BendixKing KLN 90B User Manual

Pilot’s Guide		KLN 90B
		Bendix/King®
		TSO’d GPS Navigation System

ORS 20

A

AlliedSignal, Inc.

Commercial Avionics Systems

400 North Rogers Road

Olathe, Kansas 66062-1294

FAX [phone]

Telephone: [phone]

006-08773-0000 Rev.1 05/97

A

KLN 90B PILOT’S GUIDE

006-08773-0000

for KLN 90Bs with

OPERATIONAL REVISION STATUS (ORS) 20

IMPORTANT: Special installation procedures must be followed in order for the KLN 90B to be certified for IFR use.

Consult the KLN 90B Flight Manual Supplement for the operating limitations of this unit.

For Important

Database Update

Information

See Section 2.7

May, 1997

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................................	I
PREVIEW OF OPERATION ............................................................................................................................................	II
CHAPTER 1 - KLN 90B SYSTEM COMPONENTS....................................................................................................	1-1
CHAPTER 2 - DATA BASE .........................................................................................................................................	2-1
2.1 FUNCTIONS OF THE DATA BASE .................................................................................................................	2-1
2.2 DATA BASE COVERAGE AREAS AND CONTENTS ..................................................................................	2-1
2.3 USE OF ICAO IDENTIFIERS ...........................................................................................................................	2-3
2.4 UPDATING THE DATABASE ..........................................................................................................................	2-3
2.4.1 Computer Updating of the Database ..................................................................................................	2-4
2.4.2 Cartridge Exchange Updating of the Database ..................................................................................	2-7
2.5 USER DEFINED DATABASE ..........................................................................................................................	2-8
2.6 INTERNAL MEMORY BACKUP BATTERY ....................................................................................................	2-8
2.7 DATABASE UPDATE SERVICE OPTIONS.....................................................................................................	2-8
CHAPTER 3 - LEVEL 1 OPERATION.........................................................................................................................	3-1
3.1 COVERAGE AREA ..........................................................................................................................................	3-1
3.2 TURN-ON AND SELF TEST ............................................................................................................................	3-3
3.3 DISPLAY FORMAT ..........................................................................................................................................	3-9
3.4 BASIC OPERATION OF PANEL CONTROLS ..............................................................................................	3-11
3.4.1 Page Selection ..................................................................................................................................	3-12
3.4.2 Data Entry .........................................................................................................................................	3-14
3.4.3 Alternative Waypoint Data Entry Method .........................................................................................	3-15
3.4.4 The Duplicate Waypoint Page ..........................................................................................................	3-15
3.5 MESSAGE PAGE ...........................................................................................................................................	3-16
3.6 INITIALIZATION AND TIME TO FIRST FIX ..................................................................................................	3-17
3.7 SELECTING WAYPOINTS ............................................................................................................................	3-20
3.7.1 Selecting Waypoints By Identifier .....................................................................................................	3-20
3.7.2 Selecting Waypoints By Scanning ....................................................................................................	3-21
3.7.3 “Nearest” And “Complete” Waypoint Scan Lists ............................................................................	3-22
3.7.3.1 Nearest Airports In An Emergency ...............................................................................................	3-23
3.7.3.2 Continuous Display Of Nearest Airport .........................................................................................	3-24
3.7.4 Selecting Waypoint By Name Or City ...............................................................................................	3-24
3.8 DIRECT TO OPERATION ..............................................................................................................................	3-27
3.8.1 Direct To-Procedure 1 ......................................................................................................................	3-28
3.8.2 Direct To-Procedure 2 ......................................................................................................................	3-28
3.8.3 To Recenter The D-Bar ....................................................................................................................	3-29
3.8.4 To Proceed Direct To Another Waypoint .........................................................................................	3-29
3.8.5 Cancelling Direct To Operation ........................................................................................................	3-29
3.8.6 Waypoint Alerting For Direct To Operation ......................................................................................	3-29
3.9 THE NAVIGATION PAGES ...........................................................................................................................	3-31
3.9.1 The Navigation 1 Page (NAV 1) .......................................................................................................	3-31
3.9.2 The Super NAV 1 Page ...................................................................................................................	3-32
3.9.3 The Navigation 2 Page (NAV 2) .......................................................................................................	3-32
3.9.4 The Navigation 3 Page (NAV 3) .......................................................................................................	3-32
3.9.5 The Navigation 4 Page (NAV 4) .......................................................................................................	3-34
3.9.6 The Navigation 5 Page (NAV 5) .......................................................................................................	3-34
3.9.7 The Super NAV 5 Page ....................................................................................................................	3-36
3.10 SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE ALERT ..............................................................................................................	3-39

