BendixKing KLN 900 User Manual

Abbreviated		KLN 900
Pilot’s Guide
		Global Positioning System

ORS 01, 02, and 04

B

KLN 900 GPS

Abbreviated

Operation Manual

ORS 01, 02, and 04

IMPORTANT: Special installation procedures must be followed in order for the KLN 900 to be certified for IFR use. Consult the KLN 900 Flight Manual Supplement for the operating limitations of this unit.

NOTE: Refer to section 2.8 of the KLN 900 Pilot‘s Guide (006-08796-0000) for Database update information.

PREVIEW OF OPERATION .................................................................		1
1.0 TURN ON ......................................................................................		3
2.0 BASIC OPERATION OF PANEL CONTROLS .............................		6
2.1	Page Selection ........................................................................	6
2.2	Entering Waypoint Identifiers ..................................................	8
2.3	The Duplicate Waypoint Page .................................................	9
3.0 INITIALIZATION AND TIME TO FIRST FIX ................................		10
4.0 DIRECT TO OPERATION ...........................................................		12
4.1	Direct To - Procedure A .........................................................	13
4.2	Direct To - Procedure B .........................................................	14
4.3	Direct To - Procedure C ........................................................	14
4.4	To Recenter The Deviation Bar .............................................	15
4.5	To Proceed Direct To Another Waypoint: ..............................	15
4.6	Cancelling Direct To Operation .............................................	15
5.0 THE NAVIGATION PAGES ........................................................		15
5.1	The Navigation 1 Page (NAV 1) ............................................	16
5.2	The Super NAV 1 Page .........................................................	16
5.3	The Navigation 2 Page (NAV 2) ............................................	17
5.4	The Navigation 3 Page (NAV 3) ............................................	17
5.5	The Navigation 4 Page (NAV 4) ............................................	17
5.6	The Navigation 5 Page (NAV 5) ............................................	17
5.7	The Super NAV 5 Page .........................................................	19
6.0 MESSAGE PAGE .........................................................................		21
7.0 SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE ALERT ............................................		22
8.0 VIEWING THE WAYPOINT PAGES ...........................................		24
8.1	Selecting The Desired Waypoint Page ...............................	24
8.2	The Airport 1 Page (APT 1) ................................................	25
8.3	The Airport 2 Page (APT 2) ................................................	26
8.4	The Airport 3 Page (APT 3) ................................................	26
8.5	The Airport 4 Page (APT 4) ................................................	27
8.6	The Airport 5 Page (APT 5) ................................................	29
8.7	The Airport 6 Page (APT 6) ................................................	29
8.8	The Airport 7 Page (APT 7) ................................................	30
8.9	The Airport 8 Page (APT 8) ................................................	30
8.10	The VOR Page ....................................................................	31
8.11	The NDB Page ....................................................................	31
8.12 The Intersection Page (INT) ................................................		31
8.13 The Supplemental Waypoint Page (SUP) ...........................		32
9.0 NEAREST AIRPORTS, VORS, AND NDBS ...............................		32
9.1	Viewing The Nearest Airports, VORs, And NDBs .................	32
9.2	Nearest Airports In An Emergency ........................................	33
9.3	Continuous Display Of Nearest Airport .................................	33
9.4	Selecting The Nearest Airport Criteria ...................................	34
10.0 CREATING USER WAYPOINTS ..............................................		35
10.1	Creating A Waypoint At The Present Position .....................	35

