>

disable web

save

reboot

reset {[config | system]}

logout

ping <ipaddr> {times <value 1-255>} {timeout <sec 1-99>}

Each command is listed, in detail, in the following sections.

create account

Purpose Used to create user accounts.

Syntax

create [admin | user] <username 15>

Description The create account command is used to create user accounts that

consist of a username of 1 to 15 characters and a password of 0 to 15 characters. Up to 8 user accounts can be created.

Parameters admin <username>

user <username>

Restrictions Only Administrator-level users can issue this command.

Usernames can be between 1 and 15 characters.

Example usage:

To create an administrator-level user account with the username “dlink”.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

create account

Passwords can be between 0 and 15 characters.

DGS-3024:4#create account admin dlink

Command: create account admin dlink

Enter a case-sensitive new password:****

Enter the new password again for confirmation:****

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

config account

Purpose Used to configure user accounts.

Example usage:

To configure the user password of “dlink” account:

Syntax

Description The config account command configures a user account that has

Parameters <username>

Restrictions Only Administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#config account dlink

Command: config account dlink

Enter a old password:****

Enter a case-sensitive new password:****

Enter the new password again for confirmation:****

Success.

config account <username>

been created using the create account command.

Usernames can be between 1 and 15 characters.

Passwords can be between 0 and 15 characters.

DGS-3024:4#

show account

Purpose Used to display user accounts.

Syntax

show account

Example usage:

To display the accounts that have been created:

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

show account

Description Displays all user accounts created on the Switch. Up to 8 user

accounts can exist on the Switch at one time.

Parameters None.

Restrictions None.

DGS-3024:4#show account

Command: show account

Current Accounts: Username Access Level

--------------- -----------dlink Admin

Total Entries: 1

Example usage:

To delete the user account “System”:

DGS-3024:4#

delete account

Purpose Used to delete an existing user account.

Syntax

Description The delete account command deletes a user account that has been

Parameters <username>

Restrictions Only Administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#delete account System

Command: delete account System

Are you sure to delete the last administrator account?(y/n)

Success.

delete account <username>

created using the create account command.

DGS-3024:4#

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

show session

Purpose Used to display a list of currently logged-in users.

Example usage:

To display the way that the users logged in:

show switch

Syntax

Description This command displays a list of all the users that are logged-in at

Parameters None.

Restrictions None.

DGS-3024:4#show session

Command: show session

ID Login Time Live Time From Level Name

-- --------------------------- --------------- -------------- ------- -------------------

*8 2204/01/26 3:36:27 0:0:20.260 Serial Port 4 Anonymous

CTRL+C ESC q Quit SPACE n Next Page p Previous Page r Refresh

show session

the time the command is issued.

Purpose Used to display information about the Switch.

Syntax

Description This command displays information about the Switch.

Parameters None.

Restrictions None.

Example usage:

To display the Switch information:

show switch

DGS-3024:4#show switch

Command: show switch

Device Type : DGS-3024 Gigabit-Ethernet Switch MAC Address : DA-10-21-00-00-01 IP Address : 10.41.44.22 (Manual) VLAN Name : default Subnet Mask : 255.0.0.0 Default Gateway : 0.0.0.0 Boot PROM Version : Build 2.00.004 Firmware Version : Build 1.00-B14 Hardware Version : 0A1 System Name : DGS-3024_#3 System Location : 7th_flr_east_cabinet System Contact : Julius_Erving_212-555-6666 Spanning Tree : Disabled GVRP : Disabled

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

IGMP Snooping : Disabled TELNET : Enabled (TCP 23) WEB : Enabled (TCP 80) RMON : Enabled

DGS-3024:4#

show serial_port

Purpose Used to display the current serial port settings.

Example usage:

To display the serial port setting:

Syntax

Description This command displays the current serial port settings.

Parameters None.

Restrictions None.

DGS-3024:4#show serial_port

Command: show serial_port

Baud Rate : 9600 Data Bits : 8 Parity Bits : None Stop Bits : 1 Auto-Logout : 10 mins

DGS-3024:4#

show serial_port

config serial_port

Purpose Used to configure the serial port.

Syntax

Description

Parameters

config serial_port {baud_rate [9600 | 19200 | 38400 | 115200] | auto_logout [never | 2_minutes | 5_minutes | 10_minutes | 15_minutes]}

This command is used to configure the serial port’s baud rate and auto logout settings.

baud rate [9600 | 19200 | 38400 | 115200] − The serial bit rate that will be used to communicate with the management host.

auto_logout - This parameter will allow the user to choose the time the Switch’s serial port will be idle before automatically logging out. The user may choose one of the following.

  never − No time limit on the length of time the console can be open with no user input.

2_minutes − The console will log out the current user if there is no

user input for 2 minutes.

Example usage:

To configure the baud rate:

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

config serial_port



5_minutes − The console will log out the current user if there is no

user input for 5 minutes.



10_minutes − The console will log out the current user if there is

no user input for 10 minutes.



15_minutes − The console will log out the current user if there is

no user input for 15 minutes.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#config serial_port baud_rate 9600

Command: config serial_port baud_rate 9600

Success.

Example usage:

To enable pausing of the screen display when the show command output reaches the end of the page:

DGS-3024:4#

enable clipaging

Purpose Used to pause the scrolling of the console screen when the show

command displays more than one page.

Syntax

Description This command is used when issuing a command which causes the

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#enable clipaging

Command: enable clipaging

enable clipaging

console screen to rapidly scroll through several pages. This command will cause the console to pause at the end of each page. The default setting is enabled.

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

disable clipaging

Purpose Used to disable the pausing of the console screen scrolling at the

end of each page when the command displays more than one screen of information.

Example usage:

To disable pausing of the screen display when show command output reaches the end of the page:

Syntax

Description This command is used to disable the pausing of the console screen

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#disable clipaging

Command: disable clipaging

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

disable clipaging

at the end of each page when the command would display more than one screen of information.

enable telnet

Example usage:

To enable Telnet and configure port number:

Purpose Used to enable communication with and management of the Switch

using the Telnet protocol.

Syntax

Description This command is used to enable the Telnet protocol on the Switch.

Parameters

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#enable telnet 23

Command: enable telnet 23

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

enable telnet <tcp_port_number 1-65535>

The user can specify the TCP or UDP port number the Switch will use to listen for Telnet requests.

<tcp_port_number 1-65535> − The TCP port number. TCP ports are numbered between 1 and 65535. The “well-known” TCP port for the Telnet protocol is 23.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

disable telnet

Purpose Used to disable the Telnet protocol on the Switch.

Example usage:

To disable the Telnet protocol on the Switch:

Syntax

Description This command is used to disable the Telnet protocol on the Switch.

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#disable telnet

Command: disable telnet

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

disable telnet

enable web

Purpose Used to enable the HTTP-based management software on the

Switch.

Example usage:

To enable HTTP and configure port number:

Syntax

Description This command is used to enable the Web-based management

Parameters

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#enable web 80

Command: enable web 80

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

enable web <tcp_port_number 1-65535>

software on the Switch. The user can specify the TCP port number the Switch will use to listen for Telnet requests.