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3.11 VIEWING THE WAYPOINT PAGES ...........................................................................................................	3-42
3.11.1 Airport Pages ..................................................................................................................................	3-42
3.11.2 The Airport 1 Page (APT 1) ............................................................................................................	3-42
3.11.3 The Airport 2 Page (APT 2) ............................................................................................................	3-43
3.11.4 The Airport 3 Page (APT 3) ............................................................................................................	3-43
3.11.5 The Airport 4 Page (APT 4) ............................................................................................................	3-45
3.11.6 The Airport 5 Page (APT 5) ............................................................................................................	3-47
3.11.7 The Airport 6 Page (APT 6) ............................................................................................................	3-48
3.11.8 The Airport 7 Page (APT 7) ............................................................................................................	3-49
3.11.9 The Airport 8 Page (APT 8) ............................................................................................................	3-49
3.11.10 The VOR Page .............................................................................................................................	3-49
3.11.11 The NDB Page ..............................................................................................................................	3-50
3.11.12 The Intersection Page (INT) .........................................................................................................	3-50
3.11.13 The Supplemental Waypoint Page (SUP) ....................................................................................	3-51
3.12 FREQUENCIES FOR NEAREST FLIGHT SERVICE STATIONS ..............................................................	3-52
3.13 FREQUENCIES FOR AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTERS (ARTCC) .......................................	3-52
3.14 VIEWING AND SETTING THE DATE AND TIME .......................................................................................	3-53
3.15 ALTITUDE ALERTING .................................................................................................................................	3-55
3.16 HEIGHT ABOVE AIRPORT ALERT ............................................................................................................	3-58
3.17 REMOTE MOUNTED ANNUNCIATORS ....................................................................................................	3-59
3.18 SAMPLE TRIP ..............................................................................................................................................	3-60
3.18.1 Pre-Departure .................................................................................................................................	3-60
3.18.2 Enroute ...........................................................................................................................................	3-60
3.18.3 Terminal Area .................................................................................................................................	3-61
CHAPTER 4 - LEVEL 2 OPERATION.........................................................................................................................	4-1
4.1 CREATING AND MODIFYING FLIGHT PLANS .............................................................................................	4-1
4.1.1 Creating A Flight Plan .........................................................................................................................	4-2
4.1.2 Activating A Numbered Flight Plan .....................................................................................................	4-3
4.1.3 Adding A Waypoint To A Flight Plan ..................................................................................................	4-4
4.1.4 Deleting A Waypoint From A Flight Plan ............................................................................................	4-5
4.1.5 Deleting Flight Plans ...........................................................................................................................	4-5
4.1.6 Storing FPL 0 As A Numbered Flight Plan .........................................................................................	4-6
4.2 OPERATING FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN .........................................................................................	4-7
4.2.1 General Procedures ............................................................................................................................	4-7
4.2.2 Turn Anticipation And Waypoint Alerting ............................................................................................	4-8
4.2.3 Viewing The Waypoint Pages For The Active Flight Plan Waypoints .............................................	4-10
4.2.4 Combining Direct To And Flight Plan Operation ..............................................................................	4-10
4.2.5 The Distance/Time Pages ................................................................................................................	4-11
4.2.6 The Distance/Time 1 Page (D/T 1) ...................................................................................................	4-11
4.2.7 The Distance/Time 2 Page (D/T 2) ...................................................................................................	4-12
4.2.8 The Distance/Time 3 Page (D/T 3) ...................................................................................................	4-12
4.2.9 The Distance/Time 4 Page (D/T 4) ...................................................................................................	4-13
4.3 SAMPLE TRIP ................................................................................................................................................	4-15
4.3.1 Pre-Departure ...................................................................................................................................	4-16
4.3.2 Enroute ..............................................................................................................................................	4-16
CHAPTER 5 - LEVEL 3 OPERATION.........................................................................................................................	5-1
5.1 TRIP PLANNING ..............................................................................................................................................	5-1
5.1.1 The Trip Planning 0 Page (TRI 0) .......................................................................................................	5-2
5.1.2 The Trip Planning 1 And Trip Planning 2 Pages (TRI 1 and TRI 2) ..................................................	5-3
5.1.3 The Trip Planning 3 And Trip Planning 4 Pages (TRI 3 and TRI 4) ..................................................	5-5
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5.1.4 The Trip Planning 5 And Trip Planning 6 Pages (TRI 5 and TRI 6)	..................................................5-6
5.2 ADVISORY VNAV OPERATION .....................................................................................................................	5-7
5.2.1 VNAV For Direct To Operation ...........................................................................................................	5-7
5.2.2 VNAV For Flight Plan Operation .........................................................................................................	5-9
5.2.3 VNAV From the Super NAV 5 Page ...................................................................................................	5-9
5.3 CALCULATOR PAGES ..................................................................................................................................	5-10
5.3.1 The Calculator 1 Page (CAL 1) ........................................................................................................	5-10
5.3.2 The Calculator 2 Page (CAL 2) ........................................................................................................	5-11
5.3.3 The Calculator 3 Page (CAL 3) ........................................................................................................	5-12
5.3.4 The Calculator 4 Page (CAL 4) ........................................................................................................	5-12
5.3.5 The Calculator 5 Page (CAL 5) ........................................................................................................	5-13
5.3.6 The Calculator 6 Page (CAL 6) ........................................................................................................	5-14
5.3.7 The Calculator 7 Page (CAL 7) ........................................................................................................	5-15
5.4 USER-DEFINED WAYPOINTS .....................................................................................................................	5-16
5.4.1 Creating An Airport User Waypoint ..................................................................................................	5-16
5.4.2 Creating A VOR User Waypoint .......................................................................................................	5-18
5.4.3 Creating An NDB User Waypoint .....................................................................................................	5-18
5.4.4 Creating Intersection Or Supplemental User Waypoints .................................................................	5-18
5.4.5 Deleting User-Defined Waypoints ....................................................................................................	5-20
5.5 REFERENCE WAYPOINTS ..........................................................................................................................	5-21
5.6 CENTER WAYPOINTS ..................................................................................................................................	5-25
5.6.1 Creating Center Waypoints And Inserting Them in Flight Plans ......................................................	5-25
5.6.2 Viewing the Center Waypoints After Insertion Into A Flight Plan .....................................................	5-26
5.6.3 Creating Center Waypoints After Modifying A Flight Plan ...............................................................	5-27
5.7 PROGRAMMING THE TURN-ON PAGE ......................................................................................................	5-28
5.8 THE STATUS PAGES ...................................................................................................................................	5-29
5.8.1 Determining The Status Of The GPS Signals ..................................................................................	5-29
5.8.2 Determining KLN 90B Software Status And Operational Time ......................................................	5-31
5.9 MODES OF OPERATION ..............................................................................................................................	5-32
5.9.1 Selecting The Leg Mode Or The OBS Mode ...................................................................................	5-32
5.9.2 The Leg Mode ...................................................................................................................................	5-33
5.9.3 The OBS Mode .................................................................................................................................	5-34
5.9.4 Switching From The Leg Mode To The OBS Mode .........................................................................	5-36
5.9.5 Switching From The OBS Mode To The Leg Mode .........................................................................	5-36
5.9.6 Going Direct-To A Waypoint While in the OBS Mode ......................................................................	5-37
5.9.7 Activating A Waypoint While In The OBS Mode ..............................................................................	5-37
5.9.8 Changing the CDI Scale Factor ........................................................................................................	5-37
5.10 THE FUEL MANAGEMENT PAGES ...........................................................................................................	5-39
5.10.1 The Other 5 Page (OTH 5) .............................................................................................................	5-39
5.10.2 The Other 6 Page (OTH 6) .............................................................................................................	5-41
5.10.3 The Other 7 Page (OTH 7) .............................................................................................................	5-41
5.10.4 The Other 8 Page (OTH 8) ............................................................................................................	5-41
5.11 THE AIR DATA PAGES ..............................................................................................................................	5-42
5.11.1 The Other 9 Page (OTH 9) .............................................................................................................	5-43
5.11.2 The Other 10 Page (OTH 10) .........................................................................................................	5-43
5.12 OPERATION OUTSIDE THE PRIMARY COVERAGE AREA ....................................................................	5-44
5.13 OPERATION WITHOUT A DATA BASE CARTRIDGE ..............................................................................	5-44
5.14 USING THE TAKE-HOME MODE ...............................................................................................................	5-46

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CHAPTER 6 - LEVEL 4 OPERATION.........................................................................................................................	6-1
6.1 NON-PRECISION APPROACH OPERATIONS ..............................................................................................	6-1
6.1.1 Selecting An Approach .......................................................................................................................	6-4
6.1.2 Interpreting What You See .................................................................................................................	6-5
6.1.3 Changing or Deleting An Approach Once Loaded Into The Flight Plan ............................................	6-7
6.1.4 Example Approach: No Procedure Turn ............................................................................................	6-8
6.1.5 Example Approach: Off-Airport Navaid ............................................................................................	6-10
6.1.6 Example Approach: Radar Vectors ..................................................................................................	6-12
6.1.7 Example Approach: On-Airport Navaid ............................................................................................	6-14
6.1.8 Example Approach: DME Arc ...........................................................................................................	6-16
6.1.9 Approach Problems ..........................................................................................................................	6-19
6.2 SID/STAR PROCEDURES ............................................................................................................................	6-21
6.2.1 Selecting A SID .................................................................................................................................	6-21
6.2.2 Selecting A STAR .............................................................................................................................	6-22
6.2.3 Editing a SID or STAR ......................................................................................................................	6-23
6.2.4 Example of a SID Procedure ............................................................................................................	6-25
6.2.5 Example of a STAR Procedure ........................................................................................................	6-26
APPENDIX A - NAVIGATIONAL TERMS...................................................................................................................	A-1
APPENDIX B - MESSAGE PAGE MESSAGES.........................................................................................................	B-1
APPENDIX C - STATUS LINE MESSAGES .............................................................................................................	C-1
APPENDIX D - ABBREVIATIONS..............................................................................................................................	D-1
APPENDIX E - SECONDS TO DECIMAL MINUTES ................................................................................................	E-1

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INTRODUCTION

The KLN 90B is an extremely sophisticated navigational device, capable of providing highly accurate navigation over most parts of the world. You will be amazed at all of the navigational and other aeronautical functions that the unit can perform. However, you don’t need to master all of the KLN 90B’s capabilities at once. In just a short time you will be confidently using it to make your flying duties easier and more enjoyable. You will learn new features as you have a need or desire to learn them and soon will establish the best way of using the KLN 90B to meet your particular flying requirements.

Don’t let the size of this Pilot’s Guide intimidate you! It is written in plain, simple English instead of “computereeze” and it assumes you are not an experienced user of GPS or other types of long range navigation equipment. If you are experienced, so much the better. This Pilot’s Guide also includes hundreds of sample screen figures and other illustrations to make your learning easier. It is designed so that you can start at the front and progress in the order presented; however, you may want to skip around and learn things in your own order. There are several appendices in the back that you may find useful from time to time.

As you become proficient with using the KLN 90B, don’t be tempted to rely on it as the sole means of navigation. A good pilot never relies on just one source of navigation for either VFR or IFR flying. Cross check your position using VOR, DME, ADF, or other navigational devices you may have in the cockpit - including your eyes!