10.2		Creating A Waypoint As A Radial And Distance
		From Another Waypoint ......................................................	36
10.3		Creating A Waypoint By Entering A Latitude/
		Longitude Position ..............................................................	37
11.0	DELETING USER WAYPOINTS ...............................................		38
12.0	CREATING AND MODIFYING FLIGHT PLANS .......................		38
12.1		Creating A Flight Plan .........................................................	39
12.2		Activating A Numbered Flight Plan ......................................	40
12.3		Adding A Waypoint To A Flight Plan ...................................	41
12.4		Deleting A Waypoint From A Flight Plan .............................	41
12.5		Deleting Flight Plans ...........................................................	42
12.6		Storing FPL 0 As A Numbered Flight Plan ..........................	42
13.0	OPERATING FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN ...................		43
13.1		General Procedures ............................................................	43
13.2		Turn Anticipation And Waypoint Alerting .............................	44
13.3		Viewing The Waypoint Pages For The Active Flight Plan
		Waypoints ...........................................................................	44
13.4		Combining Direct To And Flight Plan Operation .................	45
13.5		The Distance/Time Pages ...................................................	46
13.6		The Distance/Time 1 Page (D/T 1) ......................................	46
13.7		The Distance/Time 2 Page (D/T 2) ......................................	47
13.8		The Distance/Time 3 Page (D/T 3) ......................................	47
13.9		The Distance/Time 4 Page (D/T 4) ......................................	47
14.0	ALTITUDE ALERTING ..............................................................		48
15.0	UPDATING THE DATABASE ...................................................		50
16.0	ITEMS NOT COVERED IN THIS MANUAL ..............................		52

PREVIEW OF OPERATION

This abbreviated operation manual describes many of the frequently used features of the KLN 900 in a condensed format for your convenience. It does not replace the KLN 900 Pilot’s Guide. The KLN 900 has many very useful features which are not described in this manual. Be sure to keep your KLN 900 Pilot’s Guide with you in the aircraft to use as a reference.

To give you an idea of how easy the KLN 900 is to operate, the following operational preview is presented. This operational preview assumes the KLN 900 has been properly installed, the unit was previously operational in the same general geographical location, and that no peripheral equipment interfaced with the KLN 900 (such as external HSIs, CDIs, autopilots, RMIs, fuel flow systems, moving map displays, etc.) is to be used at this time. If you are using this operational preview in flight, do so only in good VFR conditions and only with an alternate means of navigation available to cross-check position.

1.Push the power/brightness knob located in the upper right corner of the unit to the “in” position.

2.After a few seconds of warm up, the screen will show a Turn-On page with the words SELF TEST IN PROGRESS at the bottom of the page. Rotate the power/brightness knob to select the desired screen brightness. If the KLN 900 is being operated without an external configuration module, after a few seconds the Turn-On page will automatically be replaced with the Configuration Module page. Press the E Key to acknowledge. If the unit is being operated with an external configuration module, after a few seconds the Turn-On page will automatically be replaced with the Self Test page. (Note: If the KLN 900 is being used in the take-home mode, a Take-Home Warning page is displayed before the Self Test page and must be acknowledged by pressing E). The Self Test page is recognizable by the date and time being shown on the right side. The bottom left side of the Self Test page must display ANNUN ON to indicate that the KLN 900 has passed an internal self test.

In many KLN 900 installations the first two characters of the altimeter setting BARO field will be highlighted in inverse video (dark characters on a light background) on the right side of the screen. This area of inverse video is called the cursor. Use the right inner knob to select the correct first two characters of the altimeter setting. Next, turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to position the cursor over the third character of the altimeter setting. Use the right inner knob to select the correct number. Once again turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to

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position the cursor over the last character of the altimeter setting. Use the right inner knob to complete entering the correct altimeter setting.

Turn the right outer knob clockwise to position the cursor over the word APPROVE? if the cursor is not there already. Press E to approve the Self Test page. (Note: If the KLN 900 is installed for VFR only operation, a VFR only warning page is displayed after the self test page has been approved. This warning page must be acknowledged by pressing E.)

3.A database page is now displayed showing the date the database expires or the date it expired. Press E to acknowledge the information displayed on this page.

4.A page displaying the letters PRESENT POS at the top will now be on the left side of the screen. In a couple of minutes or less, this page will display the aircraft’s present position. It shows the position both in latitude/longitude and in terms of the radial and distance from a nearby VOR. Verify that the position is correct before proceeding.