<tcp_port_number 1-65535> − The TCP port number. TCP ports are numbered between 1 and 65535. The “well-known” port for the Web-based management software is 80.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

disable web

Purpose Used to disable the HTTP-based management software on the

Switch.

Example usage:

To disable HTTP:

Syntax

Description This command disables the Web-based management software on

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#disable web

Command: disable web

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

disable web

the Switch.

save

Purpose Used to save changes in the Switch’s configuration to non-volatile

RAM.

Example usage:

To save the Switch’s current configuration to non-volatile RAM:

Syntax

Description This command is used to enter the current switch configuration into

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#save

Command: save

Saving all configurations to NV-RAM... Done.

DGS-3024:4#

save

non-volatile RAM. The saved switch configuration will be loaded into the Switch’s memory each time the Switch is restarted.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

reboot

Purpose Used to restart the Switch.

Syntax

Description This command is used to restart the Switch.

Parameters None.

Restrictions None.

Example usage:

To restart the Switch:

DGS-3024:4#reboot

Command: reboot

Are you sure want to proceed with the system reboot? (y/n)

reset

Purpose Used to reset the Switch to the factory default settings.

Syntax

Description This command is used to restore the Switch’s configuration to the

Parameters

reboot

reset {[config | system]}

default settings assigned from the factory.

config − If the keyword ‘config’ is specified, all of the factory default settings are restored on the Switch including the IP address, user accounts, and the Switch history log. The Switch will not save or reboot.

system − If the keyword ‘system’ is specified all of the factory default settings are restored on the Switch. The Switch will save and reboot after the settings are changed to default. Rebooting will clear all entries in the Forwarding Data Base.

If no parameter is specified, the Switch’s current IP address, user accounts, and the Switch history log are not changed. All other parameters are restored to the factory default settings. The Switch will not save or reboot.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example usage:

To restore all of the Switch’s parameters to their default values:

DGS-3024:4#reset config

Command: reset config

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

Purpose Used to log in a user to the Switch’s console.

Syntax

Description This command is used to initiate the login procedure. The user will be

Parameters None.

Restrictions None.

Example usage:

To initiate the login procedure:

prompted for his Username and Password.

DGS-3024:4#login

Command: login

UserName:

logout

Purpose Used to log out a user from the Switch’s console.

Syntax

Description This command terminates the current user’s session on the Switch’s

logout

console.

Example usage:

To terminate the current user’s console session:

ping

Purpose Used to test the connectivity between network devices.

Syntax

Description The ping command sends Internet Control Message Protocol

Parameters <ipaddr> - Specifies the IP address of the host.

Parameters None.

Restrictions None.

DGS-3024:4#logout

ping <ipaddr> {times <value 1-255>} {timeout <sec 1-99>}

(ICMP) echo messages to a remote IP address. The remote IP address will then “echo” or return the message. This is used to confirm connectivity between the Switch and the remote device.

times <value 1-255> - The number of individual ICMP echo messages to be sent. The maximum value is 255. The default is

timeout <sec 1-99> - Defines the time-out period while waiting for a response from the remote device. A value of 1 to 99 seconds can be specified. The default is 1 second.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

ping

Pinging an IP address without the times parameter will ping the target device an infinite amount of times.

Restrictions None.

Example usage:

To ping the IP address 10.48.74.121 four times:

DGS-3024:4#ping 10.48.74.121 times 4

Command: ping 10.48.74.121

Reply from 10.48.74.121, time<10ms Reply from 10.48.74.121, time<10ms Reply from 10.48.74.121, time<10ms Reply from 10.48.74.121, time<10ms

Ping statistics for 10.48.74.121 Packets: Sent =4, Received =4, Lost =0

DGS-3024:4#

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

SWITCH PORT COMMANDS

The switch port commands in the Command Line Interface (CLI) are listed (along with the appropriate parameters) in the following table.

Command Parameters

config ports [<portlist> | all] {speed [auto | 10_half | 10_full | 100_half | 100_full |

1000_full] | flow_control [enable | disable] | learning [enable | disable] | state [enable | disable]}

show ports {<portlist>}

Each command is listed, in detail, in the following sections.

config ports

Purpose Used to configure the Switch’s Ethernet port settings.

Syntax

Description This command allows for the configuration of the Switch’s Ethernet ports.

Parameters

config ports [<portlist> | all] {speed [auto | 10_half | 10_full | 100_half | 100_full | 1000_full] | flow_control [enable | disable] | learning [enable | disable] | state [enable | disable]}

Only the ports listed in the <portlist> will be affected.

<portlist> − Specifies a range of ports to be configured.

all − Configure all ports on the Switch.

speed – Allows the user to set the speed of a port or range of ports, with

the addition of one of the following:



auto − Enables auto-negotiation for the specified range of ports.



[10 | 100 | 1000] − Configures the speed in Mbps for the specified range of ports. Gigabit ports are statically set to 1000 and cannot be set to slower speeds.



[half | full] − Configures the specified range of ports as either full- or half-duplex.

flow_control [enable | disable] – Enable or disable flow control for the specified ports.

learning [enable | disable] − Enables or disables the MAC address learning on the specified range of ports.

Example usage:

To configure the speed of ports 1-3 to be 10 Mbps, full duplex, learning and state enabled:

state [enable | disable] − Enables or disables the specified range of ports.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#config ports 1-3 speed 10_full learning enable state enable

Command: config ports 1-3 speed 10_full learning enable state enable

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

show ports

Purpose Used to display the current configuration of a range of ports.

Example usage:

To display the configuration of ports 1-5 on the Switch:

Syntax

Description This command is used to display the current configuration of a range

Parameters

Restrictions None.

DGS-3024:4#show ports 1-5

Command: show ports 1-5

Port Port Settings Connection Address State Speed/Duplex/FlowCtrl Speed/Duplex/FlowCtrl Learning

--- -------- --------------------- --------------------- -------1 Enabled Auto/Enabled Link Down Enabled 2 Enabled Auto/Enabled Link Down Enabled 3 Enabled Auto/Enabled Link Down Enabled 4 Enabled Auto/Enabled Link Down Enabled 5 Enabled Auto/Enabled Link Down Enabled

CTRL+C ESC q Quit SPACE n Next Page p Previous Page r Refresh

show ports {<portlist>}

of ports.

<portlist> − Specifies a port or range of ports to be displayed.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

NETWORK MANAGEMENT (SNMP) COMMANDS

The network management commands in the Command Line Interface (CLI) are listed (along with the appropriate parameters) in the following table.

The DGS-3024 supports the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) versions 1, 2c, and 3. The user may specify which version of the SNMP to use to monitor and control the Switch. The three versions of SNMP vary in the level of security provided between the management station and the network device. The following table lists the security features of the three SNMP versions:

SNMP Version

v1 Community String

v2c Community String

v3 Username

v3 MD5 or SHA

v3 MD5 DES or SHA DES

Authentication Method Description

Community String is used for authentication − NoAuthNoPriv

Username is used for authentication − NoAuthNoPriv

Authentication is based on the HMAC-MD5 or HMAC-SHA algorithms

− AuthNoPriv

Authentication is based on the HMAC-MD5 or HMAC-SHA algorithms

− AuthPriv.