Be sure and keep a copy of this Pilot’s Guide in the aircraft to use as a reference. You never know when you may have a question you’ll want to look up.

One last thing. Don’t get so involved in learning to use the KLN 90B that you forget to fly the aircraft. Be careful, and remember to keep a close eye out for other aircraft.

NOTE: A white border is used around data on some of the figures in this Pilot’s Guide to indicate that the data inside the border is flashing. An example of this is figure 3-5 where the white border around the characters ACKNOWLEDGE? and ENT is used to indicate that both are flashing.

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PREVIEW OF OPERATION

No doubt you are going to read this entire manual just as soon as you possibly can. But just to get an idea of how easy the KLN 90B is to operate, the following operational preview is presented. This operational preview assumes the KLN 90B has been properly installed, the unit was previously operational in the same general geographical location, and that no peripheral equipment interfaced with the KLN 90B (such as external HSIs, CDIs, autopilots, RMIs, fuel flow systems, moving map display, etc.) is to be used at this time. If you are using this operational preview in flight, do so only in good VFR conditions and only with an alternate means of navigation available to cross-check position.

1.Push the power/brightness knob located in the upper right corner of the unit to the “in” position.

2.After a few seconds of warm up, the screen will show a Turn-On page with the words SELF TEST IN PROGRESS at the bottom of the page. Rotate the power/brightness knob to select the desired screen brightness. After a few seconds the TurnOn page will automatically be replaced with the Self Test page. (Note: If the KLN 90B is being used in the take-home mode, a Take-Home Warning page is displayed before the Self Test page and must be acknowledged by pressing E.) The Self Test page is recognizable because it shows the date and time on the right side. If the date and time are incorrect by more than 10 minutes, refer to section 3.2 of this manual. The bottom left side of the Self Test page must display ANNUN ON to indicate that the KLN 90B has passed an internal self test.

In most KLN 90B installations the first two characters of the altimeter setting BARO field will be highlighted in inverse video (dark characters on a light background) on the right side of the screen. This area of inverse video is called the cursor. Use the right inner knob to select the correct first two characters of the altimeter setting. Next, turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to position the cursor over the third character of the altimeter setting. Use the right inner knob to select the correct number. Once again turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to position the cursor over the last character of the altimeter setting. Use the right inner knob to complete entering the correct altimeter setting.

Turn the right outer knob clockwise to position the cursor over the word APPROVE? if the cursor is not there already. Press E to approve the Self

Test page. (Note: If the KLN 90B is installed for VFR only operation, a VFR only warning page is diplayed after the self test page has been approved. This warning page must be acknowledged by pressing E .)

3.A Database page is now displayed showing the date the data base expires or the date it expired. Press E to acknowledge the information displayed on this page.

4.A page displaying the letters PRESENT POS at the top will now be on the left side of the screen. In a couple minutes or less, this page will display the aircraft’s present position. It shows the position both in latitude/longitude and in terms of the radial and distance from a nearby VOR. Verify that the position is correct before proceeding.

5.Press the D button. A page with the words DIRECT TO is now displayed on the left.

In step 6 you will enter the ICAO identifier of the destination airport. The identifier will have a “K” prefix for a Continental U.S. airport, a “C” prefix for a Canadian airport, or a “P” prefix (in many cases) for an Alaskan airport if the identifier is all letters. For example, LAX becomes KLAX. For these countries if the identifier contains any numbers, there is no prefix. For example, TX04 is entered TX04. For other areas of the world the airport identifier entered should be identical to how it is charted.

6.Rotate the left inner knob until the first character of the airport identifier is displayed. Turn the left outer knob one step clockwise to move the flashing segment to the second character position.

Rotate the left inner knob to select the second character of the identifier. Use this procedure to enter the complete airport identifier.

7.Press E. The right side will display a page showing the identifier, name and position of the airport just entered. Confirm that the correct airport is displayed. Press E a second time to approve the airport data.

8.A Navigation page is now on the right side of the screen. It displays the distance, ETE, and bearing to the destination airport. In addition, it displays groundspeed and a course deviation indicator. If the left inner knob is rotated one step counterclockwise, you will get an enlarged Navigation page occupying the entire screen.

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CHAPTER 1 - KLN 90B SYSTEM COMPONENTS

A basic KLN 90B system consists of a panel mounted KLN 90B GPS sensor/navigation computer, a data base cartridge, and an antenna. An altitude input is required to obtain full navigation and operational capabilities. Additional system components may be added or interfaced to the KLN 90B which increase its features and

capabilities. Some of these optional components include an external course deviation indicator (CDI) or HSI, RMI, fuel management system, air data system, ARTEX ELS10 emergency locator transmitter (ELT), autopilot, and external annunciators.

KLN 90B SYSTEM

REQUIRED FOR ALL INSTALLATIONS

REQUIRED FOR ALL IFR APPROACH INSTALLATIONS

OPTIONAL

	AIRCRAFT	11/33V	LEFT/RIGHT BAR-D
	POWER
KA 92 OR KA 91 ANTENNA

ı

GPS

KLN 90B TSO

$=KOSH |=KOSH

BRT

PUSH

ON

+++++Ê+++++|WITTMAN

DIS

683nm|

CRSR

GS

193kt|

CRSR

GRAY CODE

ETE

3:34|N 43^59.06'

NAV

APT

BRG

303^|W 88^33.42'

NAV

CALC

NAV 1|enr-leg

|APT 1

D/T

PULL

VOR

RS 232

FPL

STAT

ACTV

SCAN

NDB

MODE

SETUP

D

REF

INT

ALTITUDE

INPUT

TRIP

OTHER

MSG

ALT

CLR

ENT

CTR

SUPL

INPUT232RS

or429ARINC

INPUT232RS

MOVING RS232

OUTPUT

COMPATIBLE

or429ARINC

ARTEX

FUEL

MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM

HEADING

MAP

ELS-10

DISPLAYS

ELT

AIR DATA

SELECTED COURSE

HSI	OR	EHSI	OR	CDI
		ı
				N
	AZ 359	12.6 NM	33	3

	NAV	N	HDG
	33		3			N		11.5	30	N	TO	6
GS			6	GS	33	3				V
	30									GS
				M	30		6		W			E
			E
	W			L	W		E	S
				S
								G
			12	1					24		FR	12
	24				24		12
	21	S	15		21				OBS	21	15
						15
						S				S
							ADF 2			ı
		ı

KI 525A						EHI 40/50				KI 206
AUTOPILOT
YD	ALT	HDG		GS NAV APR	BC TRIM AP
DN
KAP 150
UP					TEST	AP
	ALT	HDG		NAV APR	BC	ENG
RN	RC			PC
ı
	RMI
	30	33		OR				N
							33		3
24				3			30		6
				6		A	W		E	A
21						D	24		12	D
						F				F
			12				21	S	15
		15
							NAV		NAV
		ı					B
KI 229							KNI 582
WPT ALERT				REMOTE ANNUNCIATORS
MESSAGE
GPS APR				GPS CRS			REMOTE SWITCH/
							ANNUNCIATORS

ALTITUDE ALERT AUDIO

The KLN 90B panel mounted unit contains the GPS sensor, the navigation computer, a CRT display, and all controls required to operate the unit. It also houses the data base cartridge which plugs directly into the back of the unit.

The database cartridge is an electronic memory containing a vast amount of information on airports, navaids, intersections, special use airspace, and other items of value to the pilot. The database is designed to be easily updated by the user by using a laptop computer and AlliedSignal furnished 3.5 inch diskettes. The database may also be updated by removing the obsolete cartridge and replacing it with a current one.

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KA 91 GPS Antenna

KA 92 GPS Antenna

Two GPS antennas can be used with the KLN 90B. One is the KA91 and the other is the KA 92. The KA 92 is used with new production KLN 90Bs and the KA 91 is used with units that have been upgraded from either a KLN 90 or a KLN 90A. They are “patch” antennas designed to always be mounted on the top of the aircraft.