5.Press the D button. A page with the words DIRECT TO is now displayed on the left. In step 6 you will enter the identifier of the destination airport. The identifier will have a “K” prefix for a Continental U.S. airport, a “C” prefix for a Canadian airport, or a “P” prefix for an Alaskan airport if the identifier is all letters. For example, LAX becomes KLAX. If the airport identifier contains any numbers, there is no prefix. For example, TX04 is entered as TX04. For other areas of the world the airport identifier entered should be identical to how it is charted.

6.Rotate the left inner knob until the first character of the airport identifier is displayed. Turn the left outer knob one step clockwise to move the flashing segment to the second character position. Rotate the left inner knob to select the second character of the identifier. Use this procedure to enter the complete airport identifier.

7.Press E. The right side will display a page showing the identifier, name, and position of the airport just entered. Confirm that the correct airport is displayed. Press E a second time to approve the airport data.

8.A Navigation page is now on the right side of the screen. It displays the distance, ETE, and bearing to the destination airport. In addition, it displays groundspeed, and a course deviation indicator. If the left inner knob is rotated one step counterclockwise, you will get an enlarged Navigation page occupying the entire screen.

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IMPORTANT: This abbreviated operation manual does not include any information on how to use the KLN 900 for flying approaches or SID/STAR procedures. Refer to the KLN 900 Pilot’s Guide and the aircraft flight manual supplement for instructions on these procedures.

1.0 TURN ON

•Push the Power/Brightness knob located in the upper right corner of unit to the “in” position. The unit is turned off by pulling this knob to the “out” position.

•After a few seconds of warm up, the screen will show a Turn-On page with the words SELF TEST IN PROGRESS at the bottom.

•Rotate the Power/Brightness knob to select the desired screen brightness.

•After a few moments the Turn-On page will automatically be replaced with the Self Test page. The Self Test page is recognizable because it shows the date and time on the right side. (Note: If the unit is in the takehome mode, a page stating that the unit is in the Take-Home mode will appear before the Self Test page. Press E to acknowledge the statement and bring up the Self Test page.)

•Verify that the information shown on the left side of the Self Test page is correct and that ANNUN ON is displayed in the bottom left corner. If TEST FAIL is displayed, the KLN 900 needs service and should not be used for navigation. If the KLN 900 is interfaced with the left/right and up/down deviation bar (D-Bar) of an HSI or CDI, the D-Bar should be half scale to the right and the vertical deviation bar should indicate halfscale deviation up. In some installations where the KLN 900 is interfaced with certain EFIS systems the D-bar will be about one third scale to the right. If interfaced to a compatible RMI, the RMI should be pointing to 130 degrees. If interfaced to a compatible DME indicator, the DME indi-

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cator should display 34.5 nm. If necessary, refer to the KLN 900 Pilot’s Guide for more information. The KLN 900 stores the correct time, date and last location of the aircraft in memory. If any of these parameters are not correct then the GPS receiver in the KLN 900 will automatically enter a mode in which it can determine this information. This usually will take less than 12 minutes, so the KLN 900 should be able to determine its position by the time you have taxied to the runway. However, if a quicker time to lock onto satellites is required it is possible to shorten this time by giving the KLN 900 the correct date and time. This is explained in the following two steps.

•If the date is incorrect, rotate the right outer knob counterclockwise until the cursor is over the entire date field. Rotate the right inner knob until the correct day of the month is displayed. Then, rotate the right outer knob one step clockwise to place the flashing part of the cursor over the month field (three dashes). Rotate the right inner knob to display the correct month. Rotate the right outer knob one step clockwise again and then use the right inner knob to select the first digit of the correct year (a 9 for 1999, for example). Next, rotate the right outer knob one more step clockwise and then use the right inner knob to select the second digit of the year. When the date is correct press E.