DES 32-bit encryption is added based on the CBC-DES (DES-32) standard

Command Parameters

create snmp user <username 32> <groupname 32> {encrypted [by_password

auth [md5 <auth_password 8-16> | sha <auth_password 820>] priv [none | des <priv_password 8-16>] | by_key auth [md5 <auth_key 32-32>| sha<auth_key 40-40>] priv [none | des <priv_key 32-32>]]}

delete snmp user <username 32>

show snmp user

create snmp view <view_name 32> <oid> view_type [included | excluded]

delete snmp view <view_name 32> [all | oid]

show snmp view {<view_name 32>}

create snmp community <community_string 32> view <view_name 32> [read_only |

read_write]

delete snmp community <community_string 32>

show snmp community {<community_string 32>}

config snmp engineID <snmp_engineID>

show snmp engineID

create snmp group <groupname 32> [v1 | v2c | v3 [noauth_nopriv | auth_nopriv |

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

Command Parameters

auth_priv]] {read_view <view_name 32> | write_view <view_name 32> | notify_view <view_name 32>}

delete snmp group <groupname 32>

show snmp groups

create snmp host <ipaddr> [v1 | v2c | v3 [noauth_nopriv | auth_nopriv |

auth_priv]] <auth_string 32>

delete snmp host <ipaddr>

show snmp host {<ipaddr>}

enable rmon

disable rmon

create trusted_host <ipaddr>

delete trusted_host <ipaddr>

show trusted_host <ipaddr>

enable snmp traps

disable snmp traps

enable snmp authenticate traps

disable snmp authenticate traps

show snmp traps

config snmp system_contact

config snmp system_location

config snmp system_name

Each command is listed, in detail, in the following sections.

<sw_contact>

<sw_location>

<sw_name>

create snmp user

Purpose Used to create a new SNMP user and adds the user to an SNMP

group that is also created by this command.

Syntax

create snmp user <username 32> <groupname 32> {encrypted [by_password auth [md5 <auth_password 8-16> | sha <auth_password 8-20>] priv [none | des <priv_password 8-16>] | by_key auth [md5 <auth_key 32-32>| sha <auth_key 40-40>] priv [none | des <priv_key 32-32>]]}

Description

Parameters

The create snmp user command creates a new SNMP user and adds the user to an SNMP group that is also created by this command.

<username 32> − An alphanumeric name of up to 32 characters that will identify the new SNMP user.

<groupname 32> − An alphanumeric name of up to 32 characters

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

create snmp user

that will identify the SNMP group the new SNMP user will be associated with.

encrypted – Allows the user to choose a type of authorization for authentication using SNMP. The user may choose:

auth - The user may also choose the type of authentication algorithms used to authenticate the snmp user. The choices are:

•

by_password – Requires the SNMP user to enter a password for authentication and privacy. The password is defined by specifying the auth_password below. This method is recommended.

•

by_key – Requires the SNMP user to enter a encryption key for authentication and privacy. The key is defined by specifying the key in hex form below. This method is not recommended.

•

md5 − Specifies that the HMAC-MD5-96 authentication level will be used. md5 may be utilized by entering one of the following:



<auth password 8-16> - An alphanumeric sting of between 8 and 16 characters that will be used to authorize the agent to receive packets for the host.



<auth_key 32-32> - Enter an alphanumeric sting of exactly 32 characters, in hex form, to define the key that will be used to authorize the agent to receive packets for the host.

•

sha − Specifies that the HMAC-SHA-96 authentication level will be used.



<auth password 8-20> - An alphanumeric sting of between 8 and 20 characters that will be used to authorize the agent to receive packets for the host.



<auth_key 40-40> - An alphanumeric sting of exactly 40 characters, in hex form, to define the key that will be used to authorize the agent to receive packets for the host.

priv – Adding the priv (privacy) parameter will allow for encryption in addition to the authentication algorithm for higher security. The user may choose:

•

des – Adding this parameter will allow for a 56-bit encryption to be added using the DES-56 standard using:



<priv_password 8-16> - An alphanumeric string of between 8 and 16 characters that will be used to encrypt the contents of messages the host sends to the agent.



<priv_key 32-32> - An alphanumeric key string of exactly 32 characters, in hex form, that will be used to encrypt the contents of messages the host sends to

create snmp user

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example usage:

To create an SNMP user on the Switch:

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

the agent.

none – Adding this parameter will add no encryption.

DGS-3024:4#create snmp user dlink default encrypted by_password auth md5 auth_password priv none

Command: create snmp user dlink default encrypted by_password auth md5 auth_password priv none

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

Example usage:

To delete a previously entered SNMP user on the Switch:

delete snmp user

Purpose Used to remove an SNMP user from an SNMP group and also to

delete the associated SNMP group.

Syntax

Description

Parameters

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#delete snmp user dlink

Command: delete snmp user dlink

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

delete snmp user <username 32>

The delete snmp user command removes an SNMP user from its SNMP group and then deletes the associated SNMP group.

<username 32> − An alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters that identifies the SNMP user that will be deleted.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

show snmp user

Purpose Used to display information about each SNMP username in the

SNMP group username table.

Example usage:

To display the SNMP users currently configured on the Switch:

Syntax

Description The show snmp user command displays information about each

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#show snmp user

Command: show snmp user

Username Group Name SNMP Version Auth-Protocol PrivProtocol

--------------- --------------- ------------ ------------- ----------- initial initial V3 None None

Total Entries: 1

DGS-3024:4#

show snmp user

SNMP username in the SNMP group username table.

Example usage:

create snmp view

Purpose Used to assign views to community strings to limit which MIB objects

and SNMP manager can access.

Syntax

Description The create snmp view command assigns views to community strings

Parameters

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

create snmp view <view_name 32> <oid> view_type [included | excluded]

to limit which MIB objects an SNMP manager can access.

<view_name 32> − An alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters that identifies the SNMP view that will be created.

<oid> − The object ID that identifies an object tree (MIB tree) that will be included or excluded from access by an SNMP manager.

included − Include this object in the list of objects that an SNMP manager can access.

excluded − Exclude this object from the list of objects that an SNMP manager can access.

To create an SNMP view:

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DGS-3024:4#create snmp view dlinkview 1.3.6 view_type included

Command: create snmp view dlinkview 1.3.6 view_type included

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

delete snmp view

Purpose Used to remove an SNMP view entry previously created on the

Switch.

Example usage:

To delete a previously configured SNMP view from the Switch:

Syntax

Description

Parameters

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#delete snmp view dlinkview all

Command: delete snmp view dlinkview all

Success.

delete snmp view <view_name 32> [all | <oid>]

The delete snmp view command is used to remove an SNMP view previously created on the Switch.

<view_name 32> − An alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters that identifies the SNMP view to be deleted.

all − Specifies that all of the SNMP views on the Switch will be deleted.

<oid> − The object ID that identifies an object tree (MIB tree) that will be deleted from the Switch.

Example usage:

To display SNMP view configuration:

DGS-3024:4#

show snmp view

Purpose Used to display an SNMP view previously created on the Switch.

