BendixKing KGP 860 User Manual
N
KGP 560 & KGP 860
General Aviation
Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System
B
Pilot’s Guide
The information contained in this manual is for reference use only. If
any information contained herein conflicts with similar information
contained in the Airplane Flight Manual Supplement, the information in
the Airplane Flight Manual Supplement shall take precedence.
WARNING
The enclosed technical data is eligible for export under License Designation
NLR and is to be used solely by the individual/organization to whom it is
addressed. Diversion contrary to U.S. law is prohibited.
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2003-2005 Honeywell International Inc.
All rights reserved.
Reproduction of this publication or any portion thereof by any means without
the express written permission of Honeywell International Inc. is prohibited.
For further information contact the Manager, Technical Publications;
Honeywell Business & General Aviation; One Technology Center; 23500
West 105th Street; Olathe, Kansas 66061. Telephone: (913) 782-0400.
KGP 560 & KGP 860
Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
What is the GA-Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Regulatory Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
GA-EGPWS FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Aircraft Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Aircraft Altitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Terrain, Obstacles & Runway Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Terrain Inhibit Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Terrain Awareness Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
“Look-Ahead” Alerting and Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Runway Field Clearance Floor (RFCF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Excessive Rate of Descent Alerting and Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Inadvertent Descent / Loss of Altitude After Take-Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
GA-EGPWS Altitude Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Altitude Call-out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Aircraft Configuration Alerts (Gear & Flap Alerts - KGP 860 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Bank Angle Alert (KGP 860 Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
NORMAL PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
GA-EGPWS System Self-Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Recommended Procedures for GA-EGPWS Warnings In Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Recommended Procedures for GA-EGPWS Alerts In Flight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Audio Message Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
GA-EGPWS Cockpit Lamps & Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
KGP 560/860 System Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
KGP 560/860 Continued Airworthiness and Database Update Procedures . . . . . .30
KGP 560/860 Product Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
i
Table of Contents
Rev 5 Jul/2004 KGP 560/860 Pilot's Guide
Intentionally left blank
ii
Rev 5 Jul/2004 KGP 560/860 Pilot's Guide
Table of Contents
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
The Bendix/King KGP 560 & KGP 860 General Aviation Enhanced
Ground Proximity Warning System (GA-EGPWS) brings state-of-the-art
technology in Terrain Display, Situational Awareness, Terrain Alerting
and Warning, and Obstacle Alerting and Warning to the General
Aviation pilot. The KGP 560 & KGP 860 GA-EGPWS is an affordable,
extremely lightweight, compact and rugged computer that is easily
installed in single- and multi-engine piston aircraft as well as small turboprops and other aircraft.
Based on 30 years experience in the development and advancement of
Ground Proximity Warning Systems for Air Transport, Regional and
Commuter Airlines, Military aircraft and Corporate aviation, Honeywell
brings this vital safety technology to all segments of General Aviation.
Using our proprietary world-wide terrain database, obstacle database,
runway database, state-of-the-art GPS technology, and proven Terrain
Display with Alerting and Warning functions, the system provides the
General Aviation pilot with superior situational awareness with respect to
terrain and known obstacles. In addition, the system contains the most
advanced alerting and warning functionality to warn the pilot of danger
with respect to terrain, man-made obstacles and other primary scenarios
associated with the dangers of Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT).
The KGP 560 & KGP 860 GA-EGPWS Computer
(less than 1.5 pounds, KGP 560 shown, KGP 860 similar)
Rev 5 Jul/2004 KGP 560/860 Pilot's Guide
1
Introduction
Use of a terrain display is optional, but recommended in order to
enhance full situational awareness. If a terrain display is not installed in
the system, all alerts and warnings are still present.
This Pilot’s Guide outlines the basic requirements for system operation
and recommended procedures for use of the KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS.
This Guide does NOT supersede FAA Approved Data or FAA Flight
Manual Supplements, or FAA Required Procedures. Each pilot should
be thoroughly familiar with his or her aircraft, its systems, and FAA
and/or company requirements for that aircraft as equipped with the KGP
560/860 General Aviation Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System.
WHAT IS THE GA-ENHANCED GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING SYSTEM?
The Bendix/King KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS is a small lightweight computer that can be installed in most single- and multi-engine piston aircraft,
small turboprop aircraft and other aircraft in which a Terrain Avoidance &
Warning System is applicable. Additional interface capability with the
KGP 860 allows the system to be installed in larger corporate and business aircraft.
The KGP 560/860 computer is compact and rugged, and can be
mounted in any number of orientations to meet the requirements of the
aircraft and space limitations. The computer weighs less than 1.5
pounds.
The system uses information from an existing GPS (already in the aircraft) or internal GPS receiver contained in the KGP 560/860 computer.