•If it is necessary to reset the time, use the right outer knob to position the cursor over the time zone field. Use the right inner knob to select the desired time zone. UTC (Coordinated Universal Time, which is also called “Zulu”) is always a good choice. Now, turn the right outer knob one step counterclockwise to position the cursor over the entire time field. Use the right inner knob to select the correct hour. Since 24 hour time is used be sure to add 12 if the time is after 1:00 P.M. (2:30 P.M. becomes 14:30). Next, turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to position the flashing part of the cursor over the first minutes position. Turn the right inner knob to select the correct value. Turn the right outer knob one more step clockwise to position the flashing part of the cursor over the second minutes position. The right inner knob is now used to finalize the time selection. When the correct time has been entered, press E to start the clock running.

•Turn the right outer knob clockwise to position the cursor over the first two digits of the altimeter baro set field if the cursor is not there already. The last KLN 900 baro setting entered is displayed.

NOTE: The KLN 900 will use an altitude input from an altitude encoder or air data computer. Since the altitude from these devices is usually pressure altitude, altimeter baro correction is required to ensure maximum

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accuracy. This altitude input is used for altitude related features of the KLN 900. Therefore, it is important to keep the altimeter baro setting updated on the Self Test page when power is first applied to the KLN 900 and on the Altitude page each time a new baro correction is made to the aircraft’s altimeter. The altimeter baro setting may be changed at a later time from inches to millibars (or vice versa) on the SET 7 page. The altimeter baro set field will not be a cursor field if the KLN 900 is interfaced to certain air data/altimeter systems which update the baro set field when the aircraft’s altimeter baro setting is updated.

To enter the correct baro setting, rotate the right inner knob to select the first two digits of the correct altimeter setting. Rotate the right outer knob one step clockwise to move the flashing cursor over the third position.

Use the right inner knob to select the correct number. Use the right outer and inner knobs to complete the baro setting. Now press E. With the correct altimeter setting entered, the altitude displayed on line 4 should be correct within 100 feet.

•Use the right outer knob to position the cursor over APPROVE (if the cursor is not there already) and press E to approve the Self Test page. (Note: If the KLN 900 is installed for VFR only operation, a VFR only warning page is displayed after the self test page has been approved. This warning page must be acknowledged by pressing E.)

•The screen will now display the Database page, which shows the date the database expires or the date on which it expired. Press E to acknowledge.

WARNING: The accuracy of the database information is assured only if it is used before the expiration date. Use of out-of-date database information is done entirely at the user’s own risk.

•The NAV 2 page (present position) will now be displayed on the left side of the screen and the waypoint page for the last active waypoint (before the KLN 900 was last turned off) will be displayed on the right side. If the last active waypoint was an airport, the APT 4 page (airport communications) will be displayed on the right side.

•When the KLN 900 is ready to navigate, the NAV 2 page will display the present position both in terms of latitude/longitude and in terms of the radial and distance from a nearby VOR.

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2.0 BASIC OPERATION OF PANEL CONTROLS

Top Left Segment
"Left Page"		ı
			GPS
			BRT PUSH
			ON
	CRSR		CRSR
Lower Left	D>	CLR	ENT
Segment	OBS	ALT	NRST
			PULL SCAN
	MSG		SAV

2.1 Page Selection

Top Right Segment

"Right Page"

Lower Right

Segment

Lower Middle

Segment

The screen is normally divided into five segments defined by vertical and horizontal lines on the screen. The large top left segment is called the left page and the large top right segment is called the right page. The small lower left segment displays the name of the left page being displayed while the small lower right segment displays the name of the right page being displayed. The lower middle segment displays the mode of operation (ex: ENR-LEG is Enroute-Leg mode which is the normal mode for enroute operations).

NOTE: When power is applied to the KLN 900 it always “wakes up” in the Enroute-Leg mode. Only the Enroute-Leg mode is described in this manual. In this mode the KLN 900 performs great circle navigation (the shortest distance between two points located on the earth’s surface). The course deviation output displayed on the unit’s internal course deviation indicator (CDI) and provided to an external HSI or CDI is five nautical miles left and right, full scale sensitivity. The OBS mode, approach modes, and the oceanic mode are described in the KLN 900 Pilot’s Guide.