Syntax

Description

Parameters

Restrictions None.

show snmp view {<view_name 32>}

The show snmp view command displays an SNMP view previously created on the Switch.

<view_name 32> − An alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters that identifies the SNMP view that will be displayed.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DGS-3024:4#show snmp view

Command: show snmp view

Vacm View Table Settings View Name Subtree View Type

-------------------- ------------------------- --------- ReadView 1 Included WriteView 1 Included NotifyView 1.3.6 Included restricted 1.3.6.1.2.1.1 Included restricted 1.3.6.1.2.1.11 Included restricted 1.3.6.1.6.3.10.2.1 Included restricted 1.3.6.1.6.3.11.2.1 Included restricted 1.3.6.1.6.3.15.1.1 Included CommunityView 1 Included CommunityView 1.3.6.1.6.3 Excluded CommunityView 1.3.6.1.6.3.1 Included

Total Entries: 11

DGS-3024:4#

create snmp community

Purpose Used to create an SNMP community string to define the relationship

between the SNMP manager and an agent. The community string acts like a password to permit access to the agent on the Switch. One or more of the following characteristics can be associated with the community string:

An Access List of IP addresses of SNMP managers that are permitted to use the community string to gain access to the Switch’s SNMP agent.

An MIB view that defines the subset of all MIB objects that will be accessible to the SNMP community.

Read/write or read-only level permission for the MIB objects accessible to the SNMP community.

Syntax

Description

create snmp community <community_string 32> view <view_name 32> [read_only | read_write]

The create snmp community command is used to create an SNMP community string and to assign access-limiting characteristics to this community string.

Parameters

<community_string 32> − An alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters that is used to identify members of an SNMP community. This string is used like a password to give remote SNMP managers access to MIB objects in the Switch’s SNMP agent.

<view_name 32> − An alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters that is used to identify the group of MIB objects that a remote SNMP manager is allowed to access on the Switch.

read_only − Specifies that SNMP community members using the community string created with this command can only read the contents of the MIBs on the Switch.

create snmp community

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example usage:

To create the SNMP community string “dlink:”

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

read_write − Specifies that SNMP community members using the community string created with this command can read from and write to the contents of the MIBs on the Switch.

DGS-3024:4#create snmp community dlink view ReadView read_write

Command: create snmp community dlink view ReadView read_write

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

Example usage:

To delete the SNMP community string “dlink:”

delete snmp community

Purpose Used to remove a specific SNMP community string from the Switch.

Syntax

Description

Parameters

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#delete snmp community dlink

Command: delete snmp community dlink

Success.

delete snmp community <community_string 32>

The delete snmp community command is used to remove a previously defined SNMP community string from the Switch.

<community_string 32> − An alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters that is used to identify members of an SNMP community to delete. This string is used like a password to give remote SNMP managers access to MIB objects in the Switch’s SNMP agent.

DGS-3024:4#

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

show snmp community

Purpose Used to display SNMP community strings configured on the Switch.

Example usage:

To display the currently entered SNMP community strings:

Syntax

Description

Parameters

Restrictions None.

DGS-3024:4#show snmp community

Command: show snmp community

SNMP Community Table

Community Name View Name Access Right

-------------------------------- -------------------------- -----------dlink ReadView read_write private CommunityView read_write public CommunityView read_only

show snmp community {<community_string 32>}

The show snmp community command is used to display SNMP community strings that are configured on the Switch.

Example usage:

To give the SNMP agent on the Switch the name “0035636666”

Total Entries: 3

DGS-3024:4#

config snmp engineID

Purpose Used to configure a name for the SNMP engine on the Switch.

Syntax

Description

Parameters

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

config snmp engineID <snmp_engineID>

The config snmp engineID command configures a name for the SNMP engine on the Switch.

<snmp_engineID> − An alphanumeric string that will be used to identify the SNMP engine on the Switch.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DGS-3024:4#config snmp engineID 0035636666

Command: config snmp engineID 0035636666

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

show snmp engineID

Purpose Used to display the identification of the SNMP engine on the Switch.

Example usage:

To display the current name of the SNMP engine on the Switch:

Syntax

Description

Parameters None.

Restrictions None.

DGS-3024:4#show snmp engineID

Command: show snmp engineID

SNMP Engine ID : 0035636666

DGS-3024:4#

show snmp engineID

The show snmp engineID command displays the identification of the SNMP engine on the Switch.

create snmp group

Purpose Used to create a new SNMP group, or a table that maps SNMP

users to SNMP views.

Syntax

Description

Parameters

create snmp group <groupname 32> [v1 | v2c | v3 [noauth_nopriv | auth_nopriv | auth_priv]] {read_view <view_name 32> | write_view <view_name 32> | notify_view <view_name 32>}

The create snmp group command creates a new SNMP group, or a table that maps SNMP users to SNMP views.

<groupname 32> − An alphanumeric name of up to 32 characters that will identify the SNMP group the new SNMP user will be associated with.

v1 – Specifies that SNMP version 1 will be used. The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), version 1, is a network management protocol that provides a means to monitor and control network devices.

v2c – Specifies that SNMP version 2c will be used. The SNMP v2c supports both centralized and distributed network management

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

create snmp group

strategies. It includes improvements in the Structure of Management Information (SMI) and adds some security features.

v3 – Specifies that the SNMP version 3 will be used. SNMP v3 provides secure access to devices through a combination of authentication and encrypting packets over the network. SNMP v3 adds:



tampered with during transit.



valid source.



prevent it being viewed by an unauthorized source.

noauth_nopriv − Specifies that there will be no authorization and no encryption of packets sent between the Switch and a remote SNMP manager.

auth_nopriv − Specifies that authorization will be required, but there will be no encryption of packets sent between the Switch and a remote SNMP manager.

Message integrity − Ensures that packets have not been

Authentication − Determines if an SNMP message is from a

Encryption − Scrambles the contents of messages to

auth_priv − Specifies that authorization will be required, and that packets sent between the Switch and a remote SNMP manger will be encrypted.

read_view – Specifies that the SNMP group being created can request SNMP messages.



<view_name 32> − An alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters that is used to identify the group of MIB objects that a remote SNMP manager is allowed to access on the Switch.

write_view – Specifies that the SNMP group being created has write privileges.



<view_name 32> − An alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters that is used to identify the group of MIB objects that a remote SNMP manager is allowed to access on the Switch.

notify_view − Specifies that the SNMP group being created can receive SNMP trap messages generated by the Switch’s SNMP agent.



<view_name 32> − An alphanumeric string of up to 32 characters that is used to identify the group of MIB objects that a remote SNMP manager is allowed to access on the Switch.

Example usage:

To create an SNMP group named “sg1:”

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DGS-3024:4#create snmp group sg1 v3 noauth_nopriv read_view v1 write_view v1 notify_view v1

Command: create snmp group sg1 v3 noauth_nopriv read_view v1 write_view v1 notify_view v1

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

delete snmp group

Purpose Used to remove an SNMP group from the Switch.

Example usage:

To delete the SNMP group named “sg1”.

Syntax

Description

Parameters

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#delete snmp group sg1

Command: delete snmp group sg1

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

delete snmp group <groupname 32>

The delete snmp group command is used to remove an SNMP group from the Switch.