The only other required input is uncorrected barometric pressure from
the aircraft’s transponder or altitude reporting/encoding device. An additional input of Outside Air Temperature (OAT) is optional. See section
on Aircraft Altitude.
The system can also accept inputs from various digital air data computers, when such equipment is available on an aircraft. The terrain
database, obstacle database, runway database and alerting/warning
functionality are contained in the KGP 560/860 computer, and require no
pilot action for system operation.
Outputs generated by the system are:
* Terrain / Obstacle Display
* Voice alerts / Warnings / Call-outs
* Visual alerts / Warnings
Rev 5 Jul/2004
2
KGP 560/860 Pilot's Guide
Introduction
During normal flight operations, the system remains essentially silent,
using GPS, altitude and temperature (optional) data in combination with
its various database information to provide the pilot with a display of the
aircraft position relative to surrounding terrain and known obstacles,
thereby providing unprecedented situational awareness for the pilot.
Pilot workload in interacting with the system during normal flight is minimal.
Should the aircraft fly into danger where a conflict with terrain or a known
obstacle is imminent, the system will provide both visual and aural alerts
and warnings to the pilot. The system also provides alerts and warnings
for excessive rates of descent and inadvertent descents or altitude loss
after take-off.
The system provides an aural altitude call-out when 500 feet above
runway elevation during a landing approach, and also monitors altimeter
systems in the aircraft to provide alerts for possible altimeter malfunctions or errors.
The KGP 860 also provides low gear and flap alerting as well as an
excessive bank angle call-out, if configured
Pilot reactions to alerts and warnings differ according to weather conditions, visibility, type of warning, phase of flight and aircraft performance
considerations. Pilots should be thoroughly familiar with FAA, company,
or other approved operational procedures as required by their aircraft
and type of operation. Pilots should train to react properly to alerts and
warnings just as one would train to react to an aircraft stall, engine failure
or any other emergency situation.
REGULATORY STANDARDS
The KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS containing Software Version -0005 or
later satisfies the requirements for Terrain Avoidance & Warning
Systems (TAWS) as defined by FAA TSO C151b, Class B & Class C,
when installed in aircraft in accordance with approved procedures. (See
KGP 560 or KGP 860 GA-EGPWS System Installation Manual,
whichever is applicable). The KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS containing software earlier than -0005 satisfies the requirements for Terrain Avoidance
& Warning Systems (TAWS) as defined by FAA TSO C151a, Class B
when installed in aircraft in accordance with approved procedures.
NOTE: All aircraft, which are required by Federal Aviation Regulations to
have a Terrain Awareness and Warning System complying with TSO
C151b Class B, must be configured with the Class B warning and audio
configurations.
Rev 5 Jul/2004 KGP 560/860 Pilot's Guide
3
Introduction
The KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS may also be installed in aircraft that do
not require FAA approved TAWS systems, and may be utilized with an
optional set of alerting and warning parameters that are designed especially for smaller piston aircraft and their normal flight characteristics.
The FAA has now designated these operational TAWS requirements,
under TSO C151b as the Class C curves. These “optional alerting and
warning parameters”, now Class C operations, are set into the computer
via the Configuration Module during installation, and require no pilot
interaction.
Rev 5 Jul/2004
4
KGP 560/860 Pilot's Guide
Functions and Features
GA-EGPWS FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES
AIRCRAFT POSITION
The KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS uses Global Positioning System (GPS)
information from either an aircraft-installed GPS receiver, or an internal
GPS receiver contained in the KGP 560/860 computer itself. It is good
for the pilot to be aware of the actual position source being used by the
system, as the internal GPS is not used for navigation of the aircraft.
GPS signals arrive at an antenna on the aircraft and are then processed
by the KGP 560/860 computer to provide both horizontal (lateral) and
vertical position (altitude) information. This position in space is then
compared to the terrain, obstacle and runway database information contained in the KGP 560/860 computer to produce a “virtual” picture which
can then be displayed to provide Situational Awareness for the pilot.
Other GPS information such as true track, groundspeed, vertical velocity,
N/S and E/W velocity, and signal accuracy measurements are also
processed by the KGP 560/860 computer to provide a complete picture
of not only the aircraft position in three dimensions, but also an excellent
picture of the aircraft’s flight path.
This total package of information is then used to provide the Terrain
Display for the pilot, and to provide alerting and warning functionality to
protect the pilot and passengers from possible conflicts with terrain,
known obstacles, and other scenarios associated with the dangers of
Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT).