The two concentric knobs and C button on the left are used to control the left page and the two concentric knobs and C button on the right are used to control the right page. The right inner knob has an “in” and an “out” position. It should be pushed to the “in” position for now.

The cursor is an area of inverse video (dark characters on a light background). Many pages allow you to add, delete, or change data on the screen by first pressing the appropriate C button (left C for left page and right C for right page) to turn the cursor function on and bring the cursor on the screen. The appropriate concentric knobs are then used to enter the data. When a cursor is on the screen, the page name normally

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shown in the lower left and right segments is replaced with a CRSR annunciation in inverse video. Not all pages allow you to enter data, and therefore pressing the C button while these pages are displayed will have no effect.

There are eight types of pages that may be displayed on the left side of the screen and ten types of pages that may be displayed on the right side. The abbreviations for these page types are displayed around the outside of the left and right outer knobs. The page types are different on the left and right sides with the exception of the NAV (Navigation) type, which appears on both sides. To select a page type, the cursor must not be displayed on the side of the screen where page selection is to be made. If the cursor is displayed, the appropriate C button must be pressed to turn the cursor function off. To select the NAV page type on the right side, turn the right outer knob until NAV is displayed in the lower right segment. The order in which the page types will be displayed is the same as the order they are positioned around the outer knob. Thus, if APT (Airport) is displayed in the lower right segment, turning the right outer knob one step counterclockwise or nine steps clockwise will display NAV.

Many types of pages, such as NAV, have more than one page. There are five NAV pages for example. Once the type of page has been selected using the outer knob, the inner knob is used to select the specific page. For example, if NAV 3 is displayed in the lower right segment then the NAV 3 page is being displayed in the upper right segment. To view the NAV 1 page turn the right inner knob two steps counterclockwise or three steps clockwise, and NAV 1 will be displayed. Some types of pages such as VOR only have one page. Turning the inner knob while it is in the “in” position, will have no effect on the VOR page type and other types of pages having only one page.

If all of the information to be displayed won’t fit on a specific page, a “+” sign is used to indicate that there is additional information of the same kind available for viewing. The inner knob is turned to see the additional information but the name and number of the page doesn’t change. For example, it is not uncommon to see APT+4. The APT 4 page always displays the communications frequencies for the selected airport. If all of the frequencies don’t fit on one page, there will be two or more APT 4 pages used to display all of the frequencies.

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The eight page types for the left side are the following:

Page Annunciation	Knob Annunciation	Page Name	Page Numbers
TRI	TRIP	Trip Planning	0	- 6
MODE	MODE	Mode	None
FPL	FPL	Flight Plan	0	- 25
NAV	NAV	Navigation	1	- 5
CAL	CALC	Calculator	1	- 7
STA	STAT	Status	1	- 4 *
SET	SETUP	Setup	0	- 9
OTH	OTHER	Other	0	- 4 **

* There are 5 STA pages on KLN 900’s with ORS 04 or greater

** Up to 10 pages with fuel management system and air data interfaces

The ten page types for the right side are the following:

Page Annunciation	Knob Annunciation Page Name Page Numbers
CTR	CTR	Center Wpt.	1 - 2
REF	REF	Reference Wpt.	None
ACT	ACTV	Active Wpt.	**
D/T	D/T	Distance/Time	1 - 4
NAV	NAV	Navigation	1 - 5
APT	APT	Airport Wpt.	1 - 8
VOR	VOR	VOR Wpt.	None
NDB	NDB	NDB Wpt.	None
INT	INT	Intersection Wpt.	None
SUP	SUPL	Supplemental Wpt.	None

** Varies with the type of waypoints in the active flight plan

2.2 Entering Waypoint Identifiers

Waypoints are stored in the KLN 900 database by their ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) identifiers. To use these waypoints it is only necessary to enter the ICAO identifier of the waypoint, thus saving the labor of entering a latitude and longitude.