The KLN 90B has analog outputs to drive the left-right deviation bar of most mechanical CDIs and HSIs. In addition, it has digital outputs to automatically drive the course pointer and display flight plan waypoints on the Bendix/King EHI 40 and EHI 50 electronic HSIs.

The Bendix/King KI 229 and KNI 582 RMIs may be interfaced to the KLN 90B to provide a display of magnetic bearing to the waypoint.

The NAV mode of the Bendix/King KFC 150, KAP 150, KAP 150H, KAP 100, KFC 200, KAP 200, KFC 250, KFC 275, KFC 300, KFC 325, KFC 400 and KFC 500 Flight Control Systems may be coupled to the KLN 90B. Many other autopilots may also be coupled to the KLN 90B. Actual autopilot performance and capability when coupled to the KLN 90B may vary significantly from one autopilot model to another.

Certain Digiflo™ and Miniflo™ fuel management systems manufactured by Shadin Co. Inc. as well as certain fuel computers manufactured by ARNAV Systems, Inc. and SHELTECH LTD interface with the KLN 90B. These interfaces allow the pilot to view fuel related parameters calculated by the KLN 90B such as how much fuel will be remaining when the aircraft lands at the destination. With certain Shadin fuel management systems it is possible to update the fuel on board through the KLN 90B. In these cases a separate panel mounted interface to the fuel management computer is not required.

Compatible air data systems are available from Bendix/King and Shadin Co. An air data system is capable of providing the KLN 90B with true air speed data which is used for wind determination. The Shadin air data system also will convert heading data from the Bendix/King KCS 55A and some other compass systems to a format that allows wind calculations to be fully automatic.

Altitude may be provided to the KLN 90B from an encoding altimeter, blind encoder, or one of the air data computers mentioned above. Altitude is used as an aid in position determination when not enough satellites are in view. Altitude is also used in several altitude related features such as three dimensional special use airspace alerting, height above airport, and altitude alerting.

Some installations may require remote annunciators to be mounted in the aircraft panel in order to indicate the status of certain KLN 90B functions. Specifically, the KLN 90B has outputs to provide annunciation for waypoint alert and message.

In installations where the KLN 90B will be used for approaches, the installations are more complicated. External switches and annunciators are required to change approach modes as well as how the KLN 90B defines the course to the active waypoint. Selected course is generally required to be provided to the KLN 90B through an HSI, CDI or EFIS.

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CHAPTER 2 - DATABASE

One reason the KLN 90B is such a powerful navigation system is because of its extensive database. A database is an area of electronic memory used to store a large catalog of navigational and aeronautical information.

2.1 FUNCTIONS OF THE DATABASE

The database provides two primary functions. First, it makes pilot interface with the GPS sensor much easier. Rather than having to manually look up and then enter the latitude and longitude for a specific waypoint, it allows you to merely enter a simple waypoint identifier. The database automatically looks up and displays the latitude and longitude associated with the identifier. It’s obvious that the database saves a lot of tedious latitude/longitude entry and also greatly reduces the potential for data input mistakes.

The second function of the database is that it serves as a very convenient means to store and easily access a vast amount of aeronautical information. Want to know the tower frequency or the length of the runways at a specific airport? No need to look them up in a book - just turn a couple knobs and display the information right on the KLN 90B.

2.2DATABASE COVERAGE AREAS AND CONTENTS

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC) break the world into the ten geographic regions shown in figure 2-1. The databases for the KLN 90B have a primary and a secondary coverage area. The primary coverage areas are indicated in figure 2-1 and contain more detailed information. The secondary area contains less detailed information for the rest of the world.

Specifically, all databases contain complete information for all worldwide VORs, NDBs, and minimum safe altitudes (MSAs). For its primary area, the database contains public use and military airports which have any runway at least 1000 feet in length. For its secondary area, the database also contains airports having a hard surface runway at least 3000 feet in length. Airport communication frequencies and runway information are provided

75°										75°
60°			EUROPE			EAST EUR				60°
	CANADA
45°	USA									45°
30°										30°
15°	PACIFIC						MID EAST		PACIFIC	15°
	LATIN AM
0°										0°
15°				AFRICA						15°
		SOUTH AM
30°										30°
45°	SOUTH PAC								SOUTH PAC	45°
60°										60°
	165°150° 135° 120°105° 90°	75° 60° 45°	30° 15°	0°	15°	30°	45° 60°	75°	90° 105° 120°135° 150° 165°180°

		Americas Database primary area		International Database primary area
		Figure 2-1. KLN 90B Database Geographical Regions
			2-1		Rev 1

only for airports in the primary area of the database. Intersections, air route traffic control center data, flight service station frequencies, and special use airspace are also provided only for the primary area.

The following is a list of the KLN 90B database contents:

*AIRPORTS

•Identifier

•Name

•City, State or Country

•Type (public or military)

•Latitude and Longitude

•Elevation

•Approach indicator for precision, non-precision or no instrument approach at airport

•Radar approach/departure environment indicator

•Whether airport underlies CL B, TRSA, CL C, CTA, or TMA

•Time relative to UTC (Zulu)

•Communication frequencies (VHF and HF):

ATIS

Clearance delivery Tower

Ground control Unicom Multicom Approach (IFR) Departure (IFR)

Class B, Class C, TRSA, CTA, TMA (VFR) Center (when used for approach)

Arrival

Radar

Director

Radio

AWOS (automatic weather observing station) AAS (aeronautical advisory service)

ATF (Aerodrome traffic frequency)

CTAF (common traffic advisory frequency) MF (mandatory frequency)

Ramp control

PCL (pilot-controlled lights)

•Runway data (designation, length, surface, lighting, traffic pattern direction)

•Airport Services (fuel, oxygen, customs, indicator for presence of a landing fee)

•Airport Comments (user may manually enter remarks of up to 33 characters at any 100 airports in database)

VORs

•Identifier

•Name

•Frequency

•DME indicator

•Class (high altitude, low altitude, terminal, undefined)

•Latitude and Longitude

•Magnetic variation

NDBs

•Identifier

•Name

•Frequency

•Latitude and Longitude

(Note - Outer Compass Locators are stored as

Intersections)

*INTERSECTIONS (low altitude, high altitude, SID/STAR, approach, and outer markers)

•Identifier

•Latitude and Longitude

*SID/STAR/Approach Procedures

•All compatible pilot-nav SID/STAR procedures

•Non-precision approaches (except localizer, LDA (Localizer Directional Aid), SDF (Simplified Directional Facility)) approved for overlay use. Includes all public GPS only approaches.

MISCELLANEOUS

•*Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCCs and FIRs) boundaries and frequencies (VHF and HF)

•*Flight Service Stations (Location of points of communication and associated frequencies - VHF and HF)

•Minimum Safe Altitudes

•*Special Use Airspace boundaries (Prohibited, Restricted, Warning, Alert, MOA, Class B, TRSA, Class C, CTA, TMA)

250 USER DEFINED WAYPOINTS

•Identifier

•Latitude and Longitude

•Additional data depending on how user defines waypoint:

User airports (elevation and surface of longest runway)

User VOR (frequency and magnetic variation) User NDB (frequency)

And you think your telephone directory has a lot of information!

* Items indicated with asterisk are included in the primary database coverage area, but not in secondary coverage area. The exception is that airports in primary coverage area include those public and military bases having a runway at least 1000 feet in length. Airports in secondary coverage area are those having a hard surface runway at least 3000 feet in length.

2-2

Rev 1

2.3 USE OF ICAO IDENTIFIERS

Waypoints are stored in the KLN 90B database almost exclusively by their ICAO identifiers. ICAO is an internationally accepted reference for the data. In almost all cases the proper ICAO identifiers may be taken directly from Jeppesen Sanderson or government aeronautical charts. For example, Dallas and Los Angeles VORs have the familiar ICAO identifiers DFW and LAX, respectively.