Rev 5 Jul/2004 KGP 560/860 Pilot's Guide
5
Functions and Features
AIRCRAFT ALTITUDE
In addition to the altitude information provided by the GPS, the KGP
560/860 GA-EGPWS uses uncorrected barometric pressure altitude
information from the aircraft’s encoding altimeter, blind altitude encoder
or transponder. This altitude information allows the system to do two
main tasks.
First, by using a special “derived-altitude” developed by Honeywell called
“Geometric Altitude”, the GPS and uncorrected pressure altitude information is blended together by the system to provide accurate altitude
information, which is using the same Mean Sea Level (MSL) reference
as the terrain, obstacle and runway databases in the system. The
blending functionality of “Geometric Altitude” means it is much less susceptible to errors or malfunctions in the use of normal altimeter systems.
(The pilot is NOT required to enter an altimeter setting specifically for the
GA-EGPWS system).
Where aircraft are routinely operated in extreme weather conditions
(either hot or cold), Honeywell strongly recommends the optional temperature input be used with the KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS. This additional
factor in the blending formula of “Geometric Altitude” provides an even
more accurate vertical position to the system, and prevents serious discrepancies between actual altitude and “Geometric Altitude” under
extreme temperature conditions, especially during rapid climbing or
descending flight profiles.
The second benefit of using “Geometric Altitude” in the system is that the
pilot will now have an independent monitor of altitude. The system can
detect an abnormal difference between “Geometric Altitude” and the
uncorrected pressure altitude. Optionally, the system can provide a
voice call-out and display a message to the pilot should such an
abnormal difference occur.
Geometric Altitude
Rev 5 Jul/2004
6
KGP 560/860 Pilot's Guide
Functions and Features
On some terrain displays, an indication of MSL or GSL altitude will
appear. This altitude is the reference altitude for the display and the terrain awareness algorithm. This reference altitude is based on internally
calculated Geometric Altitude and NOT corrected barometric altitude that
must be used when navigating within the National Airspace System.
Geometric Altitude is the height above Mean Sea Level (MSL) derived
from the GPS receiver, filtered by the vertical figure of merits from the
same GPS and complemented by short term variations in barometric altitude. It represents the aircraft's calculated true height above MSL and
serves as the reference altitude for color-coding of the terrain display and
the altitude input to the look-ahead algorithm. On some displays the
Geometric Altitude number may be labeled `MSL', `GSL' (Geodetic Sea
Level) or have no label. Exact location and display definition of this altitude is detailed in the Operating Guide and/or Flight Manual
Supplements of the display system.
Because Geometric Altitude is primarily comprised of GPS altitude, this
reference altitude will often differ from cockpit displayed corrected barometric altitude. The geometric altitude is not to be used for naviga-
tion. It is presented to provide the crew with additional situational awareness of true height above sea level upon which terrain alerting and display is based. GPS altitude is an altitude above Mean Sea Level and it
is the geodetic height above the WGS-84 ellipsoid corrected by the geoid
height in the GPS receiver itself. With Selective Availability turned off as
currently, the accuracy is usually better than 75 feet and with Selective
Availability turned on, short term accuracy is in the order of 400 feet, but
the geometric altitude should be within 100 feet.
TERRAIN, OBSTACLES & RUNWAY DATABASE
The KGP 560/860 GA-EGPWS contains a removable database card,
which is inserted into the unit through a slot in the top surface of the computer. This card contains all the terrain data, known obstacles data
(where available), and runway data used by the system. This card must
be installed in the computer for proper operation. Instructions for update
procedures and installation of the database card are discussed later in
this guide.
Terrain data is supplied from the same proprietary database used by
other Honeywell EGPWS products, and is divided into three regions
worldwide. (See the following pictures). The terrain data is divided into
grid patterns of various sizes, from areas about 1/4 nm square resolution
to areas of about 5 nm square. This allows a large area of data to be
stored in the unit, and allows high-resolution data near airports, with
lower resolution data where terrain is not a factor and airports are
sparse.
Rev 5 Jul/2004 KGP 560/860 Pilot's Guide
7
Functions and Features
75°
60°
45°
30°
15°
0°
15°
30°
45°
60°
165°150° 135°120°105° 90° 75° 60° 45° 30° 15° 0° 15° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105° 120°135°150° 165°180°
Regional Database: Americas (shaded areas)
75°
60°
45°
30°
15°
0°
15°
30°
45°
60°
75°
60°
45°
30°
15°
0°
15°
30°
45°
60°
75°
60°
45°
30°
15°
0°
15°
30°
45°
60°
165°150° 135°120°105° 90° 75° 60° 45° 30° 15° 0° 15° 30° 45° 60° 75° 90° 105° 120°135°150° 165°180°
Regional Database: Atlantic (shaded areas)
Rev 5 Jul/2004
8
KGP 560/860 Pilot's Guide
Loading...