One area of potential confusion is airport identifiers in the Continental United States, Alaska, and Canada. Many airports in these three areas use identifiers having four letters beginning with a prefix letter that corresponds to the geographic area in which it is located. The prefix letter of the Contiguous United States is “K”. Thus, the identifier for Los Angeles International airport is KLAX, not LAX, which is the identifier of Los Angeles VOR. Not all airport identifiers receive the prefix letter. Airport identifiers which are a combination of letters and numbers do not receive the prefix letter.

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NOTE: If you are entering an airport identifier that is all letters (no numbers), then it will begin with a “K” prefix in the Contiguous U.S., a “P” in Alaska, or a “C” in Canada. If there are numbers in the identifier, then a prefix is not used. For other areas of the world the airport identifier stored in the KLN 900 database is identical to how it is charted. Like all rules there are also exceptions to the guidelines given above. If the above rules do not work it is possible to scan through the database using a procedure described in section 3.7.4 of the KLN 900 Pilot’s Guide, “Selecting Waypoints By Name or City.”

The general procedure for entering a waypoint identifier is described below. You need not perform these steps now since they will be described again shortly.

•If the cursor is not positioned on the screen location where you desire to enter the waypoint identifier, press C (left C for left page or right C for right page) to turn on the cursor function.

•If required, rotate the outer knob (left outer knob for left page or right outer knob for right page) to position the cursor in the desired location.

•Rotate the appropriate inner knob to select the first character of the waypoint identifier.

•Turn the appropriate outer knob one step clockwise to move the cursor to the second character position.

•Rotate the inner knob to select the second character.

•Use the outer and inner knobs in this manner until the complete waypoint identifier is displayed. Note that you may not have to enter the last characters of the identifier because each time you enter a character, the KLN 900 offers you the first identifier in the database beginning with the characters you have entered.

•If the E is flashing in the lower middle segment of the display then press the E button.

2.3 The Duplicate Waypoint Page

There are some waypoints in the database whose identifiers are not unique. That is, more than one waypoint has the same identifier. When a waypoint identifier has been entered which is not unique to a single waypoint, a Duplicate Waypoint page appears on the left side. The Duplicate Waypoint page is used to select which of the waypoints having the same identifier is actually desired. The waypoint identifier is displayed on the top left of the page. To the right of the identifier is the number of

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waypoints in the database having the identifier. Below the identifier is a list of the waypoint types (APT, VOR, NDB, INT, SUP) and the associated countries which use the identifier. To see an example of a Duplicate Waypoint page perform the following steps:

•Press D.

•Turn the left inner knob to select the letter D as a waypoint identifier. “D” is the full identifier of several waypoints in the KLN 900 database.

•Press E. The Duplicate Waypoint page will be displayed on the left side . At the time of this writing, there were eleven waypoints in the database having the identifier “D”. As in this example, if there are more than four waypoints having the same identifier, only the first four are initially shown. The list includes an NDB in Canada, an NDB in Cuba, an NDB in the United States, and an NDB in Libya. The cursor will be over the first waypoint listed. They are listed with the waypoint closest to the aircraft’s present position displayed first and the waypoint farthest from the aircraft displayed last. To view the rest, rotate the left outer knob clockwise. Doing so will move the flashing cursor over waypoints two, three, and four and then will cause the waypoint list to “scroll” so that the other waypoints in the list may be seen. To select the desired waypoint, move the cursor over the appropriate choice.

•Press E to view the waypoint page for the selected waypoint.

•Press E to approve the waypoint page.