Please note that one area of potential confusion is airport identifiers in the Continental United States, Alaska, and Canada. Many airport identifiers in the database have four letters beginning with a prefix letter that corresponds to the geographic area in which it is located. The prefix letter for the Continental United States is “K”. Thus, the identifier for Dallas/Fort Worth International airport is KDFW, not DFW. This distinguishes the airport identifier from the VOR identifier. Likewise, the identifier for Los Angeles International airport is KLAX while the VOR identifier is LAX. The prefix letter for Alaska is “P” and for Canada is “C”.

NOTE: There are several exceptions in Alaska. In many cases, airports with three letter identifiers receive the prefix “P”, but there are many that don’t. The most reliable method of determining an Alaska airport identifier is to look it up from the airport name or city. See section 3.7.4, “Selecting Waypoints by Name or CIty”.

Not all airport identifiers receive the prefix letter. Airport identifiers which are combinations of letters and numbers do not receive the prefix letter. Examples of airport identifiers not using the prefix are 3C2, 7TX6, and M33.

So remember, if you are entering or looking for an airport identifier that is all letters (no numbers) then it will begin with a “K” prefix in the Continental U.S., a “P” in Alaska, or a “C” in Canada. If there are numbers in the identifier then a prefix is not used. For other areas of the world the airport identifier stored in the KLN 90B database is identical to how it is charted.

2.4 UPDATING THE DATABASE

The information stored in the database would eventually become obsolete if there wasn’t some means to update it. For example, navaids can move or change frequency, new runways can be added to an airport, communication frequencies can change, and on and on.

The database is housed in a cartridge which plugs directly into the back of the KLN 90B. It is designed so that there are two ways for the user to easily keep the database current. The first is to electronically update the database by means of 3.5” diskettes supplied by AlliedSignal and a laptop computer. This method does not involve removing the KLN 90B from the aircraft’s instrument panel. A jack, usually mounted in the aircraft’s instrument panel, provides a means of interfacing the KLN 90B with the computer via an interface cable. The diskettes are not returned to AlliedSignal.

The second method of database update is to remove the old cartridge and insert a current cartridge. This method involves returning the old cartridge to AlliedSignal.

Every 28 days, AlliedSignal receives new NavData™ information from Jeppesen Sanderson. This information is processed and downloaded onto both diskettes and database cartridges. AlliedSignal makes these two types of update services available to you in a choice of several subscription or random update programs. See section 2.7 of this manual for details on these programs.

Regardless of whether the computer method or the cartridge exchange method of database updating is used, AlliedSignal sends the update so that it arrives prior to the next effective date. The new update may be installed any time prior to the effective date and the KLN 90B will use the previous data up to the effective date and automatically begin using the new data on the effective date.

In order to get maximum utilization from the KLN 90B, AlliedSignal highly encourages you to update the database on a frequent basis, if not every 28 days. It is also a matter of safety to not fly with out of date information.

WARNING: The accuracy of the database information is only assured if it is used before the end of the effectivity period. Use of out of date database information is done entirely at the user’s own risk.

2-3

Rev 1

2.4.1 Computer Updating Of The Database

Update information is sent to you on several 3.5” disks. In order to use this update method you must have access to an IBM compatible computer having a disk drive capable of using and booting (loading) from 3.5” 1.44 megabyte high density disks. This computer also needs to have an available COM 1 or COM 2 serial port. In addition, an optional PC Interface kit must be used. Included in the kit are a data loader jack (wired to the KLN 90B and usually installed in the aircraft’s instrument panel) and an interface cable that plugs into both the computer and into the data loader jack.

CAUTION: The database must be updated only while the aircraft is on the ground. The KLN 90B does not perform any navigation functions while the database is being updated. Since a database update takes approximately 10 minutes it is a good idea to turn off all electrical equipment on the aircraft except for the KLN 90B to avoid running down the aircraft battery.

NOTE: The disks sent to you can only be used to update one KLN 90B, although they can update this specific unit numerous times. The first time the disks are used in an update operation, a unique identification code from the KLN 90B being used is uploaded to the disks. These disks may be used in this specific KLN 90B an unlimited number of times which could be required if you switch back and forth between the North American and International data bases during one update cycle. These disks may not, however, be used to update other KLN 90Bs. This update protection ensures that Jeppesen Sanderson is properly compensated for the use of their NavData™ .

Follow these steps to update the KLN 90B:

1.Plug the 9 pin female connector end of the interface cable into a COM serial port of the computer. If the computer has COM 1 and COM 2 serial ports, either may be used. Some computers use a 9 pin COM serial port connector while other computers use a 25 pin connector. If the computer being used has a 9 pin connector, the interface cable connector will plug directly into the computer’s

9pin connector. If the computer’s COM serial port uses a

25pin connector, use the 25 pin to 9 pin adapter included in the PC interface kit to adapt the interface cable’s connector to the computer’s connector.

2.Plug the other end of the interface cable (4 conductor male plug) into the data loader jack that is mounted in the aircraft.

2-4

Rev 1

3.Turn on the computer being used for the database update. Insert Disk 1 into the computer’s disk drive. There can be either 2 or 3 disks used for the update so be sure the label on the outside of the disk says “Disk 1 of 2” or “Disk 1 of 3”. The program on the disk will automatically “boot” (load) and the computer screen will display “Ready” when the computer is ready to continue with the database update operation.

4.Turn on the KLN 90B. Press E as required to approve the Self Test and Database pages. Use the left outer knob to select the Setup (SET) type pages and the left inner knob to select the SET 0 page (figure 2-2).

5.Press the left C. UPDATE PUBLISHED DB will now be displayed as in figure 2-3.

6.Press E. The database region and the expiration date of the database presently loaded in the KLN 90B is displayed (figure 2-4). If the database is out of date the word EXPIRES changes to EXPIRED.

7.Press E to acknowledge the information on this page and to continue the update procedure. The estimated load time in minutes is now displayed (figure 2-5).

NOTE: In steps 5, 6, and 7, repeated presses of @ will terminate the update process and bring the display back to the original SET 0 page shown in figure 2-2.

U P D A T E

D A T A B A S E

O N G R O U N D

O N L Y

SET 0

Figure 2-2

U P D A T E

	D A T A			B A S E
	UPDATE PUBLISHED DB
CRSR				ent

Figure 2-3

U P D A T E

N AMERICAN

DATA BASE EXPIRES

17 AUG 94

U P D A T E ?

		CRSR				ent
					Figure 2-4
					U P D A T E
			D A T A			B A S E
			E S T .			L O A D
			T I M E :			10 MIN
			A P P R O V E ?
			CRSR			ent

Figure 2-5

2-5

Rev 1

8.Press E to acknowledge the estimated load time and begin erasing the existing database. The unit will now display ERASING DATA BASE (figure 2-6). After the database has been erased, loading of the new data begins automatically. As the new data is being loaded, the percentage of transfer is displayed (figure 2-7).

9.Monitor the computer screen. When the first disk is complete the computer screen will display “Insert Disk 2 then press any key to continue.” Disk 1 should now be removed from the disk drive and disk 2 should be inserted. Press any key on the computer. The load operation will continue. If there are 3 disks the computer screen will prompt when to use disk 3.

10.The KLN 90B will indicate when the database update is complete as shown in figure 2-8. The computer screen will display the new database expiration date. You may either turn the KLN 90B off at this point or press E to restart the KLN 90B.

11.Remove the interface cable. Remove the disk from the computer. Turn off the computer.

The chances are small of having difficulty updating the database but if you have a problem:

First check that the interface cable is properly connected and that the computer is turned on. If there is a problem with the connection or the computer the KLN 90B will display LOADER NOT READY. When the problem is corrected this prompt is removed and the update operation can continue from where it left off.

If the wrong disk is inserted the computer screen will display “Incorrect Disk - please insert disk __.”, where the number 2 or 3 is inserted in the blank.

If an internal test fails after the data has been loaded, the KLN 90B will display CHECKSUM ERROR, DATA BASE INVALID, ACKNOWLEDGE?. Press E to acknowledge. The KLN 90B will then display RETRY and EXIT. Use the left outer knob to position the cursor over the desired choice and press E.