<groupname 32> − An alphanumeric name of up to 32 characters that will identify the SNMP group the new SNMP user will be associated with.

Example usage:

To display the currently configured SNMP groups on the Switch:

show snmp groups

Purpose Used to display the group-names of SNMP groups currently

configured on the Switch. The security model, level, and status of each group are also displayed.

Syntax

Description

Parameters None.

Restrictions None.

show snmp groups

The show snmp groups command displays the group-names of SNMP groups currently configured on the Switch. The security model, level, and status of each group are also displayed.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DGS-3024:4#show snmp groups

Command: show snmp groups

Vacm Access Table Settings

Group Name : Group3 ReadView Name : ReadView WriteView Name : WriteView Notify View Name : NotifyView Security Model : SNMPv3 Security Level : NoAuthNoPriv

Group Name : Group4 ReadView Name : ReadView WriteView Name : WriteView Notify View Name : NotifyView Security Model : SNMPv3 Security Level : authNoPriv

Group Name : Group5 ReadView Name : ReadView WriteView Name : WriteView Notify View Name : NotifyView Security Model : SNMPv3 Security Level : authNoPriv

Group Name : Group6 ReadView Name : ReadView WriteView Name : WriteView Notify View Name : NotifyView Security Model : SNMPv3 Security Level : authPriv

Group Name : Group7 ReadView Name : ReadView WriteView Name : WriteView Notify View Name : NotifyView Security Model : SNMPv3 Security Level : authPriv

Group Name : initial ReadView Name : restricted WriteView Name : Notify View Name : restricted Security Model : SNMPv3 Security Level : NoAuthNoPriv

Group Name : ReadGroup ReadView Name : CommunityView WriteView Name : Notify View Name : CommunityView Security Model : SNMPv1 Security Level : NoAuthNoPriv

Group Name : ReadGroup

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

ReadView Name : CommunityView WriteView Name : Notify View Name : CommunityView Security Model : SNMPv2 Security Level : NoAuthNoPriv

Group Name : WriteGroup ReadView Name : CommunityView WriteView Name : CommunityView Notify View Name : CommunityView Security Model : SNMPv1 Security Level : NoAuthNoPriv

Group Name : WriteGroup ReadView Name : CommunityView WriteView Name : CommunityView Notify View Name : CommunityView Security Model : SNMPv2 Security Level : NoAuthNoPriv

Total Entries: 10

DGS-3024:4#

create snmp host

Purpose Used to create a recipient of SNMP traps generated by the Switch’s

SNMP agent.

Syntax

Description

Parameters

create snmp host <ipaddr> [v1 | v2c | v3 [noauth_nopriv | auth_nopriv | auth_priv] <auth_string 32>]

The create snmp host command creates a recipient of SNMP traps generated by the Switch’s SNMP agent.

<ipaddr> − The IP address of the remote management station that will serve as the SNMP host for the Switch.

v2c – Specifies that SNMP version 2c will be used. The SNMP v2c supports both centralized and distributed network management strategies. It includes improvements in the Structure of Management Information (SMI) and adds some security features.

v3 – Specifies that the SNMP version 3 will be used. SNMP v3 provides secure access to devices through a combination of authentication and encrypting packets over the network. SNMP v3 adds:

  Message integrity − ensures that packets have not been

tampered with during transit.

Authentication − determines if an SNMP message is from a

valid source.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

create snmp host

noauth_nopriv − Specifies that there will be no authorization and no encryption of packets sent between the Switch and a remote SNMP manager.

auth_nopriv − Specifies that authorization will be required, but there will be no encryption of packets sent between the Switch and a remote SNMP manager.

auth_priv − Specifies that authorization will be required, and that packets sent between the Switch and a remote SNMP manger will be encrypted.

 Encryption − scrambles the contents of messages to prevent it being viewed by an unauthorized source.

Example usage:

To create an SNMP host to receive SNMP messages:

<auth_sting 32>

remote SNMP manager to access the Switch’s SNMP agent.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#create snmp host 10.48.74.100 v3 auth_priv public

Command: create snmp host 10.48.74.100 v3 auth_priv public

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

−

An alphanumeric string used to authorize a

delete snmp host

Purpose Used to remove a recipient of SNMP traps generated by the Switch’s

SNMP agent.

Syntax

delete snmp host <ipaddr>

Example usage:

To delete an SNMP host entry:

Description

Parameters

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

The delete snmp host command deletes a recipient of SNMP traps generated by the Switch’s SNMP agent.

<ipaddr> − The IP address of a remote SNMP manager that will receive SNMP traps generated by the Switch’s SNMP agent.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DGS-3024:4#delete snmp host 10.48.74.100

Command: delete snmp host 10.48.74.100

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

show snmp host

Purpose Used to display the recipient of SNMP traps generated by the

Switch’s SNMP agent.

Example usage:

To display the currently configured SNMP hosts on the Switch:

DGS-3024:4#show snmp host

Command: show snmp host

SNMP Host Table Host IP Address SNMP Version Community Name / SNMPv3 User Name

--------------- --------------------- ------------------------------

10.48.76.23 V2c private

10.48.74.100 V3 public

Total Entries: 2

Syntax

Description

Parameters

Restrictions None.

show snmp host {<ipaddr>}

The show snmp host command is used to display the IP addresses and configuration information of remote SNMP managers that are designated as recipients of SNMP traps that are generated by the Switch’s SNMP agent.

<ipaddr> − The IP address of a remote SNMP manager that will receive SNMP traps generated by the Switch’s SNMP agent.

DGS-3024:4#

Example Usage:

enable rmon

Purpose Used to enable RMON on the Switch.

Syntax

Description

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

enable rmon

This command is used, in conjunction with the disable rmon command below, to enable and disable remote monitoring (RMON) on the Switch.

To enable RMON:

DGS-3024:4#enable rmon

Command: enable rmon

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

disable rmon

Purpose Used to disable RMON on the Switch.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

Syntax

Description

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example Usage:

To disable RMON:

DGS-3024:4#disable rmon

Command: disable rmon

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

create trusted_host

disable rmon

This command is used, in conjunction with the enable rmon command above, to enable and disable remote monitoring (RMON) on the Switch.

Purpose Used to create the trusted host.

Syntax

Description

Parameters

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example usage:

To create the trusted host:

create trusted_host <ipaddr>

The create trusted_host command creates the trusted host. The Switch allows you to specify up to four IP addresses that are allowed to manage the Switch via in-band SNMP or TELNET based management software. These IP addresses must be members of the Management VLAN. If no IP addresses are specified, then there is nothing to prevent any IP address from accessing the Switch, provided the user knows the Username and Password.

<ipaddr> − The IP address of the trusted host to be created.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DGS-3024:4#create trusted_host 10.48.74.121

Command: create trusted_host 10.48.74.121

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

show trusted_host

Purpose Used to display a list of trusted hosts entered on the Switch using

the create trusted_host command above.

Example Usage:

To display the list of trust hosts:

Syntax

Description This command is used to display a list of trusted hosts entered on

Parameters

Restrictions None.