3.0 INITIALIZATION AND TIME TO FIRST FIX

Since the KLN 900 stores its position and other required parameters in memory when power to the unit is removed, it is seldom necessary to aid the unit in reaching a NAV ready condition. The time required from power on until the KLN 900 determines its present position and is therefore ready to navigate is called “time to first fix.” The time to first fix is normally a few minutes or less. In order for the KLN 900 to reach a NAV ready condition, it is necessary to meet the following conditions:

1.The KLN 900’s “almanac” data must be current. Almanac data is crude orbital information for all the satellites and is used for initial acquisition when the KLN 900 is first turned on. This data is stored in the KLN 900’s non-volatile memory and is considered current for up to six months. Each satellite sends almanac data for all satellites. Since the KLN 900 routinely updates the almanac data during normal operation, the

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almanac data will become out-of-date only if the KLN 900 hasn’t been used for the previous six months or longer. Collecting new almanac data takes place automatically if the data is more than six months old. If the almanac data is out-of-date and needs to be collected, the KLN 900 will take a few minutes to acquire your present position (usually about two minutes, but not more than 12 minutes). The Self Test and Database pages should be approved.

2.The aircraft must be located such that the GPS antenna has an unobstructed view of the sky so that required satellite signals are not being blocked. If necessary, position the aircraft away from hangars or other obstructions.

3.It is very helpful for the KLN 900 to have the correct time, date and position to be able to determine which satellites should be in view. This information is stored in the battery backed memory of the KLN 900 so it is not normally required to update it. If the KLN 900 has the correct time, date and position, then the time to first fix will usually be less than two (2) minutes. If this information is not correct, then the KLN 900 will start to look for any satellites. Eventually, the KLN 900 will find enough satellites to determine the position of the aircraft. This process can take as long as 12 minutes. It is possible for you to update this information manually which will allow the KLN 900 to reach a NAV ready status much faster. To set the time and date follow steps 6 and 7 in section 3.2, “Turn-On and Self-Test”, in the Pilot’s Guide. If it is necessary to update the position then use the following steps. Remember, if acquisition time is not important then it is not necessary to update the time, date or position.

a.Select the Setup 1 page (SET 1) by first turning the left outer knob to display a SET type page. Next, turn the left inner knob until the SET 1 page is selected.

b.Press the left C to bring the cursor on the page over the WPT field .

c.Use the left inner knob to enter the first character of the identifier for the airport where you are presently located or the identifier of a navaid or other airport which is close to you. Remember, if you are entering an airport identifier that is all letters (no numbers), then it will begin with a “K” prefix in the Contiguous U.S., a “P” in Alaska, or a “C” in Canada. If there are numbers in the identifier then a prefix is not used. Outside the Contiguous U.S., Alaska, and Canada, use the airport identifiers as they are charted.

d.Rotate the left outer knob one step clockwise to move the flashing portion of the cursor to the second position and then use the left inner knob to enter the second character of the identifier.

e.Complete entering the rest of the identifier using the left knobs in the same manner as in step d.

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f.Press E to view the waypoint page on the right side.

g.Press E again to confirm the waypoint page.

NOTE: As an alternative, you can also enter the approximate latitude and longitude of your present position directly on the SET 1 page instead of entering a waypoint identifier.

h.Use the left outer knob to position the cursor over CONFIRM?, if it is not there already.

i.Press E.

NOTE: The groundspeed (KT) and heading ( °) fields are not used for actual initialization in an aircraft. However, if the KLN 900 is in the takehome mode, entering a groundspeed will allow the KLN 900 to “fly” along the active flight plan (or to a direct-to waypoint) starting from the initialization waypoint. A heading may be entered in the initial heading field while in the take-home mode if the one offered is not desired. If the take-home mode is used, remember to re-initialize the KLN 900 to the aircraft’s location before re-installing it back in the aircraft.

j.Use the left knobs to select the NAV 2 page. When the KLN 900 reaches the NAV ready status and is therefore able to navigate, the NAV 2 page will display the present position. Verify that the latitude and longitude or the VOR, radial, and distance display of present position are correct.