There are other error messages that may be displayed. If you have a problem that you can’t resolve, write down any error messages to aid your Bendix/King Service Center in identifying the problem.

U P D A T E

	D A T A		B A S E
	E R A S I N G
	D A T A		B A S E
	SET 0
		Figure 2-6
		U P D A T E
	D A T A		B A S E

14 PERCENT COMPLETE

SET 0

Figure 2-7

U P D A T E

D A T A B A S E

UPDATE PUBLISHED DB COMPLETED ACKNOWLEDGE?

CRSR ent

Figure 2-8

2-6

Rev 1

2.4.2 Cartridge Exchange Updating of the Database

To exchange the KLN 90B cartridge it is necessary to remove the KLN 90B from the aircraft’s instrument panel. The KLN 90B and the mounting rack have been designed to provide for easy removal. Follow these steps to update the database cartridge.

FRONT LUG UP

AND BACK LUG DOWN

KLN	90B	TSO

NAV	CRSR

CALC
STAT
SETUP		GPS
OTHER		PUSH
MSG
		ON
ALT		CRSR
D	NAV
CLR
ENT		APT
		VOR
		NDB
PULL		INT
		SUPL
SCAN

1.Insert the KLN 90B insertion/removal tool (supplied with unit) in the small hole located on the right side of the front of the unit (figure 2-9). A standard 3/32 inch Allen wrench may also be used.

2.Turn the tool counterclockwise until the locking mechanism becomes loose and then continue turning counterclockwise until it just barely begins to become snug. Do not turn so far counterclockwise that the mechanism starts to bind and can no longer be turned.

3.The KLN 90B should now be loose from the rack. Pull the unit out of the rack by pulling on the sides of the radio’s front panel. DO NOT REMOVE BY PULLING ON THE KNOBS.

4.Remove the old database cartridge by pulling it straight out the back of the KLN 90B (figure 2-10).

5.Remove the new database cartridge from its shipping

container. Note that the label on the cartridge indicates

Figure 2-9

1 -1 8088

Figure 2-10

2-7

Rev 1

which side is up and which end to insert into the KLN 90B. Insert the new cartridge into the back of the unit. When the cartridge is properly inserted, the “Insert To Here” marking on the label can just be seen protruding from the rear of the KLN 90B (figure 2-11).

6.Make sure that the front lug of the locking mechanism is in the up position (figure 2-9). Insert the KLN 90B back in the rack as far as it will go.

7.Re-insert the insertion/removal tool. Turn the tool clockwise until snug. The KLN 90B should now be locked back into the mounting rack. Pull gently on the front panel to verify that the unit is indeed locked into its rack.

8.The container which was used to ship the new cartridge to you is used to return the old cartridge back to AlliedSignal. A return shipping label is included in the container. Remove the backing from the label and place it in the address position of the shipping container.

9.Insert the old cartridge into the container. Peel off the protective backing from the adhesive on the end flap of the container. Press the flap against the adhesive to seal the container.

10.Please return the old cartridge promptly by mailing immediately at any mailbox. No postage is required if mailed from within the U.S. Users will be billed for cartridges not returned and no additional cartridges will be sent until either the old cartridge or payment for the old cartridge is received.

2.5 USER DEFINED DATABASE

In addition to the published database of airports, VORs, NDBs, and intersections stored in the cartridge, you may create up to 250 other waypoints. These waypoints may be designated by you to be one of the four waypoint types above or as a waypoint not falling into one of these types. In the latter case the waypoint is called a Supplemental waypoint. Section 5.4 describes how you may create a user-defined waypoint.

2.6 INTERNAL MEMORY BACKUP BATTERY

The KLN 90B contains an internal lithium battery that is used to “keep-alive” the user-defined database as well as flight plans. This battery has a typical life of three to five years. It is highly recommended that the battery be replaced every three years at an authorized Bendix/King Service Center.

Figure 2-11

2.7 DATABASE UPDATE SERVICE OPTIONS

The following tear-out pages can be used for ordering the North American and International database update services from AlliedSignal. The forms may be mailed or faxed for your convenience.

2-8

Rev 1

KLN 90B Data Base Update Service Order Form Consult Pricing Sheet (006-08794-0001) for Service Prices

AlliedSignal GAA offers several update service options to suit your requirements. Please select the service desired, then fill out and mail this order form. Credit card orders may be faxed.

Updates from the Internet can be obtained directly by logging onto the AlliedSignal Internet site and following the instructions

provided, or by calling the telephone number below to set up an account.

Note: Updates are current for 28 days after effective date on diskette. If you select any service other than the complete 13-time service, your KLN 90B will begin alerting you after 28 days that your data base is out of date.

Check One:

Please set up the service under:

Database Card Format

Name:

(available in U.S./Canada only)

Company:

Diskette Format

Address:

(Laptop Computer Required. See

section 2 of KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide

City:

for details.)

State:

Zip Code:

Country:

Check Requested Data Base:

Telephone: (

)

Americas Data Base

FAX: (

)

Aircraft Make:

International Data Base

Aircraft Model:

______

		Method of Payment
		Check/Money order enclosed
		Wire Transfer:
Check One:
Complete Update Service.		Chase Manhattan Bank, NY
		Acct #910-2-538734
Provides 13 updates–one every 28
		MasterCard/VISA
days for one year.
Six-time Update Service.		Number
		Expires
Provides six updates–one every 56
days for one year.		Signature
Four-time Update Service.		Tax may apply in some states.
		See pricing sheet.
Provides four updates–one during
each quarter for one year.		Send to:
Single Update. Provides one		AlliedSignal CAS
		Data Base Update Service
update upon receipt of order.
		Mail Drop #66
		400 N. Rogers Road

ATelephone:FAX: (913) 768(913)-3904768-3020Olathe KS 66062-1212

Tapehere

Fold here

NO POSTAGE

NECESSARY

IF MAILED

IN THE

UNITED STATES

BUSINESS REPLY MAIL

FIRST-CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO. 121 OLATHE, KANSAS

POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE

ALLIEDSIGNAL COMMERCIAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS M D 66

400 NORTH ROGERS ROAD OLATHE KS 66062-9987

CHAPTER 3 - LEVEL 1 OPERATION

This is the first of three chapters specifically dealing with operating the KLN 90B. In this chapter you will learn the basic operation of the front panel controls and then how

to perform Direct To navigation (navigating from your present position direct to your desired location).

3.1 COVERAGE AREA

The KLN 90B was designed to provide worldwide navigation coverage from North 74° latitude to South 60° latitude (figure 3-1). Outside this area, magnetic variation must

be manually entered as discussed in section 5.12. See section 2.2 for the database coverage areas.

74°	74°
60°	60°
45°	45°
30°	30°
15°	15°
0°	0°
15°	15°
30°	30°
45°	45°
60°	60°

Figure 3-1 KLN 90B Navigation Coverage Area

IMPORTANT: Special installation procedures must be followed in order for the KLN 90B to be certified for IFR use. Consult the KLN 90B Flight Manual Supplement for the operating limitations of this unit.

3-1

Rev 1

KLN 90B CONTROLS

LEFT CURSOR

POWER/BRIGHTNESS

ı
KLN 90B TSO		$=KOSH |=KOSH	BRT
	+++++Ê+++++|WITTMAN
	DIS	683nm|
CRSR	GS	193kt|
	ETE	3:34|N 43^59.06'
	BRG	303^|W 88^33.42'

	NAV	CALC	NAV 1|enr-leg			|APT 1		NAV
								D/T
	FPL	STAT
								ACTV
	MODE	SETUP
					D			REF
	TRIP	OTHER MSG		ALT		CLR	ENT
								CTR

LEFT OUTER

ENTER

LEFT INNER		MESSAGE								CLEAR
		ALTITUDE						DIRECT TO

	GPS		RIGHT
	PUSH
			CURSOR
	ON
	CRSR
		APT
	PULL	VOR
		NDB
		INT

SUPL

RIGHT

OUTER

RIGHT

INNER

Figure 3-2

3.2 TURN-ON AND SELF TEST

Enough of the preliminaries. Let’s get started into actually turning the KLN 90B on and using it! Figure 3-2 will fold out and allow you to use it as a reference as you read this chapter, especially if you don’t have a KLN 90B immediately at hand. The steps below take a lot of words to explain, but you will find that in actual use you will accomplish these steps in just a few moments.