DGS-3024:4#show trusted_host

Command: show trusted_host

Management Stations

IP Address

-----------------------

10.53.13.94

Total Entries: 1

DGS-3024:4#

show trusted_host {<ipaddr>}

the Switch using the create trusted_host command above.

<ipaddr> − The IP address of the trusted host.

delete trusted_host

Purpose

Syntax

Description This command is used to delete a trusted host entry made using the

Parameters

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example Usage:

To delete a trusted host with an IP address 10.48.74.121:

Used to delete a trusted host entry made using the create trusted_host command above.

delete trusted _host <ipaddr>

create trusted_host command above.

<ipaddr> − The IP address of the trusted host.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DGS-3024:4#delete trusted_host 10.48.74.121

Command: delete trusted_host 10.48.74.121

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

enable snmp traps

Purpose Used to enable SNMP trap support.

Syntax

Description

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example usage:

To enable SNMP trap support on the Switch:

DGS-3024:4#enable snmp traps

Command: enable snmp traps

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

enable snmp traps

The enable snmp traps command is used to enable SNMP trap support on the Switch.

disable snmp traps

Purpose Used to disable SNMP trap support on the Switch.

Syntax

disable snmp traps

Description This command is used to disable SNMP trap support on the

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example Usage:

To prevent SNMP traps from being sent from the Switch:

Switch.

DGS-3024:4#disable snmp traps

Command: disable snmp traps

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

enable snmp authenticate trap

Purpose Used to enable SNMP authentication trap support.

Syntax

Description This command is used to enable SNMP authentication trap

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example Usage:

To turn on SNMP authentication trap support:

disable snmp authenticate trap

Purpose Used to disable SNMP authentication trap support.

enable snmp authenticate trap

support on the Switch.

DGS-3024:4#enable snmp authenticate trap

Command: enable snmp authenticate trap

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

Syntax

Description This command is used to disable SNMP authentication support on

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example Usage:

To disable the SNMP authentication trap support:

show snmp traps

Purpose Used to show SNMP trap support on the Switch .

disable snmp authenticate trap

the Switch.

DGS-3024:4#disable snmp authenticate trap

Command: disable snmp authenticate trap

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

Syntax

Description This command is used to view the SNMP trap support status

show snmp traps

currently configured on the Switch.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

show snmp traps

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example usage:

To view the current SNMP trap support:

DGS-3024:4#show snmp traps

Command: show snmp traps

SNMP Traps : Enabled

Authenticate Trap : Enabled

DGS-3024:4#

config snmp system_contact

Purpose Used to enter the name of a contact person who is responsible for

the Switch.

Syntax

Description

Parameters <sw_contact> - A maximum of 255 characters is allowed. A NULL

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example usage:

To configure the Switch contact to “

DGS-3024:4#config snmp system_contact MIS Department II

Command: config snmp system_contact MIS Department II

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

config snmp system_contact {<sw_contact>}

The config snmp system_contact command is used to enter the name and/or other information to identify a contact person who is responsible for the Switch. A maximum of 255 character can be used.

string is accepted if there is no contact.

MIS Department II

”:

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

config snmp system_location

Purpose Used to enter a description of the location of the Switch.

Syntax

Description

Parameters <sw_location> - A maximum of 255 characters is allowed. A NULL

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example usage:

To configure the Switch location for “

DGS-3024:4#config snmp system_location HQ 5F

Command: config snmp system_location HQ 5F

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

config snmp system_location {<sw_location>}

The config snmp system_location command is used to enter a description of the location of the Switch. A maximum of 255 characters can be used.

string is accepted if there is no location desired.

HQ 5F

”:

config snmp system_name

Purpose Used to configure the name for the Switch.

Syntax

Description

Parameters <sw_name> - A maximum of 255 characters is allowed. A NULL

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example usage:

To configure the Switch name for “

DGS-3024:4#config snmp system_name DGS-3024 Switch

Command: config snmp system_name DGS-3024 Switch

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

config snmp system_name {<sw_name>}

The config snmp system_name command configures the name of the Switch.

string is accepted if no name is desired.

DGS-3024 Switch”

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

MAC NOTIFICATION COMMANDS

The MAC notification commands in the Command Line Interface (CLI) are listed, in the following table, along with their appropriate parameters.

Command Parameters

enable mac_notification

disable mac_notification

config mac_notification {interval <int 1-2147483647> | historysize <int 1-500>}

config mac_notification ports [<portlist> | all] [enable | disable]

show mac_notification

show mac_notification ports <portlist>

Each command is listed, in detail, in the following sections.

Example Usage:

To enable MAC notification without changing basic configuration:

enable mac_notification

Purpose Used to enable global MAC address table notification on the

Switch.

Syntax

Description This command is used to enable MAC Address Notification without

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#enable mac_notification

Command: enable mac_notification

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

enable mac_notification

changing configuration.

disable mac_notification

Purpose Used to disable global MAC address table notification on the Switch.

Syntax

Description This command is used to disable MAC Address Notification without

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

disable mac_notification

changing configuration.

Example Usage:

To disable MAC notification without changing basic configuration:

config mac_notification

Purpose Used to configure MAC address notification.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DGS-3024:4#disable mac_notification

Command: disable mac_notification

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

Syntax

Description MAC address notification is used to monitor MAC addresses

Parameters interval <int 1-2147483647> - The time in seconds between

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example usage:

To configure the Switch’s MAC address table notification global settings:

DGS-3024:4#config mac_notification interval 1 historysize 500

Command: config mac_notification interval 1 historysize 500

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

config mac_notification {interval <int 1-2147483647> | historysize <int 1-500>

learned and entered into the FDB.

notifications. The user may choose an interval between 1 and 2,147,483,647 seconds.

historysize <1-500> - The maximum number of entries listed in the history log used for notification.

config mac_notification ports

Purpose Used to configure MAC address notification status settings.

Syntax

Description MAC address notification is used to monitor MAC addresses learned

Parameters <portlist> - Specify a port or range of ports to be configured.

config mac_notification ports [<portlist> | all] [enable | disable]

and entered into the FDB.

all – Entering this command will allow the configuration of all ports on the system.

[enable | disable] – These commands will enable or disable MAC

config mac_notification ports

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example usage:

To enable port 7 for MAC address table notification:

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

address table notification on the Switch.

DGS-3024:4#config mac_notification ports 7 enable

Command: config mac_notification ports 7 enable

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

show mac_notification

Purpose Used to display the Switch’s MAC address table notification global

settings.

Syntax

Description This command is used to display the Switch’s MAC address table

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example usage:

To view the Switch’s MAC address table notification global settings:

DGS-3024:4#show mac_notification

Command: show mac_notification

Global Mac Notification Settings

State : Enabled Interval : 1 History Size : 1

show mac_notification

notification global settings.

DGS-3024:4#

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

show mac_notification ports

Purpose Used to display the Switch’s MAC address table notification status

settings.

Syntax

Description This command is used to display the Switch’s MAC address table

Parameters <portlist> - Specify a port or group of ports to be viewed.