4.0 DIRECT TO OPERATION

The D button is used to initiate Direct To operation (navigation from the aircraft’s present position direct to a selected waypoint). When D is pressed the Direct To page is displayed on the left side with a flashing cursor over a waypoint identifier. The waypoint identifier which appears on the Direct To page is chosen by the KLN 900 according to the following rules:

1.If the Flight Plan 0 page is displayed on the left side and the cursor is over one of the waypoint identifiers in Flight Plan 0 when D is pressed, then that waypoint identifier will appear on the Direct To page. You will appreciate this feature when you learn to use flight plans in section 13.0 “OPERATING FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN.”

2.If the scanning feature of the Super NAV 5 page is used (as described in section 5.7) then the waypoint displayed on the Direct To page will be the waypoint in the scan window when D was pressed.

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If neither of the previous two conditions are occurring, then:

3.If there is any waypoint page (APT 1-8 page, VOR page, NDB page, INT page, SUP page, or ACT page) in view on the right side when D is pressed, then the Direct To page will contain the identifier for the waypoint page being viewed on the right side.

If none of the previous three conditions are occurring, then:

4.When D is pressed, the waypoint identifier for the current active waypoint will be displayed.

5.If there is no Direct To waypoint and no waypoints in Flight Plan 0 when D is pressed, then the Direct To page will display blanks.

The application of rules 1 and 2 are described in section 13.4, “Combining Direct To And Flight Plan Operation.” With the other in mind, here are three procedures for initiating Direct To navigation.

4.1 Direct To - Procedure A

•Press D. The Direct To page is displayed on the left side. The cursor will already be on the left page. A waypoint identifier may or may not be displayed, it doesn’t matter at this point.

•Rotate the left inner knob to select the first character of the desired waypoint’s identifier. Remember to enter the “K”, “C”, or “P” prefix for certain airports, if required (see section 2.2, “Entering Waypoint Identifiers”).

•Turn the left outer knob one step clockwise to move the flashing portion of the cursor over the second character position.

•Rotate the left inner knob to select the second character of the identifier.

•Use the left outer and inner knobs as in the previous steps until the desired identifier is completely displayed.

•Press E to display the waypoint page on the right side for the selected waypoint. (If an incorrect identifier has been entered, you may immediately start using the left inner knob to re-enter the correct identifier.)

•Press E again to approve the displayed waypoint page. The right side will display the NAV 1 page and the left side will return to the page which was displayed prior to pressing D (unless the NAV 1 page was on the left side or the Super NAV 5 page was selected, in which case the pages will revert to the state they were in prior to the direct to operation). The selected waypoint is now the active Direct To waypoint.

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4.2 Direct To - Procedure B

•Select the desired waypoint type (APT, VOR, NDB, INT, or SUP) on the right page.

•Select the desired waypoint identifier using the following method:

a.Press the right C. The cursor will be over the first character in the waypoint identifier.

b.Rotate the right inner knob to select the first character of the desired identifier.

c.Turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to move the cursor to the second character and then use the right inner knob to select the second character.

d.Use the right outer and inner knobs as in the previous two steps to complete the identifier.

•Press D. The Direct To page is displayed on the left side and it contains the desired waypoint identifier.

•Press E to approve the waypoint page displayed on the right side. The right side will display the NAV 1 page, and the left side will return to the page which was displayed prior to pressing D (unless the NAV 1 page was on the left side in which case the pages will revert to the state they were in prior to the direct to operation). The selected waypoint is now the active Direct To waypoint.

4.3 Direct To - Procedure C

•Select the desired waypoint type (APT, VOR, NDB, INT, or SUP) on the right page.

•Select the desired waypoint identifier using the following method:

a.Pull the right inner knob to the “out” position. Make sure the right cursor function is turned off.

b.Rotate the right inner knob in either direction to scan through the waypoint identifiers in alphabetical order. The faster you rotate the knob, the larger the change. Numbers precede letters in the list.

c.When the desired identifier is found, press the right inner knob back to the “in” position.

•Press D. The Direct To page is displayed on the left side and it contains the desired waypoint identifier.

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