NOTE: When power is applied to the KLN 90B it always “wakes up” in the Enroute-Leg mode. Only the EnrouteLeg mode is described in this chapter. In this mode the KLN 90B performs great circle navigation (the shortest distance between two points located on the earth’s surface). The course deviation output displayed on the unit’s internal course deviation indicator (CDI) and provided to an external HSI or CDI is five nautical miles left and right, full scale sensitivity. The other modes of the unit are described in section 5.9 and in chapter 6.

1.Turn-on the KLN 90B by pressing the power/brightness knob to the “in” position. The power/brightness knob is located on the upper right side of the unit. It takes just a few seconds for the screen to warm up.

2.The Turn-On page will be displayed for a few seconds (figure 3-3). During this time the KLN 90B performs an extensive internal test. The ORS (Operational Revision Status) level number in the upper right corner of the display should match the ORS level indicated on the first page of this Pilot’s Guide (page before Table of Contents). If desired, you may program four lines of personalized information which is displayed each time the Turn-On page is in view. The procedure for doing this is described in section 5.7.

When the internal test is complete, the Turn-On page will automatically be replaced by the Self Test page (figure 3-4). Note: if the KLN 90B is operating in the take-home mode, the Take-Home Warning page (figure 3-5) is displayed first and must be acknowledged by pressing E. See section 5.14 for more information on the Take-Home mode.

3.Adjust the display brightness to the desired level by rotating the power/brightness knob. Clockwise rotation increases brightness and counterclockwise rotation decreases brightness.

4.Verify that the data displayed on the left side of the Self Test page is the same as is being displayed on the appropriate equipment in the aircraft which is interfaced to the KLN 90B. If the KLN 90B is not connected to any other equipment in the aircraft, you may skip to step 5.

GPS ORS 20 c1994 ALLIEDSIGNAL INC

SELF TEST IN PROGRESS

Figure 3-3

DIS 34.5NM|DATE/TIME

+++++j+‚⁄++| 31 JUL 94 OBS IN 242^|08:10:03CST OUT 315^|ALT 1100ft RMI 130^|BARO:29.92"

ANNUN	ON|	APPROVE?
	enr-leg			CRSR

Figure 3-4

		WARNING:
SYSTEM IS IN TAKE-
HOME MODE: DO NOT
USE FOR NAVIGATION				4
	ACKNOWLEDGE?
		enr-leg ent

Figure 3-5

3-3

Rev 1

The distance field (DIS) always displays 34.5 NM (nautical miles). If the KLN 90B is interfaced to a compatible indicator that displays DME distance, the indicator should be displaying 34.5 nautical miles.

If the KLN 90B is interfaced with a mechanical NAV indicator such as an HSI or a course deviation indicator (CDI), the D-bar (deviation bar) should be indicating a half scale deviation to the right. In some EFIS installations the D-bar may be deflected one third of full scale. This is due to the different CDI scale factors that are used. The TO/FROM indicator should be showing FROM.

If the KLN 90B is interfaced with a NAV indicator such that the KLN 90B can "read" the selected course from the NAV indicator, then the OBS IN field should display the same course as on the NAV indicator.

The OBS OUT field always displays 315 degrees and is only applicable when the KLN 90B is interfaced with an HSI which has a driven course pointer capable of being driven by the KLN 90B. This type of HSI is normally found in jets and turboprops. If this type of NAV indicator is interfaced to the KLN 90B, the course pointer on the NAV indicator should be driven to 315 degrees and both the OBS IN and OBS OUT fields should be displaying 315 degrees.

The RMI field always displays 130 degrees. If the KLN 90B is connected to a compatible RMI in the aircraft, the RMI should indicate a bearing to the station of 130 degrees.

If any of the above checks fail, do not use the associated equipment with the KLN 90B.

5.If the KLN 90B has passed the internal self test, the bottom left side of the Self Test page will display ANNUN ON to indicate that the external annunciators, if installed, should all be illuminated. If instead, a flashing TEST FAIL is displayed, recycle power to the KLN 90B. If the Self Test page still displays TEST FAIL, the KLN 90B requires repair and should not be used for navigation.

3-4

Rev 1

The KLN 90B needs to have the correct time, date, and position to be able to determine which satellites should be in view. This information is stored in the battery backed memory of the KLN 90B so it is not normally required to update it. If the KLN 90B has the correct time, date, and position, then the time to first fix will usually be just a couple of minutes or less. If this information is not correct, then the KLN 90B will start to look for any satellites. Eventually, the KLN 90B will find enough satellites to determine the position of the aircraft. This process can take as long as 12 minutes but will normally be around 6 minutes. It is possible for you to update this information manually which will allow the KLN 90B to reach a NAV ready status much faster. To set the time and date follow steps 6 and 7. If the date and time are correct, or acquisition time is not important, then skip to step 8.

6.If the date is incorrect, rotate the right outer knob counterclockwise until the cursor is over the entire date field (figure 3-6). Rotate the right inner knob until the correct day of the month is displayed (figure 3-7). Then, rotate the right outer knob one step clockwise to place the flashing part of the cursor over the month field (figure 3-8). Rotate the right inner knob to display the correct month (figure 3-9). Rotate the right outer knob one step clockwise again and use the right inner knob to select the first digit of the correct year (Figure 3-10). Next, rotate the right outer knob one more step clockwise and then use the right inner knob to select the second digit of the year (figure 3-11). When the date is correct, press E.

7.If it is necessary to reset the time, use the right outer knob to position the cursor over the time zone field (figure 3-12). Use the right inner knob to select the desired time zone (figure 3-13). The following are the time zones which the KLN 90B is capable of displaying:

UTC Coordinated Universal Time (Zulu)

GST Greenland Standard Time (UTC - 3)

GDT Greenland Daylight Time (UTC - 2)

ATS Atlantic Standard Time (UTC - 4)

ATD Atlantic Daylight Time (UTC - 3)

EST Eastern Standard Time (UTC - 5)

EDT Eastern Daylight Time (UTC - 4)

CST Central Standard Time (UTC - 6)

CDT Central Daylight Time (UTC - 5)

MST Mountain Standard Time (UTC - 7)

MDT Mountain Daylight Time (UTC - 6)

PST Pacific Standard Time (UTC - 8)

PDT Pacific Daylight Time (UTC - 7)

AKS Alaska Standard Time (UTC - 9)

AKD Alaska Daylight Time (UTC - 8)

HAS Hawaii Standard Time (UTC - 10)

HAD Hawaii Daylight Time (UTC - 9)

SST Samoa Standard Time (UTC - 11)

SDT Samoa Daylight Time (UTC - 10)

3-5

|DATE/TIME | 31 JUL 94 |08:10:14CST |ALT 1100ft |BARO:29.92" |

CRSR

Figure 3-6

|DATE/TIME | 03 !!! !! |08:10:14CST |ALT 1100ft |BARO:29.92" | APPROVE?

CRSR

Figure 3-8

|DATE/TIME | 03 AUG 9! |08:10:14CST |ALT 1100ft |BARO:29.92" | APPROVE?

CRSR

Figure 3-10

|DATE/TIME | 03 AUG 94 |08:10:14CST |ALT 1100ft |BARO:29.92" | APPROVE?

CRSR

Figure 3-12

|DATE/TIME | 03 !!! !! |08:10:14CST |ALT 1100ft |BARO:29.92" | APPROVE?

CRSR

Figure 3-7

|DATE/TIME | 03 AUG !! |08:10:14CST |ALT 1100ft |BARO:29.92" | APPROVE?

CRSR

Figure 3-9

|DATE/TIME | 03 AUG 94 |08:10:14CST |ALT 1100ft |BARO:29.92" | APPROVE?