Restrictions None

Example usage:

To display all port’s MAC address table notification status settings:

DGS-3024:4#show mac_notification ports

Command: show mac_notification ports

Port # MAC Address Table Notification State

------ -----------------------------------1 Disabled 2 Disabled 3 Disabled 4 Disabled 5 Disabled 6 Disabled 7 Disabled 8 Disabled 9 Disabled 10 Disabled 11 Disabled 12 Disabled 13 Disabled 14 Disabled 15 Disabled 16 Disabled 17 Disabled 18 Disabled 19 Disabled 20 Disabled

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show mac_notification ports <portlist>

notification status settings.

Entering this command without the parameter will display the MAC notification table for all ports.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DOWNLOAD/UPLOAD COMMANDS

The download/upload commands in the Command Line Interface (CLI) are listed (along with the appropriate parameters) in the following table.

Command Parameters

download [firmware <ipaddr> <path_filename 64> | configuration <ipaddr>

<path_filename 64> {increment}]

upload [configuration | log] <ipaddr> <path_filename 64>

Each command is listed, in detail, in the following sections.

download

Purpose Used to download and install new firmware or a switch configuration

file from a TFTP server.

Syntax

Description This command is used to download a new firmware or a switch

Parameters

Restrictions The TFTP server must be on the same IP subnet as the Switch.

Example usage:

To download a firmware file:

download [firmware <ipaddr> <path_filename 64> | configuration <ipaddr> <path_filename 64> {increment}]

configuration file from a TFTP server.

firmware − Download and install new firmware on the Switch from a TFTP server.

configuration − Download a switch configuration file from a TFTP server.

<ipaddr> − The IP address of the TFTP server.

<path_filename> − The DOS path and filename of the firmware or

switch configuration file on the TFTP server. For example, C:\3024.had.

increment − Allows the download of a partial switch configuration file. This allows a file to be downloaded that will change only the Switch parameters explicitly stated in the configuration file. All other switch parameters will remain unchanged.

Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#download firmware 10.48.74.121 c:\dgs-3024 b08.had

Command: download firmware 10.48.74.121 c:\dgs-3024 b08.had

Connecting to server................... Done.

Download firmware...........……… Done. Do not power off!

Please wait, programming flash…….. Done.

Saving current settings to NV-RAM……Done.

Please wait, the switch is rebooting….

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

Example usage:

To download a configuration file:

DGS-3024:4#download configuration 10.48.74.121 c:\cfg\setting.txt

Command: download configuration 10.48.74.121 c:\cfg\setting.txt

Connecting to server................... Done.

Download configuration............. Done.

DGS-3024:4#

upload

Purpose Used to upload the current switch settings or the Switch history log

to a TFTP server.

Syntax

Description This command is used to upload either the Switch’s current settings

Parameters

Restrictions The TFTP server must be on the same IP subnet as the Switch.

Example usage:

To upload a log file:

DGS-3024:4#upload log 10.48.74.121 c:\cfg\log.txt

Command: upload log 10.48.74.121 c:\cfg\log.txt

Connecting to server................... Done.

Upload configuration...................Done.

DGS-3024:4#

upload [configuration | log] <ipaddr> <path_filename 64>

or the Switch’s history log to a TFTP server.

configuration − Specifies that the Switch’s current settings will be uploaded to the TFTP server.

log − Specifies that the Switch history log will be uploaded to the TFTP server.

<ipaddr> − The IP address of the TFTP server. The TFTP server must be on the same IP subnet as the Switch.

<path_filename 64> − Specifies the location of the Switch configuration file on the TFTP server. This file will be replaced by the uploaded file from the Switch.

Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

Example usage:

To upload a configuration file:

DGS-3024:4#upload configuration 10.48.74.121 c:\cfg\setting.txt

Command: upload configuration 10.48.74.121 c:\cfg\setting.txt

Connecting to server................... Done.

Upload configuration...................Done.

DGS-3024:4#

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

NETWORK MONITORING COMMANDS

The network monitoring commands in the Command Line Interface (CLI) are listed (along with the appropriate parameters) in the following table.

Command Parameters

show packet ports <portlist>

show error ports <portlist>

show utilization

clear counters

clear log

show log {index <value>}

enable syslog

disable syslog

show syslog

create syslog host <index 1-4> ipaddress <ipaddr> {severity [informational | warning |

config syslog {host [all <index 1-4>]} {severity [informational | warning | all] |

facility [local0 | local1 | local2 | local3 | local4 | local5 | local6 | local7] | udp_port <udp_port_number> | ipaddress <ipaddr> | state [enable | disable]}

delete syslog host [<index 1-4> | all]

show syslog host {<index 1-4>}

Each command is listed, in detail, in the following sections.

show packet ports

Purpose Used to display statistics about the packets sent and received by the

Switch.

Syntax

Description This command is used to display statistics about packets sent and

show packet ports <portlist>

received by ports specified in the port list. The results are separated into three tables, labeled A, B, and C in the window above. Table A is relevant to the size of the packets, Table B is relevant to the type of packets and Table C is relevant to the type of frame associated with these packets.

Example usage:

To display the packets analysis for port 7:

Parameters

Restrictions None.

<portlist> − Specifies a port or range of ports to be displayed.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DGS-3024:4#show packet ports 7

Command: show packet ports 7

Port number : 7 A B

Frame Size Frame Counts Frames/sec Frame Type Total Total/sec

------------ ------------ ---------- ---------- ------- --------64 3275 10 RX Bytes 408973 1657 65-127 755 10 RX Frames 4395 19 128-255 316 1 256-511 145 0 TX Bytes 7918 178 512-1023 15 0 TX Frames 111 2 1024-1518 0 0

Unicast RX 152 1 Multicast RX 557 2 Broadcast RX 3686 16

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Example usage:

To display the errors of the port 3:

show error ports

Purpose Used to display the error statistics for a range of ports.

Syntax

Description This command will display all of the packet error statistics collected

Parameters

Restrictions None.

DGS-3024:4#show errors port 3

Command: show errors port 3

RX Frames TX Frames

--------------- ----------------

CRC Error 0 Excessive Deferral 0 Undersize 0 CRC Error 0 Oversize 0 Late Collision 0 Fragment 0 Excessive Collision 0 Jabber 0 Single Collision 0 Drop Pkts 0 Collision 0

show error ports <portlist>

and logged by the Switch for a given port list.

<portlist> − Specifies a port or range of ports to be displayed.

CTRL+C ESC q Quit SPACE n Next Page p Previous Page r Refresh

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

show utilization

Purpose Used to display real-time port utilization statistics.

Example usage:

To display the port utilization statistics:

Syntax

Description This command will display the real-time port utilization statistics for

Parameters None.

Restrictions None.

DGS-3024:4#show utilization

Command: show utilization

Port TX/sec RX/sec Util Port TX/sec RX/sec Util

---- ---------- ---------- ---- ---- ---------- ---------- ----

1 0 0 0 22 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 23 0 0 0

3 0 0 0 24 0 0 0

4 0 0 0

5 0 0 0

6 0 0 0

7 0 0 0

8 0 0 0

9 0 0 0

10 0 0 0

11 0 0 0

12 0 0 0

13 0 0 0

14 0 0 0

15 0 0 0

16 0 0 0

17 0 0 0

18 0 0 0

19 0 0 0

20 0 0 0

21 0 0 0

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show utilization

the Switch.

clear counters

Purpose Used to clear the Switch’s statistics counters.

Syntax

Description This command will clear the counters used by the Switch to compile

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

clear counters

statistics.

Example usage:

To clear the counters:

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DGS-3024:4#clear counters

Command: clear counters

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

clear log

Purpose Used to clear the Switch’s history log.

Example usage:

To clear the log information:

Syntax

Description This command will clear the Switch’s history log.

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#clear log

Command: clear log

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

clear log

show log

Purpose Used to display the Switch history log.

Example usage:

To display the Switch history log:

Syntax

Description This command will display the contents of the Switch’s history log.

Parameters

Restrictions None.

show log {index <value>}

index <value> − The show log command will display the history log until the log number reaches this value.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DGS-3024:4#show log

Index Time Log Text

----- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------

4 00000 days 03:03:58 Unit 1, Successful login through Console (Username: Anonymous)

3 00000 days 03:02:58 Unit 1, Logout through Console (Username: Anonymous)

2 00000 days 03:01:28 Unit 1, Successful login through Console (Username: Anonymous)

1 00000 days 03:00:01 Unit 1, Logout through Console (Username: Anonymous)

DGS-3024:4#

enable syslog

Purpose Used to enable the system log to be sent to a remote host.

Syntax

Description

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

Example usage:

To the syslog function on the Switch:

enable syslog

The enable syslog command enables the system log to be sent to a remote host.

DGS-3024:4#enable syslog

Command: enable syslog

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

disable syslog

Purpose Used to enable the system log to be sent to a remote host.

Example usage:

To disable the syslog function on the Switch:

Syntax

Description

disable syslog

The disable syslog command enables the system log to be sent to a remote host.

Parameters None.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

DGS-3024:4#disable syslog

Command: disable syslog

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

show syslog

Purpose Used to display the syslog protocol status as enabled or disabled.

Example usage:

To display the current status of the syslog function:

Syntax

Description

Parameters None.

Restrictions None.

DGS-3024:4#show syslog

Command: show syslog

Syslog Global State: Enabled

DGS-3024:4#

show syslog

The show syslog command displays the syslog status as enabled or disabled.

create syslog host

Purpose Used to create a new syslog host.

Syntax

Description

Parameters

create syslog host <index 1-4> ipaddress <ipaddr> {severity [informational | warning | all | facility [local0 | local1| local2 | local3 | local4 | local5 | local6 | local7] | udp_port <udp_port_number> state [enable | disable]

The create syslog host command is used to create a new syslog host.

all − Specifies that the command will be applied to all hosts.

<index 1-4> − Specifies that the command will be applied to an index

of hosts. There are four available indexes, numbered 1 through 4.

ipaddress <ipaddr> − Specifies the IP address of the remote host where syslog messages will be sent.

severity − Severity level indicator. These are described in the following:

Bold font indicates that the corresponding severity level is currently supported on the Switch.

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

create syslog host

Numerical Severity

Code

0 Emergency: system is unusable

1 Alert: action must be taken immediately

2 Critical: critical conditions

3 Error: error conditions

4 Warning: warning conditions

5 Notice: normal but significant condition

6 Informational: informational messages

7 Debug: debug-level messages

informational − Specifies that informational messages will be sent to the remote host. This corresponds to number 6 from the list above.

warning − Specifies that warning messages will be sent to the remote host. This corresponds to number 4 from the list above.

all − Specifies that all of the currently supported syslog messages that are generated by the Switch will be sent to the remote host.

facility − Some of the operating system daemons and processes have been assigned Facility values. Processes and daemons that have not been explicitly assigned a Facility may use any of the "local use" facilities or they may use the "user-level" Facility. Those Facilities that have been designated are shown in the following: Bold font indicates the facility values that the Switch currently supports.

Numerical Facility

Code

0 kernel messages

1 user-level messages

2 mail system

3 system daemons

4 security/authorization messages

5 messages generated internally by syslog

6 line printer subsystem

7 network news subsystem

8 UUCP subsystem

9 clock daemon

10 security/authorization messages

11 FTP daemon

12 NTP subsystem

13 log audit

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

create syslog host

14 log alert

15 clock daemon

16 local use 0 (local0)

17 local use 1 (local1)

18 local use 2 (local2)

19 local use 3 (local3)

20 local use 4 (local4)

21 local use 5 (local5)

22 local use 6 (local6)

23 local use 7 (local7)

local0 − Specifies that local use 0 messages will be sent to the remote host. This corresponds to number 16 from the list above.

local1 − Specifies that local use 1 messages will be sent to the remote host. This corresponds to number 17 from the list above.

local2 − Specifies that local use 2 messages will be sent to the remote host. This corresponds to number 18 from the list above.

Example usage:

To create syslog host:

local3 − Specifies that local use 3 messages will be sent to the remote host. This corresponds to number 19 from the list above.

local4 − Specifies that local use 4 messages will be sent to the remote host. This corresponds to number 20 from the list above.

local5 − Specifies that local use 5 messages will be sent to the remote host. This corresponds to number 21 from the list above.

local6 − Specifies that local use 6 messages will be sent to the remote host. This corresponds to number 22 from the list above.

local7 − Specifies that local use 7 messages will be sent to the remote host. This corresponds to number 23 from the list above.

udp_port <udp_port_number> − Specifies the UDP port number that the syslog protocol will use to send messages to the remote host.

state [enable | disable] − Allows the sending of syslog messages to the remote host, specified above, to be enabled and disabled.

Restrictions Only administrator-level users can issue this command.

DGS-3024:4#create syslog host 1 ipaddress 10.53.13.94 severity all facility local0

Command: create syslog host 1 ipaddress 10.53.13.94 severity all facility local0

Success.

DGS-3024:4#

DGS-3024 Layer 2 Switch CLI Reference Manual

config syslog host

Purpose Used to configure the syslog protocol to send system log data to a

remote host.

Syntax

Description

Parameters

config syslog host {host [all <index 1-4>]} {severity [informational | warning | all] | facility [local0 | local1 | local2 | local3 | local4 | local5 | local6 | local7] | udp_port <udp_port_number> | ipaddress <ipaddr> | state [enable | disable]}

The config syslog host command is used to configure the syslog protocol to send system log information to a remote host.

all − Specifies that the command will be applied to all hosts.

<index 1-4> − Specifies that the command will be applied to an index

of hosts. There are four available indexes, numbered 1 through 4.

severity − Severity level indicator. These are described in the following:

Bold font indicates that the corresponding severity level is currently supported on the Switch.

Numerical Severity

Code

0 Emergency: system is unusable

1 Alert: action must be taken immediately

2 Critical: critical conditions

3 Error: error conditions

4 Warning: warning conditions

5 Notice: normal but significant condition

6 Informational: informational messages

7 Debug: debug-level messages

informational − Specifies that informational messages will be sent to the remote host. This corresponds to number 6 from the list above.

warning − Specifies that warning messages will be sent to the remote host. This corresponds to number 4 from the list above.

all − Specifies that all of the currently supported syslog messages that are generated by the Switch will be sent to the remote host.

Numerical Facility

Code

0 kernel messages

1 user-level messages

2 mail system

3 system daemons