CRSR

Figure 3-11

|DATE/TIME | 03 AUG 94 |14:10:55UTC |ALT 1100ft |BARO:29.92" | APPROVE?

CRSR

Figure 3-13

Rev 1

You will be able to change the time zone any time you desire on several other pages, so don’t worry if you’re not sure which time zone to choose. UTC - Coordinated Universal Time (also called “Zulu”) is always a safe choice.

Once you have selected the desired time zone, turn the right outer knob one step counterclockwise to position the cursor over the entire time field (figure 3-14). Use the right inner knob to select the correct hour (figure 3-15). Since 24 hour time is used, be sure to add 12 if the time is after 1:00 P.M.(2:30 P.M. becomes 14:30). Now turn the right outer knob one step clockwise to position the flashing part of the cursor over the first minute’s position (figure 3-16). Turn the right inner knob to select the desired value. Turning the right outer knob one more step clockwise positions the flashing part of the cursor over the second minute’s position, and the right inner knob is now used to finalize the time selection (figure 3-17). When the correct time has been entered, press E to start the clock running. Don’t worry that you can’t update the seconds. The KLN 90B system time will automatically be corrected very precisely once a satellite is received.

8.Turn the right outer knob clockwise to position the cursor over the first two digits of the altimeter baro set field if the cursor is not there already (figure 3-18). The last KLN 90B baro setting entered is displayed. If the correct altimeter setting is displayed skip to step 10 after reading the following notes.

NOTE: The KLN 90B will use an altitude input from an altitude encoder or air data computer. Since the altitude from these devices is usually pressure altitude, an altimeter baro correction is required to ensure maximum accuracy. This altitude input is used for altitude related features of the KLN 90B. Therefore, it is important to keep the altimeter baro setting updated on the Self Test page when power is first applied to the KLN 90B and on the Altitude page each time a new baro correction is made to the aircraft’s altimeter.

NOTE: The units of the altimeter baro setting may be changed at a later time from inches to millibars on the SET 7 page.

NOTE: The altimeter baro set field will not be a cursor field if the KLN 90B is interfaced to certain air data/altimeter systems which update the baro set field when the aircraft’s altimeter baro setting is updated.

|DATE/TIME | 03 AUG 94 |14:10:59UTC |ALT 1100ft |BARO:29.92"

|APPROVE?

		CRSR
	Figure 3-14
|DATE/TIME
|	03 AUG 94
|16:!!:08UTC
|ALT		1100ft
|BARO:29.92"
|	APPROVE?
		CRSR
	Figure 3-16

|DATE/TIME
|	03 AUG 94
|16:!!:08UTC
|ALT		1100ft
|BARO:29.92"
|	APPROVE?
		CRSR
	Figure 3-15

|DATE/TIME
|	03 AUG 94
|16:27:08UTC
|ALT		1100ft
|BARO:29.92"
|	APPROVE?
		CRSR
	Figure 3-17

|DATE/TIME | 03 AUG 94 |16:27:42UTC |ALT 1100ft |BARO:29.92" | APPROVE?

CRSR

Figure 3-18

3-6

Rev 1

9.To enter the correct baro setting, rotate the right inner knob to select the first two digits of the correct altimeter setting (figure 3-19). Rotate the right outer knob one step clockwise to move the flashing cursor over the third position. Use the right inner knob to select the correct number. Use the right outer and inner knobs to complete the baro setting (figure 3-20). Now press E.

10.With the correct altimeter setting entered, the altitude displayed on line 4 should be correct within 100 feet.

11.Turn the right outer knob clockwise to position the cursor over APPROVE? if it is not there already (figure 3-21). Press E to approve the Self Test page. If the KLN 90B altitude alert audio is utilized in the installation, five beeps should be heard when the Self Test page is approved. The alert audio volume may later be adjusted on the SET 9 page. (Note: If the KLN 90B is installed for VFR only operation, a VFR only warning page is displayed after the self test page has been approved (Figure 3-22). This warning page must be acknowledged by pressing E .) If the KLN 90B is installed with an external GPS CRS switch and the switch is in the OBS position, then the OBS warning page will be displayed (figure 3-23). The GPS CRS switch should be pushed so that the LEG mode is selected.)

12.The Database page will now be displayed with the cursor over ACKNOWLEDGE?. Line 1 indicates the coverage area of the database being used. If the database is current, line 3 will show the date when the database expires (figure 3-24).

If the database is out of date, line 3 shows the date that it expired (figure 3-25). The KLN 90B will still function with an out of date database; however, you must exercise extreme caution and always verify that the database information is correct before using information from an out of date database.

Press E to acknowledge the information on the Database page.

WARNING: The accuracy of the database information is assured only if the database is current. Operators using an out of date database do so entirely at their own risk.

3-7

|DATE/TIME

|DATE/TIME

|

03 AUG 94

|

03 AUG 94

|16:27:53UTC

|16:28:08UTC

|ALT 1100ft

|ALT 1100ft

|BARO:30.0

2

"

|BARO:

30

.92"

|

APPROVE?

|

APPROVE?

CRSR

CRSR

Figure 3-20

Figure 3-19

|DATE/TIME | 03 AUG 94 |16:28:24UTC |ALT 1200ft |BARO:30.02" | APPROVE?

CRSR

Figure 3-21

FOR VFR USE ONLY

ACKNOWLEDGE?

ent CRSR

Figure 3-22

WARNING

SYSTEM IS IN OBS MODE

PRESS GPS CRS BUTTON

TO CHANGE TO LEG MODE

enr:016

Figure 3-23

N AMERICAN

DATA BASE EXPIRES

29 AUG 94

ACKNOWLEDGE?

enr-leg ent CRSR

Figure 3-24

N AMERICAN

DATA BASE EXPIRED

04 JUL 94

ALL DATA MUST BE CONFIRMED BEFORE USE ACKNOWLEDGE?

enr-leg ent CRSR

Figure 3-25

Rev 1

The NAV 2 page (present position) is now automatically displayed on the left side of the screen and the waypoint page for the waypoint which was active when the KLN 90B was last turned off will be displayed on the right side (figure 3-26). If the last active waypoint was an airport, the APT 4 page (airport communications) will be displayed. Isn’t that convenient! Almost always, the waypoint which was active when you last removed power from the KLN 90B is the airport where you landed. Therefore, when you get ready to depart, the airport communication frequencies for that airport will automatically be displayed for you!

When the NAV 2 page first appears, it is possible that the present position will be dashed. It can take the KLN 90B several minutes to acquire the GPS satellites and to make its initial calculation of your position. When the KLN 90B reaches a NAV ready status and is able to navigate, the NAV 2 page will display your present position in two ways (figure 3-27). The bottom of the page will display the aircraft’s latitude and longitude. Above the latitude/longitude position is the present position expressed as the distance and radial from a nearby VOR. The VOR displayed on the NAV 2 page is the nearest low or high altitude class VOR. Terminal class VORs are not used because many charts do not depict a compass rose around them and verifying the displayed radial would be difficult. Verify that the present position shown on the NAV 2 page is correct.

NOTE: In order to reach a NAV ready status, the aircraft must be away from obstructions blocking the GPS antenna’s view of required satellites. If the KLN 90B fails to reach a NAV ready status within five minutes, refer to section 3.6, “Initialization and Time To First Fix”.

NOTE: When the KLN 90B is interfaced with certain Shadin fuel flow computers, the KLN 90B will present the following message after the start-up sequence:

SET FUEL ON BOARD

ON OTH 5 IF NECESSARY

Turn to section 5.10.1 for details on this operation.

PRESENT POS|=KHIF

|CLR	124.10
--- ---^fr |GRND	121.60
---- -nm |TWR	126.20

- --^--.--			'|APR	121.10
----^--.--			'|DEP	121.10
NAV 2		enr-leg				APT 4

Figure 3-26

PRESENT POS| | OGD 122^fr|

8.2nm| N 41^07.60'| W111^58.30'|

NAV 2

Figure 3-27

3-8